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Many climate stations show a statistically significant increase in both average maximum and average minimum air temperature in early fall and midwinter during the last century. Concurrently, average September precipitation has decreased. In many coastal rivers, summer low flow has decreased and summer stream temperatures have increased, which affects summer rearing habitat for salmonids. Nevertheless, because vegetative cover has also changed during this time period, we cannot ascribe streamflow changes to climate change without first assessing water budgets. Although shifts in the timing of the centroid of runoff have been documented in snowmelt-dominated watersheds in the western United States, this was not the case in lower elevation coastal rivers analyzed in this study.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"The Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 26-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., 2011, Analysis of trends in climate, streamflow, and stream temperature in north coastal California, <i>in</i> Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169, Fairbanks, AK, September 26-30, 2011, p. 40-45.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030349","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/SIR11-5169_508_Session-1B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":321310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.25537109375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.420654296875,\n              42.02481360781777\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15698242187499,\n              40.83874913796459\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              39.14710270770074\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.212158203125,\n              38.57393751557591\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.025390625,\n              38.09133660751176\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2451171875,\n              37.80544394934274\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23388671874999,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.684326171875,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01391601562499,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.255615234375,\n              38.14319750166766\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.958740234375,\n              38.69408504756833\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.068603515625,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.024658203125,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.57397460937499,\n              40.16208338164619\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.49707031249999,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.27734374999999,\n              41.178653972331695\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.42016601562499,\n              41.549700145132725\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.51904296875,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25537109375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643de4b07e28b66834d5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Medley, C. 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,{"id":70171021,"text":"70171021 - 2011 - Potential climate change effects on water tables and pyrite oxidation in headwater catchments in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T12:03:16","indexId":"70171021","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-02T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential climate change effects on water tables and pyrite oxidation in headwater catchments in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>A water, energy, and biogeochemical model (WEBMOD) was constructed to simulate hydrology and pyrite oxidation for the period October 1992 through September 1997. The hydrologic model simulates processes in Loch Vale, a 6.6-km&sup2; granitic watershed that drains the east side of the Continental Divide. Parameters describing pyrite oxidation were derived sulfate concentrations measured in pore water and stream water in Handcart Gulch, a naturally acidic watershed in the Colorado Mineral Belt. Average monthly differences in precipitation and temperature between current and future climates, as predicted by using six global circulation models and three carbondioxide emission scenarios, were input into WEBMOD to identify possible shifts in the quantity and quality of the water flowing from the watershed for the period 2005 through 2100. Initial results suggest that increased air temperatures will result in earlier snowmelt compared to current conditions. Average sulfate concentrations and acidity in streams draining hydrothermally altered terrain may decrease as water tables rise in response to greater overall precipitation and earlier snowmelt, although a net increase of sulfate load was simulated as a result of greater overall discharge. Evapotranspiration is expected to increase but not enough to offset the increase in precipitation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"The Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 26-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Mast, M.A., Manning, A.H., Clow, D.W., and Campbell, D.H., 2011, Potential climate change effects on water tables and pyrite oxidation in headwater catchments in Colorado, <i>in</i> Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169, Fairbanks, AK, September 26-30, 2011, p. 23-33.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032633","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/SIR11-5169_508_Session-1B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":321311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Handcart Gulch, Loch Vale","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0677490234375,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.0677490234375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65fde4b07e28b6684a21","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Medley, C. Nicholas","contributorId":146966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Medley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, Glenn","contributorId":86476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Melanie J. mparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Melanie","email":"mparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629581,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Richard M. 0000-0001-9531-2207 rmwebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":1570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard","email":"rmwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006213,"text":"70006213 - 2011 - Forest bird monitoring protocol for strategic habitat conservation and endangered species management on O'ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Island of O'ahu, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T13:36:13","indexId":"70006213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T23:13:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report HCSU-026","title":"Forest bird monitoring protocol for strategic habitat conservation and endangered species management on O'ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Island of O'ahu, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a pilot forest bird survey and a consequent forest bird monitoring protocol that was developed for the O'ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, O'ahu Island, Hawai'i. The pilot survey was conducted to inform aspects of the monitoring protocol and to provide a baseline with which to compare future surveys on the Refuge. The protocol was developed in an adaptive management framework to track bird distribution and abundance and to meet the strategic habitat conservation requirements of the Refuge. Funding for this research was provided through a Science Support Partnership grant sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Gorresen, P.M., and Banko, P.C., 2011, Forest bird monitoring protocol for strategic habitat conservation and endangered species management on O'ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, vi, 45 p.; Appendices.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/documents/TR-026CampetalOFNWRFINALPDFsmall.