The Ogallala Formation and associated Tertiary and Quarternary deposits form the principal aquifers supporting irrigation in the High Plains of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The volume of water in storage within the aquifers is declining in most of the High Plains because water is being withdrawn in excess of the rate of replenishment. The U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 5-year study of the High Plains aquifer system to develop the geohydrologic data base and computer models of the ground-water flow system needed to evaluate the response of the aquifer,system to ground-water management alternatives. This report describes the objectives, plan, and organization of the study and outlines the work to be accomplished in each state in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7870","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-70, iii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7870.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29594,"text":"wri77121 - 1978 - Nitrification in four acidic streams in southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri77121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-121","title":"Nitrification in four acidic streams in southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"Four characteristically acidic streams in southern New Jersey were investigated to determine the effect of secondary effluent on nitrification in the receiving waters. Chemical and microbiological data were obtained at four sites on each stream. From these data seven factors were evaluated to determine the proclivity of each stream to nitrify. pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen were used to describe the general condition of the streams, while neutralization of alkalinity, nitrogen species concentration trends, biological and nitrogenous oxygen demand incubations, and nitrifying bacteria densities were used to determine the actual presence of nitrification in each stream. Each stream had a unique distribution of conditions, making it possible to qualitatively rank the streams according to their proclivity to nitrify. Hay StackBrook showes strong evidence for nitrification on the basis of all four nitrification indicators, whereas Landing Creek showed little, if any, evidence of nitrification. Hammonton Creek is apparently nitrifying, but because of the uncertainty in the downstream trends of the nitrogen species and a lower level of alkalinity neutralization, it is nitrifying less than Hay Stack Brook. Squankum Branch also showed some evidence for nitrification, mostly on the basis of the biological and nitrogenous oxygen demand incubations. Although these streams are acidic in character, acidity does not appear to be an exclusive factor in determining whether a stream will undergo nitrification. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey (WRD),","doi":"10.3133/wri77121","usgsCitation":"Schornick, J.C., and Ram, N.M., 1978, Nitrification in four acidic streams in southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-121, vi, 51 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77121.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58422,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schornick, James C. Jr.","contributorId":89575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schornick","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ram, Neil M.","contributorId":27897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26517,"text":"wri77127 - 1978 - Low-flow frequency of Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T15:37:36","indexId":"wri77127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-127","displayTitle":"Low-Flow Frequency of Georgia Streams","title":"Low-flow frequency of Georgia streams","docAbstract":"This report contains analyses of low-flow data and tabulations of computed low-flow frequency for all stream sites in Georgia where suitable flow records have been collected. These include 134 continuous-record gaging stations and 102 partial-record gaging stations. Frequency records for gaging stations with short records have been adjusted where possible to more closely represent results that would have been obtained from longer records.
Variations in time and place of low-flow characteristics, per unit of drainage area, are demonstrated. Low flows for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval vary from 0 to more than 1.0 cubic feet per second per square mile [(ft3/s)/mi2]. In the Blue Ridge province in the northern part of the State, unit low flows range from 0.3 to 0.8 (ft3/s)/mi2; in the Valley and Ridge province in the northwest they range from 0.05 to 0.04 (ft3/s)/mi2; and in the Piedmont province they range from 0.1 to 1.1 (ft3/s)/mi2.
