We determined the prolonged swimming performance of two size-classes of northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis at 12 and 18°C. The percentage of fish fatigued was positively related to water velocity and best described by an exponential model. At 12°C, the velocity at which 50% of the fish fatigued (FV50) was estimated to be 2.91 fork lengths per second (FL/s; 100 cm/s) for medium-sized fish (30–39 cm) and 2.45 FL/s (104 cm/s) for large fish (40–49 cm). At 18°C, estimated FV50 was 3.12 FL/s (107 cm/s) for medium fish and 2.65 FL/s (112 cm/s) for large fish. Rate of change in percent fatigue was affected by fish size and water temperature. Large fish fatigued at a higher rate than medium-sized fish; all fish fatigued faster at 12 than at 18°C. The mean times to fatigue at velocities of 102–115 cm/s ranged from 14 to 28 min and were not affected by fish size or water temperature. Our results indicate that water velocities from 100 to 130 cm/s may exclude or reduce predation by northern squawfish around juvenile salmonid bypass outfalls at Columbia River dams, at least during certain times of the year. We recommend that construction or modification of juvenile salmonid bypass facilities place the outfall in an area of high water velocity and distant from eddies, submerged cover, and littoral areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(0)122<1104:PSPONS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., and Olson, T.M., 1993, Prolonged swimming performance of northern squawfish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1104-1110, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(0)122<1104:PSPONS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1104","endPage":"1110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 49.01412527805786\n ],\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 44.77025605659105\n ],\n [\n -116.95972607862396,\n 44.77025605659105\n ],\n [\n -116.95972607862396,\n 49.01412527805786\n ],\n [\n -125.65623974647107,\n 49.01412527805786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905efbe4b072a7ac0cada9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Todd M.","contributorId":178862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187189,"text":"70187189 - 1993 - An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:32:45","indexId":"70187189","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water","docAbstract":"The accumulation of soil water during rainfall events and the subsequent depletion of soil water by evaporation between storms can be described, to first order, by simple accounting models. When the alternating supplies (precipitation) and demands (potential evaporation) are viewed as random variables, it follows that soil-water storage, evaporation, and runoff are also random variables. If the forcing (supply and demand) processes are stationary for a sufficiently long period of time, an asymptotic regime should eventually be reached where the probability distribution functions of storage, evaporation, and runoff are stationary and uniquely determined by the distribution functions of the forcing. Under the assumptions that the potential evaporation rate is constant, storm arrivals are Poisson-distributed, rainfall is instantaneous, and storm depth follows an exponential distribution, it is possible to derive the asymptotic distributions of storage, evaporation, and runoff analytically for a simple balance model. A particular result is that the fraction of rainfall converted to runoff is given by (1 - R−1)/(eα(1−R−1) − R−1), in which R is the ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean rainfall and a is the ratio of soil water-holding capacity to mean storm depth. The problem considered here is analogous to the well-known problem of storage in a reservoir behind a dam, for which the present work offers a new solution for reservoirs of finite capacity. A simple application of the results of this analysis suggests that random, intraseasonal fluctuations of precipitation cannot by themselves explain the observed dependence of the annual water balance on annual totals of precipitation and potential evaporation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01934","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1993, An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 11, p. 3755-3758, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01934.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3755","endPage":"3758","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014665,"text":"1014665 - 1993 - Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T15:35:05.528935","indexId":"1014665","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"We used biotelemetry to study the movements of 23 adult shortnose sturgeons Acipenser brevirostrum and 23 subadult Atlantic sturgeons Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus in the lower 46 km of the Merrimack River between 1987 and 1990. Shortnose sturgeons used two freshwater reaches and one saline reach annually. Sexually mature fish began moving upriver from freshwater wintering areas to a spawning site in April, when increasing river temperature reached about 7°C and decreasing river discharge reached about 570 m3/s. Following spawning in late April–early May, fish moved downriver either to a freshwater reach where they remained all year or farther downriver to a saline reach where they remained for up to 6 weeks. After fish used the saline reach, they returned upriver to fresh water. Atlantic sturgeons entered the river from coastal waters by mid–late May, when increasing river temperatures reached 14.8–19.0°C and decreasing river discharge reached 303–675 m3/s, occupying a saline reach with 0.0–27.5‰ salinity. After using the same saline reach visited briefly in spring by shortnose sturgeons, Atlantic sturgeons emigrated from the river by October when maximum river temperatures were 13.0–18.4°C. We observed no tagged Atlantic sturgeons in the river in successive years. Except for use of the saline reach during spring, the two species were spatially separate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1088:AMOSAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, M., and Kynard, B., 1993, Annual movements of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons the Merrimack River, Massachusetts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 6, p. 1088-1103, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1088:AMOSAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1088","endPage":"1103","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.29164189556406,\n 42.70618623129391\n ],\n [\n -71.44703716105965,\n 42.695249712422665\n ],\n [\n -71.44932093480999,\n 42.6528233128552\n ],\n [\n -71.2322013940998,\n 42.65069572150384\n ],\n [\n -71.00131196175228,\n 42.753944471641034\n ],\n [\n -70.76130754350807,\n 