The recent emergence of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease causing unprecedented mortality among hibernating bats of eastern North America, has revealed a knowledge gap regarding fungal communities associated with bats and their hibernacula. We used culture-based techniques to investigate the diversity of fungi in soil samples collected from 24 bat hibernacula in the eastern United States. Ribosomal RNA regions (internal transcribed spacer and partial intergenic spacer) were sequenced to preliminarily characterize isolates. Geomyces species were one of the most abundant and diverse groups cultured, representing approximately 33% of all isolates. Geomyces destructans was isolated from soil samples from three hibernacula in states where WNS is known to occur, and many of the other cultured Geomyces isolates likely represent undescribed taxa. Further characterization of the diversity of fungi that occur in hibernacula will both facilitate an improved understanding of the ecology of G. destructans within this complex fungal community and provide an opportunity to identify characteristics that differentiate G. destructans from non-pathogenic relatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mycological Society of America","doi":"10.3852/12-207","usgsCitation":"Lorch, J.M., Lindner, D.L., Gargas, A., Muller, L.K., Minnis, A.M., and Blehert, D., 2013, A culture-based survey of fungi in soil from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States and its implications for detection of Geomyces destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome: Mycologia, v. 105, no. 2, p. 237-252, https://doi.org/10.3852/12-207.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3852/12-207","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508954ade4b08c2511e770e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindner, Daniel L.","contributorId":7411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindner","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gargas, Andrea","contributorId":101805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gargas","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller, Laura K.","contributorId":81739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Minnis, Andrew M.","contributorId":10273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minnis","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006253,"text":"70006253 - 2013 - Past and predicted future changes in the land cover of the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T08:44:10","indexId":"70006253","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and predicted future changes in the land cover of the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA","docAbstract":"This study provides one historical and two alternative future contexts for evaluating land cover modifications within the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. Given previously documented changes in land use, river engineering, restoration efforts and hydro-climatic changes within the UMR basin and floodplain, we wanted to know which of these changes are the most important determinants of current and projected future floodplain land cover. We used Geographic Information System data covering approximately 37% of the UMR floodplain (3232 km2) for ca 1890 (pre-lock and dam) and three contemporary periods (1975, 1989 and 2000) across which river restoration actions have increased and hydro-climatic changes have occurred. We further developed two 50-year future scenarios from the spatially dependent land cover transitions that occurred from 1975 to 1989 (scenario A) and from 1989 to 2000 (scenario B) using Markov models.Land cover composition of the UMR did not change significantly from 1975 to 2000, indicating that current land cover continues to reflect historical modifications that support agricultural production and commercial navigation despite some floodplain restoration efforts and variation in river discharge. Projected future land cover composition based on scenario A was not significantly different from the land cover for 1975, 1989 or 2000 but was different from the land cover of scenario B, which was also different from all other periods. Scenario B forecasts transition of some forest and marsh habitat to open water by the year 2050 for some portions of the northern river and projects that some agricultural lands will transition to open water in the southern portion of the river. Future floodplain management and restoration planning efforts in the UMR should consider the potential consequences of continued shifts in hydro-climatic conditions that may occur as a result of climate change and the potential effects on floodplain land cover.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1615","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N., Rohweder, J., and Nelson, J., 2013, Past and predicted future changes in the land cover of the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA: River Research and Applications, p. 608-618, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1615.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1615","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois;Iowa;Minnesota;Missouri;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Floodplain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7581e4b0c8380cd77bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, N. R.","contributorId":72610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"N. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohweder, J.J.","contributorId":86176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, J.C.","contributorId":102594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179703,"text":"70179703 - 2012 - Acidification of Earth: An assessment across mechanisms and scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T15:02:32","indexId":"70179703","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acidification of Earth: An assessment across mechanisms and scales","docAbstract":"In this review article, anthropogenic activities that cause acidification of Earth’s air, waters, and soils are examined. Although there are many mechanisms of acidification, the focus is on the major ones, including emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and smelting of ores, mining of coal and metal ores, and application of nitrogen fertilizer to soils, by elucidating the underlying biogeochemical reactions as well as assessing the magnitude of the effects. These widespread activities have resulted in (1) increased CO2concentration in the atmosphere that acidifies the oceans; (2) acidic atmospheric deposition that acidifies soils and bodies of freshwater; (3) acid mine drainage that acidifies bodies of freshwater and groundwaters; and (4) nitrification that acidifies soils. Although natural geochemical reactions of mineral weathering and ion exchange work to buffer acidification, the slow reaction rates or the limited abundance of reactant phases are overwhelmed by the onslaught of anthropogenic acid loading. Relatively recent modifications of resource extraction and usage in some regions of the world have begun to ameliorate local acidification, but expanding use of resources in other regions is causing environmental acidification in previously unnoticed places. World maps of coal consumption, Cu mining and smelting, and N fertilizer application are presented to demonstrate the complex spatial heterogeneity of resource consumption as well as the overlap in acidifying potential derived from distinctly different phenomena. Projected population increase by country over the next four decades indicates areas with the highest potential for acidification, so enabling anticipation and planning to offset or mitigate the deleterious environmental effects associated with these global shifts in the consumption of energy, mineral, and food resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.001","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Herman, J.S., 2012, Acidification of Earth: An assessment across mechanisms and scales: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-023200","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","edition":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a492e4b04df303d95824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":178269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70041459,"text":"70041459 - 2012 - Earthquake studies reveal the magmatic plumbing system of the Katmai volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:48:06","indexId":"70041459","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake studies reveal the magmatic plumbing system of the Katmai volcanoes","docAbstract":"The 1912 eruption of Novarupta was the largest of the 1900s (Fierstein and Hildreth 2001, Hildreth et al. 2003). A century later, fundamental questions remain regarding the source of the magma for that eruption. A previous seismic study of the Katmai area (Jolly et al. 2007) identified a single large area of anomalous structure in the subsurface centered beneath Katmai Pass (Figure 2), but the magma source for the 1912 eruption is thought to have been beneath Mt. Katmai (Hildreth et al. 2003). This mystery was a prime motivation for the research project described here.
\nIn summer 2008, scientists and staff from the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) and the University of Wisconsin- Madison installed 11 temporary seismic recording instruments around the Katmai Pass area, complementing the existing AVO seismic network stations (Figure 3). The primary goal of the deployment was to record data from local earthquakes in order to yield an improved model of the three-dimensional structure of the upper crust beneath and surrounding Katmai Pass, using an analysis method known as double-difference seismic tomography (Zhang and Thurber 2003). The method yields a threedimensional image of the velocity of seismic waves in the subsurface, and also produces improved estimates of the locations of the earthquakes beneath the seismic stations.
