{"pageNumber":"1712","pageRowStart":"42775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70187466,"text":"70187466 - 1993 - Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:25:40","indexId":"70187466","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration from bare soil and phreatophytes is a principal mechanism of groundwater discharge in arid and semiarid regions of the midwestern and western United States including the Great Basin. The imbalance between independent estimates of groundwater recharge from precipitation and of groundwater discharge based on estimates of groundwater evapotranspiration leads to large uncertainties in groundwater budgets. Few studies have addressed this problem. Energy budget micrometeorological field studies were conducted in a stand of sparse-canopy greasewood growing in an area of shallow groundwater in the western Great Basin during the summer of 1989. The data were used to calculate above-canopy fluxes of sensible and latent heat using the energy budget-Bowen ratio method. The calculated energy budget fluxes were used, with soil surface and plant canopy temperature measurements, to calibrate and apply a two-component, energy-combination model that partitions the energy and heat fluxes between bare soil and the canopy. This permitted the separation of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from greasewood. The calibrated model was used to estimate daily transpiration of groundwater by greasewood growing in an area with a depth to water of about 2 m. The daily rate of groundwater discharge by transpiration during July and August was estimated to be 2.4 mm. A period of 100 days for groundwater discharge at this rate was assumed to estimate an annual discharge of groundwater of 24 cm at the study site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00930","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1993, Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the Northern Great Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2771-2778, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00930.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2771","endPage":"2778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590aec4be4b0fc4e4492abb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157531,"text":"70157531 - 1993 - Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T16:32:46.596959","indexId":"70157531","displayToPublicDate":"1993-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall runoff samples were collected from streets, parking lots, roofs, driveways, and lawns. These five source areas are located in residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in Madison, Wisconsin. Solids, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads were determined for all the source areas using measured concentrations and runoff volumes estimated by the Source Load and Management Model. Source areas with relatively large contaminant loads were identified as critical source areas for each land use.</p>\n<p>Streets are critical source areas for most contaminants in all the land uses. Parking lots are critical in the commercial and industrial land uses. Lawns and driveways contribute large phosphorus loads in the residential land use. Roofs produce significant zinc loads in the commercial and industrial land uses.</p>\n<p>Identification of critical source areas could reduce the amount of area needing best-management practices in two areas of Madison, Wisconsin. Targeting best-management practices to 14% of the residential area and 40% of the industrial area could significantly reduce contaminant loads by up to 75%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The International Water Association","doi":"10.2166/wst.1993.0426","issn":"0273-1223","usgsCitation":"Bannerman, R., Owens, D., Dodds, R., and Hornewer, N.J., 1993, Sources of pollutants in Wisconsin stormwater: Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 3-5, p. 241-259, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0426.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"259","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.11752534252065\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31541442871094,\n              43.11752534252065\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31541442871094,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49188232421875,\n              43.02974913459804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703de4b058f706e51961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bannerman, R.T.","contributorId":92304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodds, R.B.","contributorId":147964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornewer, Nancy J. njhornew@usgs.gov","contributorId":910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornewer","given":"Nancy","email":"njhornew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193868,"text":"70193868 - 1993 - Sensitivity of early-life stage golden trout to low pH and elevated aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T09:35:32","indexId":"70193868","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of early-life stage golden trout to low pH and elevated aluminum","docAbstract":"<p><span>Early-life-stage golden trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus aguabonita aguabonita</i><span>) were exposed to acid and Al to examine the response and determine the sensitivity of a western, alpine salmonid to conditions simulating an episodic pH depression. Freshly fertilized eggs, alevins, and swim-up larvae were exposed for 7 d to one of 12 combinations of pH and Al, and surviving fish were held to 40 d post-hatch to determine the effect of exposure on subsequent survival and recovery. Golden trout are sensitive to conditions simulating episodic acidification events typically observed in the field. Significant mortality occurred when the pH of test waters was below 5.0 in the absence of Al or when pH was 5.5 in the presence of 100 μg/L total Al. Behavioral impairments were sensitive indicators of low pH and Al stress. Impaired locomotory and feeding behavior occurred at pH 5.5 without Al and at Al concentrations &gt; 50 μg/L. In contrast, growth, RNA-to-DNA ratio, and whole-body ion concentration were relatively less sensitive indicators of sublethal acid and Al stress.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620120711","usgsCitation":"Delonay, A.J., Little, E.E., Woodward, D.F., Brumbaugh, W.G., Farag, A.M., and Rabeni, C.F., 1993, Sensitivity of early-life stage golden trout to low pH and elevated aluminum: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 12, no. 7, p. 1223-1232, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120711.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1232","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Norway, Sweden, United 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Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, Daniel F.","contributorId":75455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70180480,"text":"70180480 - 1993 - A rapid inoculation technique for assessing pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and F. o. melonis on Cucurbits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T14:51:51","indexId":"70180480","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5231,"text":"Plant Disease","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid inoculation technique for assessing pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and F. o. melonis on Cucurbits","docAbstract":"<p><span>A continuous-dip inoculation technique for rapid assessment of pathogenicity of </span><i>Fusarium oxysporum</i><span> f. sp. </span><i>niveum</i><span> and </span><i>F. o. melonis</i><span> was developed. The method, adapted from a similar procedure for determining pathogenicity of </span><i>Colletotrichum magna</i><span> (causal agent of anthracnose of cucurbits), involves constant exposure of seedlings and cuttings (seedlings with root systems excised) of watermelon and muskmelon to conidial suspensions contained in small scintillation vials. Disease development in intact seedlings corresponded well to disease responses observed with the standard root-dip inoculation/pot assay. The continuous-dip inoculation technique resulted in rapid disease development, with 50% of watermelon cuttings dying after 4–6 days of exposure to </span><i>F. o. niveum.