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Four scenes of visible to shortwave-infrared image data acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor were analyzed to generate maps of exposed clay, sulfate, mica, and carbonate minerals, and ASTER thermal infrared data were analyzed to identify quartz and carbonate minerals. Argillic and advanced argillic alteration minerals including alunite, pyrophyllite, dickite, and kaolinite were identified in both undocumented (U) and known (K) areas, including in the southern Paradise Mtns. (U); in calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the Wah Wah Mtns. between Broken Ridge and the NG area (U/K); at Wah Wah Summit in a small zone adjacent to 33.1 Ma diorite and marble (U); in fractures cutting quartzites surrounding the 20-22 Ma Pine Grove Mo deposit (U); in volcanic rocks in the Shauntie Hills (U/K); in quartzites in the west-central San Francisco Mtns. (U); in volcanic rocks in the Black Mtns. (K); and in mainly 12-13 Ma rhyolitic rocks along a 20 km E-W belt that includes the Bible Spring fault zone west of Broken Ridge, with several small centers in the Escalante Desert to the south (U/K). Argillized Navajo Sandstone with kaolinite and (or) dickite ± alunite was mapped adjacent to calc-alkaline intrusions in the Star Range (U). Intense quartz-sericite alteration (K) with local kaolinite was identified in andesite adjacent to calc-alkaline intrusions in the Beaver Lake Mountains. Mo-bearing phyllic alteration was identified in 22.2 Ma rhyolite plugs at the center of the NG alunite area. Limestones, dolomites, and marbles were differentiated, and quartz and sericite were identified in most unaltered quartzites. Halos of argillically-altered rock ≈12 km in diameter surround the Pine Grove deposit, the central rhyolites at NG, and the North Peaks just south of the Bible Spring fault zone. A southward shift from 22-23 Ma alunite at NG in the northeast to the 12-13 Ma alunite near Broken Ridge in the southwest mirrors a shift in the locus of bimodal magmatism and is similar to the southward shift of activity from the Antelope Range to Alunite Ridge (porphyry Mo potential) in the Marysvale volcanic field farther east. The poster provided in this report compares mineral maps generated from analysis of combined visible-near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) data and thermal infrared (TIR) ASTER data to a previously published regional geologic map. Such comparisons are used to identify and differentiate rock-forming and hydrothermal alteration-related minerals, which aids in lithologic mapping and alteration characterization over an 11,245 square kilometer area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121105","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., and Hofstra, A.H., 2012, Mapping argillic and advanced argillic alteration in volcanic rocks, quartzites, and quartz arenites in the western Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, southwestern Utah, using ASTER satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1105, Report: iii, 5 p.; Poster (Low Resolution): 90.10 inches x 44.10 inches; Poster (High Resolution): 90.10 inches x 44.10 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121105.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 5 p.; Poster (Low Resolution): 90.10 inches x 44.10 inches; Poster (High Resolution): 90.10 inches x 44.10 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1105.jpg"},{"id":259061,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1105/OFR_2012-1105_poster_lossless.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259059,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1105/OF2012-1105_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"175000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 12 North","datum":"Datum: North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,38 ], [ -114,39 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -112,38 ], [ -114,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5052e4b0c8380cd6b5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046796,"text":"70046796 - 2012 - Preliminary evaluation of the shale gas prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation in the onshore Gulf Coast region, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T10:36:16","indexId":"70046796","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-06T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the shale gas prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation in the onshore Gulf Coast region, United States","docAbstract":"Recent work by the U.S. Geological Survey indicated that the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation contains an estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable unconventional gas resource of 8.8 trillion cubic ft in the Maverick Basin, South Texas. Cumulative gas production from horizontal wells in the core area of the emerging play has exceeded 5 billion cubic ft since 2008. However, very little information is available to characterize the Pearsall Formation as an unconventional gas resource beyond the Maverick Basin in the greater Gulf Coast region. Therefore, this reconnaissance study examines spatial distribution, thickness, organic richness and thermal maturity of the Pearsall Formation in the onshore U.S. Gulf states using wireline logs and drill cuttings sample analysis. Spontaneous potential and resistivity curves of approximately forty wireline logs from wells in five Gulf Coast states were correlated to ascertain the thickness of the Pearsall Formation and delineate its three members: Pine Island Shale, James Limestone or Cow Creek Limestone, and Bexar Shale, in ascending stratigraphic order. In Florida and Alabama the Pearsall Formation is up to about 300 ft thick; in Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and East Texas, thickness is up to as much as 800 ft. Drill cuttings sampled from 11 wells at depths ranging from 4600 to 19,600 feet subsurface indicate increasingly oxygenated depositional environments (predominance of red shale) towards the eastern part of the basin. Cuttings vary widely in lithology but indicate interbedded clastics and limestones throughout the Pearsall Formation, consistent with previous regional studies. Organic petrographic and geochemical analyses of 17 cutting samples in the Pearsall Formation indicate a wide range in thermal maturity, from immature (0.43% Ro [vitrinite reflectance]) in paleo-high structural locations to the peak oil window (0.99% Ro) in the eastern portion of the Gulf Coast Basin. This is in contrast to dry gas thermal maturity throughout the Pearsall Formation in the South Texas Maverick Basin. Organic carbon content is low overall, even in immature samples, with a range of 0.17 to 1.08 wt.% by Leco in 22 Pearsall Formation samples. The pyrolysis output range was 0.23 to 2.33 mg hydrocarbon/g rock. The thermal maturity and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and organic petrologic observations from this study will be used to better focus specific areas of investigation where the Pearsall Formation may be prospective as an unconventional hydrocarbon source and reservoir.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Scott, K., Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., Dennen, K., and Lohr, C., 2012, Preliminary evaluation of the shale gas prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation in the onshore Gulf Coast region, United States: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 62, p. 93-115.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-037325","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Arkansas;Louisiana;Mississippi;Oklahoma;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.5,29.44 ], [ -100.5,34.45 ], [ -85.43,34.45 ], [ -85.43,29.44 ], [ -100.5,29.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae7e4b0e21cafa49c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Kristina","contributorId":91392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennen, Kristin","contributorId":39056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043087,"text":"70043087 - 2012 - Small-scale lacustrine drifts in Lake Champlain, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T11:19:35","indexId":"70043087","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale lacustrine drifts in Lake Champlain, Vermont","docAbstract":"High resolution CHIRP (Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse) seismic profiles reveal the presence of two lacustrine sediment drifts located in Lake Champlain's Juniper Deep. Both drifts are positive features composed of highly laminated sediments. Drift B sits on a basement high while Drift A is built on a trough-filling acoustically-transparent sediment unit inferred to be a mass-transport event. These drifts are oriented approximately north–south and are parallel to a steep ridge along the eastern shore of the basin. Drift A, located at the bottom of a structural trough, is classified as a confined, elongate drift that transitions northward to become a system of upslope asymmetric mudwaves. Drift B is perched atop a structural high to the west of Drift A and is classified as a detached elongate drift. Bottom current depositional control was investigated using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) located across Drift A. Sediment cores were taken at the crest and at the edges of the Drift A and were dated. Drift source, deposition, and evolution show that these drifts are formed by a water column shear with the highest deposition occurring along its crest and western flank and began developing circa 8700–8800 year BP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.004","usgsCitation":"Manley, P., Manley, T., Hayo, K., and Cronin, T., 2012, Small-scale lacustrine drifts in Lake Champlain, Vermont: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. Supplement 1, p. 88-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.004.","startPage":"88","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-028791","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272174,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.46,43.58 ], [ -73.46,45.08 ], [ -73.07,45.08 ], [ -73.07,43.58 ], [ -73.46,43.