42.800126318850005\n ],\n [\n -70.81620424072358,\n 42.867183854671424\n ],\n [\n -70.88938690496796,\n 42.8789393579728\n ],\n [\n -71.03052301295558,\n 42.865922056076855\n ],\n [\n -71.06564363799819,\n 42.80914055676836\n ],\n [\n -71.16021834863986,\n 42.8227631748571\n ],\n [\n -71.18706571994487,\n 42.74265202920765\n ],\n [\n -71.25535764395633,\n 42.74456747391726\n ],\n [\n -71.29164189556406,\n 42.70618623129391\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b9f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, M.C. 0000-0001-9310-018X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":26259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188695,"text":"70188695 - 1993 - The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T07:28:52","indexId":"70188695","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality","conferenceDate":"February 21-24, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Kolpin, D., 1993, Regional assessment of factors related to herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinent, Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality, Minneapolis, MN, February 21-24, 1993.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0c1e4b0f59b85d6aac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185441,"text":"70185441 - 1993 - Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:48:22","indexId":"70185441","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","docAbstract":"This paper describes laboratory and field experiments which were conducted to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene (TCE) as it volatilized from contaminated groundwater and diffused in the presence of infiltrating water through the unsaturated soil zone to the land surface. The field experiments were conducted at the Picatinny Arsenal, which is part of the United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. In both laboratory and field settings the gas and water phase concentrations of TCE were not in equilibrium during infiltration. Gas-water mass transfer rate constants were calibrated to the experimental data using a model in which the water phase was treated as two phases: a mobile water phase and an immobile water phase. The mass transfer limitations of a volatile organic compound between the gas and liquid phases were described explicitly in the model. In the laboratory experiment the porous medium was nonsorbing, and water infiltration rates ranged from 0.076 to 0.28 cm h−1. In the field experiment the water infiltration rate was 0.34 cm h−1, and sorption onto the soil matrix was significant. The laboratory-calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 3.3×10−4 h−1 for an infiltration rate of 0.076 cm h−1 and 1.4×10−3 h−1 for an infiltration rate of 0.28 cm h−1. The overall mass transfer rate coefficients, incorporating the contribution of mass transfer between mobile and immobile water phases and the variation of interfacial area with moisture content, range from 3×10−4 h−1 to 1×10−2 h−1. A power law model relates the gas-water mass transfer rate constant to the infiltration rate and the fraction of the water phase which is mobile. It was found that the results from the laboratory experiments could not be extrapolated to the field. In order to simulate the field experiment the very slow desorption of TCE from the soil matrix was incorporated into the mathematical model. When desorption from the soil matrix was added to the model, the calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that predicted using the power law model developed for the nonsorbing laboratory soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01414","usgsCitation":"Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J., 1993, Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3329-3342, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01414.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3329","endPage":"3342","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cho, H. Jean","contributorId":189545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cho","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Peter R.","contributorId":22503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185433,"text":"70185433 - 1993 - Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:47:09","indexId":"70185433","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis","docAbstract":"Many researchers have used freezing as an effective, short-term, water sample preservation method for subsequent nutrient analysis. In this study, filtered samples held at −16±2°C for 4–8 years were reanalyzed for orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia. Orthophosphate and ammonia concentrations decreased by 0.2 μg P/L and 5 μg N/L, respectively, at mean concentrations of 69.4 μg P/L and 246 μg N/L. Nitrate plus nitrite increased by 1.1 μg N/L at a mean concentration of 139.1 μg N/L. An anaerobic well sample proved to be unsuitable for freezing because it lost significant amounts of orthophosphate during the freezing process. None of the differences observed over long periods of frozen storage were more than twice the estimated standard deviation of the analytical methods used in the study. The small changes observed demonstrate the effectiveness of frozen storage as a means of nutrient preservation in water samples that are unaffected by the freezing process itself.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01684","usgsCitation":"Avanzino, R.J., and Kennedy, V.C., 1993, Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonia analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3357-3362, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01684.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3357","endPage":"3362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199739,"text":"70199739 - 1993 - Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T14:03:42","indexId":"70199739","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-10T14:03:01","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992","docAbstract":"The onset of anomalous seismic activity in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain on the southwestern rim of the Long Valley caldera, California, was followed within ∼4 months by a large increase in 3He/4He in vapor discharged from a fumarole on the north side of the mountain. The helium isotopic ratio at this vent rose to a maximum of 6.7 RA in July 1990 and subsequently declined to values near 5 RA. Potential sources of the 3He‐rich vapors include degassing of fresh magma, degassing from fresh surfaces generated in newly fractured igneous rocks, and volatile release from a 3He‐rich gas chamber situated above previously emplaced intrusives. The magnitude of the increase in helium isotopic composition (from 3.8 to 6.7 RA), the persistence of relatively high values (>5 RA) over a period of 3 