There is a contrast in unit rates of low flow between the upper zone of the Coastal Plain where most flows are high, and the lower zone where most flows are low. Flows in the upper zone are in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 (ft 3/s)/mi2, but in the lower zone only the largest streams have appreciable flow during low-flow periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri77127","usgsCitation":"Carter, R., and Putnam, S., 1978, Low-flow frequency of Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-127, xi, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77127.","productDescription":"xi, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"119","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364428,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0127/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1977-127"},{"id":158438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0127/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Dr #500
Norcross, GA 30093
Water-quality data, collected from May 1974 to September 1976 at thirteen sites within Raystown Lake and in the inflow and outflow channels, define the water-quality characteristics of the lake water and the effects of impoundment on the quality of the lake outflow. Depth-profile measurements show Raystown Lake to be dimictic. Thermal stratification is well developed during the summer. Generally high concentrations of dissolved oxygen throughout the hypolimnion during thermal stratification, low phytoplankton concentrations, and small diel fluctuations of dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance indicate that the lake is low in nutrients, or oligotrophic. Algal assays of surface samples indicate that orthophosphate was a growth-limiting nutrient. The diatoms (Chrysophyta) were the dominant phytoplankton group found through-out the study period. The lake waters contained very low populations of zooplankton. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus densities measured throughout the lake indicated no potentially dangerous areas of water-contact recreation. The most apparent effect that the impoundment had on water quality was the removal of nutrients, particularly orthophosphate, through phytoplankton uptake and sediment deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7842","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District","usgsCitation":"Williams, D.R., 1978, Postimpoundment survey of water-quality characteristics of Raystown Lake, Huntingdon and Bedford Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-42, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7842.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7842.jpg"},{"id":318651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0042/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Raystown Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.97992706298828,\n 40.42996229798498\n ],\n [\n -77.99468994140625,\n 40.41924662614147\n ],\n [\n -78.03829193115234,\n 40.383166701111\n ],\n [\n -78.0739974975586,\n 40.36302674445932\n ],\n [\n -78.11656951904297,\n 40.351253853238475\n ],\n [\n -78.12171936035156,\n 40.33529176334337\n ],\n [\n -78.15227508544922,\n 40.31958766257084\n ],\n [\n -78.19278717041016,\n 40.271143686084194\n ],\n [\n -78.24359893798828,\n 40.180709461243985\n ],\n [\n -78.28067779541016,\n 40.19801926038919\n ],\n [\n -78.23673248291016,\n 40.24834991844239\n ],\n [\n -78.21819305419922,\n 40.30414173394396\n ],\n [\n -78.16875457763672,\n 40.37819766081352\n ],\n [\n -78.13304901123047,\n 40.39964037008388\n ],\n [\n -78.04859161376953,\n 40.44276659332215\n ],\n [\n -77.99091339111327,\n 40.464449938054564\n ],\n [\n -77.96344757080078,\n 40.444595579311525\n ],\n [\n -77.97992706298828,\n 40.42996229798498\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a888b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Donald R.","contributorId":72825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26509,"text":"wri7887 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T13:06:49","indexId":"wri7887","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-87","title":"Hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"Selected hydrologic data collected in the Soldier Creek basin in Kansas are available on magnetic tape in card-image format. Data on the tape include water discharge in fifteen-minute and daily time intervals; rainfall in fifteen-minute and daily time intervals; concentrations and particle sizes of suspended sediment; particle sizes of bed material; ground-water levels; and chemical quality of water in concentrations of selected constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7887","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 1978, Hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-87, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7887.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Soldier Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 39.07144530820888\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 39.07144530820888\n ],\n [\n -95.5426025390625,\n 39.6667\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 39.6667\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 39.07144530820888\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28027,"text":"wri7837 - 1978 - Preliminary appraisal of the geohydrologic aspects of drainage wells, Orlando area, central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T15:34:15","indexId":"wri7837","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-37","title":"Preliminary appraisal of the geohydrologic aspects of drainage wells, Orlando area, central Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer contains two highly transmissive cavernous zones in the Orlando area: an upper producing zone about 150-600 feet below land surface; and a lower producing zone about 1,100-1,500 feet below land surface. Natural head differences are downward and there is hydraulic connection between the two producing zones. Drainage wells are finished open-end into the upper producing zone and emplace surface waters directly into that zone by gravity. Quantitatively, their use constitutes an effective method of artificial recharge. Their negative aspects relate to the probably poor, but unknown, quality of the recharge water. Caution is suggested in drawing definite and final conclusions on the overall geohydrologic and environmental effects of drainage wells prior to the collection and interpretation of a considerable quantity of new data. Though few ground-water pollution problems have been documented to date, the potential for such pollution should be seriously considered in light of the prob-able continuing need to use drainage wells; the probable volumes and quality of water involved; and the hydraulic relations between the two producing zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7837","usgsCitation":"Kimrey, J.O., 1978, Preliminary appraisal of the geohydrologic aspects of drainage wells, Orlando area, central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-37, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7837.