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e2e4b05ebc8f7cc303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, Patricia L.","contributorId":32424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manley, T.O.","contributorId":36300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"T.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayo, Kathryn","contributorId":70673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayo","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas","contributorId":12109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044202,"text":"70044202 - 2012 - Short-term survival of ammonites in New Jersey after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T09:25:25","indexId":"70044202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":642,"text":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term survival of ammonites in New Jersey after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact","docAbstract":"A section containing the Cretaceous/Paleogene (= Cretaceous/Tertiary) boundary in Monmouth County, New Jersey, preserves a record of ammonites extending from the end of the Cretaceous into possibly the beginning of the Danian. The section includes the upper part of the Tinton Formation and lower part of the Hornerstown Formation. The top of the Tinton Formation is represented by a richly fossiliferous unit (the Pinna Layer) that contains many bivalves in life position as well as ammonite jaws preserved inside body chambers. Ammonites include Pachydiscus (Neodesmoceras) mokotibensis, Sphenodiscus lobatus, Eubaculites carinatus, E. latecarinatus; Discoscaphites iris, D. sphaeroidalis; D. minardi, and D. jerseyensis. The Pinna Layer probably represents a relatively short interval of time lasting tens to hundreds of years; it is conformably overlain by the Burrowed Unit, which contains a single fragment of Discoscaphites sp. and several fragments of E. latecarinatus, as well as several isolated specimens of ammonite jaws including two of Eubaculites. Examination of the mode of preservation of the ammonites and jaws suggests that they were fossilized during deposition of the Burrowed Unit and were not reworked from older deposits. Based on the ammonites and dinoflagellates in the Pinna Layer and the Burrowed Unit, these strata traditionally would be assigned to the uppermost Maastrichtian, corresponding to calcareous nannofossil Subzone CC26b. However, a weak iridium anomaly (500–600 pg/g) is present at the base of the Pinna Layer, which presumably represents the record of the bolide impact. Correlation with the iridium layer at the Global Stratotype Section and Point at El Kef, Tunisia, would, therefore, imply that these assemblages are actually Danian, provided that the iridium anomaly is in place and the ammonites and dinoflagellates are not reworked. If the iridium anomaly is in place, or even if it has migrated downward from the top of the Pinna Layer, the ammonites would have survived the impact at this site for a brief interval of time lasting from a few days to hundreds of years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.4202/app.2011.0068","usgsCitation":"Landman, N.H., Garb, M., Rovelli, R., Ebel, D.S., and Edwards, L.E., 2012, Short-term survival of ammonites in New Jersey after the end-Cretaceous bolide impact: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 57, no. 4, p. 703-715, https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0068.","startPage":"703","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-031022","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0068"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Monmouth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.61,40.08 ], [ -74.61,40.48 ], [ -73.97,40.48 ], [ -73.97,40.08 ], [ -74.61,40.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e1e4b05ebc8f7cc2fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landman, Neil H.","contributorId":95779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garb, Matthew P.","contributorId":6355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garb","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rovelli, Remy","contributorId":99447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rovelli","given":"Remy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebel, Denton S.","contributorId":89040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Denton","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118139,"text":"70118139 - 2012 - Weather effects on avian breeding performance and implications of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T16:17:52.130167","indexId":"70118139","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:20:22","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weather effects on avian breeding performance and implications of climate change","docAbstract":"The influence of recent climate change on the world’s biota has manifested broadly, resulting in latitudinal range shifts, advancing dates of arrival of migrants and onset of breeding, and altered community relationships. Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it will likely exacerbate a broad range of identified threats to animal populations. In the past few decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American avifauna, largely due to habitat threats such as the intensification of agriculture. We examine the effects of local climatic variations on the breeding performance of a bird endemic to the shortgrass prairie, the Lark Bunting (<i>Calamospiza melanocorys</i>) and discuss the implications of our findings relative to future climate predictions. Clutch size, nest survival, and productivity all positively covaried with seasonal precipitation, yet relatively intense daily precipitation events temporarily depressed daily survival of nests. Nest survival was positively related to average temperatures during the breeding season. Declining summer precipitation may reduce the likelihood that Lark Buntings can maintain stable breeding populations in eastern Colorado although average temperature increases of up to 38C (within the range of this study) may ameliorate declines in survival expected with drier conditions. Historic climate variability in the Great Plains selects for a degree of vagility and opportunism rather than strong site fidelity and specific adaptation to local environments. These traits may lead to northerly shifts in distribution if climatic and habitat conditions become less favorable in the drying southern regions of the Great Plains. Distributional shifts in Lark Buntings could be constrained by future changes in land use, agricultural practices, or vegetative communities that result in further loss of shortgrass prairie habitats.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.1890/11-0291.1","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., and Yackel Adams, A., 2012, Weather effects on avian breeding performance and implications of climate change: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1131-1145, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0291.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1145","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pawnee National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.14764404296874,\n              40.60561205826018\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.58184814453125,\n              40.60561205826018\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.58184814453125,\n              40.99855696412671\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.14764404296874,\n              40.99855696412671\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.14764404296874,\n              40.60561205826018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f545e4b0bc0bec0a153b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A.","contributorId":15057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199665,"text":"70199665 - 2012 - Thermal maturation history of Arctic Alaska and the southern Canada Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T16:23:32","indexId":"70199665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:56:42","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Thermal maturation history of Arctic Alaska and the southern Canada Basin","docAbstract":"The emerging global focus on the oil and gas potential of the Arctic underscores the importance of understanding petroleum systems with limited data. Geohistory modeling of Arctic Alaska (including the Chukchi shelf) and the southern Canada basin indicates that regional patterns of thermal maturity and timing of petroleum generation reflect geologic processes associated with rift-opening of the Canada basin and collision orogenesis along the Brooks Range–Herald arch from Jurassic through Tertiary time. The base of the Cretaceous–Tertiary Brookian sequence provides a regional reference horizon because most oil generation occurred as the result of Brookian burial.\nIn Arctic Alaska, basal Brookian strata on the Beaufort rift shoulder grade from immature in the west to overmature in the east. From the crest of the rift shoulder, thermal maturity of basal Brookian strata increases southward into the oil window on the north flank of the Colville foreland basin and into the gas window in the foredeep. A .200-mile-wide area of immature to mature strata in the Chukchi Sea narrows eastward as the Brooks Range converges with the rift shoulder in the eastern North Slope. These patterns reflect generally low Jurassic to Tertiary sediment accommodation on the rift shoulder, large Cretaceous sediment accommodation in the Colville foredeep, and northward impingement of the Brooks Range onto the eastern part of the rift shoulder during the Tertiary.