years, the increase in the flux of total He relative to gases in air‐saturated water, and the increases in the rates of discharge of steam and gas from this fumarole indicate that magmatic intrusion did in fact begin in 1989 beneath Mammoth Mountain. Seismic activity and limited measurements of extensional deformation at the surface suggest that the depth of intrusion may be as shallow as 2 km, consistent with the prompt appearance of increased 3He/4He ratios in the fumarolic gas, and that the intrusive process may have persisted for ∼1 year. In contrast, a similar combination of magmatic intrusion and anomalous seismic activity beneath the resurgent dome‐south moat region during the 1989–1991 period resulted in at most relatively small changes in 3He/4 He in fumarolic discharge at the southern edge of the resurgent dome. The more subdued response may result from a combination of greater intrusive depths and greater dilution of 3He‐rich inputs to thermal fluid reservoirs in the shallow hydrothermal system in this area compared with Mammoth Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93JB00703","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Kennedy, B.M., Evans, W., Farrar, C.D., and Suemnicht, G., 1993, Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 98, no. B9, p. 15871-15889, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00703.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"15871","endPage":"15889","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","volume":"98","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1de4b034bf6a8194e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. M.","contributorId":97638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, W.C. wcevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":147909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"W.C.","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":746421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suemnicht, G.A.","contributorId":11339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suemnicht","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128518,"text":"70128518 - 1993 - Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T11:43:02.761837","indexId":"70128518","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T10:37:07","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations","docAbstract":"Shorebirds represent a highly diverse group of species, many of which experience tremendous energy demands associated with long-distance migratory flights. Transcontinental migrants are dependent upon dynamic freshwater wetlands for stopover resources essential for replenishment of lipid reserves and completion of migration. Patterns of shorebird migration across midcontinental wetlands were detected from migration reports to American Birds and information provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service national wildlife refuges. Patterns in species composition and abundance varied geographically, emphasizing the uniqueness of different regions to migrating shorebirds. Smaller species and neotropical migrants moved primarily across the Great Plains, whereas larger species and North American migrants predominated in assemblages in the intermountain west Shorebirds were broadly dispersed in wetland habitats with dynamic water regimes. Whereas populations of shorebirds in coastal systems appear to concentrate at sites of seasonally predictable and abundant food resources, we propose that transcontinental shorebirds disperse and use wetlands opportunistically. This migration system exemplifies the need for large-scale, coordinated regional management efforts that recognize the dynamic nature of ecosystem processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030533.x","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., and Knopf, F.L., 1993, Toward conservation of midcontinental shorebird migrations: Conservation Biology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 533-541, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030533.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3dde4b08a816ca636a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":45650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205390,"text":"70205390 - 1993 - Midwest water quality project matures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T16:41:27","indexId":"70205390","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T09:17:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5861,"text":"Agricultural Research","printIssn":"0002-161X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midwest water quality project matures","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Department of Agriculture","issn":"0002-161X","usgsCitation":"Comis, D., Hardin, B., and Cooke, L., 1993, Midwest water quality project matures: Agricultural Research.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Ohio","city":"Columbus, Piketon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.08685302734375,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -83.06900024414062,\n 39.15136267949029\n ],\n [\n -83.0621337890625,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -82.88360595703125,\n 39.07464374293251\n ],\n [\n -82.88635253906248,\n 39.63848002167708\n ],\n [\n -82.84652709960937,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -82.85751342773437,\n 40.006579667838636\n ],\n [\n -83.08685302734375,\n 40.00447583427404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Comis, D","contributorId":219015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comis","given":"D","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardin, B","contributorId":219016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardin","given":"B","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Linda","contributorId":219017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":771027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186708,"text":"70186708 - 1993 - Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:32:49","indexId":"70186708","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography","docAbstract":"An ostracode data base consisting of 273 samples from coretops and comprising 226 species was developed for the seas around the Japanese Islands to determine zoogeographic patterns and for application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography in the area. Quantitative analyses of the 59 most common taxa between 0 and 300m water depth indicate that ostracode associations are controlled by the main oceanic water masses around Japan and that bottom water temperature is a key factor influencing species distributions. Ostracodes from the following water masses were studied: warm Kuroshio Current, Tsushima Current (Tsugaru Current and Soya Current), Japan Sea intermediate water, Japan Sea proper water and cold Oyashio Current. In order to apply the modem coretop data base to fossil ostracode assemblages, the modem analog technique (MAT) using a squared chord distance (SCD) measure of dissimilarity was tested as a means of comparing fossil and modem assemblages. SCD values of 0.25 or less adequately identify modem analogs from the coretop data set at the local ecological level (i.e. within the same modern bay), while values of 0.25-0.5 identify modem analogs at the level of the zoogeographic province. The MAT method was tested against 3 Pliocene and 11 Pleistocene formations in Japan to examine the use of the MAT in paleoceanographic reconstruction.