\nOur main finding is that there is not a single large anomalous zone centered beneath Katmai Pass; rather there are several separate anomalous zones, one each beneath Katmai, Trident-Novarupta, and Martin-Mageik. Furthermore, the earthquakes are tightly clustered beneath the various volcanic centers, and are found to be systematically deeper than previously thought. Linear trends of earthquakes are also revealed, similar to features observed at other volcanoes, possibly outlining previously unidentified fault structures or indicating the path of migrating magma or magmatic fluids and gases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Park Science","publisherLocation":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., Murphy, R., Prejean, S.G., Haney, M.M., Bennington, N., Powell, L., and Paskievitch, J.F., 2012, Earthquake studies reveal the magmatic plumbing system of the Katmai volcanoes: Alaska Park Science, v. 11, no. 1, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034836","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.avo.alaska.edu/downloads/reference.php?citid=7593"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 59.16466752496466\n ],\n [\n -155.21484375,\n 58.65122696412081\n ],\n [\n -155.4620361328125,\n 58.43910842173683\n ],\n [\n -155.830078125,\n 58.09820267068277\n ],\n [\n -155.950927734375,\n 57.98480801923985\n ],\n [\n -155.489501953125,\n 57.789160785408214\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 58.05753828340334\n ],\n [\n -154.6160888671875,\n 58.257507589081605\n ],\n [\n -154.39086914062497,\n 58.4563550724647\n ],\n [\n -153.9898681640625,\n 58.59688654973872\n ],\n [\n -153.7811279296875,\n 58.722598828043374\n ],\n [\n -153.56689453125,\n 58.78813194236441\n ],\n [\n -153.40759277343747,\n 58.8734243789077\n ],\n [\n -153.7646484375,\n 59.00096987084293\n ],\n [\n -154.566650390625,\n 59.16466752496466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389750e4b0d6133fe72fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Rachel","contributorId":65009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa","contributorId":49699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, Lee","contributorId":149615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paskievitch, John F. jpaskie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","email":"jpaskie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70150349,"text":"70150349 - 2012 - Aerial surveys adjusted by ground surveys to estimate area occupied by black-tailed prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:30:25","indexId":"70150349","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerial surveys adjusted by ground surveys to estimate area occupied by black-tailed prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"Aerial surveys using line-intercept methods are one approach to estimate the extent of prairie dog colonies in a large geographic area. Although black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) construct conspicuous mounds at burrow openings, aerial observers have difficulty discriminating between areas with burrows occupied by prairie dogs (colonies) versus areas of uninhabited burrows (uninhabited colony sites). Consequently, aerial line-intercept surveys may overestimate prairie dog colony extent unless adjusted by an on-the-ground inspection of a sample of intercepts. We compared aerial line-intercept surveys conducted over 2 National Grasslands in Colorado, USA, with independent ground-mapping of known black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Aerial line-intercepts adjusted by ground surveys using a single activity category adjustment overestimated colonies by ≥94% on the Comanche National Grassland and ≥58% on the Pawnee National Grassland. We present a ground-survey technique that involves 1) visiting on the ground a subset of aerial intercepts classified as occupied colonies plus a subset of intercepts classified as uninhabited colony sites, and 2) based on these ground observations, recording the proportion of each aerial intercept that intersects a colony and the proportion that intersects an uninhabited colony site. Where line-intercept techniques are applied to aerial surveys or remotely sensed imagery, this method can provide more accurate estimates of black-tailed prairie dog abundance and trends
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.146","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., Augustine, D., Johnson, D.H., Miller, S.D., Cully, J.F., and Reading, R.P., 2012, Aerial surveys adjusted by ground surveys to estimate area occupied by black-tailed prairie dog colonies: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 36, no. 2, p. 248-256, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.146.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029292","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5b8433387184fe7ae7023ce3f49e1a2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":302281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Comanche National Grassland, Pawnee National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.634033203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.634033203125,\n 37.405073750176946\n ],\n [\n -102.117919921875,\n 37.405073750176946\n ],\n [\n -102.117919921875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.634033203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0899658203125,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -104.0899658203125,\n 37.8813571797486\n ],\n [\n -103.40606689453124,\n 37.8813571797486\n ],\n [\n -103.40606689453124,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -104.0899658203125,\n 37.609879943747146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.13940429687499,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -104.13940429687499,\n 40.99855696412674\n ],\n [\n -103.55987548828125,\n 40.99855696412674\n ],\n [\n -103.55987548828125,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -104.13940429687499,\n 40.60978237983301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.78759765625,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -104.78759765625,\n 40.911436954156436\n ],\n [\n -104.3316650390625,\n 40.911436954156436\n ],\n [\n -104.3316650390625,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -104.78759765625,\n 40.60978237983301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6aee4b0b6d21dd65288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Augustine, David J.","contributorId":36849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augustine","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Sterling D.","contributorId":7205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cully, Jack F. Jr.","contributorId":113742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reading, Richard P.","contributorId":104824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reading","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118264,"text":"70118264 - 2012 - The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:36:52","indexId":"70118264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T10:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue","docAbstract":"Maya Blue, a nano-structured clay–organic complex of palygorskite and indigo, was used predominantly before the Spanish Conquest. It has fascinated chemists, material scientists, archaeologists and art historians for decades because it is resistant to the effect of acids, alkalis, and other reagents, and its rich color has persisted for centuries in the harsh tropical climate of southern Mesoamerica. One of its components, palygorskite, is part of modern Maya indigenous knowledge, and ethnohistoric and archaeological data suggest that its modern sources were probably utilized in Prehispanic times. Yet no direct evidence verifies that palygorskite was actually mined from these sources to make Maya Blue. Here we characterize these sources compositionally, and compare our analyses to those of Maya Blue from Chichén Itzá and Palenque. We demonstrate that the palygorskite in most of these samples came from modern mines, providing the first direct evidence for the use of these sources for making Maya Blue. These findings reveal that modern Maya indigenous knowledge about palygorskite, its mining, and its source locations, is at least seven centuries old.