\nFewer geologic data in the Canada basin increases the uncertainty of modeling. Projection of stratigraphy from the rift shoulder, reconstruction of regional sediment dispersal patterns, and consideration of source rocks in Arctic Alaska and Canada indicate the potential for four source rocks in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. Model results indicate that all four source rocks are mature or overmature across much of the southern Canada basin. The highest thermal maturity occurs in depocenters immediately north of the rift shoulder and on the eastern margin of the study area, which is the distal Mackenzie delta. The lowest thermal maturity occurs at the northern limit of modeling, more than 200 miles north of the rift shoulder and on the western margin of the study area, adjacent to the Chukchi borderland. A potential source rock in the Lower Cretaceous likely matured during the Early Cretaceous in a western depocenter related to sediment by-pass of the Chukchi shelf, but maturation of all source rocks elsewhere occurred during the Paleogene when large volumes of sediment were shed from the Brooks Range and through the Mackenzie delta.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analyzing the thermal history of sedimentary basins: Methods and case studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.103.199","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Burns, W.M., and Bird, K., 2012, Thermal maturation history of Arctic Alaska and the southern Canada Basin, chap. <i>of</i> Analyzing the thermal history of sedimentary basins: Methods and case studies, v. Special Publication 103, p. 199-219, https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.103.199.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"219","ipdsId":"IP-012914","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.22607421875,\n              70.50657489320895\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.50146484375,\n              70.50657489320895\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.50146484375,\n              70.98655968762381\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.22607421875,\n              70.98655968762381\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.22607421875,\n              70.50657489320895\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"Special Publication 103","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10bf3de4b034bf6a7f0c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, W. Matthew","contributorId":208146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":27774,"text":"formerly with USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J.","contributorId":208143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth J.","affiliations":[{"id":27856,"text":"USGS-retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70124943,"text":"70124943 - 2012 - Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:39:59","indexId":"70124943","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:10:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Tidal marsh restoration projects that cover large areas are critical for maintaining target species, yet few large sites have been studied and their restoration trajectories remain uncertain. A tidal marsh restoration project in the northern San Francisco Bay consisting of three breached salt ponds (≥300 ha each; 1175 ha total) is one of the largest on the west coast of North America. These diked sites were subsided and required extensive sedimentation for vegetation colonization, yet it was unclear whether they would accrete sediment and vegetate within a reasonable timeframe. We conducted bathymetric surveys to map substrate elevations using digital elevation models and surveyed colonizing Pacific cordgrass (<i>Spartina foliosa</i>). The average elevation of Pond 3 was 0.96 ± 0.19 m (mean ± SD; meters NAVD88) in 2005. In 2008–2009, average pond elevations were 1.05 ± 0.25 m in Pond 3, 0.81 ± 0.26 m in Pond 4, and 0.84 ± 0.24 m in Pond 5 (means ± SD; meters NAVD88). The largest site (Pond 3; 508 ha) accreted 9.5 ± 0.2 cm (mean ± SD) over 4 years, but accretion varied spatially and ranged from sediment loss in borrow ditches and adjacent to an unplanned, early breach to sediment gains up to 33 cm in more sheltered regions. The mean elevation of colonizing <i>S. foliosa</i> varied by pond (F = 71.20, df = 84, P < 0.0001) and was significantly lower in Ponds 4 and 5 compared with Pond 3 which corresponded with greater tidal muting in those ponds. We estimated 16% of Pond 3, 13% of Pond 4, and 24% of Pond 5 were greater than or equal to the median elevation of <i>S. foliosa</i>. Our results suggest that sedimentation to elevations that enable vegetation colonization is feasible in large sites with sufficient sediment loads although may occur more slowly compared with smaller sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.01.012","usgsCitation":"Brand, L.A., Smith, L.M., Takekawa, J.Y., Athearn, N.D., Taylor, K., Shellenbarger, G., Schoellhamer, D., and Spenst, R., 2012, Trajectory of early tidal marsh restoration: elevation, sedimentation and colonization of breached salt ponds in the northern San Francisco Bay: Ecological Engineering, v. 42, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.01.012.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-027050","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa-sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area;San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5228,38.117 ], [ -122.5228,38.5148 ], [ -122.0369,38.5148 ], [ -122.0369,38.117 ], [ -122.5228,38.117 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b2ce4b082fed288b9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, L. Arriana arriana_brand@usgs.gov","contributorId":4406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"L.","email":"arriana_brand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Arriana","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Lacy M. 0000-0001-6733-1080 lmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1080","contributorId":4772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lacy","email":"lmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Athearn, Nicole D.","contributorId":71273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athearn","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Karen","contributorId":84671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spenst, Renee","contributorId":97435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spenst","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70048760,"text":"70048760 - 2012 - The spatial scale for cisco recruitment dynamics in Lake Superior during 1978-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T14:11:55","indexId":"70048760","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:03:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spatial scale for cisco recruitment dynamics in Lake Superior during 1978-2007","docAbstract":"<p><span>The cisco&nbsp;</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was once the most abundant fish species in the Great Lakes, but currently cisco populations are greatly reduced and management agencies are attempting to restore the species throughout the basin. To increase understanding of the spatial scale at which density‐independent and density‐dependent factors influence cisco recruitment dynamics in the Great Lakes, we used a Ricker stock–recruitment model to identify and quantify the appropriate spatial scale for modeling age‐1 cisco recruitment dynamics in Lake Superior. We found that the recruitment variation of ciscoes in Lake Superior was best described by a five‐parameter regional model with separate stock–recruitment relationships for the western, southern, eastern, and northern regions. The spatial scale for modeling was about 260 km (range = 230–290 km). We also found that the density‐independent recruitment rate and the rate of compensatory density dependence varied among regions at different rates. The density‐independent recruitment rate was constant among regions (3.6 age‐1 recruits/spawner), whereas the rate of compensatory density dependence varied 16‐fold among regions (range = −0.2 to −2.9/spawner). Finally, we found that peak recruitment and the spawning stock size that produced peak recruitment varied among regions. Both peak recruitment (0.5–7.1 age‐1 recruits/ha) and the spawning stock size that produced peak recruitment (0.3–5.3 spawners/ha) varied 16‐fold among regions. Our findings support the hypothesis that the factors driving cisco recruitment operate within four different regions of Lake Superior, suggest that large‐scale abiotic factors are more important than small‐scale biotic factors in influencing cisco recruitment, and suggest that fishery managers throughout Lake Superior and the entire Great Lakes basin should address cisco restoration and management efforts on a regional scale in each lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.680005","usgsCitation":"Rook, B., Hansen, M.J., and Gorman, O.T., 2012, The spatial scale for cisco recruitment dynamics in Lake Superior during 1978-2007: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 3, p. 499-514, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.680005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"514","temporalStart":"1978-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-01","ipdsId":"IP-050710","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.1122,46.41 ], [ -92.1122,49.0195 ], [ -84.3544,49.0195 ], [ -84.3544,46.41 ], [ -92.1122,46.