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Micropaleontology Project., Inc.","doi":"10.2307/1485900","usgsCitation":"Ikeya, N., and Cronin, T.M., 1993, Quantitative analysis of Ostracoda and water masses around Japan: Application to Pliocene and Pleistocene paleoceanography: Micropaleontology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 263-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485900.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"263","endPage":"281","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ikeya, Noriyuki","contributorId":101026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeya","given":"Noriyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185444,"text":"70185444 - 1993 - A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T20:15:44","indexId":"70185444","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem is developed in the spirit of Naff (1990). The new derivation is more general and simpler than previous analysis. The fast Fourier transformation is used extensively to obtain numerical estimates of the mean concentration and various spatial moments. Data from both the Borden and Cape Cod experiments are used to test the methodology. Results are comparable to results obtained by other methods, and to the experiments themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01236","usgsCitation":"Deng, F., Cushman, J., and Delleur, J., 1993, A Fast Fourier transform stochastic analysis of the contaminant transport problem: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 9, p. 3241-3247, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01236.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"3241","endPage":"3247","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deng, F.W.","contributorId":189654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, J.H.","contributorId":113886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delleur, J.W.","contributorId":189655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delleur","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185456,"text":"70185456 - 1993 - Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:38:17","indexId":"70185456","displayToPublicDate":"1993-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells","docAbstract":"Factors that affect the mass of chemical constituents entering a well include the distributions of flow rate and chemical concentrations along and near the screened or open section of the well. Assuming a layered porous medium (with each layer being characterized by a uniform hydraulic conductivity and chemical concentration), a knowledge of the flow from each layer along the screened zone and of the chemical concentrations in each layer enables the total mass entering the well to be determined. Analyses of hypothetical systems and a site at Galloway, NJ, provide insight into the temporal variation of water-quality data observed when withdrawing water from screened wells in heterogeneous ground-water systems.
The analyses of hypothetical systems quantitatively indicate the cause-and-effect relations that cause temporal variability in water samples obtained from wells. Chemical constituents that have relatively uniform concentrations with depth may not show variations in concentrations in the water discharged from a well after the well is purged (evacuation of standing water in the well casing). However, chemical constituents that do not have uniform concentrations near the screened interval of the well may show variations in concentrations in the well discharge water after purging because of the physics of ground-water flow in the vicinity of the screen.
Water-quality samples were obtained through time over a 30 minute period from a site at Galloway, NJ. The water samples were analyzed for aromatic hydrocarbons, and the data for benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene were evaluated for temporal variations. Samples were taken from seven discrete zones, and the flow-weighted concentrations of benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene all indicate an increase in concentration over time during pumping. These observed trends in time were reproduced numerically based on the estimated concentration distribution in the aquifer and the flow rates from each zone.
The results of the hypothetical numerical experiments and the analysis of the field data both corroborate the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity in the aquifer on water-quality samples obtained from wells. If temporal variations in concentrations of chemical constituents are observed, they may indicate variability in the ground-water system being sampled, which may give insight into the chemical distributions within the aquifer and provide guidance in the positioning of new sampling devices or wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00854.x","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Gibs, J., 1993, Effects of physical and chemical heterogeneity on water-quality samples obtained from wells: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 5, p. 805-813, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00854.x.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"805","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206238,"text":"70206238 - 1993 - Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T12:34:48","indexId":"70206238","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-31T12:25:22","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers","docAbstract":"Electromagnetic (EM) logging provides an efficient method for high‐resolution, vertical delineation of electrically conductive contamination in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifers. LM. gamma, and lithologic logs and specific conductance data from sand‐and‐gravel aquifers at five sites in the northeastern United States were analyzed to define the relation of KM conductivity to aquifer lithology and water quality. Municipal waste disposal, septic waste discharge, or highway deicing salt application at these sites has caused contaminant plumes in which the dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance of ground water exceed background levels by as much as 10 to 20 limes.