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Orlando","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.58172607421875,\n 28.401064827220896\n ],\n [\n -81.23222351074219,\n 28.401064827220896\n ],\n [\n -81.23222351074219,\n 28.699020111484817\n ],\n [\n -81.58172607421875,\n 28.699020111484817\n ],\n [\n -81.58172607421875,\n 28.401064827220896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimrey, Joel O.","contributorId":96262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimrey","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28063,"text":"wri78111 - 1978 - Evaluation and correlation of water-quality data for the North Fork Flathead River, northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri78111","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-111","title":"Evaluation and correlation of water-quality data for the North Fork Flathead River, northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation and evaluation of water-quality measurements that have been made by the U.S. Geological Survey at two stations on the North Fork Flathead River in Montana. Historical streamflow records show an annual mean daily discharge of 3,010 cubic feet per second near the mouth--a threefold increase compared to discharge at the international boundary. The chemical character of the water is dominated by calcium and magnesium cations and the bicarbonate anion. Base flow, in contrast to high flows from runoff, is characterized by higher dissolved constituents and lower concentrations of suspended sediment. The several lakes that contribute water throughout the middle and lower drainage have a dampening effect on both streamflow and constituent concentrations. Using the available data and computer techniques, regression equations were developed between certain water-quality variables. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri78111","usgsCitation":"Knapton, J.R., 1978, Evaluation and correlation of water-quality data for the North Fork Flathead River, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-111, vi, 95 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78111.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0111/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56893,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapton, J. R.","contributorId":84385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28076,"text":"wri782 - 1978 - Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:11:50","indexId":"wri782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-2","title":"Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"Streamflow, sediment-discharge, and water-quality data are being collected in the Calabazas Creek basin, Santa Clara County, Calif., to determine annual water and sediment discharge at base-line conditions that are representative of a basin prior to urbanization. Results of the first 3 years of the study (1973-75) are given in this report. Climatic conditions during this period were representative of a very wet year (1973) and 2 years of above-average rainfall (1974 and 1975). Daily water and sediment discharge were monitored at three primary stations, and periodic measurements were made at five secondary stations during selected storms. Most of the total annual sediment discharge at each station was transported during a few days each year. Maximum daily sediment discharge in a given year ranged from 23 to 62 percent of the annual total. Daily water discharge at the gaging station Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive, near Cupertino, ranged from no flow to 3.31 cubic meters per second. Streamflow at this location was significantly augmented during low flow by diversion of water from the South Bay Aqueduct. Annual sediment discharge at Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive was 4,900 t in 1974 and 9,570 t in 1975. A large quantity of sediment was trapped in a debris basin at Comer Drive upstream from this station during both years. If this sediment had not been trapped, sediment discharge at the station would have been about 35 percent greater in 1974 and 30 percent greater in 1975. Most of the trapped sediment consists of sand and gravel that would probably have been deposited in the Calabazas Creek channel downstream from the station. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri782","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., Pederson, G., and Middelburg, R.F., 1978, Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-2, v, 41 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri782.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.05188914776302\n ],\n [\n -121.47171020507811,\n 37.05188914776302\n ],\n [\n -121.47171020507811,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.41052799460727\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 37.05188914776302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6877c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, G.L.","contributorId":90781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, Robert F.","contributorId":35360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29232,"text":"wri7810 - 1978 - Method of estimating natural recharge to the Edwards Aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T15:55:43","indexId":"wri7810","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-10","title":"Method of estimating natural recharge to the Edwards Aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas","docAbstract":"The method of estimating annual recharge is based on data collected from a network of stream-gaging stations and on assumptions related to applying the runoff characteristics from gaged areas to ungaged areas. The basic approach is a water-balance equation, in which recharge within a stream basin is the difference between measured streamflow above and below the infiltration area of the aquifer plus the estimated runoff in the zone that includes the infiltration area. Recharge in the Medina River basin also includes seepage losses from Medina Lake and Diversion Reservoir.
\nThe principal errors in the estimates of annual recharge are related to errors in estimating runoff in ungaged areas, which represent about 30 percent of the infiltration area. The estimated long-term average annual recharge in each basin, however, is probably representative of the actual recharge because the averaging procedure tends to cancel out the major errors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri7810","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources, the Edwards Underground Water District, and the city of San Antonio","usgsCitation":"Puente, C., 1978, Method of estimating natural recharge to the Edwards Aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-10, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7810.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0010/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.217041015625,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -101.217041015625,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -97.921142578125,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -97.921142578125,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -101.217041015625,\n 29.204918463909035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6272e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puente, Celso","contributorId":36140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puente","given":"Celso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29220,"text":"wri7878 - 1978 - Water quality in the Sugar Creek basin, Bloomington and Normal, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-29T15:09:27.33593","indexId":"wri7878","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-78","displayTitle":"Water Quality in the Sugar Creek Basin, Bloomington and Normal, Illinois","title":"Water quality in the Sugar Creek basin, Bloomington and Normal, Illinois","docAbstract":"Sugar Creek, within the twin cities of Bloomington and Normal, Illinois, has differences in water quantity and quality as a result of urban runoff and overflows from combined sewers.
Water-quality data from five primary and eight secondary locations showed three basic types of responses to climatic and hydrologic stresses. Stream temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal bacteria showed seasonal variations. Conductivity (dissolved solids), pH, chloride, and suspended solids concentrations varied more closely with stream discharges. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria concentrations exhibited variations indicative of initial flushing action during storm runoff.