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036","usgsCitation":"Arnold, D., Bohor, B., Neff, H., Feinman, G.M., Williams, P.R., Dussubieux, L., and Bishop, R., 2012, The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 39, no. 7, p. 2252-2260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2252","endPage":"2260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291120,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Dean E.","contributorId":73117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"Dean E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohor, Bruce F.","contributorId":104823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"Bruce F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neff, Hector","contributorId":102400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neff","given":"Hector","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feinman, Gary M.","contributorId":11959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinman","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Patrick Ryan","contributorId":14746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dussubieux, Laure","contributorId":58577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dussubieux","given":"Laure","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, Ronald","contributorId":67809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70118101,"text":"70118101 - 2012 - Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:03:34","indexId":"70118101","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that fragments of an asteroid or comet impacted Earth, deposited silica-and iron-rich microspherules and other proxies across several continents, and triggered the Younger Dryas cooling episode 12,900 years ago. Although many independent groups have confirmed the impact evidence, the hypothesis remains controversial because some groups have failed to do so. We examined sediment sequences from 18 dated Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) sites across three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), spanning 12,000 km around nearly one-third of the planet. All sites display abundant microspherules in the YDB with none or few above and below. In addition, three sites (Abu Hureyra, Syria; Melrose, Pennsylvania; and Blackville, South Carolina) display vesicular, high-temperature, siliceous scoria-like objects, or SLOs, that match the spherules geochemically. We compared YDB objects with melt products from a known cosmic impact (Meteor Crater, Arizona) and from the 1945 Trinity nuclear airburst in Socorro, New Mexico, and found that all of these high-energy events produced material that is geochemically and morphologically comparable, including: (i) high-temperature, rapidly quenched microspherules and SLOs; (ii) corundum, mullite, and suessite (Fe3,/sup>Si), a rare meteoritic mineral that forms under high temperatures; (iii) melted SiO2 glass, or lechatelierite, with flow textures (or schlieren) that form at > 2,200 °C; and (iv) particles with features indicative of high-energy interparticle collisions. These results are inconsistent with anthropogenic, volcanic, authigenic, and cosmic materials, yet consistent with cosmic ejecta, supporting the hypothesis of extraterrestrial airbursts/impacts 12,900 years ago. The wide geographic distribution of SLOs is consistent with multiple impactors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1204453109","usgsCitation":"Bunch, T.E., Hermes, R.E., Moore, A., Kennett, D.J., Weaver, J., Wittke, J.H., DeCarli, P.S., Bischoff, J.L., Hillman, G.C., Howard, G.A., Kimbel, D.R., Kletetschka, G., Lipo, C.P., Sakai, S., Revay, Z., West, A., Firestone, R., and Kennett, J.P., 2012, Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 109, no. 28, p. E1903-E1912, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"E1903","endPage":"E1912","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291032,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204453109"}],"otherGeospatial":"Asia;Europe;North America","volume":"109","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c2e4b0bc0bec0a0b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":101197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hermes, Robert E.","contributorId":71901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Andrew","contributorId":101573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennett, Douglas J.","contributorId":106024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":14308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":73928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeCarli, Paul S.","contributorId":48111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hillman, Gordon C.","contributorId":56164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howard, George A.","contributorId":70302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kimbel, David R.","contributorId":17542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kletetschka, Gunther","contributorId":9978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kletetschka","given":"Gunther","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lipo, Carl P.","contributorId":78257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipo","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sakai, Sachiko","contributorId":71488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"Sachiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Revay, Zsolt","contributorId":7202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revay","given":"Zsolt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"West, Allen","contributorId":58579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Firestone, Richard B.","contributorId":55750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kennett, James P.","contributorId":52499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70118094,"text":"70118094 - 2012 - Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:47:15","indexId":"70118094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T14:37:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2346,"text":"Journal of Iberian Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)","docAbstract":"Instrumental and historical seismicity in the Albacete province (External Prebetic Zone) has been scarcely recorded. However, major strike-slip faults showing NW-SE trending provide geomorphologic and paleoseismic evidence of recent tectonic activity (Late Pleistocene to Present). Moreover, these faults are consistently well oriented under the present stress tensor and therefore, they can trigger earthquakes of magnitude greater than M6, according to the lengths of surface ruptures and active segments recognized in fieldwork. Present landscape nearby the village of Hellin (SE of Albacete) is determined by the recent activity of the Pozohondo Fault (FPH), a NW-SE right-lateral fault with 90 km in length. In this study, we have calculated the Late Quaternary tectonic sliprate of the FPH from geomorphological, sedimentological, archaeoseimological, and paleoseismological approaches. All of these data suggest that the FPH runs with a minimum slip-rate of 0.1 mm/yr during the last 100 kyrs (Upper Pleistocene-Holocene). In addition, we have recognized the last two major paleoearthquakes associated to this fault. Magnitudes of these paleoearthquakes were gretarer than M6 and their recurrence intervals ranged from 6600 to 8600 yrs for the seismic cycle of FPH. The last earthquake was dated between the 1st and 6th centuries, though two earthquakes could be interpreted in this wide time interval, one at the FPH and other from a far field source. Results obtained here, suggest an increasing of the tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault during the last 10,000 yrs.","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","publisherLocation":"Madrid, Spain","doi":"10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39216","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Perez-Lopez, R., Garduño-Monroy, V., Giner-Robles, J.L., Silva, P., Perucha-Atienza, M., Hernandez-Madrigal, V., and Bischoff, J., 2012, Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Journal of Iberian Geology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 255-267, https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39216.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_jige.2012.v38.n1.39216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Pozohondo Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -18.16,27.64 ], [ -18.16,43.79 ], [ 4.33,43.79 ], [ 4.33,27.64 ], [ -18.16,27.64 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c2e4b0bc0bec0a0b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M.A.","contributorId":36853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garduño-Monroy, V.H.","contributorId":65015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduño-Monroy","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, P.G.","contributorId":17158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perucha-Atienza, M.A.","contributorId":60968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perucha-Atienza","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez-Madrigal, V.M.","contributorId":8006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez-Madrigal","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70045034,"text":"70045034 - 2012 - Global trophic position comparison of two dominant mesopelagic fish families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) using amino acid nitrogen isotopic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T21:20:10","indexId":"70045034","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global trophic position comparison of two dominant mesopelagic fish families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) using amino acid nitrogen isotopic analyses","docAbstract":"The δ15N values of organisms are commonly used across diverse ecosystems to estimate trophic position and infer trophic connectivity. We undertook a novel cross-basin comparison of trophic position in two ecologically well-characterized and different groups of dominant mid-water fish consumers using amino acid nitrogen isotope compositions. We found that trophic positions estimated from the δ15N values of individual amino acids are nearly uniform within both families of these fishes across five global regions despite great variability in bulk tissue δ15N values. Regional differences in the δ15N values of phenylalanine confirmed that bulk tissue δ15N values reflect region-specific water mass biogeochemistry controlling δ15N values at the base of the food web. Trophic positions calculated from amino acid isotopic analyses (AA-TP) for lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) (AA-TP ~2.9) largely align with expectations from stomach content studies (TP ~3.2), while AA-TPs for dragonfishes (family Stomiidae) (AA-TP ~3.2) were lower than TPs derived from stomach content studies (TP~4.1). We demonstrate that amino acid nitrogen isotope analysis can overcome shortcomings of bulk tissue isotope analysis across biogeochemically distinct systems to provide globally comparative information regarding marine food web structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","publisherLocation":"San Fransicso, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0050133","usgsCitation":"Choy, C.A., Davison, P.C., Drazen, J.C., Flynn, A., Gier, E.J., Hoffman, J.C., McClain-Counts, J., Miller, T.W., Popp, B.N., Ross, S., and Sutton, T.T., 2012, Global trophic position comparison of two dominant mesopelagic fish families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) using amino acid nitrogen isotopic analyses: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050133.","productDescription":"e50133; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-033294","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271849,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050133"},{"id":271851,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=9CB952656838B0A2ADDCA036CD4367DC?