The major hydrogeologic factors that affected KM log response at the five sites were the dissolved solids concentration of the ground water and the silt and clay content in the aquifer. KM conductivity of sand and gravel with uncontaminated water ranged from less than 5 to about 10 millisiemens per meter (mS/m); that of silt and clay zones ranged from about 15 to 45 mS/m: and that of the more highly contaminated zones in sand and gravel ranged from about 10 to more than 80 mS/m. Specific conductance of water samples from screened intervals in sand and gravel at selected monitoring well installations was significantly correlated with KM conductivity.
CM logging can be used in glacial sand‐and‐gravel aquifer investigations to (1) determine optimum depths for the placement of monitoring well screens: (2) provide a nearly continuous vertical profile of specific conductance to complement depth‐specific water quality samples; and (3) identify temporal changes in water quality through sequential logging. Detailed lithologic or gamma logs, preferably both, need to be collected along with the F.M logs to define zones in which elevated EM conductivity is caused by the presence of sill and clay beds rather than contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":" National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00082.x","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Lapham, W.W., and Barringer, T.H., 1993, Application of electromagnetic logging to contamination investigations in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 13, no. 3, p. 129-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00082.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1230724","text":"External Repository"},{"id":368613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont","city":"Albany. Bristol, Farmington, Orleans, Wareham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.56724159136565\n ],\n [\n -73.69216918945312,\n 42.56724159136565\n ],\n [\n -73.69216918945312,\n 42.712209603842425\n ],\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.712209603842425\n ],\n [\n -73.82881164550781,\n 42.56724159136565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.098187914865576\n ],\n [\n -73.0374526977539,\n 44.098187914865576\n ],\n [\n -73.0374526977539,\n 44.157331901887815\n ],\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.157331901887815\n ],\n [\n -73.1301498413086,\n 44.098187914865576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -72.76725769042967,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -72.76725769042967,\n 41.73699134552827\n ],\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.73699134552827\n ],\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 41.701627343789205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.77924884467945\n ],\n [\n -69.96797561645508,\n 41.77924884467945\n ],\n [\n -69.96797561645508,\n 41.80497386705762\n ],\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.80497386705762\n ],\n [\n -70.0023078918457,\n 41.77924884467945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -70.6805419921875,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -70.6805419921875,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -70.75538635253905,\n 41.734429390721\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113710,"text":"70113710 - 1993 - Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:43:15","indexId":"70113710","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:34:20","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies","docAbstract":"Environmental modelers are testing and evaluating a prototype land cover characteristics database for the conterminous United States developed by the EROS Data Center of the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies. This database was developed from multi temporal, 1-kilometer advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data for 1990 and various ancillary data sets such as elevation, ecological regions, and selected climatic normals. Several case studies using this database were analyzed to illustrate the integration of satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies with land-atmosphere interactions models at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The case studies are representative of contemporary environmental simulation modeling at local to regional levels in global change research, land and water resource management, and environmental simulation modeling at local to regional levels in global change research, land and water resource management and environmental risk assessment. The case studies feature land surface parameterizations for atmospheric mesoscale and global climate models; biogenic-hydrocarbons emissions models; distributed parameter watershed and other hydrological models; and various ecological models such as ecosystem, dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, ecotone variability, and equilibrium vegetation models. The case studies demonstrate the important of multi temporal AVHRR data to develop to develop and maintain a flexible, near-realtime land cover characteristics database. Moreover, such a flexible database is needed to derive various vegetation classification schemes, to aggregate data for nested models, to develop remote sensing algorithms, and to provide data on dynamic landscape characteristics. The case studies illustrate how such a database supports research on spatial heterogeneity, land use, sensitivity analysis, and scaling issues involving regional extrapolations and parameterizations of dynamic land processes within simulation models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Steyaert, L.T., Loveland, T., Brown, J., and Reed, B.C., 1993, Integration of environmental simulation models with satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies: case studies: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 407-417.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7750e4b0abf75cf2c0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":85123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113709,"text":"70113709 - 1993 - An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T11:32:47","indexId":"70113709","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T11:28:43","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data","docAbstract":"A data set compiled to analyze vegetation indices is used to evaluate the effect of atmospheric correction to AVHRR measurement in the solar spectrum. Such corrections include cloud screening and \"clear sky\" corrections. We used the \"clouds from AVHRR\" (CLAVR) method for cloud detection and evaluated its performance over vegetated targets. Clear sky corrections, designed to reduce the effects of molecular scattering and absorption due to ozone, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and molecular oxygen, were applied to data values determine to be cloud free. Generally, it was found that the screening and correction of the AVHRR data did not affect the maximum NDVI compositing process adversely, while at the same time improving estimates of the land-surface radiances over a compositing period.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D., and Hood, J.J., 1993, An evaluation of atmospheric corrections to advanced very high resolution radiometer data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 397-403.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7627e4b0abf75cf2beaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Joy J. jhood@usgs.gov","contributorId":5510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"Joy","email":"jhood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113704,"text":"70113704 - 1993 - Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T10:59:39","indexId":"70113704","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-24T10:49:35","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3018,"text":"Pecora 12 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in cooperation with several international science organizations has developed techniques for processing daily Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data of the entire global land surface. These techniques include orbital stitching, geometric rectification, radiometric calibration, and atmospheric correction.