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Island Of O'ahu","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a132ce4b0c8380cd54547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003800,"text":"70003800 - 2011 - Nest predation and circulating corticosterone levels within and among species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"70003800","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T22:30:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest predation and circulating corticosterone levels within and among species","docAbstract":"Variation in the risk of predation to offspring can influence the expression of reproductive strategies both within and among species. Appropriate expression of reproductive strategies in environments that differ in predation risk can have clear advantages for fitness. Although adult-predation risk appears to influence glucocorticosteroid levels, leading to changes in behavioral and life-history strategies, the influence of offspring-predation risk on adult glucocorticosteroid levels remains unclear. We compared total baseline corticosterone concentrations in Gray-headed Juncos (Junco hyemalis dorsalis) nesting on plots with and without experimentally reduced risk of nest predation. Despite differences in risk between treatments, we failed to find differences in total baseline corticosterone concentrations. When we examined corticosterone concentrations across a suite of sympatric species, however, higher risk of nest predation correlated with higher total baseline corticosterone levels. As found previously, total baseline corticosterone was negatively correlated with body condition and positively correlated with date of sampling. However, we also found that corticosterone levels increased seasonally, independent of stage of breeding. Nest predation can alter the expression of birds' reproductive strategies, but our findings suggest that total baseline corticosterone is not the physiological mechanism regulating these responses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.110027","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, J.J., Arriero, E., Schwabl, H., and Martin, T.E., 2011, Nest predation and circulating corticosterone levels within and among species: The Condor, v. 113, no. 4, p. 825-833, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.110027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"833","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474789,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.110027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.110027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647fe4b0c8380cd729dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arriero, Elena","contributorId":74122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arriero","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwabl, Hubert","contributorId":44406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwabl","given":"Hubert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003809,"text":"70003809 - 2011 - Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:46:42","indexId":"70003809","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T22:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California","docAbstract":"<p>During a recent survey for West Nile virus in wild birds around the Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge, Imperial County, California (Dusek et al. 2010), we captured a female American Kestrel (<i>Falco</i> <i>sparverius</i>) with a severe bill deformity (Figure 1). The kestrel was captured on 9 March 2006, at 08:45, approximately 0.25 km south of the intersection of Wiest and Lindsey roads (33° &nbsp;08' 42' N, 115° 26' 59' W) and 6 km east-northeast of Calipatria. It was caught on a bal-chatri trap baited with a domestic mouse (Berger and Mueller 1959), as were all the 208 kestrels captured during this study. The bird was initially perched on a high transmission line running along Wiest Road and was caught within 10 minutes of our setting the trap. In examining the bird, we observed that the maxilla beyond the cere was missing. The upper bill structure from the palatine process, which included part of the maxilla, the entire premaxilla, and the external rhamphotheca (the hardened keratin layer cover­ ing the premaxilla) was missing rostral to the bird's cere and nares (Threlfall 1968, Lucas and Stettenheim 1972, Proctor and Lynch 1993). The epidermal layer of the cere appeared to have fused over the remaining area between the nares where the upper bill normally would have been. The deformation did not appear to be recent or related to our trapping, as there were no obvious abrasions or open wounds in the region surrounding the nares and oropharynx or signs of recent trauma surrounding the oropharynx area. Both nares were clearly defined, and the tongue protruded from the open oropharynx area. After completing the physical examination, measurements, and obtaining a blood sample for testing for West Nile virus, we released the kestrel at the location of capture. After its release, we monitored the kestrel's behavior for approximately 30 minutes but did not observe any additional hunting.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Iko, W.M., and Dusek, R., 2011, Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California: Western Birds, v. 42, no. 4, p. 251-254.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d82e4b08c986b318452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iko, William M. ikob@usgs.gov","contributorId":2289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iko","given":"William","email":"ikob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038925,"text":"70038925 - 2011 - Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 2, down to earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:31:11","indexId":"70038925","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T18:40:55","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 2, down to earth","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\"><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Simplicity is the final achievement. After one has played a vast quantity of notes and more notes, it is simplicity that emerges as the crowning reward of art.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Frédéric Chopin, a musician and composer, quoted in<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">If Not God, Then What?</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by Fost<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">2007</span>)</p><p class=\"Para\">Despite the dubious developments discussed in part 1 of this Editor’s Message (Voss<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">2011</span>), groundwater modeling really does represent the state of the art in hydrogeology, and groundwater modeling is in fact one of our most powerful tools for enhancing hydrogeologic understanding and for informing management of subsurface resources, at least when in the hands of competent hydrologists.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0790-6","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., 2011, Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 2, down to earth: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1455-1458, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0790-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1458","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0790-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05aae4b0c8380cd50eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005417,"text":"70005417 - 2011 - Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 1, adrift in the details","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:28:19","indexId":"70005417","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T18:32:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 1, adrift in the details","docAbstract":"<div class=\"Para\"><blockquote class=\"BlockQuote\"><p class=\"Para\"><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Fools ignore complexity. Pragmatists suffer it. Some can avoid it. Geniuses remove it. …Simplicity does not precede complexity, but follows it.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Epigrams in Programming</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by Alan Perlis, a computer scientist; Perlis<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">1982</span>).</p></blockquote></div><p class=\"Para\">A doctoral student creating a groundwater model of a regional aquifer put individual circular regions around data points where he had hydraulic head measurements, so that each region’s parameter values could be adjusted to get perfect fit with the measurement at that point. Nearly every measurement point had its own parameter-value region. After calibration, the student was satisfied because his model correctly reproduced all of his data. Did he really get the true field values of parameters in this manner? Did this approach result in a realistic, meaningful and useful groundwater model?