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0050133&representation=PDF"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 155.0,-43.0 ], [ 155.0,60.0 ], [ -27.0,60.0 ], [ -27.0,-43.0 ], [ 155.0,-43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716ae4b078fc9c244b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, C. Anela","contributorId":97799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davison, Peter C.","contributorId":57342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davison","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drazen, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":87836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drazen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flynn, Adrian","contributorId":31655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gier, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":89785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gier","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, Joel C.","contributorId":84244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McClain-Counts, Jennifer P. 0000-0002-3383-5472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5472","contributorId":13744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain-Counts","given":"Jennifer P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, Todd W.","contributorId":71855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Popp, Brian N.","contributorId":49027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popp","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":41134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve W.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sutton, Tracey T.","contributorId":106400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70043290,"text":"70043290 - 2012 - Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T18:17:37.984972","indexId":"70043290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms","docAbstract":"The upcoming launch of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) will start the next era of the Landsat program. However, the Automated Cloud-Cover Assessment (CCA) (ACCA) algorithm used on Landsat 7 requires a thermal band and is thus not suited for OLI. There will be a thermal instrument on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)-the Thermal Infrared Sensor-which may not be available during all OLI collections. This illustrates a need for CCA for LDCM in the absence of thermal data. To research possibilities for full-resolution OLI cloud assessment, a global data set of 207 Landsat 7 scenes with manually generated cloud masks was created. It was used to evaluate the ACCA algorithm, showing that the algorithm correctly classified 79.9% of a standard test subset of 3.95 109 pixels. The data set was also used to develop and validate two successor algorithms for use with OLI data-one derived from an off-the-shelf machine learning package and one based on ACCA but enhanced by a simple neural network. These comprehensive CCA algorithms were shown to correctly classify pixels as cloudy or clear 88.5% and 89.7% of the time, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164087","usgsCitation":"Scaramuzza, P., Bouchard, M., and Dwyer, J.L., 2012, Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 4, p. 1140-1154, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164087.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1154","ipdsId":"IP-020443","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9d9e4b0df838b924d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456 pscar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":3970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","email":"pscar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouchard, M.A. 0000-0002-6353-3491","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":13023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044631,"text":"ds717 - 2012 - Data from a thick unsaturated zone in Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California, 2007--09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T11:45:04","indexId":"ds717","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"717","title":"Data from a thick unsaturated zone in Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California, 2007--09","docAbstract":"Data were collected on the physical properties of unsaturated alluvial deposits, the chemical composition of leachate extracted from unsaturated alluvial deposits, the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater and unsaturated-zone water, and the chemical composition of unsaturated-zone gas at four monitoring sites in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in the town of Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California. The presence of denitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria from unsaturated alluvial deposits was evaluated for two of these monitoring sites that underlie unsewered residential development.\n\nFour unsaturated-zone monitoring sites were installed in the Joshua Tree area—two in an unsewered residential development and two adjacent to a proposed artificial-recharge site in an undeveloped area. The two boreholes in residential development areas were installed by using the ODEX air-hammer method. One borehole was drilled through the unsaturated zone to a depth of 541 ft (feet) below land surface; a well screened across the water table was installed. Groundwater was sampled from this well. The second borehole was drilled to a depth of 81 ft below land surface. Drilling procedures, lithologic and geophysical data, construction details, and instrumentation placed in these boreholes are described. Core material was analyzed for water content, bulk density, matric potential, particle size, and water retention. The leachate from over 500 subsamples of cores and cuttings was analyzed for soluble anions, including fluoride, sulfate, bromide, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. Groundwater was analyzed for major ions, inorganic compounds, select trace elements, and isotopic composition. Unsaturated-zone water from suction-cup lysimeters was analyzed for major ions, inorganic compounds, select trace elements, and isotopic composition. Unsaturated-zone gas samples were analyzed for argon, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, ethane, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide. Drill cuttings were analyzed for denitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria.\n\nOne of the boreholes installed adjacent to the Joshua Basin Water District proposed groundwater-recharge facility was installed by using the ODEX air-hammer method and the other was installed by using a 7.875-inch hollow-stem auger. Drilling procedures, lithologic and geophysical data, construction details, and instrumentation placed in these boreholes are described; however, geochemical data were not available at the time of publication.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds717","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Joshua Basin Water District","usgsCitation":"Burgess, M., Izbicki, J., Teague, N., O’Leary, D.R., Clark, D., and Land, M., 2012, Data from a thick unsaturated zone in Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California, 2007--09: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 717, vii, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds717.","productDescription":"vii, 103 p.","numberOfPages":"114","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds717.jpg"},{"id":269439,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/717/"},{"id":269440,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/717/pdf/ds717.