</i><span> A mortality of 30% also was observed in watermelon cuttings exposed to conidia of </span><i>F. o. melonis,</i><span> as opposed to only a 0–2.5% mortality in seedlings with intact roots. Disease response was similar with muskmelon seedlings and cuttings continuously dip-inoculated with </span><i>F. o. melonis</i><span> isolates. However, no disease symptoms were observed in muskmelon seedlings or cuttings inoculated with </span><i>F. o. niveum.</i><span> Four nonpathogenic isolates of </span><i>F. oxysporum</i><span> did not cause disease symptoms in either watermelon or muskmelon cuttings and seedlings when assayed by this technique. The proposed method enables a rapid screening of pathogenicity and requires less time, labor, and greenhouse space than the standard root-dip inoculation/pot assay. The reliability of the continuous-dip inoculation technique is limited, however, to exposure of intact seedlings at a concentration of 1 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>conidia per milliliter; the method is not accurate at this range for excised seedlings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Phytopathological Society ","doi":"10.1094/PD-77-1198","usgsCitation":"Freeman, S., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1993, A rapid inoculation technique for assessing pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and F. o. melonis on Cucurbits: Plant Disease, v. 77, p. 1198-1201, https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-77-1198.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1201","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905efae4b072a7ac0cad9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, S.","contributorId":78492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199559,"text":"70199559 - 1993 - Multivariate geostatistical analysis of ground-water contamination: A case history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:35:48","indexId":"70199559","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T16:35:19","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate geostatistical analysis of ground-water contamination: A case history","docAbstract":"<p><span>A case history is presented for the application of multivariate geostatistical methods to the problem of estimating pesticide concentrations in ground water from measured concentrations of nitrate and pesticide, when pesticide is under‐sampled. The shallow, poorly confined, sand and gravel aquifer underlying the lower Malheur River basin near Ontario, Oregon is contaminated by nitrate and metabolites of the herbicide Dacthal (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) or DCPA. The results of extensive ground‐water sampling indicate that a significant positive correlation exists between measured nitrate and DCPA concentrations in the aquifer. This suggests that future sampling should include a large number of the less‐expensive nitrate analyses, and these data should be used to support the interpretation of fewer, more expensive DCPA analyses. Sample variograms were computed for nitrate and DCPA concentrations and were fit with isotropic, spherical variogram models with correlation ranges of 4 km. Incorporating measured nitrate concentrations in the DCPA estimates obtained by cokriging reduced estimation variances from 14 to 34%. A simple economic analysis demonstrated that for this aquifer, acquiring additional nitrate samples is a cost‐effective way to reduce estimation variances for DCPA.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00829.x","usgsCitation":"Istok, J.D., Smyth, J.D., and Flint, A.L., 1993, Multivariate geostatistical analysis of ground-water contamination: A case history: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00829.x.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Malheur River basin","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a37e4b034bf6a81961c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smyth, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":208082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smyth","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243607,"text":"70243607 - 1993 - Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 2. Nitrogen fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-13T21:19:20.105956","indexId":"70243607","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T15:47:41","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 2. Nitrogen fluxes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vertical fluxes of nitrogen were examined in hypersaline Mono Lake over a 9-yr period which encompassed the onset, persistence, and breakdown of meromixis. Under monomictic conditions, ammonia, which accumulates in the hypolimnion, is mixed into the euphotic region during autumn overturn. Following the onset of meromixis in 1983 and elimination of the winter period of holomixis, ammonia was depleted in the mixolimnion and accumulated beneath the chemocline. The mean rate of particulate nitrogen deposition, as measured by sediment traps over a 2-yr period during meromixis, was 2.0 mmol m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Until meromixis weakened in 1988, ammonia concentrations in the euphotic zone remained below 5&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i><span>M and increased to ~500&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i><span>M beneath the chemocline. Meromixis ended in November 1988 and a large pulse of ammonia was injected into surface waters, resulting in surface ammonia concentrations of ~45&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i><span>M. Because the pH of Mono Lake is high (9.8) the : ratio is ~5, and elevated surface concentrations of ammonia during the 2 yr following breakdown of meromixis resulted in high losses of nitrogen via ammonia volatilization (mean, ~10 mmol m</span><sup>− 2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). High release rates of ammonia from the sediments were estimated from both the ammonia gradients in pore-water profiles (3–10 mmol m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and the balance of mixolimnetic nitrogen fluxes (4–10 mmol m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). The monimolimnetic balance suggested fluxes of ammonia out of the sediments below the chemocline were reduced during meromixis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1993.38.5.1020","usgsCitation":"Jellison, R., Miller, L., Melack, J., and Dana, G.L., 1993, Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 2. Nitrogen fluxes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 38, no. 5, p. 1020-1039, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.5.1020.