—truly doubtful. Is this story a sign of a common style of educating hydrogeology students these days? Where this is the case, major changes are needed to add back ‘common-sense hydrogeology’ to the curriculum. Worse, this type of modeling approach has become an industry trend in application of groundwater models to real systems, encouraged by the advent of automatic model calibration software that has no problem providing numbers for as many parameter value estimates as desired. Just because a computer program can easily create such values does not mean that they are in any sense useful—but unquestioning practitioners are happy to follow such software developments, perhaps because of an implied promise that highly parameterized models, here referred to as ‘complex’, are somehow superior. This and other fallacies are implicit in groundwater modeling studies, most usually not acknowledged when presenting results. This two-part Editor’s Message deals with the state of groundwater modeling: part 1 (here) focuses on problems and part 2 (Voss<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">2011</span>) on prospects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0789-z","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., 2011, Editor’s message: Groundwater modeling fantasies - Part 1, adrift in the details: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1281-1284, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0789-z.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1284","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0789-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a9e4b0c8380cd50ec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038921,"text":"70038921 - 2011 - Quality of our groundwater resources: Arsenic and fluoride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:24:17","indexId":"70038921","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T17:36:06","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality of our groundwater resources: Arsenic and fluoride","docAbstract":"Groundwater often contains arsenic or fluoride concentrations too high for drinking or cooking. These constituents, often naturally occurring, are not easy to remove. The right combination of natural or manmade conditions can lead to elevated arsenic or fluoride which includes continental source rocks, high alkalinity and pH, reducing conditions for arsenic, high phosphate, high temperature and high silica. Agencies responsible for safe drinking water should be aware of these conditions, be prepared to monitor, and treat if necessary.","language":"English","publisher":"BRGM","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2011, Quality of our groundwater resources: Arsenic and fluoride: Geosciences, v. 13, p. 82-87.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a90bfe4b0c8380cd7fef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038923,"text":"70038923 - 2011 - Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 2. application to hyperspectral image data from the Platte River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"70038923","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T17:25:29","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 2. application to hyperspectral image data from the Platte River","docAbstract":"This study examined the possibility of mapping depth from optical image data in turbid, sediment-laden channels. Analysis of hyperspectral images from the Platte River indicated that depth retrieval in these environments is feasible, but might not be highly accurate. Four methods of calibrating image-derived depth estimates were evaluated. The first involved extracting image spectra at survey point locations throughout the reach. These paired observations of depth and reflectance were subjected to optimal band ratio analysis (OBRA) to relate (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.596) a spectrally based quantity to flow depth. Two other methods were based on OBRA of data from individual cross sections. A fourth strategy used ground-based reflectance measurements to derive an OBRA relation (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.944) that was then applied to the image. Depth retrieval accuracy was assessed by visually inspecting cross sections and calculating various error metrics. Calibration via field spectroscopy resulted in a shallow bias but provided relative accuracies similar to image-based methods. Reach-aggregated OBRA was marginally superior to calibrations based on individual cross sections, and depth retrieval accuracy varied considerably along each reach. Errors were lower and observed versus predicted regression <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> values higher for a relatively simple, deeper site than a shallower, braided reach; errors were 1/3 and 1/2 the mean depth for the two reaches. Bathymetric maps were coherent and hydraulically reasonable, however, and might be more reliable than implied by numerical metrics. As an example application, linear discriminant analysis was used to produce a series of depth threshold maps for characterizing shallow-water habitat for roosting cranes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR010592","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C.J., Kinzel, P.J., and Overstreet, B.T., 2011, Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 2. application to hyperspectral image data from the Platte River: Water Resources Research, v. 47, 21 p.; W09532, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010592.","productDescription":"21 p.; W09532","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258171,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010592","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfde4b0c8380cd529aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J.","contributorId":85819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overstreet, Brandon T. 0000-0001-7845-6671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6671","contributorId":63257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038922,"text":"70038922 - 2011 - Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 1. Field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-26T21:22:33.593748","indexId":"70038922","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T17:13:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 1. Field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modeling","docAbstract":"Remote sensing offers an efficient means of mapping bathymetry in river systems, but this approach has been applied primarily to clear-flowing, gravel bed streams. This study used field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modeling to assess the feasibility of spectrally based depth retrieval in a sand-bed river with a higher suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and greater water turbidity. Attenuation of light within the water column was characterized by measuring the amount of downwelling radiant energy at different depths and calculating a diffuse attenuation coefficient, <i>K<sub>d</sub></i>. Attenuation was strongest in blue and near-infrared bands due to scattering by suspended sediment and absorption by water, respectively. Even for red wavelengths with the lowest values of <i>K<sub>d</sub></i>, only a small fraction of the incident light propagated to the bed, restricting the range of depths amenable to remote sensing. Spectra recorded above the water surface were used to establish a strong, linear relationship (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.949) between flow depth and a simple band ratio; even under moderately turbid conditions, depth remained the primary control on reflectance. Constraints on depth retrieval were examined via numerical modeling of radiative transfer within the atmosphere and water column. SSC and sensor radiometric resolution limited both the maximum detectable depth and the precision of image-derived depth estimates. Thus, although field spectra indicated that the bathymetry of turbid channels could be remotely mapped, model results implied that depth retrieval in sediment-laden rivers would be limited to shallow depths (on the order of 0.5 m) and subject to a significant degree of uncertainty.