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Joshua Tree","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.351526,34.104018 ], [ -116.351526,34.149356 ], [ -116.290866,34.149356 ], [ -116.290866,34.104018 ], [ -116.351526,34.104018 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5145864fe4b0c47b5d322a67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgess, Matthew","contributorId":17112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":91905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas 0000-0001-5289-1210","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":20229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Leary, David R. 0000-0001-9888-1739 doleary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-1739","contributorId":2143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"David","email":"doleary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Dennis","contributorId":40099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042449,"text":"70042449 - 2012 - Recent and historic sediment dynamics along Difficult Run, a suburban Virginia Piedmont stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T16:19:55.230557","indexId":"70042449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent and historic sediment dynamics along Difficult Run, a suburban Virginia Piedmont stream","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment is one of the major concerns regarding the quality of water entering the Chesapeake Bay. Some of the highest suspended-sediment concentrations occur on Piedmont streams, including Difficult Run, a tributary of the Potomac River draining urban and suburban parts of northern Virginia. Accurate information on catchment level sediment budgets is rare and difficult to determine. Further, the sediment trapping portion of sediment budget represents an important ecosystem service that profoundly affects downstream water quality. Our objectives, with special reference to human alterations to the landscape, include the documentation and estimation of floodplain sediment trapping (present and historic) and bank erosion along an urbanized Piedmont stream, the construction of a preliminary sediment balance, and the estimation of legacy sediment and recent development impacts. We used white feldspar markers to measure floodplain sedimentation rates and steel pins to measure erosion rates on floodplains and banks, respectively. Additional data were collected for/from legacy sediment thickness and characteristics, mill pond impacts, stream gaging station records, topographic surveying, and sediment density, texture, and organic content. Data were analyzed using GIS and various statistical programs. Results are interpreted relative to stream equilibrium affected by both post-colonial bottomland sedimentation (legacy) and modern watershed hardening associated with urbanization. Six floodplain/channel sites, from high to low in the watershed, were selected for intensive study. Bank erosion ranges from 0 to 470 kg/m/y and floodplain sedimentation ranges from 18 to 1369 kg/m/y (m refers to meters of stream reach). Upstream reaches are net erosional, while downstream reaches have a distinctly net depositional flux providing a watershed sediment balance of 2184 kg/m/y trapped within the system. The amounts of both deposition and erosion are large and suggest nonequilibrium channel conditions. Both peak discharge and number of peaks above base have substantially increased since the mid-1960s when urbanization of the watershed began. Deposition patterns are most closely correlated with channel gradient, sinuosity, and channel width/floodplain width for recent and historic periods. The substantial amounts of fine grained sediment deposited on the floodplain over the past two centuries or so do not appear to be closely related to historic mill pond presence or location. The floodplain continues to provide the critical ecosystem service of sediment trapping in the face of multiple human alterations. Trends in sediment deposition/erosion may react rapidly to land use practices within the watershed and offer a valuable barometer of the effects of management actions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.007","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., Noe, G., Schenk, E.R., and Benthem, A.J., 2012, Recent and historic sediment dynamics along Difficult Run, a suburban Virginia Piedmont stream: Geomorphology, v. 180-181, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-039432","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.007"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.293804,38.943012 ], [ -77.293804,38.962448 ], [ -77.287886,38.962448 ], [ -77.287886,38.943012 ], [ -77.293804,38.943012 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"180-181","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a98e4b04c194073ae37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":2332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benthem, Adam J. 0000-0003-2372-0281 abenthem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-0281","contributorId":2740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthem","given":"Adam","email":"abenthem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042442,"text":"70042442 - 2012 - Laboratory triggering of stick-slip events by oscillatory loading in the presence of pore fluid with implications for physics of tectonic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:30:50","indexId":"70042442","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory triggering of stick-slip events by oscillatory loading in the presence of pore fluid with implications for physics of tectonic tremor","docAbstract":"The physical mechanism by which the low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that make up portions of tectonic (also called non-volcanic) tremor are created is poorly understood. In many areas of the world, tectonic tremor and LFEs appear to be strongly tidally modulated, whereas ordinary earthquakes are not. Anomalous seismic wave speeds, interpreted as high pore fluid pressure, have been observed in regions that generate tremor. Here we build upon previous laboratory studies that investigated the response of stick-slip on artificial faults to oscillatory, tide-like loading. These previous experiments were carried out using room-dry samples of Westerly granite, at one effective stress. Here we augment these results with new experiments on Westerly granite, with the addition of varying effective stress using pore fluid at two pressures. We find that raising pore pressure, thereby lowering effective stress can significantly increase the degree of correlation of stick-slip to oscillatory loading. We also find other pore fluid effects that become important at higher frequencies, when the period of oscillation is comparable to the diffusion time of pore fluid into the fault. These results help constrain the conditions at depth that give rise to tidally modulated LFEs, providing confirmation of the effective pressure law for triggering and insights into why tremor is tidally modulated while earthquakes are at best only weakly modulated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JB009452","usgsCitation":"Bartlow, N., Lockner, D.A., and Beeler, N.M., 2012, Laboratory triggering of stick-slip events by oscillatory loading in the presence of pore fluid with implications for physics of tectonic tremor: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B11, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009452.","productDescription":"B11411: 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-041164","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jb009452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265521,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009452"},{"id":265522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f331e4b04edf7e93f8ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlow, Noel M.","contributorId":38868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlow","given":"Noel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042074,"text":"70042074 - 2012 - Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-14T12:41:22","indexId":"70042074","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition","docAbstract":"Stream indicators used to make assessments of biological condition are influenced by many possible sources of variability. To examine this issue, we used multiple-year and multiple-reach diatom, fish, and invertebrate data collected from 20 least-disturbed and 46 developed stream segments between 1993 and 2004 as part of the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. We used a variance-component model to summarize the relative and absolute magnitude of 4 variance components (among-site, among-year, site × year interaction, and residual) in indicator values (observed/expected ratio [O/E] and regional multimetric indices [MMI]) among assemblages and between basin types (least-disturbed and developed). We used multiple-reach samples to evaluate discordance in site assessments of biological condition caused by sampling variability. Overall, patterns in variance partitioning were similar among assemblages and basin types with one exception. Among-site variance dominated the relative contribution to the total variance (64–80% of total variance), residual variance (sampling variance) accounted for more variability (8–26%) than interaction variance (5–12%), and among-year variance was always negligible (0–0.2%). The exception to this general pattern was for invertebrates at least-disturbed sites where variability in O/E indicators was partitioned between among-site and residual (sampling) variance (among-site = 36%, residual = 64%). This pattern was not observed for fish and diatom indicators (O/E and regional MMI). We suspect that unexplained sampling variability is what largely remained after the invertebrate indicators (O/E predictive models) had accounted for environmental differences among least-disturbed sites. The influence of sampling variability on discordance of within-site assessments was assemblage or basin-type specific. Discordance among assessments was nearly 2× greater in developed basins (29–31%) than in least-disturbed sites (15–16%) for invertebrates and diatoms, whereas discordance among assessments based on fish did not differ between basin types (least-disturbed = 16%, developed = 17%). Assessments made using invertebrate and diatom indicators from a single reach disagreed with other samples collected within the same stream segment nearly ⅓ of the time in developed basins, compared to ⅙ for all other cases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/11-040.1","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., Carlisle, D.M., Meador, M., and Potapova, M., 2012, Variance partitioning of stream diatom, fish, and invertebrate indicators of biological condition: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 182-190, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-040.