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274cd82e4b089748f072459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rook, Benjamin J.","contributorId":34816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rook","given":"Benjamin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048044,"text":"70048044 - 2012 - Response of the North American monsoon to regional changes in ocean surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T14:20:57","indexId":"70048044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of the North American monsoon to regional changes in ocean surface temperature","docAbstract":"The North American monsoon (NAM), an onshore wind shift occurring between July and September, has evolved in character during the Holocene largely due to changes in Northern Hemisphere insolation. Published paleoproxy and modeling studies suggest that prior to ∼8000 cal years BP, the NAM affected a broader region than today, extending westward into the Mojave Desert of California. Holocene proxy SST records from the Gulf of California (GoC) and the adjacent Pacific provide constraints for this changing NAM climatology. Prior to ∼8000 cal years BP, lower GoC SSTs would not have fueled northward surges of tropical moisture up the GoC, which presently contribute most of the monsoon precipitation to the western NAM region. During the early Holocene, the North Pacific High was further north and SSTs in the California Current off Baja California were warmer, allowing monsoonal moisture flow from the subtropical Pacific to take a more direct, northwesterly trajectory into an expanded area of the southwestern U.S. west of 114°W. A new upwelling record off southwest Baja California reveals that enhanced upwelling in the California Current beginning at ∼7500 cal year BP may have triggered a change in NAM climatology, focusing the geographic expression of NAM in the southwest USA into its modern core region east of ∼114°W, in Arizona and New Mexico. Holocene proxy precipitation records from the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico, including lakes, vegetation/pollen, and caves are reviewed and found to be largely supportive of this hypothesis of changing Holocene NAM climatology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011PA002235","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Metcalfe, S.E., and Addison, J.A., 2012, Response of the North American monsoon to regional changes in ocean surface temperature: Paleoceanography, v. 27, no. 3, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002235.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-020653","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011pa002235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277388,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002235"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;New Mexico;Texas;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,20.0 ], [ -120.0,40.0 ], [ -100.0,40.0 ], [ -100.0,20.0 ], [ -120.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522af96de4b08fd0132e7a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metcalfe, Sarah E.","contributorId":103555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046826,"text":"70046826 - 2012 - Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:03:27","indexId":"70046826","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence","docAbstract":"Lava flow mapping is both an essential component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating lava flow behavior. Although maps are traditionally created through field surveys, remote sensing allows an extraordinary view of active lava flows while avoiding the difficulties of mapping on location. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, in particular, can detect changes in a flow field by comparing two images collected at different times with SAR coherence. New lava flows radically alter the scattering properties of the surface, making the radar signal decorrelated in SAR coherence images. We describe a new technique, SAR Coherence Mapping (SCM), to map lava flows automatically from coherence images independent of look angle or satellite path. We use this approach to map lava flow emplacement during the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kupaianaha eruption at Kīlauea, Hawai‘i. The resulting flow maps correspond well with field mapping and better resolve the internal structure of surface flows, as well as the locations of active flow paths. However, the SCM technique is only moderately successful at mapping flows that enter vegetation, which is also often decorrelated between successive SAR images. Along with measurements of planform morphology, we are able to show that the length of time a flow stays decorrelated after initial emplacement is linearly related to the flow thickness. Finally, we use interferograms obtained after flow surfaces become correlated to show that persistent decorrelation is caused by post-emplacement flow subsidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU and the Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1029/2011GC004016","usgsCitation":"Dietterich, H.R., Poland, M., Schmidt, D., Cashman, K., Sherrod, D.R., and Espinosa, A., 2012, Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 5, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC004016.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-035895","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc004016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274780,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GC004016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.062,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,18.9108 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30efe4b0f72b44719ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R.","contributorId":11920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, David","contributorId":7596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Espinosa, Arkin Tapia","contributorId":64977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Arkin Tapia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199752,"text":"70199752 - 2012 - USGS workshop on CO2 sequestration in unconventional reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T13:09:19","indexId":"70199752","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:09:12","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5757,"text":"Greenhouse News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"USGS workshop on CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration in unconventional reservoirs","title":"USGS workshop on CO2 sequestration in unconventional reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) held a workshop titled “CO2 Sequestration in Unconventional Reservoirs” at the National Conservation Training Center, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA, on March 28th – 29th, 2012. Currently the USGS National Geologic Carbon Sequestration Assessment estimates potential subsurface storage volumes only in the existing pore spaces of sandstones, limestones, and dolostones (Brennan and others, 2010). Other lithologies prevalent in geologic strata, such as coal, organicrich shale, basalt, and ultramafic rocks, are not included in the current assessment. These lithologies can store CO<sub>2</sub> by trapping mechanisms (sorption or mineralogic reaction) other than the buoyant and residual trapping mechanisms currently being assessed (Brennan and others, 2010). Thirty-six participants representing academia, industry, and Federal and State government agencies took part in this workshop to discuss CO<sub>2</sub> storage in unconventional reservoirs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEAGHG","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., Corum, M., and Blondes, M., 2012, USGS workshop on CO2 sequestration in unconventional reservoirs: Greenhouse News, v. 106, p. 16-18.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-037917","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357824,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://documents.ieaghg.org/index.php/s/Z9SHARQGF7ptVY5?path=%2F2012"}],"volume":"106","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10bf3de4b034bf6a7f0c79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Kevin B. 0000-0002-6386-2623 kevinjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-2623","contributorId":565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kevin","email":"kevinjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046996,"text":"70046996 - 2012 - Evaluation of capture techniques for long-billed curlews wintering in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:04:57","indexId":"70046996","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:51:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1137,"text":"Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of capture techniques for long-billed curlews wintering in Texas","docAbstract":"Texas coast harbors the largest, eastern-most populations of Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus) in North America; however, very little is known about their migration and wintering ecology. Curlews are readily captured on their breeding grounds, but experience with capturing the species during the non-breeding season is extremely limited. We assessed the efficacy of 6 capture techniques for Long-billed Curlews in winter: 1) modified noose ropes, 2) remotely controlled bow net, 3) Coda Netgun, 4) Super Talon net gun, 5) Hawkseye whoosh net, and 6) cast net. The Coda Netgun had the highest rate of captures per unit of effort (CPUE = 0.31; 4 curlew captures/13 d of trapping effort), followed by bow net (CPUE = 0.17; 1 capture/6 d of effort), whoosh net (CPUE = 0.14; 1 capturel7 d of effort), and noose ropes (CPUE = 0.07; 1 capturel15 d of effort). No curlews were captured using the Super Talon net gun or a cast net (3 d and 1 d of effort, respectively). Multiple capture techniques should be readily available for maximum flexibility in matching capture methods with neophobic curlews that often unpredictably change referred feeding locations among extremely different habitat types.","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Woodin, M.C., Skoruppa, M.K., Edwardson, J.W., and Austin, J., 2012, Evaluation of capture techniques for long-billed curlews wintering in Texas: Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society, v. 45, p. 12-22.