\nAn orbital stitching algorithm was developed to combine consecutive observations acquired along an orbit by ground receiving stations into contiguous half-orbital segments.
\nThe geometric rectification process uses an AVHRR satellite model that contains modules for forward mapping, forward terrain correction, and inverse mapping with terrain correction. The correction is accomplished by using the hydrologic features coastlines and lakes from the Digital Chart of the World. These features are rasterized into the satellite projection and are matched to the AVHRR imagery using binary edge correlation techniques. The resulting coefficients are related to six attitude correction parameters: roll, roll rate, pitch, pitch rate, yaw, and altitude. The image can then be precision corrected to a variety of map projections and user-selected image frames.
\nBecause the AVHRR lacks onboard calibration for the optical wavelengths, a series of time-variant calibration coefficients derived from vicarious calibration methods and are used to model the degradation profile of the instruments.
\nReducing atmospheric effects on AVHRR data is important. A method has been develop that will remove the effects of molecular scattering and absorption from clear sky observations, using climatological measurements of ozone. Other methods to remove the effects of water vapor and aerosols are being investigated.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 12 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., Steinwand, D.R., Wivell, C.E., Hollaren, D.M., and Meyer, D., 1993, Processing techniques for global land 1-km AVHRR data: Pecora 12 Symposium, p. 214-222.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f6e4b0abf75cf2c605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wivell, Charles E.","contributorId":65010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wivell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollaren, Douglas M.","contributorId":78253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollaren","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128719,"text":"70128719 - 1993 - Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (Gila ditaenia) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T10:33:47","indexId":"70128719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-22T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (Gila ditaenia) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Physical characteristics and persistence of macrohabitat used by different life stages of Sonora chub (Gila ditaenia) were determined by repeatedly measuring distinct reaches in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in 1990 and 1991. At the beginning of summer drought, habitats occupied by adult Sonora chub were deeper and larger than areas with only immature fish and unoccupied areas. The medians of maximum depth were 47.0 cm (1990) and 39.7 cm (1991) for habitats with adults, 21.3 cm (1990) and 22.9 cm (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 14.6 cm (1990) and 19.7 cm (1991) for unoccupied areas. At the end of summer drought, adults occupied habitats that were deeper and larger, and the percent decrease in area and depth was less than areas containing only immature fish or no fish. The medians of percent decrease in maximum depth were 13% (1990) and 21% (1991) for habitats with adults, 48% (1990) and 41% (1991) for habitats with only immature fish, and 42% (1990) and 33% (1991) for unoccupied areas. By the end of summer drought, habitats with only immature fish were not physically different from unoccupied areas. Loss of total surface area was highest in reaches that contained only immature fish or no fish (range = 36% to 94%). Most Sonora chub lost from evaporating surface waters were immature fish. Ephemeral and unoccupied areas had higher percentages of floating cover and coarser substrates than persistent, occupied areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J., and Maughan, O., 1993, Macrohabitat of Sonora Chub (Gila ditaenia) in Sycamore Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295257,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664866"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizon","county":"Santa Cruz County","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b2be4b0fd76af69cf1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":47710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maughan, O. Eugene","contributorId":26641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O. Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017396,"text":"70017396 - 1993 - Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-13T16:35:55.671481","indexId":"70017396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes","docAbstract":"The inorganic geochemistry and mineralogy of three cores from the Anderson-Dietz 1 coal bed, a 15.2-m-thick subbituminous coal bed in the Tongue River Member (Paleocene) of the Fort Union Formation, were examined (1) to determine if the cores could be correlated by geochemical composition alone over a total distance of 2 km and (2) to identify the major factors that influenced the geochemistry of the coal bed. Chemical data (46 elements on a coal-ash basis) for 81 coal samples and 4 carbonaceous rock samples, with most samples representing a 0.6-m-thick (2-ft) interval of core, were grouped into compositional clusters by means of cluster analysis. Seven major clusters were produced; two of these clusters can be used to correlate the coal bed throughout the study area. Data from scanning electron and optical microscope analyses indicate that several factors influenced the geochemistry of the Anderson-Dietz 1 coal bed. The majority of mineral grains in the coal bed are interpreted to be detrital (water borne); evidence includes the presence of rounded to subrounded quartz grains having two-phase, aqueous fluid inclusions characteristic of hydrothermal or low-to-moderate grade metamorphic quartz. These quartz grains are found throughout the coal bed but are most abundant in samples from the midpart of the bed, which was influenced by detrital input associated