Selected analyses for herbicides, insecticides, and other complex organic compounds in solution and in bed material showed that these constituents were coming from sources other than the municipal sanitary treatment plant effluent. Analyses for 10 common metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc showed changes in concentrations below the municipal sanitary plant outfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7878","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bloomington and Normal Sanitary District","usgsCitation":"Prugh, B., 1978, Water quality in the Sugar Creek basin, Bloomington and Normal, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-78, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7878.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365888,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Bloomington, Normal","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.05242919921875,\n 40.43335959357837\n ],\n [\n -88.89930725097656,\n 40.43335959357837\n ],\n [\n -88.89930725097656,\n 40.543026009955014\n ],\n [\n -89.05242919921875,\n 40.543026009955014\n ],\n [\n -89.05242919921875,\n 40.43335959357837\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Regulation of the Feather River by Oroville Dam and reservoir in northeast California (beginning in 1967) changed the streamflow and sediment discharge downstream from the dam. Changes in channel geometry to adjust to the new regimen were still in process in 1975. Streamflow and sediment concentration and discharge had decreased. Median streamflow at Feather River near Gridley and Feather River at Yuba City, 27 miles and 49 miles downstream from the dam, had not changed, although the frequency of flow rates less than median increased and the frequency of flow rates greater than median, and which transport most sediment, decreased. Sediment-transport data indicate an increase in sediment yield from the 1965-67 period to the 1968-75 period in the basin downstream from Gridley to Yuba City , although the quantity of sediment transported was reduced owing to removal of sediment by Oroville Dam and to reduced streamflow. The increase in yield, assuming no change in tributary inflow, may be attributed partly to channel erosion accelerated by the clear-water releases and to the change in frequency and magnitude of flow rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7820","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Porterfield, G., Busch, R.D., and Waananen, A.O., 1978, Sediment transport in the Feather River, Lake Oroville to Yuba City, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-20, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7820.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbedb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porterfield, George","contributorId":68719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porterfield","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, Robert D.","contributorId":48217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waananen, Arvi O.","contributorId":34904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waananen","given":"Arvi","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26398,"text":"wri783 - 1978 - Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:03:04.34674","indexId":"wri783","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-3","title":"Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","docAbstract":"A steady increase in the chloride and nitrate content of water in a sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin in the Cortland, N.Y., area prompted a study to obtain data on the extent and source of these constituents. Chloride concentration in the upper part of the aquifer increased generally from 2 mg/liter in 1930 to 20 mg/liter in 1976, and nitrate concentration (as nitrogen) in the upper part of the aquifer increased from 1 mg/liter in 1930 to an average of 4 mg/liter in 1976. Although the ground water is normally very hard, its quality generally meets State standards for source waters used for drinking. Road salting and farming seem to be the primary cause of chloride increases, although septic systems may be a major source locally. Farm-animal waste, sewage systems, and fertilizers are the major contributors of nitrate to ground water. Flow in the aquifer system in the Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin was simulated with a digital-computer model. The model was calibrated by comparing measured water levels in the aquifer with those determined by the model. The major sources of recharge are from precipitation and seepage from losing reaches of the streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri783","usgsCitation":"Buller, W., Nichols, W.J., and Harsh, J.F., 1978, Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-3, ix, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri783.","productDescription":"ix, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35242.htm"},{"id":55190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buller, William","contributorId":16449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buller","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, J. F.","contributorId":77535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28263,"text":"wri7811 - 1978 - Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T09:32:36","indexId":"wri7811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-11","title":"Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa","docAbstract":"This report deals with the probable impact of urban development on the magnitude and frequency of flooding in the lower reach of the Walnut creek Basin.
Stream-modeling techniques, which include complete definition of unit hydroqraphs and precipitation loss-rate criteria, were utilized to evaluate the effects of urban development as measured by percentages of impervious area over the basin. A mathematical model, called HEC-1, was calibrated by using concurrent rainfall-runoff data collected at three gaging stations in the basin. The model parameters were regionalized to allow future users to estimate the model parameters for ungaged areas within the basin.