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR010591","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C.J., Kinzel, P.J., and Overstreet, B.T., 2011, Evaluating the potential for remote bathymetric mapping of a turbid, sand-bed river: 1. Field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modeling: Water Resources Research, v. 47, W09531, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010591.","productDescription":"W09531, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfce4b0c8380cd529a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J.","contributorId":85819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overstreet, Brandon T. 0000-0001-7845-6671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6671","contributorId":63257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005626,"text":"70005626 - 2011 - An evaluation of the Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for use with pseudo-replicated count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-03T01:02:04","indexId":"70005626","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:15:20","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2463,"text":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for use with pseudo-replicated count data","docAbstract":"The N-mixture model proposed by Royle in 2004 may be used to approximate the abundance and detection probability of animal species in a given region. In 2006, Royle and Dorazio discussed the advantages of using a Bayesian approach in modelling animal abundance and occurrence using a hierarchical N-mixture model. N-mixture models assume replication on sampling sites, an assumption that may be violated when the site is not closed to changes in abundance during the survey period or when nominal replicates are defined spatially. In this paper, we studied the robustness of a Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for pseudo-replicated count data. Our simulation results showed that the Bayesian estimates for abundance and detection probability are slightly biased when the actual detection probability is small and are sensitive to the presence of extra variability within local sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00949655.2011.572881","usgsCitation":"Toribo, S., Gray, B., and Liang, S., 2011, An evaluation of the Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for use with pseudo-replicated count data: Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, v. 82, no. 8, p. 1135-1143, https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2011.572881.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1143","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259086,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2011.572881","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"82","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea53e4b0c8380cd487ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toribo, S.G.","contributorId":6314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toribo","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liang, S.","contributorId":54767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003753,"text":"70003753 - 2011 - An automated device for provoking and capturing wildlife calls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T13:49:01","indexId":"70003753","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:14:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated device for provoking and capturing wildlife calls","docAbstract":"Some animals exhibit call-and-response behaviors that can be exploited to facilitate detection. Traditionally, acoustic surveys that use call-and-respond techniques have required an observer's presence to perform the broadcast, record the response, or both events. This can be labor-intensive and may influence animal behavior and, thus, survey results. We developed an automated acoustic survey device using commercially available hardware (e.g., laptop computer, speaker, microphone) and an author-created (JS) software program (\"HOOT\") that can be used to survey for any animal that calls. We tested this device to determine 1) deployment longevity, 2) effective sampling area, and 3) ability to detect known packs of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA. Our device was able to broadcast and record twice daily for 6&ndash;7 days using the internal computer battery and surveyed an area of 3.3&ndash;17.5 km<sup>2</sup> in relatively open habitat depending on the hardware components used. We surveyed for wolves at 2 active rendezvous sites used by closely monitored, radiocollared wolf packs and obtained 4 responses across both packs over 3 days of sampling. We confirmed reproduction in these 2 packs by detecting pup howls aurally from the resulting device recordings. Our device can broadcast and record animal calls and the computer software is freely downloadable. This automated survey device can be used to collect reliable data while reducing the labor costs traditionally associated with acoustic surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/wsb.80","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D., Skrivseth, J., and Mitchell, M.S., 2011, An automated device for provoking and capturing wildlife calls: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 35, no. 4, p. 498-503, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.80.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"503","ipdsId":"IP-027039","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499887,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3fd130327d04fc791d70f1a345ab5ef","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.80","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1fe4b0c8380cd48657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David E.","contributorId":51441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrivseth, Jesse","contributorId":65321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivseth","given":"Jesse","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006173,"text":"70006173 - 2011 - The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-30T11:53:48.626617","indexId":"70006173","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth","docAbstract":"<p><span>Humans and their ancestors are unique in being a fire‐making species, but ‘natural’ (i.e. independent of humans) fires have an ancient, geological history on Earth. Natural fires have influenced biological evolution and global biogeochemical cycles, making fire integral to the functioning of some biomes. Globally, debate rages about the impact on ecosystems of prehistoric human‐set fires, with views ranging from catastrophic to negligible. Understanding of the diversity of human fire regimes on Earth in the past, present and future remains rudimentary. It remains uncertain how humans have caused a departure from ‘natural’ background levels that vary with climate change. Available evidence shows that modern humans can increase or decrease background levels of natural fire activity by clearing forests, promoting grazing, dispersing plants, altering ignition patterns and actively suppressing fires, thereby causing substantial ecosystem changes and loss of biodiversity. Some of these contemporary fire regimes cause substantial economic disruptions owing to the destruction of infrastructure, degradation of ecosystem services, loss of life, and smoke‐related health effects. These episodic disasters help frame negative public attitudes towards landscape fires, despite the need for burning to sustain some ecosystems. Greenhouse gas‐induced warming and changes in the hydrological cycle may increase the occurrence of large, severe fires, with potentially significant feedbacks to the Earth system. Improved understanding of human fire regimes demands: (1) better data on past and current human influences on fire regimes to enable global comparative analyses, (2) a greater understanding of different cultural traditions of landscape burning and their positive and negative social, economic and ecological effects, and (3) more realistic representations of anthropogenic fire in global vegetation and climate change models. We provide an historical framework to promote understanding of the development and diversification of fire regimes, covering the pre‐human period, human domestication of fire, and the subsequent transition from subsistence agriculture to industrial economies. All of these phases still occur on Earth, providing opportunities for comparative