with the deposition of the clastic rocks that form the split between the Anderson and Dietz 1 coal beds 900 m to the east of the study area. In addition to the detrital minerals mentioned above, volcanic ash that was fluvially transported to the sites of peat deposition or possibly deposited as air-fall volcanic ash also affected the geochemistry of the coal bed. For example, crandallite(?), a mineral reported to form as an alteration product of volcanic ash, is found in seven samples from the coal bed. The presence of quartz grains containing silicate-melt inclusions in eight samples from the coal bed.provides further support for a volcanic ash component. Other factors that probably affected the geochemistry of the coal bed include (1) detrital input associated with the deposition of the roof rocks of the coal bed, (2) peat-forming processes and plant material, and (3) epigenetic ground-water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(93)90067-L","usgsCitation":"Crowley, S.S., Ruppert, L., Belkin, H.E., Stanton, R., and Moore, T., 1993, Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River Basin: Volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 843-853, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90067-L.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"853","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.18328120738457,\n 45.184712018144495\n ],\n [\n -107.18328120738457,\n 44.80397957213873\n ],\n [\n -106.13642425027534,\n 44.80397957213873\n ],\n [\n -106.13642425027534,\n 45.184712018144495\n ],\n [\n -107.18328120738457,\n 45.184712018144495\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eabe4b0c8380cd53577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":118763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, T.A.","contributorId":91101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127918,"text":"70127918 - 1993 - Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T13:55:52","indexId":"70127918","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T13:41:11","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge-Prairie Learning Center (Walnut Creek or the Refuge) is one of the newest additions to the National Wildlife Refuge System, which consists of over 480 units throughout the United States operated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service). Located about 20 miles east of Des Moines, Iowa, the Refuge has an approved acquisition boundary containing 8,654 acres (Figure 1). Acquisition is from willing sellers only, and to date the Service has purchased approximately 5,000 acres. The acquisition boundary encompasses about 43% of the watershed of Walnut Creek, which bisects the Refuge and drains into the Des Moines River to the southeast. Approximately 25%-30% of the Walnut Creek watershed is downstream of the Refuge.
\nAs authorized by Congress in 1990, the purposes of the Refuge are to (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1992):
\n• restore native tallgrass pairie, wetland, and woodland habitats for breeding and migratory waterfowl and resident wildlife;
\n• serve as a major environmental education center providing opportunities for study;
\n• provide outdoor recreation benefits to the public; and
\n• provide assistance to local landowners to improve their lands for wildlife habitat.
\nTo implement these purposes authorized by Congress, the Refuge has established the goal of recreating as nearly as possible the natural communities that existed at the time of settlement by Euro-Americans (circa 1840). Current land use is largely agricultural, including 69% cropland, 17% grazed pasture, and 7.5% grassland (dominantly brome) enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program). About 1,395 acres of relict native communities also exist on the Refuge, including prairie (725 acres), oak savanna and woodland (450 acres), and riparian or wetland areas (220 acres). Some of these relicts are highly restorable; others contain only a few prairie plants in a matrix of brome and will be more difficult to restore. When the process of restoration (management and enhancement of existing remnant communities) and reconstruction (reestablishment of native communities on agricultural sites) is completed, it is anticipated that the Refuge will consist of approximately 5,900 acres of prairie, 2,000 acres of oak savanna or woodland, and 750 acres of wetland and riparian communities. Ecological restoration and reconstruction at this scale in the tallgrass prairie ecosystem is unprecedented in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., and Hamilton, D.B., 1993, Monitoring and research at Walnut Creek National Wildlife Refuge, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6970e4b092f17df5a957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157531,"text":"70157531 - 1993 - Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T16:32:46.596959","indexId":"70157531","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","docAbstract":"Rainfall runoff samples were collected from streets, parking lots, roofs, driveways, and lawns. These five source areas are located in residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in Madison, Wisconsin. Solids, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads were determined for all the source areas using measured concentrations and runoff volumes estimated by the Source Load and Management Model. Source areas with relatively large contaminant loads were identified as critical source areas for each land use.
\nStreets are critical source areas for most contaminants in all the land uses. Parking lots are critical in the commercial and industrial land uses. Lawns and driveways contribute large phosphorus loads in the residential land use. Roofs produce significant zinc loads in the commercial and industrial land uses.
\nIdentification of critical source areas could reduce the amount of area needing best-management practices in two areas of Madison, Wisconsin. Targeting best-management practices to 14% of the residential area and 40% of the industrial area could significantly reduce contaminant loads by up to 75%.