Long-term rainfall data recorded at two nearby stations were employed as basic input to the calibrated model to generate annual peak discharges corresponding to selected degrees of urbanization. Results are presented in tables and graphs, which compare the pre-urban and urban flood flow characteristics of the lower reach of the Walnut Creek basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7811","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Natural Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Lara, O.G., 1978, Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-11, v, 31 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7811.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0011/report.pdf"},{"id":318303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0011/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.55545043945312,\n 41.57384762780053\n ],\n [\n -93.61793518066406,\n 41.68829673005491\n ],\n [\n -93.68728637695312,\n 41.793328494130215\n ],\n [\n -93.75801086425781,\n 41.8496161693754\n ],\n [\n -93.84178161621094,\n 41.87671893034394\n ],\n [\n -93.93928527832031,\n 41.90636538970964\n ],\n [\n -94.03953552246094,\n 41.91556321720713\n ],\n [\n -94.15695190429688,\n 41.883365022797314\n ],\n [\n -94.185791015625,\n 41.841431946284054\n ],\n [\n -94.17137145996094,\n 41.75133640385731\n ],\n [\n -94.12467956542969,\n 41.66932147792171\n ],\n [\n -94.09446716308594,\n 41.60209386160467\n ],\n [\n -94.06837463378906,\n 41.56665570423207\n ],\n [\n -93.97430419921875,\n 41.51886045990478\n ],\n [\n -93.78822326660156,\n 41.52657175967685\n ],\n [\n -93.66600036621094,\n 41.553297150595185\n ],\n [\n -93.61793518066406,\n 41.572820259168125\n ],\n [\n -93.55545043945312,\n 41.57384762780053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lara, Oscar G.","contributorId":19555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lara","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26304,"text":"wri78115 - 1978 - Water chemistry of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T20:55:02.181341","indexId":"wri78115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-115","title":"Water chemistry of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, California","docAbstract":"A 2-year study was made in the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage basins of Redwood National Park to determine existing chemical water-quality conditions and to identify the effects of logging on water quality in the main stems and tributaries of the two basins.
Overall, the chemical water quality of the main stems and the tributaries is excellent, suitable for most beneficial uses. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 25 milligrams per liter in the Redwood Creek basin and 21 milligrams per liter in the Mill Creek basin during the rainy season to 139 and 49 during the dry season. Water shifts from a mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate-chloride type toward a calcium bicarbonate type from the end of the wet season to the end of the dry season. It shifts back toward a mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate-chloride type from the end of the dry season to the end of the wet season. The pH shifts with the water type from a median value of 6.80 in the rainy season to 7.37 in the dry season. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are generally too low to support nuisance algae but are high enough, in some streams, to support modest populations, particularly in the main stem where light levels are high. Trace-metal concentrations are low, typical of clean streams.
Evidence suggests that dissolved calcium and bicarbonate in stream water is produced by weathering of the Franciscan assemblage underlying the basins but that chlorides are transported inland from the ocean as dry fallout and spray and in rain. Exposure of the surface soils to the elements, either by logging or by natural causes such as sparse vegetation, seems to accelerate weathering, which leads to a calcium bicarbonate water type. Logging accelerates weathering most in the tributary watersheds with regoliths derived from sandstone and least in those with regoliths derived from schist; however, the data suggest that the rate of weathering in a schistose watershed can increase dramatically if soil disruption is extensive.
Studies during storms indicated that specific conductance and alkalinity were two to three times as likely to decrease at the discharge peak in logged watersheds as in forested ones. This suggests that overland flow containing lower concentrations of soil-derived dissolved solids than flow from other sources is a larger component of peak flow in logged watersheds than in forested watersheds.
Comparing a storm in November 1974 to one in February 1975, nitrate concentration increased significantly from November to February in a stream draining a logged watershed and decreased significantly in a stream draining a forested watershed. Then from the rainy season to the dry season, nitrate decreased in both logged and forested watersheds. This pattern suggests that soil nitrate produced by fixation and organic decomposition early in the rainy season tends to wash out of logged watersheds but be taken up in tree growth in forested watersheds. As the dry season progresses, base flow containing little nitrate enters the streams, causing a decrease in nitrate concentration. By contrast, the other plant nutrients--phosphorus, Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, and dissolved organic carbon--all decreased in streams from the November 1974 storm to the February 1975 storm and changed little from the rainy season through the dry season. This pattern suggests that these materials tend to accumulate in the soil during the dry season and be washed out and diluted as the rainy season progresses. Very little reaches the water table due to soil absorption so that little appears in the base flow during the dry season.