research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x","usgsCitation":"Bowman, D.M., Balch, J., Artaxo, P., Bond, W.J., Cochrane, M.A., D'Antonio, C., Johnston, F.H., DeFries, R., Keeley, J.E., Krawchuk, M.A., Kull, C.A., Mack, M., Moritz, M., Pyne, S., Roos, C.I., Scott, A.C., Sodhi, N.S., and Swetnam, T., 2011, The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 12, p. 2223-2236, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2223","endPage":"2236","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacc0e4b08c986b3236fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowman, David M. J. S.","contributorId":26803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M. J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balch, Jennifer","contributorId":70532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balch","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artaxo, Paulo","contributorId":10540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Artaxo","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochrane, Mark A.","contributorId":20884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"D'Antonio, Carla M.","contributorId":27992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D'Antonio","given":"Carla M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, Fay H.","contributorId":64377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Fay","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeFries, Ruth","contributorId":84064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeFries","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg A.","contributorId":13366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kull, Christian A.","contributorId":14941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kull","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mack, Michelle","contributorId":98031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mack","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moritz, Max A.","contributorId":57586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moritz","given":"Max A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pyne, Stephen","contributorId":61145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyne","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Roos, Christopher I.","contributorId":51009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roos","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Scott, Andrew C.","contributorId":43487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sodhi, Navjot S.","contributorId":64788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sodhi","given":"Navjot","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":90455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70004502,"text":"70004502 - 2011 - Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-17T01:01:48","indexId":"70004502","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:10:17","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for ecosystem services","docAbstract":"Ecosystems can shift between alternative states characterized by persistent differences in structure, function, and capacity to provide ecosystem services valued by society. We examined empirical evidence for alternative states in a semiarid grassland ecosystem where topographic complexity and contrasting management regimes have led to spatial variations in levels of livestock grazing. Using an inventory data set, we found that plots (n = 72) cluster into three groups corresponding to generalized alternative states identified in an a priori conceptual model. One cluster (biocrust) is notable for high coverage of a biological soil crust functional group in addition to vascular plants. Another (grass-bare) lacks biological crust but retains perennial grasses at levels similar to the biocrust cluster. A third (annualized-bare) is dominated by invasive annual plants. Occurrence of grass-bare and annualized-bare conditions in areas where livestock have been excluded for over 30 years demonstrates the persistence of these states. Significant differences among all three clusters were found for percent bare ground, percent total live cover, and functional group richness. Using data for vegetation structure and soil erodibility, we also found large among-cluster differences in average levels of dust emissions predicted by a wind-erosion model. Predicted emissions were highest for the annualized-bare cluster and lowest for the biocrust cluster, which was characterized by zero or minimal emissions even under conditions of extreme wind. Results illustrate potential trade-offs among ecosystem services including livestock production, soil retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Improved understanding of these trade-offs may assist ecosystem managers when evaluating alternative management strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00027.1","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.E., Belote, R.T., Bowker, M.A., and Garman, S.L., 2011, Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for ecosystem services: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 5, 18 p.; Article 55, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00027.1.","productDescription":"18 p.; Article 55","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488009,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00027.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00027.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e981e4b0c8380cd4831c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belote, R. Travis","contributorId":39634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004532,"text":"70004532 - 2011 - Stress conditions inferable from modern magnitudes: development of a model of fault maturity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-27T01:01:43","indexId":"70004532","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:48:46","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stress conditions inferable from modern magnitudes: development of a model of fault maturity","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.5","usgsCitation":"Choy, G., 2011, Stress conditions inferable from modern magnitudes: development of a model of fault maturity, chap. <i>of</i> New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b54e4b08c986b31cde9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bormann, P.","contributorId":113979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508241,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wendt, S.","contributorId":74854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508240,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Choy, George L.","contributorId":77959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"George L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003612,"text":"70003612 - 2011 - Differences in macroinvertebrate community structure in streams and rivers with different hydrologic regimes in the semi-arid Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:52:29","indexId":"70003612","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:45:27","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3302,"text":"River Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in macroinvertebrate community structure in streams and rivers with different hydrologic regimes in the semi-arid Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquatic macroinvertebrates are sensitive to changes in their chemical and physical environment, and as such, serve as excellent indicators of overall ecosystem health. Moreover, temporal and spatial differences in macroinvertebrate community structure can be used to investigate broad issues in aquatic science, such as the hypothesis that changes in climate are likely to have disproportionately large effects on small, intermittent stream ecosystems. We quantified macroinvertebrate community structure and abiotic conditions at ten stream sites with different dominant hydrologic regimes in the Colorado Plateau, ranging from small, intermittent desert streams to large perennial mountain rivers. Considerable differences were observed in community structure between sites with differing hydrologic regimes. Quantitative results of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and Spearman rank correlations between physical habitat and macroinvertebrate resemblance matrices indicate that discharge, geomorphic channel unit type (% pools vs. % riffles), percent of substrate composed of sand, and velocity were the subset of measured habitat variables that best explained the differences in macroinvertebrate community structure among sites. Of the 134 taxa identified, nine taxa explained 95 % of the variability