","language":"English","publisher":"The International Water Association","doi":"10.2166/wst.1993.0426","issn":"0273-1223","usgsCitation":"Bannerman, R., Owens, D., Dodds, R., and Hornewer, N.J., 1993, Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater: Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 3-5, p. 241-259, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0426.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"259","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.49188232421875,\n 43.02974913459804\n ],\n [\n -89.49188232421875,\n 43.11752534252065\n ],\n [\n -89.31541442871094,\n 43.11752534252065\n ],\n [\n -89.31541442871094,\n 43.02974913459804\n ],\n [\n -89.49188232421875,\n 43.02974913459804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703de4b058f706e51961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bannerman, R.T.","contributorId":92304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodds, R.B.","contributorId":147964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186215,"text":"70186215 - 1993 - Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T14:46:05","indexId":"70186215","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2391,"text":"Journal of Micropalaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific","docAbstract":"Chapman’s (1910) Pseudocythere funafutiensis from 1924m off Funafuti, western Pacific is redescribed and illustrated together with additional Pleistocene and Recent material from the Coral and Tasman seas. A new paradoxostomatid genus, Glyphidocythere, is described to accommodate it and two other species yet to be formally described from the Banda Sea, eastern Indonesia. The genus is apparently restricted to the marine slope environment of low (less than 20°) southern latitudes. In the Coral and Tasman seas G. funafutiensis occurs within a narrow bathyal depth range (955m to 1754m) coincident with the Antarctic Intermediate Water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/jm.12.1.77","usgsCitation":"Ayress, M., Correge, T., and Whatley, R., 1993, Glyphidocythere, a new deep marine, paradoxostomatid (Ostracoda) from the Quaternary and recent of the Indo-Pacific: Journal of Micropalaeontology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.77.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.77","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayress, M.A.","contributorId":190239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayress","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Correge, T.","contributorId":190240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Correge","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whatley, R.C.","contributorId":85211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whatley","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187466,"text":"70187466 - 1993 - Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:25:40","indexId":"70187466","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration from bare soil and phreatophytes is a principal mechanism of groundwater discharge in arid and semiarid regions of the midwestern and western United States including the Great Basin. The imbalance between independent estimates of groundwater recharge from precipitation and of groundwater discharge based on estimates of groundwater evapotranspiration leads to large uncertainties in groundwater budgets. Few studies have addressed this problem. Energy budget micrometeorological field studies were conducted in a stand of sparse-canopy greasewood growing in an area of shallow groundwater in the western Great Basin during the summer of 1989. The data were used to calculate above-canopy fluxes of sensible and latent heat using the energy budget-Bowen ratio method. The calculated energy budget fluxes were used, with soil surface and plant canopy temperature measurements, to calibrate and apply a two-component, energy-combination model that partitions the energy and heat fluxes between bare soil and the canopy. This permitted the separation of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from greasewood. The calibrated model was used to estimate daily transpiration of groundwater by greasewood growing in an area with a depth to water of about 2 m. The daily rate of groundwater discharge by transpiration during July and August was estimated to be 2.4 mm. A period of 100 days for groundwater discharge at this rate was assumed to estimate an annual discharge of groundwater of 24 cm at the study site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00930","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1993, Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2771-2778, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00930.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2771","endPage":"2778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4be4b0fc4e4492abb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017373,"text":"70017373 - 1993 - Trinity River Basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:29:20.427601","indexId":"70017373","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trinity River Basin, Texas","docAbstract":"In 1991 the Trinity River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) will include assessments of surface-water and ground-water quality. Initial efforts have focused on identifying water-quality issues in the basin and on the environmental factors underlying those issues. Physical characteristics described include climate, geology, soils, vegetation, physiography, and hydrology. Cultural characteristics discussed include population distribution, land use and land cover, agricultural practices, water use, an reservoir operations. Major water-quality categories are identified and some of the implications of the environmental factors for water quality are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03232.x","usgsCitation":"Ulery, R.L., Van Metre, P., and Crossfield, A.S., 1993, Trinity River Basin, Texas: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 29, no. 4, p. 685-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03232.x.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.66260245509885,\n 29.720037604822963\n ],\n [\n -96.10022240224255,\n 33.841780930882194\n ],\n [\n -99.3645332127765,\n 33.70356629097907\n ],\n [\n -96.08268798954084,\n 30.561979418673786\n ],\n [\n -95.23635696689338,\n 30.249988323057366\n ],\n [\n -94.90030560697365,\n 29.28982134580008\n ],\n [\n -94.66260245509885,\n 29.720037604822963\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb860e4b08c986b327827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulery, Randy L. rlulery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"Randy","email":"rlulery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crossfield, Allison S.","contributorId":89681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crossfield","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}