This report presents hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data collected within the Ochlockonee River basin area, in the panhandle of northwest Florida. The data are presented in graphs and tables. Surface-water data include streamflow measurements and analyses of water collected at 58 sites; ground-water data include descriptions of 360 wells and core holes, analyses of water and hydrographs of selected wells, lithologic logs of 131 wells and test borings, and natural-gamma logs of selected wells ranging in depth from 110 to 1,346 feet. Rainfall and municipal pumpage data also are compiled. Maps show the location of the data-collection sites within the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7897","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Gadsden County and Northwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., Wagner, J.R., and Sohm, J.E., 1978, Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data, Ochlockonee River basin area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-97, Report: vi, 5l5 p.; 2 Figures: 17.08 x 19.88 inches and 16.87 x 19.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7897.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 5l5 p.; 2 Figures: 17.08 x 19.88 inches and 16.87 x 19.90 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":65107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohm, James E.","contributorId":52553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohm","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29056,"text":"wri7827 - 1978 - Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri7827","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-27","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977","docAbstract":"This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected at a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida. Since injection began in July 1963, about 13.3 billion gallons of industrial acidic waste containing nitric acid, inorganic salts and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a saline-water-filled limestone aquifer. Wellhead pressure at two injection wells averaged 180 pounds per square inch in March 1977 and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.53 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressure since 1970 at two wells used to monitor the injection zone at sites located 1.9 miles north and 1.5 miles south of the injection site have been about 22 and 29 pounds per square inch. The pressure in a shallow monitor well, penetrating the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, declined about 4 pounds per square inch. No changes were detected in the chemical character of water from the shallow monitor well and the north monitor well, but since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7827","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., and Martin, J., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of a deep-well waste-injection system near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - March 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-27, iv, 61 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7827.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57919,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6065d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28358,"text":"wri787 - 1978 - A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri787","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-7","title":"A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","docAbstract":"Maps depicting the influence of a climatic factor, C, on the magnitude of synthetic T-year (annual) floods were prepared for a large portion of the eastern United States. The climatic factors were developed by regression analysis of flood data using a parametric rainfall-runoff model and long-term rainfall records. Map estimates of C values and calibrated values of rainfall-runoff model parameters were used as variables in a synthetic T-year flood relation to compute ' map-model ' flood estimates for 98 small drainage basins in a six-state study area. Improved estimates of T-year floods were computed as a weighted average of the map-model estimate and an observed estimate, with the weights proportional to the relative accuracies of the two estimates. The accuracy of the map-model estimates was appraised by decomposing components of variance into average time-sampling error associated with the observed estimates and average map-model error. Map-model estimates have an accuracy, in terms of equivalent length of observed record, that ranges from 6 years for the 1.25-year flood up to 30 years for the 50- and 100-year flood. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri787","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R.W., and Liscum, F., 1978, A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-7, iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri787.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, Robert W.","contributorId":7697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28370,"text":"wri7866 - 1978 - Evaluation of thermograph data for California streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:24:16","indexId":"wri7866","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-66","title":"Evaluation of thermograph data for California streams","docAbstract":"Statistical analysis of water-temperature data from California streams indicates that, for most purposes, long-term operation of thermographs (automatic water-temperature recording instruments) does not provide a more useful record than either short-term operation of such instruments or periodic measurements. Harmonic analyses were made of thermograph records 5 to 14 years in length from 82 stations. More than 80 percent of the annual variation in water temperature is explained by the harmonic function for 77 of the 82 stations. Harmonic coefficients based on 8 years of thermograph record at 12 stations varied only slightly from coefficients computed using two equally split 4-year records. At five stations where both thermograph and periodic (10 to 23 measurements per year) data were collected concurrently, harmonic coefficients for periodic data were defined nearly as well as those for thermograph data. Results of this analysis indicate that, except where detailed surveillance of water temperatures is required or where there is a chance of temporal change, thermograph operations can be reduced substantially without affecting the usefulness of temperature records.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7866","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Limerinos, J., 1978, Evaluation of thermograph data for California streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-66, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7866.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7866.JPG"},{"id":284808,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0066/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.86,32.21 ], [ -124.86,42.25 ], [ -113.85,42.25 ], [ -113.85,32.21 ], [ -124.86,32.