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-011898","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/11-040.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":287130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287129,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-040.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5374907ae4b0870f4d23d007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042280,"text":"70042280 - 2012 - Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T21:15:21","indexId":"70042280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","docAbstract":"Background Large-scale inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) projects are commonly proposed as solutions to water distribution and supply problems. These problems are likely to intensify under future population growth and climate change scenarios. Scarce data on the distribution of freshwater fishes frequently limits the ability to assess the potential implications of an IBWT project on freshwater fish communities. Because connectivity in habitat networks is expected to be critical to species' biogeography, consideration of changes in the relative isolation of riverine networks may provide a strategy for controlling impacts of IBWTs on freshwater fish communities Methods/Principal Findings Using empirical data on the current patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity for rivers of peninsular India, we show here how the spatial changes alone under an archetypal IBWT project will (1) reduce freshwater fish biodiversity system-wide, (2) alter patterns of local species richness, (3) expand distributions of widespread species throughout peninsular rivers, and (4) decrease community richness by increasing inter-basin similarity (a mechanism for the observed decrease in biodiversity). Given the complexity of the IBWT, many paths to partial or full completion of the project are possible. We evaluate two strategies for step-wise implementation of the 11 canals, based on economic or ecological considerations. We find that for each step in the project, the impacts on freshwater fish communities are sensitive to which canal is added to the network. Conclusions/Significance Importantly, ecological impacts can be reduced by associating the sequence in which canals are added to characteristics of the links, except for the case when all 11 canals are implemented simultaneously (at which point the sequence of canal addition is inconsequential). By identifying the fundamental relationship between the geometry of riverine networks and freshwater fish biodiversity, our results will aid in assessing impacts of IBWT projects and balancing ecosystem and societal demands for freshwater, even in cases where biodiversity data are limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Lynch, H., Muneepeerakul, R., Muthukumarasamy, A., Rodríguez-Iturbe, I., and Fagan, W., 2012, Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 3, 7 p.; e34170, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170.","productDescription":"7 p.; e34170","ipdsId":"IP-035454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265022,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170"},{"id":265023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d009e4b0a4aa5bb0af33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Heather J.","contributorId":23824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Heather J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muneepeerakul, Rachata","contributorId":66130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muneepeerakul","given":"Rachata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muthukumarasamy, Arunachalam","contributorId":77016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muthukumarasamy","given":"Arunachalam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodríguez-Iturbe, Ignacio","contributorId":78626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Iturbe","given":"Ignacio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042282,"text":"70042282 - 2012 - Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T14:31:18","indexId":"70042282","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?","docAbstract":"Using multiple detection methods can increase the number, kind, and distribution of individuals sampled, which may increase accuracy and precision and reduce cost of population abundance estimates. However, when variables influencing abundance are of interest, if individuals detected via different methods are influenced by the landscape differently, separate analysis of multiple detection methods may be more appropriate. We evaluated the effects of combining two detection methods on the identification of variables important to local abundance using detections of grizzly bears with hair traps (systematic) and bear rubs (opportunistic). We used hierarchical abundance models (N-mixture models) with separate model components for each detection method. If both methods sample the same population, the use of either data set alone should (1) lead to the selection of the same variables as important and (2) provide similar estimates of relative local abundance. We hypothesized that the inclusion of 2 detection methods versus either method alone should (3) yield more support for variables identified in single method analyses (i.e. fewer variables and models with greater weight), and (4) improve precision of covariate estimates for variables selected in both separate and combined analyses because sample size is larger. As expected, joint analysis of both methods increased precision as well as certainty in variable and model selection. However, the single-method analyses identified different variables and the resulting predicted abundances had different spatial distributions. We recommend comparing single-method and jointly modeled results to identify the presence of individual heterogeneity between detection methods in N-mixture models, along with consideration of detection probabilities, correlations among variables, and tolerance to risk of failing to identify variables important to a subset of the population. The benefits of increased precision should be weighed against those risks. The analysis framework presented here will be useful for other species exhibiting heterogeneity by detection method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049410","usgsCitation":"Graves, T.A., Royle, J., Kendall, K.C., Beier, P., Stetz, J.B., and Macleod, A., 2012, Balancing precision and risk: should multiple detection methods be analyzed separately in N-mixture models?: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 12, 9 p.; e49410, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410.","productDescription":"9 p.; e49410","ipdsId":"IP-042009","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049410"},{"id":265019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe4e4b0a4aa5bb0ae8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beier, Paul","contributorId":100708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beier","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stetz, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":15493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macleod, Amy C.","contributorId":65739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042281,"text":"70042281 - 2012 - Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-02T12:03:14","indexId":"70042281","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference","docAbstract":"A productive way forward in studies of animal populations is to efficiently make use of all the information available, either as raw data or as published sources, on critical parameters of interest. In this study, we demonstrate two approaches to the use of multiple sources of information on a parameter of fundamental interest to ecologists: animal density. The first approach produces estimates simultaneously from two different sources of data. The second approach was developed for situations in which initial data collection and analysis are followed up by subsequent data collection and prior knowledge is updated with new data using a stepwise process. Both approaches are used to estimate density of a rare and elusive predator, the tiger, by combining photographic and fecal DNA spatial capture–recapture data. The model, which combined information, provided the most precise estimate of density (8.5 ± 1.95 tigers/100 km2 [posterior mean ± SD]) relative to a model that utilized only one data source (photographic, 12.02 ± 3.02 tigers/100 km2 and fecal DNA, 6.65 ± 2.37 tigers/100 km2). Our study demonstrates that, by accounting for multiple sources of available information, estimates of animal density can be significantly improved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-2110.1","usgsCitation":"Gopalaswamy, A., Royle, J., Delampady, M., Nichols, J., Karanth, K.U., and Macdonald, D.W., 2012, Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference: Ecology, v. 93, no. 7, p. 1741-1751, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-2110.