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1020","endPage":"1039","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.99661879382569,\n              37.94195204830844\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95506710828823,\n              37.9644526665508\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92803348155314,\n              37.978660032073066\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92903472698798,\n              37.984578956161286\n            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,{"id":70243617,"text":"70243617 - 1993 - Effect of intrastorm isotopic heterogeneities of rainfall, soil water, and groundwater on runoff modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T16:50:48.291256","indexId":"70243617","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T11:06:52","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5644,"text":"IAHS Red Book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Effect of intrastorm isotopic heterogeneities of rainfall, soil water, and groundwater on runoff modeling","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of warm humid regions: Yokohama symposium, 1993, Tracers in hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Tracers in Hydrology","conferenceDate":"July 11-23, 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,{"id":70170907,"text":"70170907 - 1993 - Management Systems Evaluation Areas: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:49:26","indexId":"70170907","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Management Systems Evaluation Areas: An overview","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality, Minneapolis, Minnesota, February 21-24, 1993, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality","conferenceDate":"February 21-24, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J., Anderson, J.L., Alberts, E., Prato, T., Watts, D., Ward, A., Delin, G., and Swank, R., 1993, Management Systems Evaluation Areas: An overview, <i>in</i> Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality, Minneapolis, Minnesota, February 21-24, 1993, Proceedings, Minneapolis, MN, February 21-24, 1993, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57330632e4b0dae0d5dcd1f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, J.L.","contributorId":69593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alberts, E.E.","contributorId":169236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alberts","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":97394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, D.G.","contributorId":169237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ward, Andy","contributorId":7184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swank, Robert","contributorId":169238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swank","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185454,"text":"70185454 - 1993 - A pressure-packer system for conducting rising head tests in water table wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:02:34","indexId":"70185454","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A pressure-packer system for conducting rising head tests in water table wells","docAbstract":"<p><span>The pressure system developed for fully-saturated well screens has been modified for conducting rising head tests in water table wells installed in highly permeable aquifers. The pressure system consists of a compressed air source and 1 inch diameter PVC piping with a packer attached at the end. The pressure system was evaluated in a series of rising head tests conducted in a well at a Superfund site in New England. The well was tested with slugs and with the pressure system. Within each technique, estimates of hydraulic conductivity showed no difference. Comparison of hydraulic conductivity estimates between techniques (slug test vs. pressure test) showed differences due to stratigraphy. The interval tested using slug tests crossed two stratigraphic units; the pressure system tested only one of these units. We conclude that the pressure system may be used to characterize the vertical hydraulic conductivity distribution in a series of successive tests by changing the packer position and the screened interval tested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90259-C","usgsCitation":"Levy, B.S., Pannell, L.J., and Dadoly, J.P., 1993, A pressure-packer system for conducting rising head tests in water table wells: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-2, p. 189-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90259-C.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"189","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ee4b0236b68f98f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levy, Benjamin S.","contributorId":189662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pannell, Lawrence J.","contributorId":189663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pannell","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dadoly, John P.","contributorId":189664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dadoly","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222753,"text":"5222753 - 1993 - Survival of northern pintails banded during winter in North America, 1950-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T17:04:33.813989","indexId":"5222753","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of northern pintails banded during winter in North America, 1950-88","docAbstract":"<p>From 1950 through 1988, the continental breeding population of northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) varied from 2.0 million to 9.9 million. Because pintails have high fidelity to certain wintering grounds along coasts and large bodies of water, management on these wintering areas may increase population size if changes in winter survival rate are related to changes in population size. I used band-recovery data to estimate survival rates for winter-banded pintails and to test for sex-specific, temporal, and geographic variation in survival rates. Survival rate estimates varied between 0.632 and 0.806 for males, and 0.421 and 0.769 for females. Males had higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) average annual survival rates than females. Limited geographic variation occurred in estimates of average annual survival rates for males, and no variation occurred for females. Males had lower average annual survival rates in the Imperial Valley than in central California (<i>P</i> = 0.007) or in the Gulf Coast (<i>P</i> = 0.092). Little annual variation was found within time periods. However, longer-term variation was found in survival rate estimates for males and females. Males had higher (<i>P</i> = 0.054) average annual survival rates in the Pacific Flyway during 1959-61, a period of drought, breeding-population decline, and restrictive hunting regulations, than during 1950-58, a period with a higher breeding population and liberal regulations. The increase in wintering population size in the Pacific Flyway during the 1970's was associated with a higher average annual survival rate for females in the Pacific Flyway than during the 1950's. Results from the Pacific Flyway suggested that an interaction may exist between population size and the effect of harvest regulations on survival of males. 