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5884e4b0b290850f8248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limerinos, J.T.","contributorId":46123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limerinos","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26284,"text":"wri7799 - 1978 - Water-quality investigation, Upper Santa Clara River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T11:54:07","indexId":"wri7799","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-99","title":"Water-quality investigation, Upper Santa Clara River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Water-quality data are summarized for the upper Santa Clara River basin, California from studies beginning August 1974 through June 1976 and during past monitoring programs. Data were collected for nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, trace elements, detergents, and pesticide compounds. Because of the limited number of samples, the data are only an estimate of conditions that existed in the basin. Sampling was designed so that samples from each site would represent seasonal variations in discharge. Most constituents were fairly low in concentration near the headwaters at Ravenna and higher below the urban and agricultural area near Saugus. Mean specific conductance in the river ranged from 745 micromhos per centimeter at 25 deg C below the headwaters near Lang to 2,640 micromhos at the Los Angeles-Ventura County line. Results also indicate that discharge was not the single factor controlling the concentration variance for most constituents. Regression analyses indicated a high correlation between specific conductance and most major inorganic chemical constituents, and between specific conductance and discharge. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7799","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.C., and Irwin, G.A., 1978, Water-quality investigation, Upper Santa Clara River Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-99, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7799.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365862,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0099/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Clara River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e549d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, James C. jcbowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":4185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"James","email":"jcbowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, G. A.","contributorId":35733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28452,"text":"wri7813 - 1978 - An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri7813","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-13","title":"An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green River basin, Wyoming, utilizes a regional model for estimating mean daily temperatures of streams at unmeasured sites. The regional model was developed by describing annual temperature patterns at 43 measured sites and by applying the harmonic function T = M + A -sin (0.0172 t + C)- where: T is mean daily temperature; M, A, and C are harmonic coefficients calculated from data for each stream-temperature station; and t is the day of the water year. Application of the equation for estimating temperatures at unmeasured sites requires regionalized estimates of M, A, and C. Regional estimates were developed with the aid of multiple-regression techniques, whereby the calculated harmonic coefficients were regressed against physical and climatic characteristics of the stream-temperature stations. Stream elevation was a significant factor affecting water temperature. Analysis of areal and temporal variations in temperature showed that springs, irrigation return flows, and reservoir storage were affecting reaches of several major streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7813","usgsCitation":"Lowham, H., 1978, An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-13, vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7813.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28966,"text":"wri78135 - 1978 - Guidelines for the use of structural versus regression analysis in geomorphic studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T16:58:13.13127","indexId":"wri78135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-135","title":"Guidelines for the use of structural versus regression analysis in geomorphic studies","docAbstract":"Simple-regression and structural analysis are similar methods of developing a linear relation from a bivariant group of data. Regression analysis is a useful curve-fitting technique, but often is misapplied to geomorphic data sets. When error components can be identified for both variables, the statistical technique of structural analysis is preferred. If regression results are available, conversion to a structural analysis can be made either manually or by computer.
Use of computer-generated data sets permits the construct ion of curves relating variation between regression and structural analyses to the range of data of the independent variable. The data have randomly imposed error components of specified standard deviation and a slope of the lin-ear relation that simulates gradient-discharge relations of natural alluvial streams. The empirically developed curves can be used to determine the need for structural analysis of real geomorphic data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78135","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., McNellis, J.M., and Jordan, P.R., 1978, Guidelines for the use of structural versus regression analysis in geomorphic studies: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-135, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78135.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":380343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0135/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNellis, Jesse M.","contributorId":106135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNellis","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, Paul Robert","contributorId":57819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30773,"text":"ofr78292 - 1978 - Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30773,"text":"ofr78292 - 1978 - Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia","indexId":"ofr78292","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32552,"text":"pp1088 - 1979 - Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia","indexId":"pp1088","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":32552,"text":"pp1088 - 1979 - Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia","indexId":"pp1088","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T23:04:19.782362","indexId":"ofr78292","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-292","title":"Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"This report describes the subsurface distribution of rocks of Cretaceous to Late Jurassic(?) age in the Atlantic. Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia, and examines their potential for deep-well waste storage. For mapping purposes a waste-storage \"operational unit\" is established and defined. It is a sand or sandstone layer, 20 feet or more in thickness, that is immediately overlain and underlain by a layer of shale or clay, 20 feet or more in thickness, and which occurs in regional chronostratigraphic units (Units A, B, C, D, E, F, G(?), and H(?)) of Mesozoic age in areas where each of these units contains nonusable ground water. Nonusable ground water is defined as water that contains sodium chloride in excess of 10,000 mg/L.