in community structure between sites. These results add to a growing base of knowledge regarding the functioning of lotic ecosystems in the Colorado Plateau, and provide timely information on anticipated changes in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems in response to predicted future environmental conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","doi":"10.1127/1868-5749/2011/019-0017","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., and Brasher, A., 2011, Differences in macroinvertebrate community structure in streams and rivers with different hydrologic regimes in the semi-arid Colorado Plateau: River Systems, v. 19, no. 3, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1127/1868-5749/2011/019-0017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00efe4b0c8380cd4f9d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004593,"text":"70004593 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of Thailand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:45:31.951856","indexId":"70004593","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:38:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2983,"text":"PTIT Focus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of Thailand","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean volumes of 1.6 billion barrels of undiscovered conventional oil and 17 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in three geologic provinces of Thailand using a geology-based methodology. Most of the undiscovered conventional oil and gas resource is estimated to be in the area known as offshore Thai Basin province.","language":"English","publisher":"Petroleum Institute of Thailand","publisherLocation":"Bangkok, Thailand","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of Thailand: PTIT Focus, v. 25, no. 7, p. 38-42.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Thailand","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[102.58493,12.18659],[101.68716,12.64574],[100.83181,12.62708],[100.97847,13.41272],[100.0978,13.40686],[100.01873,12.307],[99.47892,10.84637],[99.15377,9.96306],[99.2224,9.23926],[99.87383,9.20786],[100.27965,8.29515],[100.45927,7.42957],[101.01733,6.85687],[101.62308,6.74062],[102.14119,6.22164],[101.81428,5.81081],[101.15422,5.69138],[101.07552,6.20487],[100.2596,6.64282],[100.08576,6.46449],[99.69069,6.84821],[99.51964,7.34345],[98.98825,7.90799],[98.50379,8.38231],[98.33966,7.79451],[98.15001,8.35001],[98.25915,8.97392],[98.55355,9.93296],[99.03812,10.96055],[99.58729,11.89276],[99.19635,12.80475],[99.21201,13.26929],[99.09776,13.8275],[98.43082,14.62203],[98.19207,15.1237],[98.53738,15.3085],[98.90335,16.17782],[98.49376,16.83784],[97.85912,17.56795],[97.3759,18.44544],[97.79778,18.62708],[98.25372,19.7082],[98.95968,19.75298],[99.54331,20.1866],[100.11599,20.41785],[100.54888,20.10924],[100.60629,19.50834],[101.28201,19.46258],[101.03593,18.40893],[101.05955,17.5125],[102.11359,18.1091],[102.413,17.93278],[102.99871,17.96169],[103.20019,18.30963],[103.95648,18.24095],[104.71695,17.42886],[104.77932,16.44186],[105.58904,15.57032],[105.54434,14.72393],[105.21878,14.27321],[104.28142,14.41674],[102.98842,14.22572],[102.3481,13.39425],[102.58493,12.18659]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Thailand\"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee6ee4b0c8380cd49d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Chris 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":106765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048357,"text":"70048357 - 2011 - Offshore sand-shoal development and evolution of Petit Bois Pass, Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T15:34:04","indexId":"70048357","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Offshore sand-shoal development and evolution of Petit Bois Pass, Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"Assessment of recently collected geophysical and sediment-core data identifies an extensive shoal field located off Dauphin and Petit Bois Islands. The shoals are the product of Pleistocene fluvial deposition and Holocene marine-transgressive processes, and their position and orientation oblique to the modern shoreline has been stable over the past century. The underlying stratigraphy has also influenced the evolution of the barrier platform and inlets. Buried distributary channels bisect the platform, creating erosion hotspots that breach during intense and repeated storms. Inlet growth inhibits littoral transport, and over time, reduces the down-drift sand supply. These relations demonstrate the role of the antecedent geologic framework on morphologic evolution. This study is part of the USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project and the USACE Mississippi Coastal Improvements Program. These projects produced a wealth of information regarding coastal geology, geomorphology, and physical resources; some of the initial results are presented here.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2011","conferenceDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814355537_0163","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kelso, K.W., Twichell, G.C., Buster, N.A., and Baehr, J.N., 2011, Offshore sand-shoal development and evolution of Petit Bois Pass, Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands, Mississippi, USA, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0163.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2170","endPage":"2183","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-026526","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0163"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island;Gulf Of Mexico;Petit Bois Island;Petit Bois Pass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.795,29.8044 ], [ -88.795,30.5995 ], [ -87.797,30.5995 ], [ -87.797,29.8044 ], [ -88.795,29.8044 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53870570e4b0aa26cd7b53e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rosati, Julie D.","contributorId":112486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosati","given":"Julie D.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ping","contributorId":78646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ping","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Tiffany M.","contributorId":114195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, Gregory C.","contributorId":13146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baehr, John N.","contributorId":85884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004767,"text":"70004767 - 2011 - Use of stable isotopes and mercury to assess trophic positions of black carp and other large fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River system, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"70004767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of stable isotopes and mercury to assess trophic positions of black carp and other large fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River system, Louisiana, USA","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Asian Carps in North America: American Fisheries Society Symposium 74","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., Demopoulos, A., Gualtieri, D., and Wieser, C., 2011, Use of stable isotopes and mercury to assess trophic positions of black carp and other large fishes in the Red-Atchafalaya River system, Louisiana, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Invasive Asian Carps in North America: American Fisheries Society Symposium 74, p. 105-119.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Red-atchafalaya River System","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf84e4b08c986b329be4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chapman, D.C.","contributorId":101825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508258,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoff, M.H.","contributorId":95439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508257,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.","contributorId":85049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demopoulos, A. 