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America\"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63afab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, Jay B. jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"Jay","email":"jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":337046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222833,"text":"5222833 - 1993 - Overwinter distribution of northern pintail populations in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T17:31:28.680894","indexId":"5222833","displayToPublicDate":"1993-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overwinter distribution of northern pintail populations in North America","docAbstract":"<p>Northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) exist as a single circumpolar breeding population but display weak fidelity to given breeding sites. If fidelity to wintering areas is strong, management on wintering grounds may allow local winter populations to increase. Thus, I delineated reference areas for wintering areas based on recovery data for pintails banded during the winter (Dec-Feb) in the United States. Fidelity to these reference areas varied with the strongest fidelity observed for pintails banded in areas along coastal areas or near large bodies of water such as western Washington-northwestern Oregon, central California, northwestern Utah, the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast, and the Greater Chesapeake Bay Region. My analysis suggests that pintails occurred in distinct wintering populations and that wintering ground affiliations to certain areas appear to be more stable population units than breeding ground affiliations. Consequently, winter banding programs may be useful in monitoring survival of specific wintering populations of concern.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809286","usgsCitation":"Hestback, J.B., 1993, Overwinter distribution of northern pintail populations in North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 57, no. 3, p. 582-589, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809286.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"589","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North 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America\"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestback, Jay B.","contributorId":141166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hestback","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70204411,"text":"b1981D - 1993 - Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70204411,"text":"b1981D - 1993 - Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","indexId":"b1981D","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33255,"text":"b1981 - 1993 - Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"b1981","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T16:26:40.734438","indexId":"b1981D","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-16T15:09:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1981","chapter":"D","title":"Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Widespread, intense rainfall in November 1985 produced floods that exceeded all historic events on Cheat River and most of its tributaries. Official discharge estimates for Cheat River ranged from 4,800 to 5,380 m<sup>3</sup> /s (170,000-190,000 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) with a recurrence interval of &gt;100 yr. In addition to considerable property damage and the loss of five lives, the November 1985 flood left a variety of deposits, many of which differ from those produced by&nbsp;moderate floods.&nbsp;</p><p>Clay or silt deposits were uncommon after the flood; most were restricted to slack-water deposits at the mouths of hydraulically dammed or back-flooded tributaries. These slack-water deposits were composed of four different sedimentary units: basal gravel and sand (unit A), sandy loam (unit B), silt loam (unit C), and upper fine sandy loam (unit D). The four units always occurred in the same stratigraphic order, but low-gradient tributaries lacked the top and bottom units. The silt loam unit was deposited by water from Cheat River, but the other three were derived from the tributaries. Simple one-unit sandy slack-water deposits formed near very large boulders and bridges. Neither type of slack-water deposit proved to be an accurate indicator of flood stage, so these deposits may be imprecise paleohydraulic indicators for central Appalachian streams.&nbsp;</p><p>Sand dunes and arcuate splays of cobbles and small boulders developed on flood-plain sites downstream from isolated scours or erosional ramps attached to the river channel. Gravel deposits commonly were juxtaposed on top of sandy preflood alluvium, providing evidence of considerable tractive force in what is normally a low energy overbank environment. The flood transported large volumes of cobbles and boulders from the channel margin to sites hundreds of meters from the channel. Most of the mobilized sediment originated on the flood plain. </p><p>Extremely large boulders (&gt;2.75-m intermediate axes) were transported in two of the steeper reaches of Cheat River. Published empirical equations relating stream competence to mean flow velocity, tractive force, and unit stream power suggest these boulders approached the largest size that a flood of this magnitude could transport.&nbsp;</p><p>Trees and trash appeared to be the most voluminous sediments left by the November 1985 flood. These nonclastic deposits commonly were scattered widely about the flood plain, but they also occurred as clusters of dunelike forms on unforested surfaces or as thick lobate forms on forested bottomlands.&nbsp;</p><p>Postflood mitigation has destroyed most of the November 1985 flood deposits, precluding detailed study of some effects of the flood. If the extensive mitigation had not occurred, some of the morphologic and stratigraphic effects of this extreme flood would have persisted in the Cheat River and Black Fork fluvial systems for centuries.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic studies of the storm and flood of November 3-5, 1985, in the upper Potomac and Cheat River basins in West Virginia and Virginia (Bulletin 1981)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1981D","usgsCitation":"Kite, J.S., and Linton, R.C., 1993, Depositional aspects of the November 1985 Flood on Cheat River and Black Fork, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1981, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1981D.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D24","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cheat River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.89738464355469,\n              39.73834635103298\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89257812499999,\n              39.722504198231405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87197875976562,\n              39.72778532033429\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85824584960938,\n              39.71405356154611\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85618591308594,\n              39.70454535762547\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88914489746094,\n              39.69926245589766\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.90699768066406,\n              39.684468179576236\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88296508789062,\n              39.67442740076734\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8101806640625,\n              39.614152077002664\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.76142883300781,\n              39.59669415226693\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.74769592285156,\n              39.577114881737586\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73052978515625,\n              39.573939343591896\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72984313964844,\n              39.564411856338054\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.71817016601562,\n              39.54800033726552\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68521118164062,\n              39.527348072681455\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68109130859375,\n              39.51516565173217\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64057922363281,\n              39.50139164634394\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64332580566405,\n              39.514106209795585\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66804504394531,\n              39.526288816558626\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6783447265625,\n              