Using a group of geohydrologic parameters derived from or combining 21 categories of basic data, established from study and interpretation of well cuttings and geophysical logs, a series of 32 regional maps and 8 stratigraphic cross sections was constructed. For each of the eight geologic units delineated in the subsurface, the maps illustrate the distribution of waste-storage potential in terms of areal extent, depth below land surface, sand-shale geometry, and the approximate sodium chloride concentration of a unit's nonusable ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78292","usgsCitation":"Brown, P., Brown, D., Reid, M., and Lloyd, O.B., 1978, Evaluation of the geologic and hydrologic factors related to the waste-storage potential of Mesozoic aquifers in the southern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina and Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-292, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78292.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 30.727670895047673\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 31.264465555752835\n ],\n [\n -80.91430664062499,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 32.18491105051798\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 32.34284135639302\n ],\n [\n -79.837646484375,\n 32.505129231918936\n ],\n [\n -79.3817138671875,\n 32.87497382061986\n ],\n [\n -78.848876953125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -78.59069824218749,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -78.3599853515625,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 35.133386854253075\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 35.178298352001214\n ],\n [\n -81.793212890625,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -82.803955078125,\n 33.08693925905123\n ],\n [\n -83.78173828125,\n 31.92885480180959\n ],\n [\n -83.7322998046875,\n 31.17050982470345\n ],\n [\n -83.7872314453125,\n 30.439202087235582\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 30.073847754270204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Philip M.","contributorId":52572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, D.L.","contributorId":73173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, M.S.","contributorId":23139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lloyd, O. B. Jr.","contributorId":97932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30805,"text":"ofr781071 - 1978 - Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-25T20:33:20.398117","indexId":"ofr781071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1071","title":"Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of geotechnical properties of marine sediments have recently intensified as the search for natural resources has expanded on the continental shelf. The U. S. Geological Survey has begun a detailed evaluation of geologic environmental conditions in continental shelf regions in order to facilitate safe development of continental shelf resources. Investigations of geohazards in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska (Fig. 1) began in 1974 when 6500 km of high and medium resolution seismic reflection data were collected from the eastern gulf between Yakutat and Montague Island (Carlson, Bruns and Molnia, 1975; Von Huene and others, 1975). The first extensive sediment sampling program was begun in 1975 when approximately 400 samples of continental shelf sediments were collected from the same area of the gulf (Carlson and others, 1977b). A limited number of geotechnical measurements were made from these samples and samples collected by subsequent programs, however, systematic measurement of geotechnical properties was not started until the 1977 cruise of the NOAA ship DISCOVERER. Once unstable environments or \"geohazards\", such as slumps and slides, are delineated, geotechnical testing is an important means of quantifying such geologic processes and consequently furthering our understanding of them.
The purposes of this report are two-fold: (1) to report variations of physical properties in 1-2 meter gravity cores and (2) to recognize any variations in the areal distribution of these properties within and adjacent to an area of mass movement in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781071","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Levy, W.P., Molnia, B.F., and Hampson, J.C., 1978, Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1071, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781071.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 60.27643600738864\n ],\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 59.78959667023767\n ],\n [\n -141.0247576005145,\n 59.78959667023767\n ],\n [\n -141.0247576005145,\n 60.27643600738864\n ],\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 60.27643600738864\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levy, William P.","contributorId":102910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. 0000-0001-8102-6269","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-6269","contributorId":301013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampson, John C. Jr.","contributorId":108033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28520,"text":"wri7888 - 1978 - Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T14:53:01","indexId":"wri7888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-88","title":"Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","docAbstract":"This report describes the log analysis of the Randolph and Sabial core holes in the Edwards aquifer in Texas, with particular attention to the principles that can be applied generally to any carbonate system. The geologic and hydrologic data were obtained during the drilling of the two holes, from extensive laboratory analysis of the cores, and from numerous geophysical logs run in the two holes. Some logging methods are inherently superiors to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the dentistry, neutron, and acoustic-velocity (sonic) logs. Most of the log analysis described here is based on the interpretation of suites of logs from these three systems. In certain instances, deeply focused resistivity logs can be used to good advantage in carbonate rock studies; this technique is used to computer the water resistivity in the Randolph core hole. The rocks penetrated by the Randolph core hole are typical of those carbonates that have undergone very little solution by recent ground-water circulation. There are few large solutional openings; the water is saline; and the rocks are dark, dolomitic, have pore space that is interparticle or intercrystalline, and contain unoxidized organic material. The total porosity of rocks in the saline zone is higher than that of rocks in the fresh-water aquifer; however, the intrinsic permeability is much less in the saline zone because there are fewer large solutional openings. The Sabinal core hole penetrates a carbonate environment that has experienced much solution by ground water during recent geologic time. The rocks have high secondary porosities controlled by sedimentary structures within the rock; the water is fresh; and the dominant rock composition is limestone. The relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, the average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures , and the porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic logs. With supporting data from resistivity logs, the formation water quality can be estimated, as well as the relative cementation or tortuosity of the rock. Many of these properties calculated from logs can be verified by analysis of the core available from test holes drilled in the saline and fresh water zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7888","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1978, Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-88, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7888.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279493,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.6005,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,28.7851 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c0e4b07f02db53bb94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}