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-033508","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70043300,"text":"70043300 - 2012 - Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T17:45:05.164699","indexId":"70043300","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon","docAbstract":"The current gold standard for soil carbon (C) determination is elemental C analysis using dry combustion. However, this method requires expensive consumables, is limited by the number of samples that can be processed (~100/d), and is restricted to the determination of total carbon. With increased interest in soil C sequestration, faster methods of analysis are needed, and there is growing interest in methods based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible, near-infrared or mid-infrared spectral ranges. These spectral methods can decrease analytical requirements and speed sample processing, be applied to large landscape areas using remote sensing imagery, and be used to predict multiple analytes simultaneously. However, the methods require localized calibrations to establish the relationship between spectral data and reference analytical data, and also have additional, specific problems. For example, remote sensing is capable of scanning entire watersheds for soil carbon content but is limited to the surface layer of tilled soils and may require difficult and extensive field sampling to obtain proper localized calibration reference values. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the present state of spectroscopic methods for determination of soil carbon.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing agricultural greenhouse gases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Walthham, MA","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6","usgsCitation":"Reeves, J.B., McCarty, G.W., Calderon, F., and Hively, W., 2012, Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon, chap. <i>of</i> Managing agricultural greenhouse gases, p. 345-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-028957","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49dfe4b0fc50304bc49c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, James B. III","contributorId":40693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calderon, Francisco","contributorId":66160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154913,"text":"70154913 - 2012 - Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-20T11:42:52","indexId":"70154913","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Examination of age structures and sex ratios is useful in the management of northern river otters (</span><i>Lontra canadensis</i><span>) and other furbearers. Reintroductions and subsequent recolonizations of river otters have been well documented, but changes in demographics between expanding and established populations have not been observed. As a result of reintroduction efforts, immigration from Arkansas and northeastern Texas, and other efforts, river otters have become partially reestablished throughout eastern and central Oklahoma. Our objective was to examine age structures of river otters in Oklahoma and identify trends that relate to space (watersheds, county) and time (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service county trapping records). We predicted that river otters in western areas of the state were younger than river otters occurring farther east. From 2005&ndash;2007, we obtained salvaged river otter carcasses from federal and state agencies, and we live-captured other river otters using leg hold traps. Seventy-two river otters were sampled. Overall, sex ratios were skewed toward females (1F∶0.8M), but they did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Teeth were removed from salvaged and live-captured river otters (n  =  63) for aging. One-year old river otters represented the largest age class (30.2%). Proportion of juveniles (&lt;1&nbsp;y old) in Oklahoma (19.0%) was less than other states. Mean age of river otters decreased from east-to-west in the Arkansas River and its tributaries. Mean age of river otters differed between the Canadian River Watershed (0.8&nbsp;y) and the Arkansas River Watershed (2.9&nbsp;y) and the Canadian River Watershed and the Red River Watershed (2.4&nbsp;y). Proportion of juveniles did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Similar to age structure variations in other mammalian carnivores, colonizing or growing western populations of river otters in Oklahoma contained younger ages than more established eastern populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.302","usgsCitation":"Barrett, D.A., and Leslie, D., 2012, Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>): American Midland Naturalist, v. 168, no. 2, p. 302-314, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.302.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030103","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ae1bafe4b066a249242285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Dominic A.","contributorId":145721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Dominic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124929,"text":"70124929 - 2012 - Range-wide patterns of migratory connectivity in the western sandpiper <i>Calidris mauri</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:14:23","indexId":"70124929","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range-wide patterns of migratory connectivity in the western sandpiper <i>Calidris mauri</i>","docAbstract":"Understanding the population dynamics of migratory animals and predicting the consequences of environmental change requires knowing how populations are spatially connected between different periods of the annual cycle. We used stable isotopes to examine patterns of migratory connectivity across the range of the western sandpiper <i>Calidris mauri</i>. First, we developed a winter isotope basemap from stable-hydrogen (δD), -carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C), and -nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotopes of feathers grown in wintering areas. δD and δ<sup>15</sup>N values from wintering individuals varied with the latitude and longitude of capture location, while δ<sup>13</sup>C varied with longitude only. We then tested the ability of the basemap to assign known-origin individuals. Sixty percent of wintering individuals were correctly assigned to their region of origin out of seven possible regions. Finally, we estimated the winter origins of breeding and migrant individuals and compared the resulting empirical distribution against the distribution that would be expected based on patterns of winter relative abundance. For breeding birds, the distribution of winter origins differed from expected only among males in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta and Nome, Alaska. Males in the Y-K Delta originated overwhelmingly from western Mexico, while in Nome, there were fewer males from western North America and more from the Baja Peninsula than expected. An unexpectedly high proportion of migrants captured at a stopover site in the interior United States originated from eastern and southern wintering areas, while none originated from western North America. In general, we document substantial mixing between the breeding and wintering populations of both sexes, which will buffer the global population of western sandpipers from the effects of local habitat loss on both breeding and wintering grounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Avian Biology","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05573.x","usgsCitation":"Franks, S., Norris, D.R., Kyser, T.K., Fernández, G., Schwarz, B., Carmona, R., Colwell, M.A., Sandoval, J.C., Dondua, A., Gates, H., Haase, B., Hodkinson, D.J., Jimenez, A., Lanctot, R.B., Ortego, B., Sandercock, B.K., Sanders, F.J., Takekawa, J.Y., Warnock, N., Ydenberg, R., and Lank, D.B., 2012, Range-wide patterns of migratory connectivity in the western sandpiper <i>Calidris mauri</i>: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 155-167, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05573.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-030068","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293809,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05573.x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b25e4b082fed288b951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franks, Samantha E.","contributorId":92979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"Samantha E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, D. Ryan","contributorId":59734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kyser, T. Kurt","contributorId":91423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernández, Guillermo","contributorId":84286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernández","given":"Guillermo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwarz, Birgit","contributorId":56169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Birgit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carmona, Roberto","contributorId":91424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmona","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colwell, Mark A.","contributorId":77067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sandoval, Jorge Correa","contributorId":15540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandoval","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"Correa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dondua, Alexey","contributorId":13907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dondua","given":"Alexey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gates, H. 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,{"id":70148684,"text":"70148684 - 2012 - A shell-neutral modeling approach yields sustainable oyster harvest estimates: a retrospective analysis of the Louisiana state primary seed grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T11:03:16","indexId":"70148684","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shell-neutral modeling approach yields sustainable oyster harvest estimates: a retrospective analysis of the Louisiana state primary seed grounds","docAbstract":"<p>A numerical model is presented that defines a sustainability criterion as no net loss of shell, and calculates a sustainable harvest of seed (&lt;75 mm) and sack or market oysters (&ge;75 mm). Stock assessments of the Primary State Seed Grounds conducted east of the Mississippi from 2009 to 2011 show a general trend toward decreasing abundance of sack and seed oysters. Retrospective simulations provide estimates of annual sustainable harvests. Comparisons of simulated sustainable harvests with actual harvests show a trend toward unsustainable harvests toward the end of the time series. Stock assessments combined with shell-neutral models can be used to estimate sustainable harvest and manage cultch through shell planting when actual harvest exceeds sustainable harvest. For exclusive restoration efforts (no fishing allowed), the model provides a metric for restoration success-namely, shell accretion. Oyster fisheries that remove shell versus reef restorations that promote shell accretion, although divergent in their goals, are convergent in their management; both require vigilant attention to shell budgets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","publisherLocation":"Plymouth, MA","doi":"10.2983/035.031.0421","collaboration":"Louisiana Sea Grant, LDWF","usgsCitation":"Soniat, T.M., Klinck, J.M., Powell, E.N., Cooper, N.W., , A., Hofmann, E.E., Dahal, J., Tu, S., Finigan, J., Eberline, B.S., La Peyre, J.F., LaPeyre, M.K., and Qaddoura, F., 2012, A shell-neutral modeling approach yields sustainable oyster harvest estimates: a retrospective analysis of the Louisiana state primary seed grounds: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1103-1112, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0421.