39.52999614229506\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68864440917969,\n              39.551706503542654\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72160339355467,\n              39.56705851189888\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.71473693847656,\n              39.58240712203527\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.76554870605469,\n              39.61150721981573\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87266540527344,\n              39.688695439188244\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.84657287597656,\n              39.69662085337441\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8321533203125,\n              39.71246895189433\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.86442565917969,\n              39.73781833792706\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.88090515136719,\n              39.73517821171903\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8932647705078,\n              39.74784989518784\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89738464355469,\n              39.73834635103298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kite, J. S.","contributorId":43440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linton, R. C.","contributorId":66717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169043,"text":"70169043 - 1993 - Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:50:34","indexId":"70169043","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alluvial groundwater adjacent to the main stem river is the principal nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in the Cedar River of Iowa after the river has been in base flow conditions for 5 days. Between two sites along a 116-km reach of the Cedar River, tributaries contributed about 25% of the increase in the atrazine and deethylatrazine load, whereas groundwater from the alluvial aquifer contributed at least 75% of the increase in load. Within the study area, tributaries aggregate almost all of the discharge from tile drains, and yet the tributaries still only contribute 25% of the increase in loads in the main stem river. At an unfamned study site adjacent to the Cedar River, the sources of atrazine and deethylatrazine in the alluvial groundwater are bank storage of river water and groundwater recharge from areas distant from the river. Atrazine and deethylatrazine associated with bank storage water will provide larger concentrations to the river during early base flow conditions. After the depletion of bank storage, stable and smaller concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine, originating from groundwater recharge, continue to be discharged from the alluvial aquifer to the river; thus these results indicate that alluvial aquifers are an important nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in rivers during base flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00290","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Thurman, E., and Furlong, E.T., 1993, Groundwater as a nonpoint source of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a river during base flow conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1719-1729, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00290.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1729","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.61224365234375,\n              41.99624282178583\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.70974731445312,\n              42.001345689029755\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.78390502929688,\n              41.96357478222518\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67678833007812,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62597656249999,\n              41.89512180073503\n            ],\n            [\n              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J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality 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,{"id":70185753,"text":"70185753 - 1993 - Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:11:02","indexId":"70185753","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface waters draining three different volcanoes in Costa Rica, ranging from dormant to moderately active to explosive, have a wide range of solute compositions that partly reflects the contribution of different types of solute-rich, geothermal waters. Three major physical transport vectors affect flows of geothermally derived solutes: thermally driven convection of volcanic gases and geothermal fluids; lateral and gravity-driven downward transport of geothermal fluids; and wind dispersion of ash, gases, and acid rain. Specific vector combinations interact to determine landscape patterns in solute chemistry and biota: indicator taxa of algae and bacteria reflect factors such as high temperature, wind-driven or hydrologically transported acidity, high concentrations of various solutes, and chemical precipitation reactions. Many streams receiving geothermally derived solutes have high levels of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (up to 400 </span><i>µ</i><span>g liter</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), a nutrient that is typically not measured in geochemical studies of geothermal waters. Regional differences in levels of SRP and other solutes among volcanoes were typically not significant due to high local variation in solute levels among geothermally modified streams and between geothermally modified and unmodified streams on each volcano. Geothermal activity along the volcanic spine of Costa Rica provides a natural source of phosphorus, silica, and other solutes and plays an important role in determining emergent landscape patterns in the solute chemistry of surface waters and aquatic biota.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","usgsCitation":"Pringle, C.M., Rowe, G.L., Triska, F.J., Fernandez, J.F., and West, J., 1993, Landscape linkages between geothermal activity and solute composition and ecological response in surface waters draining the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 38, no. 4, p. 753-774, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"753","endPage":"774","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pringle, Catherine M.","contributorId":176292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Jose F.","contributorId":189977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"West, John","contributorId":189976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186688,"text":"70186688 - 1993 - Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T16:56:07.46528","indexId":"70186688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we investigate the feasibility of coupling regional climate models (RCMs) with landscape‐scale hydrologic models (LSHMs) for studies of the effects of climate on hydrologic systems. The RCM used is the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model (MM4). Output from two year‐round simulations (1983 and 1988) over the western United States is used to drive a lake model for Pyramid Lake in Nevada and a streamfiow model for Steamboat Creek in Oregon. Comparisons with observed data indicate that MM4 is able to produce meteorologic data sets that can be used to drive hydrologic models. Results from the lake model simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output produces reasonably good predictions of surface temperature and evaporation. Results from the streamflow simulations indicate that the use of MM4 output results in good simulations of the seasonal cycle of streamflow, but deficiencies in simulated wintertime precipitation resulted in underestimates of streamflow and soil