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1741","endPage":"1751","ipdsId":"IP-039030","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265020,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-2110.1"},{"id":265021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfefe4b0a4aa5bb0aebb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.","contributorId":12167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gopalaswamy","given":"Arjun M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delampady, Mohan","contributorId":38856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delampady","given":"Mohan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Macdonald, David W.","contributorId":108374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042765,"text":"70042765 - 2012 - Mycoplasma testudineum in free-ranging desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T11:41:46","indexId":"70042765","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycoplasma testudineum in free-ranging desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"We performed clinico-pathological evaluations of 11 wild Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) from a translocation project in the central Mojave Desert, California, USA. Group 1 consisted of nine tortoises that were selected primarily due to serologic status, indicating exposure to Mycoplasma testudineum (seven) or both M. agassizii and M. testudineum (two), and secondarily due to clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). Group 2 consisted of two tortoises that were antibody-negative for Mycoplasma and had no clinical signs of URTD, but did have other signs of illness. Of the Group 1 tortoises, M. testudineum, but not M. agassizii, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and DNA fingerprinted from two tortoises. Using light microscopy, mild to severe pathologic changes were observed in one or more histologic sections of either one or both nasal cavities of each tortoise in Group 1. Our findings support a causal relationship between M. testudineum and URTD in desert tortoises.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2011-09-256","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, E., and Berry, K.H., 2012, Mycoplasma testudineum in free-ranging desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1063-1068, https://doi.org/10.7589/2011-09-256.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1068","ipdsId":"IP-016869","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/2011-09-256","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275213,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2011-09-256"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5466e4b00ffbed48f8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Elliott R.","contributorId":68630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Elliott R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046806,"text":"70046806 - 2012 - A remote-sensing, GIS-based approach to identify, characterize, and model spawning habitat for fall-run chum salmon in a sub-arctic, glacially fed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T11:25:25","indexId":"70046806","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote-sensing, GIS-based approach to identify, characterize, and model spawning habitat for fall-run chum salmon in a sub-arctic, glacially fed river","docAbstract":"At northern limits of a species’ distribution, fish habitat requirements are often linked to thermal preferences, and the presence of overwintering habitat. However, logistical challenges and hydrologic processes typical of glacial systems could compromize the identification of these habitats, particularly in large river environments. Our goal was to identify and characterize spawning habitat for fall-run chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and model habitat selection from spatial distributions of tagged individuals in the Tanana River, Alaska using an approach that combined ground surveys with remote sensing. Models included braiding, sinuosity, ice-free water surface area (indicating groundwater influence), and persistent ice-free water (i.e., consistent presence of ice-free water for a 12-year period according to satellite imagery). Candidate models containing persistent ice-free water were selected as most likely, highlighting the utility of remote sensing for monitoring and identifying salmon habitat in remote areas. A combination of ground and remote surveys revealed spatial and temporal thermal characteristics of these habitats that could have strong biological implications. Persistent ice-free sites identified using synthetic aperture radar appear to serve as core areas for spawning fall chum salmon, and the importance of stability through time suggests a legacy of successful reproductive effort for this homing species. These features would not be captured with a one-visit traditional survey but rather required remote-sensing monitoring of the sites through time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.692348","usgsCitation":"Wirth, L., Rosenberger, A., Prakash, A., Gens, R., Margraf, F.J., and Hamazaki, T., 2012, A remote-sensing, GIS-based approach to identify, characterize, and model spawning habitat for fall-run chum salmon in a sub-arctic, glacially fed river: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 5, p. 1349-1363, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.692348.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1363","ipdsId":"IP-039186","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274749,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.692348"}],"volume":"141","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30e4e4b0f72b44719c3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirth, Lisa","contributorId":24671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda","contributorId":45609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prakash, Anupma","contributorId":41101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakash","given":"Anupma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gens, Rudiger","contributorId":54490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gens","given":"Rudiger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Margraf, F. Joseph jmargraf@usgs.gov","contributorId":257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.","email":"jmargraf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamazaki, Toshihide","contributorId":41723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamazaki","given":"Toshihide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046850,"text":"70046850 - 2012 - Emerging contaminants at a closed and an operating landfill in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:38:40","indexId":"70046850","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging contaminants at a closed and an operating landfill in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Landfills are the final depositories for a wide range of solid waste from both residential and commercial sources, and therefore have the potential to produce leachate containing many organic compounds found in consumer products such as pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, disinfectants, cleaning agents, fire retardants, flavorings, and preservatives, known as emerging contaminants (ECs). Landfill leachate was sampled from landfill cells of three different age ranges from two landfills in Central Oklahoma. Samples were collected from an old cell containing solid waste greater than 25 years old, an intermediate age cell with solid waste between 16 and 3 years old, and operating cell with solid waste less than 5 years old to investigate the chemical variability and persistence of selected ECs in landfill leachate of differing age sources. Twenty-eight of 69 analyzed ECs were detected in one or more samples from the three leachate sources. Detected ECs ranged in concentration from 0.11 to 114 μg/L and included 4 fecal and plant sterols, 13 household\\industrial, 7 hydrocarbon, and 4 pesticide compounds. Four ECs were solely detected in the oldest leachate sample, two ECs were solely detected in the intermediate leachate sample, and no ECs were solely detected in the youngest leachate sample. Eleven ECs were commonly detected in all three leachate samples and are an indication of the contents of solid waste deposited over several decades and the relative resistance of some ECs to natural attenuation processes in and near landfills.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01373.x","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Masoner, J.R., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2012, Emerging contaminants at a closed and an operating landfill in Oklahoma: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 32, no. 1, p. 120-130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01373.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-029569","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044868,"text":"70044868 - 2012 - Lithium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T21:00:26","indexId":"70044868","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium","docAbstract":"In 2011, world lithium consumption was estimated to have been about 25 kt (25,000 st) of lithium contained in minerals and compounds, a 10-percent increase from 2010. U.S. consumption was estimated to have been about 2 kt (2,200 st) of contained lithium, a 100-percent increase from 2010. The United States was estimated to be the fourth-ranked consumer of lithium and remained the leading importer of lithium carbonate and the leading producer of value-added lithium materials. One company, Chemetall Foote Corp. (a subsidiary of Chemetall GmbH of Germany), produced lithium compounds from domestic brine resources near Silver Peak, NV.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jaskula, B., 2012, Lithium: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 72-73.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-029014","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44ece4b0eff6bc0031d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaskula, B.W.","contributorId":62496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"B.