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1103","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038815","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d2ee4b023124e8f5ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soniat, Thomas M.","contributorId":11109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soniat","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klinck, John M.","contributorId":141235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klinck","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Eric N.","contributorId":138550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Nathan W.","contributorId":141236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":" Abdelguerfi","contributorId":141237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Abdelguerfi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hofmann, Eileen E.","contributorId":55726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dahal, Janak","contributorId":141238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahal","given":"Janak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tu, Shengru","contributorId":141239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tu","given":"Shengru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Finigan, John","contributorId":141240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finigan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Eberline, Benjamin S.","contributorId":141241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberline","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Qaddoura, Fareed","contributorId":141242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qaddoura","given":"Fareed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70045861,"text":"70045861 - 2012 - Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T11:26:03","indexId":"70045861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkTitle":"Eastern Section-SSA 2012 Meeting Report","conferenceTitle":"84th annual meeting of the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America","conferenceDate":"2012-10-28T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Blacksburg, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C.H., and Boyd, O.S., 2012, Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs.","ipdsId":"IP-045589","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275207,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/84/1/139.full#sec-42"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5465e4b00ffbed48f8a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199592,"text":"70199592 - 2012 - Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T10:54:25","indexId":"70199592","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:54:18","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5755,"text":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evaluation of resources such as tight sands and gas shales requires the formulation of assessment models that are different from those used for the inference of conventional resources. Formulations in present use are based in classical statistics that ignore the partly organized and partly random geographical variation of attributes related to the occurrence of hydrocarbons. This paper is the third in a series of methodological tests aimed at enhancing the assessment of unconventional resources through more-effective use of implicit and explicit information contained in the data, more-accurate evaluation of resources, and more-informative display of results. Reprocessing of estimated-ultimate-recovery (EUR) data at the Woodford gas shale in Oklahoma shows that subdivision of the play into areas as homogeneous as possible can produce results comparable to those obtained using several variables correlated to local productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/163049-PA","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., and Garrity, C.P., 2012, Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma: SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, v. 15, no. 5, p. 554-562, https://doi.org/10.2118/163049-PA.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"562","ipdsId":"IP-038213","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma Basin","volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10bf3de4b034bf6a7f0c7b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":208099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":150415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046096,"text":"70046096 - 2012 - The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:14:35.840593","indexId":"70046096","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:54:29","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"23","title":"The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050","docAbstract":"This chapter explores four water resources issues: 1) hydrologic variability, hazards, water supply and ecosystem preservation; 2) urban landscape design; 3) non-point source water quality, and 4) climate change, resiliency, and nonstationarity.  It also considers what science, technology, and engineering practice may be needed in the coming decades to sustain water supplies and ecosystems in the face of increasing stresses from a growing demand for water.  Dealing with these four water resource issues in the highly uncertain future would will demand predictive models that are rooted in real-world data.  In a non-stationary world, continuity of observations is crucial.  All watersheds are influenced by human actions through changes in land use, water use, and climate.  The focus of water planning and management between today and 2050 will depend more than ever on collection and analysis of long-term data to learn about the evolving state of the system, understanding ecosystem processes in the water and on the landscape, and finding innovative ways to manage water as a shared resource.  This includes sharing water with our neighbors on the landscape, sharing with the other species that depend on water, and sharing with future generations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toward a sustainable water future: Visions for 2050","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784412077.ch23","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2012, The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050, chap. 23 <i>of</i> Toward a sustainable water future: Visions for 2050, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412077.ch23.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-017761","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e3ae4b0b08f4461993d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047395,"text":"70047395 - 2012 - Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Idaho cobalt belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:25:55","indexId":"70047395","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Idaho cobalt belt","docAbstract":"Cobalt-copper &plusmn; gold deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt, including the deposits of the Blackbird district, have been analyzed for their sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotope compositions to improve the understanding of ore formation. Previous genetic hypotheses have ranged widely, linking the ores to the sedimentary or diagenetic history of the host Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks, to Mesoproterozoic or Cretaceous magmatism, or to metamorphic shearing. The &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values are nearly uniform throughout the Blackbird dis- trict, with a mean value for cobaltite (CoAsS, the main cobalt mineral) of 8.0 &plusmn; 0.4‰ (<i>n</i> = 19). The data suggest that (1) sulfur was derived at least partly from sedimentary sources, (2) redox reactions involving sulfur were probably unimportant for ore deposition, and (3) the sulfur was probably transported to sites of ore for- mation as H<sub>2</sub>S. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluid, which are calculated from analyses of biotite-rich wall rocks and tourmaline, do not uniquely identify the source of the fluid; plausible sources include formation waters, metamorphic waters, and mixtures of magmatic and isotopically heavy meteoric waters. The calculated compositions are a poor match for the modified seawaters that form vol- canogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of siderite, a mineral that is widespread, although sparse, at Blackbird, suggest formation from mixtures of sedimentary organic carbon and magmatic-metamorphic carbon. The isotopic compositions of calcite in alkaline dike rocks of uncertain age are consistent with a magmatic origin. Several lines of evidence suggest that siderite postdated the emplacement of cobalt and copper, so its significance for the ore-forming event is uncertain. From the stable isotope perspective, the mineral deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt contrast with typical VMS and sedimentary exhalative deposits. They show characteristics of deposit types that form in deeper environments and could be related to metamorphic processes or magmatic processes, although the isotopic evidence for magmatic components is relatively weak.