moisture. Further work with climate (multiyear) simulations is necessary to achieve a complete analysis, but the results from this study indicate that coupling of LSHMs and RCMs may be a useful approach for evaluating the effects of climate change on hydrologic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00263","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Use of output from high‐resolution atmospheric models in landscape‐scale hydrologic models: An assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1685-1695, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ce4b09da6799d63f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185755,"text":"70185755 - 1993 - Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:36:34","indexId":"70185755","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1268,"text":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface chemical effects on colloidal stability and transport through porous media were investigated using laboratory column techniques. Approximately 100 nm diameter, spherical, iron oxide particles were synthesized as the mobile colloidal phase. The column packing material was retrieved from a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA. Previous studies have indicated enhanced stability and transport of iron oxide particles due to specific adsorption of some inorganic anions on the iron oxide surface. This phenomenon was further evaluated with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Surfactants constitute a significant mass of the contaminant loading at the Cape Cod site and their presence may contribute to colloidal transport as a significant transport mechanism at the site. Other studies at the site have previously demonstrated the occurrence of this transport mechanism for iron phosphate particles. Photon correlation spectroscopy, micro-electrophoretic mobility, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate particle stability, mobility and size. Adsorption of negatively charged organic and inorganic species onto the surface of the iron oxide particles was shown to significantly enhance particle stability and transport through alterations of the electrokinetic properties of the particle surface. Particle breakthrough generally occurred simultaneously with tritiated water, a conservative tracer. The extent of particle breakthrough was primarily dependent upon colloidal stability and surface charge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7","usgsCitation":"Puls, R.W., Paul, C.J., and Clark, D.A., 1993, Surface chemical effects on colloid stability and transport through natural porous media: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 73, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80022-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9114990234375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              42.12674735753131\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.784912109375,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7638e4b0ee37af29e4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puls, Robert W.","contributorId":93814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puls","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Cynthia J.","contributorId":189978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Donald A.","contributorId":189979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178349,"text":"70178349 - 1993 - Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T15:00:17","indexId":"70178349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endangered Forster's tern (Sternaforsteri) population on Green Bay, Wisconsin has exhibited symptoms of embryotoxicity, congenital deformities, and poor hatching success. The putative causal agents are planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHH). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the toxic potency of PHHs in extracts of Forster's tern eggs taken from Green Bay, Lake Michigan and a reference site, Lake Poygan, WI; and 2) to compare the toxic potencies of the egg extracts with the reproductive data available from the same water bird colonies. The relative toxic potency of the egg extracts was assessed with the H4IIE bioassay system to obtain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ). The average concentrations of TCDD-EQ in Forster's tern eggs were 214.5 pg/g and 23.4 pg/g from Green Bay and Lake Poygan, respectively. The bioassay results presented here concur with the biological effects and chemical analyses information from other studies on the same Forster's tern colonies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(93)90033-2","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D., Kubiak, T., Ankley, G., and Giesy, J., 1993, Dioxin-like toxic potency in Forster's tern eggs from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, North America: Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2079-2084, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90033-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2079","endPage":"2084","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb48e4b0c253bdfff0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":150393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185448,"text":"70185448 - 1993 - Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:17:00","indexId":"70185448","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solute transport concepts in soil are based on speculation that solutes are distributed nonuniformly within large and small pores. Solute concentrations have not previously been measured across a range of pore sizes and examined in relation to soil hydrological properties. For this study, modified pressure cells were used to measure variation in concentration of a solute tracer across a range of pore sizes. Intact cores were removed from the site of a field tracer experiment, and soil water was eluted from 10 or more discrete classes of pore size. Simultaneous changes in water content and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were determined on cores using standard pressure cell techniques. Bromide tracer concentration varied by as much as 100% across the range of pore sizes sampled. Immediately following application of the bromide tracer on field plots, bromide was most concentrated in the largest pores; concentrations were lower in pores of progressively smaller sizes. After 27 days, bromide was most dilute in the largest pores and concentrations were higher in the smaller pores. A sharp, threefold decrease in specific water capacity during elution indicated separation of two major pore size classes at a pressure of 47 cm H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and a corresponding effective pore diameter of 70 μm. Variation in tracer concentration, on the other hand, was spread across the entire range of pore sizes investigated in this study. A two-porosity characterization of the transport domain, based on water retention criteria, only broadly characterized the pattern of variation in tracer concentration across pore size classes during transport through a macroporous soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00529","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., 1993, Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1831-1837, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00529.