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043553,"text":"70043553 - 2012 - Development of a quantitative assay to measure expression of transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) in Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and evaluation of potential pitfalls in use with field-collected samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T16:01:36","indexId":"70043553","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a quantitative assay to measure expression of transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) in Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and evaluation of potential pitfalls in use with field-collected samples","docAbstract":"The Nature Conservancy is in the process of restoring the Williamson River Delta in an attempt to recreate important juvenile habitat for the endangered shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris and the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus. Measurement of TGF-β mRNA expression level was one of the indicators chosen to evaluate juvenile sucker health during the restoration process. TGF-β mRNA expression level has been correlated with disease status in several laboratory studies and TGF-β mRNA expression level has been used as a species-specific indicator of immune status in field-based fish health assessments. We describe here the identification of TGF-β and a possible splice variant from shortnose sucker and from Lost River sucker. The performance of a quantitative RT-PCR assay to measure TGF-β mRNA expression level was evaluated in field-collected spleen and kidney tissue samples. The quality of extracted RNA was higher in tissues harvested in September compared to July and higher in tissues harvested at lower temperature compared to higher temperature. In addition, the expression level of both TGF-β and 18S as assessed by qRT-PCR was higher in samples with higher quality RNA. TGF-β mRNA expression was lower in kidney than in spleen in both Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.017","usgsCitation":"Robertson, L.S., Ottinger, C.A., Burdick, S.M., and VanderKooi, S., 2012, Development of a quantitative assay to measure expression of transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) in Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and evaluation of potential pitfalls in use with field-collected samples: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 890-898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.017.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"898","ipdsId":"IP-034878","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268569,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.017"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a84e4b04c194073add1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Laura S. lrobertson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Laura","email":"lrobertson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanderKooi, Scott P.","contributorId":106584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043544,"text":"70043544 - 2012 - Assessment of modal-pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of ordinary standard bridges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T14:02:06","indexId":"70043544","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2199,"text":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of modal-pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of ordinary standard bridges","docAbstract":"The earthquake engineering profession is increasingly utilizing nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) to evaluate seismic performance of existing structures and proposed designs of new structures. One of the main ingredients of nonlinear RHA is a set of ground motion records representing the expected hazard environment for the structure. When recorded motions do not exist (as is the case in the central United States) or when high-intensity records are needed (as is the case in San Francisco and Los Angeles), ground motions from other tectonically similar regions need to be selected and scaled. The modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure was recently developed to determine scale factors for a small number of records such that the scaled records provide accurate and efficient estimates of “true” median structural responses. The adjective “accurate” refers to the discrepancy between the benchmark responses and those computed from the MPS procedure. The adjective “efficient” refers to the record-to-record variability of responses. In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are evaluated by applying it to four types of existing Ordinary Standard bridges typical of reinforced concrete bridge construction in California. These bridges are the single-bent overpass, multi-span bridge, curved bridge, and skew bridge. As compared with benchmark analyses of unscaled records using a larger catalog of ground motions, it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided an accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the EDPs. Thus, it is a useful tool for scaling ground motions as input to nonlinear RHAs of Ordinary Standard bridges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000259","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Kwong, N., 2012, Assessment of modal-pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of ordinary standard bridges: Journal of Bridge Engineering, v. 17, no. 2, p. 1223-1242, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000259.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1242","ipdsId":"IP-026102","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270703,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000259"},{"id":270704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653865e4b077fa94dadf7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwong, N.","contributorId":52062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwong","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043339,"text":"70043339 - 2012 - Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T12:12:57","indexId":"70043339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology","docAbstract":"Quantifying hydrologic and ecological connectivity has contributed to understanding transport and dispersal processes and assessing ecosystem degradation or restoration potential. However, there has been little synthesis across disciplines. The growing field of ecohydrology and recent recognition that loss of hydrologic connectivity is leading to a global decline in biodiversity underscore the need for a unified connectivity concept. One outstanding need is a way to quantify directional connectivity that is consistent, robust to variations in sampling, and transferable across scales or environmental settings. Understanding connectivity in a particular direction (e.g., streamwise, along or across gradient, between sources and sinks, along cardinal directions) provides critical information for predicting contaminant transport, planning conservation corridor design, and understanding how landscapes or hydroscapes respond to directional forces like wind or water flow. Here we synthesize progress on quantifying connectivity and develop a new strategy for evaluating directional connectivity that benefits from use of graph theory in ecology and percolation theory in hydrology. The directional connectivity index (DCI) is a graph-theory based, multiscale metric that is generalizable to a range of different structural and functional connectivity applications. It exhibits minimal sensitivity to image rotation or resolution within a given range and responds intuitively to progressive, unidirectional change. Further, it is linearly related to the integral connectivity scale length—a metric common in hydrology that correlates well with actual fluxes—but is less computationally challenging and more readily comparable across different landscapes. Connectivity-orientation curves (i.e., directional connectivity computed over a range of headings) provide a quantitative, information-dense representation of environmental structure that can be used for comparison or detection of subtle differences in the physical-biological feedbacks driving pattern formation. Case-study application of the DCI to the Everglades in south Florida revealed that loss of directional hydrologic connectivity occurs more rapidly and is a more sensitive indicator of declining ecosystem function than other metrics (e.g., habitat area) used previously. Here and elsewhere, directional connectivity can provide insight into landscape drivers and processes, act as an early-warning indicator of environmental degradation, and serve as a planning tool or performance measure for conservation and restoration efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/11-1948.1","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Choi, J., Nungesser, M.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2012, Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 8, p. 2204-2220, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1948.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2204","endPage":"2220","ipdsId":"IP-037690","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271468,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1948.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5069e4b072c16ef14b1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G.","contributorId":42111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nungesser, Martha K.","contributorId":43254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nungesser","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}