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":69426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gualtieri, D.","contributorId":87422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gualtieri","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieser, C. 0000-0002-4342-444X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-444X","contributorId":78286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005248,"text":"70005248 - 2011 - A new strategy for developing Vs<sub>30</sub> maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T23:41:55","indexId":"70005248","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:52:43","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"A new strategy for developing Vs<sub>30</sub> maps","docAbstract":"Despite obvious limitations as a proxy for site amplification, the use of time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the top 30m (Vs<sub>30</sub>) is useful and widely practiced, most notably through its use as an explanatory variable in ground motion prediction equations (and thus hazard maps and ShakeMaps, among other applications). Local, regional, and global Vs<sub>30</sub> maps thus have diverse and fundamental uses in earthquake and engineering seismology. As such, we are developing an improved strategy for producing Vs<sub>30</sub> maps given the common observational constraints available in any region for various spatial scales. We investigate a hierarchical approach to mapping Vs<sub>30</sub>, where the baseline model is derived from topographic slope because it is available globally, but geological maps and Vs<sub>30</sub> observations contribute, where available. Using the abundant measured Vs<sub>30</sub> values in Taiwan as an example, we analyze Vs<sub>30</sub> versus slope per geologic unit and observe minor trends that indicate potential interaction of geologic and slope terms. We then regress Vs<sub>30</sub> for the geologic Vs<sub>30</sub> medians, topographic-slope, and cross-term coefficients for a hybrid model. The residuals of this hybrid model still exhibit a strong spatial correlation structure, so we use the kriging-with-a-trend method (the trend is the hybrid model) to further refine the Vs<sub>30</sub> map so as to honor the Vs<sub>30</sub> observations. Unlike the geology or slope models alone, this strategytakes advantage of the predictive capabilities of the two models, yet effectively defaults to ordinary kriging in the vicinity of the observed data, thereby achieving consistency with the observed data.","conferenceTitle":"4th IASPEI/IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion","conferenceDate":"23-AUG-11","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Santa Barbara","publisherLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., McWhirter, L., Thompson, E., and Hering, A.S., 2011, A new strategy for developing Vs<sub>30</sub> maps, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://esg4.eri.ucsb.edu/sites/esg4.eri.ucsb.edu/files/6.5%20Wald%20et%20al.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b7e4b0c8380cd46885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McWhirter, Leslie","contributorId":104332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWhirter","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric","contributorId":33410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hering, Amanda S.","contributorId":29258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hering","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004848,"text":"70004848 - 2011 - If the creeks don't rise: the May 2010 Flood in Nashville","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-05T01:01:49","indexId":"70004848","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:43:15","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"If the creeks don't rise: the May 2010 Flood in Nashville","docAbstract":"The aftermath, recovery, and lessons of the future following a major flood that inundated the greater Nashville area one year ago are the subjects of this article. The authors discuss what led up to the event, its impacts, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent or diminish the reoccurrence of such flooding in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Impact","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Wolfe, W., and Ladd, D.E., 2011, If the creeks don't rise: the May 2010 Flood in Nashville: Water Resources Impact, v. 13, no. 2, p. 9-12.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Nashville","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3860e4b0c8380cd61550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, David E. 0000-0002-9247-7839 deladd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7839","contributorId":1646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"David","email":"deladd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005783,"text":"70005783 - 2011 - Ranavirus outbreaks in amphibian populations of northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T10:57:22.593376","indexId":"70005783","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:42:54","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranavirus outbreaks in amphibian populations of northern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Ranavirus outbreaks, caused by pathogens in the genus Ranavirus (Family Iridoviridae), were the largest single cause of reported amphibian mass mortality events in the United States from 1996&ndash;2001 (Green et al. 2002). Mortality events associated with ranaviruses have been documented on five continents and throughout the latitudes and elevations where amphibians occur (Gray et al. 2009). However, the threat of ranaviruses to amphibian and reptile populations in specific regions is still largely unknown (Chinchar 2002; Gray et al. 2009).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Russell, D.M., Goldberg, C.S., Sprague, L., Waits, L.P., Green, D.E., Schuler, K., and Rosenblum, E.B., 2011, Ranavirus outbreaks in amphibian populations of northern Idaho: Herpetological Review, v. 42, no. 2, p. 223-225.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025216","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Latah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"577\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Latah\",\"state\":\"ID\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-116.3267,47.0231],[-116.3263,47.007],[-116.3265,46.9919],[-116.3261,46.9772],[-116.3264,46.9625],[-116.3266,46.9478],[-116.3282,46.9326],[-116.3278,46.9188],[-116.3274,46.9046],[-116.327,46.8904],[-116.3273,46.8752],[-116.3269,46.861],[-116.3264,46.8463],[-116.327,46.8183],[-116.3266,46.8036],[-116.3268,46.7881],[-116.3267,46.7582],[-116.3269,46.7431],[-116.3265,46.7284],[-116.3261,46.7133],[-116.3263,46.6991],[-116.3266,46.6853],[-116.3264,46.6293],[-116.4566,46.6289],[-116.5479,46.6299],[-116.5611,46.6297],[-116.5724,46.63],[-116.5889,46.6297],[-116.5995,46.63],[-116.6042,46.6318],[-116.6141,46.6316],[-116.6161,46.6302],[-116.6252,46.6282],[-116.6271,46.6255],[-116.6336,46.6212],[-116.6388,46.6166],[-116.6432,46.6124],[-116.6531,46.6104],[-116.6641,46.6047],[-116.6687,46.6014],[-116.6745,46.5967],[-116.6802,46.5911],[-116.6829,46.5915],[-116.6945,46.584],[-116.6989,46.5775],[-116.702,46.5688],[-116.7068,46.5559],[-116.7144,46.5452],[-116.7679,46.5452],[-117.0386,46.5437],[-117.0401,46.8597],[-117.0413,47.104],[-117.0414,47.1284],[-117.03,47.1286],[-117.0154,47.1312],[-117.0034,47.1305],[-116.9893,47.128],[-116.9819,47.1263],[-116.9772,47.1241],[-116.9738,47.1227],[-116.9724,47.1214],[-116.9655,47.1155],[-116.9634,47.1137],[-116.9627,47.1115],[-116.9652,47.1068],[-116.9683,47.1017],[-116.9766,47.0914],[-116.9732,47.0888],[-116.9629,47.0807],[-116.9593,47.0743],[-116.9552,47.0707],[-116.9518,47.0685],[-116.9484,47.0681],[-116.9465,47.069],[-116.9426,47.0714],[-116.9348,47.0766],[-116.929,47.084],[-116.919,47.0833],[-116.9123,47.082],[-116.8922,47.0778],[-116.8902,47.0769],[-116.8812,47.0692],[-116.8743,47.0629],[-116.8594,47.054],[-116.8533,47.0509],[-116.8486,47.0496],[-116.8419,47.0483],[-116.8331,47.0457],[-116.8329,47.0411],[-116.8321,47.0356],[-116.8108,47.0355],[-116.7695,47.0353],[-116.7697,47.0404],[-116.7264,47.0397],[-116.7058,47.0396],[-116.6486,47.0396],[-116.628,47.0399],[-116.6073,47.0397],[-116.5221,47.0392],[-116.4988,47.0386],[-116.4589,47.0382],[-116.4584,47.0222],[-116.4192,47.0227],[-116.3939,47.0231],[-116.3706,47.0229],[-116.3507,47.0232],[-116.3267,47.0231]]]}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9491e4b0c8380cd814ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Danelle M.","contributorId":52022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Danelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, Laura","contributorId":63259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, D. Earl david_green@usgs.gov","contributorId":75883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"david_green@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten L.","contributorId":11869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenblum, Erica Bree","contributorId":104330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"Bree","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003676,"text":"70003676 - 2011 - Diet overlap of top-level predators in recent sympatry: bull trout and nonnative lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"70003676","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:41:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet overlap of top-level predators in recent sympatry: bull trout and nonnative lake trout","docAbstract":"The establishment of nonnative lake trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> in lakes containing lacustrine&ndash;adfluvial bull trout <i>Salvelinus confluentus</i> often results in a precipitous decline in bull trout abundance. The exact mechanism for the decline is unknown, but one hypothesis is related to competitive exclusion for prey resources. We had the rare opportunity to study the diets of bull trout and nonnative lake trout in Swan Lake, Montana during a concomitant study. The presence of nonnative lake trout in Swan Lake is relatively recent and the population is experiencing rapid population growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diets of bull trout and lake trout during the early expansion of this nonnative predator. Diets were sampled from 142 bull trout and 327 lake trout during the autumn in 2007 and 2008. Bull trout and lake trout had similar diets, both consumed <i>Mysis diluviana</i> as the primary invertebrate, especially at juvenile stages, and kokanee <i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i> as the primary vertebrate prey, as adults. A diet shift from primarily <i>M. diluviana</i> to fish occurred at similar lengths for both species, 506 mm (476&ndash;545 mm, 95% CI) for bull trout and 495 mm (470&ndash;518 mm CI) for lake trout. These data indicate high diet overlap between these two morphologically similar top-level predators. Competitive exclusion may be a possible mechanism if the observed overlap remains similar at varying prey densities and availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/012011-JFWM-004","usgsCitation":"Guy, C.S., McMahon, T., Fredenberg, W.A., Smith, C.J., Garfield, D.W., and Cox, B.S., 2011, Diet overlap of top-level predators in recent sympatry: bull trout and nonnative lake trout: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 183-189, https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474795,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-jfwm-004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Swan Lake","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d7e4b0c8380cd4f954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":93548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredenberg, Wade A.","contributorId":78860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredenberg","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Clinton J.","contributorId":8322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garfield, David W.","contributorId":43613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garfield","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Benjamin S.","contributorId":105158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005947,"text":"70005947 - 2011 - The fate and transport of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:25:27.891767","indexId":"70005947","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fate and transport of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Agricultural contamination of groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA, has not been studied extensively, and subsurface fluxes of agricultural chemicals have been presumed minimal. To determine the factors controlling transport of nitrate-N into the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to estimate fluxes of water and solutes for a site in the Bogue Phalia basin (1,250 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>). Water-quality data were collected from a shallow water-table well, a vertical profile of temporary sampling points, and a nearby irrigation well. Nitrate was detected within 4.4 m of the water table but was absent in deeper waters with evidence of reducing conditions and denitrification. Recharge estimates from 6.2 to 10.9 cm/year were quantified using water-table fluctuations, a Cl</span><sup>–</sup><span>&nbsp;tracer method, and atmospheric age-tracers. A mathematical advection-reaction model predicted similar recharge to the aquifer, and also predicted that 15% of applied nitrogen is leached into the saturated zone. With current denitrification and application rates, the nitrate-N front is expected to remain in shallow groundwater, less than 6–9 m deep. Increasing application rates resulting from intensifying agricultural demands may advance the nitrate-N front to 16–23 m, within the zone of groundwater pumping.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0748-8","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Green, C.T., and Coupe, R.H., 2011, The fate and transport of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1239-1252, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0748-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1252","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.395751953125,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.395751953125,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              32.41706632846282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf6e4b08c986b3231a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004938,"text":"70004938 - 2011 - The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:21:18.971284","indexId":"70004938","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>A long-handled, double-headed garden rake was used to collect submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) and compared to in-boat visual inspection to record species presence at 67 individual sites. Six rake subsamples were taken at each site and a rake density rating was given to each species collected in the subsamples. Presence at the site, frequency of occurrence in the six rake samples, and additive density rating (the sum of the six rake density ratings) were quantified for each species at each site. The validity of the indices was tested against biomass data collected by clipping all remaining vegetation from the 67 sites. In the turbid water of the Mississippi River, visual inspection of SAV from boats was ineffective with only 27% of the species detected, while raking retrieved on average 70% of the total number of submersed species in the 67 sites. Presence of species at individual sites was correlated with biomass from&nbsp;</span><i>Stuckenia pectinata</i><span>, while frequency of occurrence and additive density rating were correlated with biomass for species with greater than 21&nbsp;g of total biomass from all sites. The efficiency of the rake to collect biomass varied among species; only 18% of total biomass was captured via raking the site six times. Additive density rating as an index of abundance can be used to detect temporal changes in the same water body; however, cross-species comparison is not encouraged unless the efficiency of the rake has been determined for each species being compared.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0817-y","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., and Kreiling, R.M., 2011, The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River: Hydrobiologia, v. 675, no. 1, p. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0817-y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Navigation Pool 8, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.27853393554688,\n              43.56944681061758\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22291564941406,\n              43.56944681061758\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22291564941406,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27853393554688,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27853393554688,\n              43.56944681061758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"675","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babdce4b08c986b323117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Yao yyin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Yao","email":"yyin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":4234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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