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1831","endPage":"1837","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185446,"text":"70185446 - 1993 - Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:44:31","indexId":"70185446","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>Subsurface oil, water, and air saturation distributions were determined using 146 samples collected from seven boreholes along a 120-m transect at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota. The field data, collected 10 years after the spill, show a clearly defined oil body that has an oil saturation distribution that appears to be influenced by sediment heterogeneities and water table fluctuations. The center of the oil body has depressed the water-saturated zone boundary and the oil appears to have migrated laterally within the capillary fringe. A multiphase cross-sectional flow model was developed and used to simulate the movement of oil and water at the spill site. Comparisons between observed and simulated oil saturation distributions serve as an indicator of the appropriateness of using such models to predict the actual spread of organic immiscible liquids at spill sites. Sediment hydraulic properties used in the model were estimated from particle size data. The general large-scale features of the observed oil body were reproduced only when hysteresis with oil entrapment and representations of observed spatial variability of hydraulic properties were incorporated into the model. The small-scale details of the observed subsurface oil distribution were not reproduced in the simulations. The discrepancy between observed and simulated oil distributions reflects the considerable uncertainty in model parameter estimates and boundary conditions, three-phase capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability functions, representations of spatial variability of hydraulic properties, and hydrodynamics of the groundwater flow system at the study site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00370","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Herkelrath, W., and Hess, K., 1993, Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1753-1770, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00370.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1753","endPage":"1770","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187139,"text":"70187139 - 1993 - Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T16:40:44","indexId":"70187139","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe","docAbstract":"<p><span>Physical experiments were conducted to investigate the transport of a dissolved volatile organic compound (trichloroethylene, TCE) from shallow groundwater to the unsaturated zone under a variety of conditions including changes in the soil moisture profile and water table position. Experimental data indicated that at moderate groundwater velocities (0.1 m/d), vertical mechanical dispersion was negligible and molecular diffusion was the dominant vertical transport mechanism. Under these conditions, TCE concentrations decreased nearly 3 orders of magnitude across the capillary fringe and soil gas concentrations remained low relative to those of underlying groundwater. Data collected during a water table drop showed a short-term increase in concentrations throughout most of the unsaturated zone, but these concentrations quickly declined and approached initial values after the water table was returned to its original level. In the deep part of the unsaturated zone, the water table drop resulted in a long-term decrease in concentrations, illustrating the effects of hysteresis in the soil moisture profile. A two-dimensional random walk advection-diffusion model was developed to simulate the experimental conditions, and numerical simulations agreed well with experimental data. A simpler, one-dimensional finite-difference diffusion-dispersion model was also developed. One-dimensional simulations based on molecular diffusion also agreed well with experimental data. Simulations which incorporated mechanical dispersion tended to overestimate flux across the capillary fringe. Good agreement between the one- and two-dimensional models suggested that a simple, one-dimensional approximation of vertical transport across the capillary fringe can be useful when conditions are appropriate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00098","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., and Johnson, R.L., 1993, Transport of volatile organic compounds across the capillary fringe: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1675-1683, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00098.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1675","endPage":"1683","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93wr00098","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d620a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":692691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180795,"text":"70180795 - 1993 - Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T12:33:17","indexId":"70180795","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oceanography and geology were the principal focuses of the U.S. Geological Survey-sponsored expedition Arctic Summer West '92, which traveled to the eastern part of the Chukchi Borderland of the Amerasia Basin, western Arctic Ocean. The expedition took place from August 20 to September 25, 1992, aboard the Coast Guard cutter </span><i>Polar Star</i><span>. USGS investigated the geologic framework and tectonic origin of the borderland, Arctic Quaternary paleoclimate, sea-ice transport of particulate matter in the Beaufort Gyre, and possible radionuclide contamination of the water column and seafloor off Alaska from sources in the Russian Arctic. Researchers from five other institutions studied the area's oceanography, age of the water column, paleoenvironment of the Holocene sediment, physical properties and synthetic-aperture radar backscatter of sea ice, and the drop-stone content of late Quaternary sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/93EO00273","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and 1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party, 1993, Cruise to the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Ocean: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 74, no. 22, p. 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1029/93EO00273.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d4e4b0fa1e59bc1e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party","contributorId":179071,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"1992 Arctic Summer West Scientific Party","id":662455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185438,"text":"70185438 - 1993 - Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:51:36","indexId":"70185438","displayToPublicDate":"1993-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several long sediment cores from the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe, a 250-km-long Missouri River reservoir in South Dakota, have been analyzed for radionuclides and stable elements. The combination of fine-scale sampling and rapid sedimentation produces radionuclide distributions that can be used to estimate the detailed chronology of particle transport processes in the Oahe reservoir system. A self-consistent and quantitative treatment of the&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs data suggests processes to which characteristic times may be associated. Times that characterize system-wide processes include (1) an integration time of several years reflecting retention of the sediment-bound tracer in regions within or external to the reservoir, (2) a relaxation time of approximately 15 years reflecting a decreasing rate of sediment accumulation ascribed to shoreline stabilization, (3) a time of a few months characterizing the breadth of riverine signatures in cores due to integration effects in the Cheyenne River system and deltaic deposits, and (4) times of a few years associated with propagation of riverine load signatures along the embayment. The distribution of total sedimentary arsenic confirms the validity of the variable sedimentation model. In 1977, a tailings retention facility was built at the Homestake Mine site, and the unrestricted input of As ceased. As a result of this remedial action, the concentration of sedimentary As decreased dramatically. In the upper section of the core, above the depth represented by the year 1976, the concentration of As decreases tenfold. In this same core the distribution of lithologically discriminating chemical elements, calcium and vanadium, relate to major flow events in the Cheyenne River basin. Because there is minimal diagenesis of chemical constituents in these rapidly accumulating sediments, stable element signatures, in addition to radiotracers, may be used to reconstruct hydrologic events in drainage basins that contribute sediment to lakes and reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00387","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Robbins, J.A., 1993, Transport and accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements in a Missouri River Reservoir: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1787-1804, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00387.