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1207","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Bookstrom, A.A., and Slack, J.F., 2012, Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Idaho cobalt belt: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1207-1221, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1207.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1221","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-028411","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275993,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1207"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Cobalt Belt","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.7502,44.9628 ], [ -114.7502,45.3514 ], [ -113.812,45.3514 ], [ -113.812,44.9628 ], [ -114.7502,44.9628 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c969e4b009d47a4c23e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046838,"text":"70046838 - 2012 - Changing climate, changing forests: the impacts of climate change on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T08:55:09","indexId":"70046838","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T08:36:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NRS-99","title":"Changing climate, changing forests: the impacts of climate change on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada","docAbstract":"Decades of study on climatic change and its direct and indirect effects on forest ecosystems provide important insights for forest science, management, and policy. A synthesis of recent research from the northeastern United States and eastern Canada shows that the climate of the region has become warmer and wetter over the past 100 years and that there are more extreme precipitation events. Greater change is projected in the future. The amount of projected future change depends on the emissions scenarios used. Tree species composition of northeast forests has shifted slowly in response to climate for thousands of years. However, current human-accelerated climate change is much more rapid and it is unclear how forests will respond to large changes in suitable habitat. Projections indicate significant declines in suitable habitat for spruce-fir forests and expansion of suitable habitat for oak-dominated forests. Productivity gains that might result from extended growing seasons and carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization may be offset by productivity losses associated with the disruption of species assemblages and concurrent stresses associated with potential increases in atmospheric deposition of pollutants, forest fragmentation, and nuisance species. Investigations of links to water and nutrient cycling suggest that changes in evapotranspiration, soil respiration, and mineralization rates could result in significant alterations of key ecosystem processes. Climate change affects the distribution and abundance of many wildlife species in the region through changes in habitat, food availability, thermal tolerances, species interactions such as competition, and susceptibility to parasites and disease. Birds are the most studied northeastern taxa. Twenty-seven of the 38 bird species for which we have adequate long-term records have expanded their ranges predominantly in a northward direction. There is some evidence to suggest that novel species, including pests and pathogens, may be more adept at adjusting to changing climatic conditions, enhancing their competitive ability relative to native species. With the accumulating evidence of climate change and its potential effects, forest stewardship efforts would benefit from integrating climate mitigation and adaptation options in conservation and management plans.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station","publisherLocation":"Newtown Square, PA","usgsCitation":"Rustad, L., Campbell, J., Dukes, J.S., Huntington, T., Lambert, K.F., Mohan, J., and Rodenhouse, N., 2012, Changing climate, changing forests: the impacts of climate change on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada: General Technical Report NRS-99, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"56","ipdsId":"IP-037757","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276835,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/41165"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Connecticut;Labrador;Maine;Massachusetts;New Brunswick;Newfoundland;New Hampshire;New York;Nova Scotia;Quebec;Rhode Island;Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Forests","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.85,40.58 ], [ -79.85,62.58 ], [ -52.4,62.58 ], [ -52.4,40.58 ], [ -79.85,40.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e15fe4b02034073ad3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rustad, Lindsey","contributorId":73493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rustad","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, John","contributorId":53283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dukes, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":61331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dukes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":81005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lambert, Kathy Fallon","contributorId":19463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"Fallon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mohan, Jacqueline","contributorId":62924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohan","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodenhouse, Nicholas","contributorId":64148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodenhouse","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032601,"text":"70032601 - 2012 - Monitoring biodegradation of ethene and bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T14:55:06","indexId":"70032601","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring biodegradation of ethene and bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)","docAbstract":"Chlorinated ethenes are commonly found in contaminated groundwater. Remediation strategies focus on transformation processes that will ultimately lead to nontoxic products. A major concern with these strategies is the possibility of incomplete dechlorination and accumulation of toxic daughter products (cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC)). Ethene mass balance can be used as a direct indicator to assess the effectiveness of dechlorination. However, the microbial processes that affect ethene are not well characterized and poor mass balance may reflect biotransformation of ethene rather than incomplete dechlorination. Microbial degradation of ethene is commonly observed in aerobic systems but fewer cases have been reported in anaerobic systems. Limited information is available on the isotope enrichment factors associated with these processes. Using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) we determined the enrichment factors associated with microbial degradation of ethene in anaerobic microcosms (ε = −6.7‰ ± 0.4‰, and −4.0‰ ± 0.8‰) from cultures collected from the Twin Lakes wetland area at the Savannah River site in Georgia (United States), and in aerobic microcosms (ε = −3.0‰ ± 0.3‰) from Mycobacterium sp. strain JS60. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, CSIA can be used to determine whether biotransformation of ethene is occurring in addition to biodegradation of the chlorinated ethenes. Using δ13C values determined for ethene and for chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated field site undergoing bioremediation, this study demonstrates how CSIA of ethene can be used to reduce uncertainty and risk at a site by distinguishing between actual mass balance deficits during reductive dechlorination and apparent lack of mass balance that is related to biotransformation of ethene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es202792x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Mundle, S., Johnson, T., Lacrampe-Couloume, G., Perez-De-Mora, A., Duhamel, M., Edwards, E., McMaster, M., Cox, E., Revesz, K., and Lollar, B.S., 2012, Monitoring biodegradation of ethene and bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes at a contaminated site using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 1731-1738, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202792x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1731","endPage":"1738","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202792x"},{"id":241655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d90e4b0c8380cd70462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundle, S.O.C.","contributorId":107112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundle","given":"S.O.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.","contributorId":45392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacrampe-Couloume, G.","contributorId":29228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacrampe-Couloume","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perez-De-Mora, A.","contributorId":46780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-De-Mora","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duhamel, M.","contributorId":17434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duhamel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, E.A.","contributorId":93713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McMaster, M.L.","contributorId":45912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMaster","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cox, E.","contributorId":77883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lollar, B. Sherwood","contributorId":106719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherwood","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70045423,"text":"70045423 - 2012 - The Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity in the Black Warrior Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T15:37:16.938094","indexId":"70045423","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity in the Black Warrior Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of well core and cuttings from the Black Warrior Basin in Mississippi reveals the presence of a Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) erosional unconformity interpreted to be equivalent to the well-known Knox-Beekmantown unconformity in eastern North America. The unconformity occurs at the top of a peritidal dolostone unit known informally as the upper dolostone, whose stratigraphic placement has been the subject of a long-standing controversy. The unconformity, which represents the Sauk-Tippecanoe megasequence boundary on the North American craton, was previously thought to be short-lived or altogether absent in the Black Warrior Basin.</p>\n<p>The unconformity is characterized by subunconformity solution pipes, solution-collapse breccias, internal sedimentation, and erosional truncation of the underlying dolostone unit. This erosional surface is veneered with sand- to pebble-size, rounded and angular lithoclasts of the underlying dolostone, and rounded and angular quartz sand and silt. Extensive secondary porosity developed in the upper dolostone below the unconformity. Although much of this porosity was later occluded by internal sedimentation and pore-filling dolomite and calcite cement, porous zones remain in the upper dolostone.</p>\n<p>Based on conodont biostratigraphy from four cores and from a previous study on cuttings from a nearby well, the unconformity is middle Whiterockian in age and likely spans most or all of the&nbsp;<i>Histiodella holodentata</i>&nbsp;Biozone.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331498M983499","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, G., and Repetski, J.E., 2012, The Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity in the Black Warrior Basin, chap. <i>of</i> The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 345-356, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331498M983499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378361,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1267/chapter/107099883/The-Middle-Ordovician-Knox-Unconformity-in-the"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Black Warrior Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.780029296875,\n              33.55970664841198\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.780029296875,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.297607421875,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.297607421875,\n              33.55970664841198\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.780029296875,\n              33.55970664841198\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dde4b00154e4368b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045422,"text":"70045422 - 2012 - Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T01:10:48.997294","indexId":"70045422","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"11","title":"Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>Exposures of Ordovician rocks of the Sauk megasequence in Missouri and northern Arkansas comprise Ibexian and lower Whiterockian carbonates with interspersed sandstones. Subjacent Cambrian strata are exposed in Missouri but confined to the subsurface in Arkansas. The Sauk-Tippecanoe boundary in this region is at the base of the St. Peter Sandstone. Ulrich and associates divided the Arkansas section into formations early in the 20th century, principally based on sparse collections of fossil invertebrates. In contrast, the distribution of invertebrate faunas and modern studies of conodonts will be emphasized throughout this chapter. Early workers considered many of the stratigraphic units to be separated by unconformities, but modern analysis calls into question the unconformable nature of some of their boundaries. The physical similarity of the several dolomites and sandstones, complex facies relations, and lack of continuous exposures make identification of individual formations difficult in isolated outcrops.</p>\n<p>The oldest formation that crops out in the region is the Jefferson City Dolomite, which may be present in outcrops along incised river valleys near the Missouri-Arkansas border. Rare fossil gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, conodonts, and trilobites permit correlation of the Cotter through Powell Dolomites with Ibexian strata elsewhere in Laurentia. Conodonts in the Black Rock Limestone Member of the Smithville Formation and the upper part of the Powell Dolomite confirm regional relationships that have been suggested for these units; those of the Black Rock Limestone Member are consistent with deposition under more open marine conditions than existed when older and younger units were forming. Brachiopods and conodonts from the overlying Everton Formation assist in interpreting complex facies within that formation and its correlation to equivalent rocks elsewhere. The youngest conodonts in the Everton Formation provide an age limit for the Sauk-Tippecanoe unconformity near the southern extremity of the great American carbonate bank. The correlation to coeval strata in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas and in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma and to rocks penetrated in wells drilled in the Reelfoot rift basin has been improved greatly in recent years by integration of biostratigraphic data with lithologic information.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331496M983496","usgsCitation":"Ethington, R.L., Repetski, J.E., and Derby, J.R., 2012, Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 275-300, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331496M983496.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299311,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER11/CHAPTER11.HTM"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dae4b00154e4368b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ethington, Raymond L.","contributorId":93507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ethington","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derby, James R.","contributorId":68207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13326,"text":"The University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044129,"text":"70044129 - 2012 - Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:38:31.792537","indexId":"70044129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"14","title":"Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southern Appalachian part of the Cambrian&ndash;Ordovician passive margin succession of the great American carbonate bank extends from the Lower Cambrian to the lower Middle Ordovician, is as much as 3.5 km (2.2 mi) thick, and has long-term subsidence rates exceeding 5 cm (2 in.)/k.y. Subsiding depocenters separated by arches controlled sediment thickness. The succession consists of five supersequences, each of which contains several third-order sequences, and numerous meter-scale parasequences. Siliciclastic-prone supersequence 1 (Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group fluvial rift clastics grading up into shelf siliciclastics) underlies the passive margin carbonates. Supersequence 2 consists of the Lower Cambrian Shady Dolomite&ndash;Rome-Waynesboro Formations. This is a shallowing-upward ramp succession of thinly bedded to nodular lime mudstones up into carbonate mud-mound facies, overlain by lowstand quartzose carbonates, and then a rimmed shelf succession capped by highly cyclic regressive carbonates and red beds (Rome-Waynesboro Formations). Foreslope facies include megabreccias, grainstone, and thin-bedded carbonate turbidites and deep-water rhythmites. Supersequence 3 rests on a major unconformity and consists of a Middle Cambrian differentiated rimmed shelf carbonate with highly cyclic facies (Elbrook Formation) extending in from the rim and passing via an oolitic ramp into a large structurally controlled intrashelf basin (Conasauga Shale). Filling of the intrashelf basin caused widespread deposition of thin quartz sandstones at the base of supersequence 4, overlain by widespread cyclic carbonates (Upper Cambrian lower Knox Group Copper Ridge Dolomite in the south; Conococheague Formation in the north). Supersequence 5 (Lower Ordovician upper Knox in the south; Lower to Middle Ordovician Beekmantown Group in the north) has a basal quartz sandstone-prone unit, overlain by cyclic ramp carbonates, that grade downdip into thrombolite grainstone and then storm-deposited deep-ramp carbonates. Passive margin deposition was terminated by arc-continent collision when the shelf was uplifted over a peripheral bulge while global sea levels were falling, resulting in the major 0- to 10-m.y. Knox&ndash;Beekmantown unconformity. The supersequences and sequences appear to relate to regionally traceable eustatic sea level cycles on which were superimposed high-frequency Milankovitch sea level cycles that formed the parasequences under global greenhouse conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331499M980271","usgsCitation":"Read, J.F., and Repetski, J.E., 2012, Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians, chap. 14 <i>of</i> The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 357-382, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331499M980271.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043201","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER14/CHAPTER14.HTM"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.25537109375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.958251953125,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.49560546875,\n              36.28856319836237\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              33.715201644740844\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.26489257812499,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.595458984375,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.233642578125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.25537109375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64d8e4b00154e4368b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, J. 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