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1787","endPage":"1804","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota ","otherGeospatial":"Whitewood Creek-Belle Fourche River-Cheyenne River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04602050781249,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              43.01268088642034\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.97509765625,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.711669921875,\n              43.858296779161826\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.777587890625,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04602050781249,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5ee4b0236b68f98f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":83923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171321,"text":"70171321 - 1993 - Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:49:13","indexId":"70171321","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-10T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system","docAbstract":"<p>Landslides are triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and construction on hillslopes. The leading cause of landslides in Puerto Rico is intense and/or prolonged rainfall. A rainfall threshold for rainfall-triggered landsliding is delimited by 256 storms that occurred between 1959 and 1991 in the central mountains of Puerto Rico, where mean annual rainfall is close to or in excess of 2,000 mm. Forty one of the 256 storms produced intense and/or prolonged rainfall that resulted in tens to hundreds of landslides. A threshold fitted to the lower boundary of the field defined by landslide-triggering storms is expressed as</p>\n<h4>I = 91.46 D&nbsp;<sup>-0.82</sup></h4>\n<p><span>where I is rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour, and D is duration in hours. Landslide-producing storms occurred at an average rate of 1.2 per year. In general the landslides triggered by short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events were mainly shallow soil slips and debris flows, while the long-duration, low-intensity rainfall produced larger, deeper debris avalanches and slumps. For storms that had durations of up to 10 h, landsliding did not occur until rainfall intensity was as much as three times as high as the rainfall intensity reported as sufficient to trigger landsliding in temperate regions. As storm durations approach 100 h, the rainfall conditions necessary to initiate landsliding in Puerto Rico converge with those defined for temperate regions. A comparison of the Puerto Rico threshold with rainfall data from other humid-tropical regions suggests that the threshold developed for Puerto Rico may be applicable to other similar environments throughout the world.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/521049","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Simon, A., 1993, Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 75A, no. 1/2, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.2307/521049.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75A","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3ae4b07e28b664dbf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128293,"text":"70128293 - 1993 - Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T11:22:47","indexId":"70128293","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-05T11:21:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Water management in the '90s: a time for innovation: proceedings of the 20th anniversary conference","conferenceTitle":"Water management in the '90s: a time for innovation","conferenceDate":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Sherk, G.W., and Lamb, B.L., 1993, Instream flows according to the ASCE model state water code, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500aee4b0a4f4b46a23a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherk, G. W.","contributorId":73519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherk","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":71907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243608,"text":"70243608 - 1993 - Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-13T21:52:48.349211","indexId":"70243608","displayToPublicDate":"1993-05-01T16:43:34","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands were studied between 1986 and 1990 at 20 reconnaissance project areas in 17 western states under the Department of Interior's National Irrigation Water Quality Program. Samples of water, bottom sediment, whole‐body fish, and bird livers for analysis of selenium concentrations were collected before, during, and after irrigation season from streams, canals, lakes, and ground water in each project area. Selenium concentrations in water ranged from less than the detection limit of 1 μg/L in 42% of the 586 samples collected to 4,800 μg/L from a well in the Pine River Area, in southern Colorado. Selenium concentrations in 223 samples of bottom sediment ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.1 μg/g to 85 μg/g in a sample from the Middle Green River Basin, in Utah. Selenium concentrations in whole‐body fish (all species) ranged from 0.1 μg to 50 μg per gram dry weight, with the maximum concentration observed in a carp from the Gunnison River Basin, in western Colorado. Selenium concentrations in bird livers (all species) ranged from less than 0.32 μg to 170 μg per gram dry weight with the maximum concentration observed in the liver of an avocet from the Kendrick Reclamation Project, in Wyoming. Cretaceous‐age marine shales probably are the original sources for selenium in 16 of the 20 areas studied. In several areas, evaporative concentration of applied irrigation water and drainage of this water to wetlands, canals, streams, and lakes appears to be responsible for elevated concentrations of selenium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:3(522)","usgsCitation":"Engberg, R., and Sylvester, M.A., 1993, Concentrations, distribution, and sources of selenium from irrigated lands in western United States: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, v. 119, no. 3, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:3(522).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin, Kendrick Reclamation Project, Middle Green River Basin, Pine 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A.","contributorId":104876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engberg","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sylvester, M. A.","contributorId":10838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}