{"pageNumber":"1713","pageRowStart":"42800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70004237,"text":"70004237 - 2011 - Biographical profile of incoming editor Mark Person","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"70004237","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:08:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biographical profile of incoming editor Mark Person","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geofluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00326.x","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Worden, R., and Yardley, B., 2011, Biographical profile of incoming editor Mark Person: Geofluids, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00326.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00326.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f15be4b0c8380cd4ac00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worden, Richard","contributorId":73862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worden","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yardley, Bruce","contributorId":56085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yardley","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037807,"text":"70037807 - 2011 - Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (<i>Canis</i> sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:40:11","indexId":"70037807","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:04:46","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (<i>Canis</i> sp.)","docAbstract":"Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis</i> sp.) sometimes are reported to have affinity to a small, narrow-skulled eastern form (<i>Canis lupus lycaon</i> Schreber, 1775) and sometimes to a larger, broader western form (<i>Canis lupus nubilus</i> Say, 1823). We found that pre-1950 Minnesota wolf skulls were similar in size to those of wolves from southeastern Ontario and smaller than those of western wolves. However, Minnesota wolf skulls during 1970&ndash;1976 showed a shift to the larger, western form. Although Minnesota skull measurements after 1976 were unavailable, rostral ratios from 1969 through 1999 were consistent with hybridization between the smaller eastern wolf and the western form. Our findings help resolve the different taxonomic interpretations of Minnesota skull morphology and are consistent with molecular evidence of recent hybridization or intergradation of the two forms of wolves in Minnesota. Together these data indicate that eastern- and western-type wolves historically mixed and hybridized in Minnesota and continue to do so. Our findings are relevant to a recent government proposal to delist wolves from the endangered species list in Minnesota and surrounding states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","doi":"10.1139/z11-097","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Nowak, R.M., and Weisberg, S., 2011, Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (<i>Canis</i> sp.): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 89, no. 12, p. 1188-1194, https://doi.org/10.1139/z11-097.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-097","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedde4b08c986b32981a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Ronald M.","contributorId":25622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, Sanford","contributorId":36002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Sanford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048815,"text":"70048815 - 2011 - Catfish population characteristics in tailwater and reservoir habitats of the Coosa River, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-08T09:09:51","indexId":"70048815","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:04:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catfish population characteristics in tailwater and reservoir habitats of the Coosa River, Alabama","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Jolley, J.C., and Irwin, E.R., 2011, Catfish population characteristics in tailwater and reservoir habitats of the Coosa River, Alabama: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 77, p. 155-166.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-020798","costCenters":[{"id":193,"text":"Columbia River Fisheries Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e5845e4b02d2057dd95c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolley, Jeff C.","contributorId":49691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolley","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003856,"text":"70003856 - 2011 - Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:32:21.19876","indexId":"70003856","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T08:59:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","title":"Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>On March 11th, 2011, a moment magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Honshu, Japan, generating what may well turn out to be the most costly natural disaster ever. In the hours following the event, the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center led a rapid response to characterize the earthquake in terms of its location, size, faulting source, shaking and slip distributions, and population exposure, in order to place the disaster in a framework necessary for timely humanitarian response. As part of this effort, fast finite-fault inversions using globally distributed body- and surface-wave data were used to estimate the slip distribution of the earthquake rupture. Models generated within 7 hours of the earthquake origin time indicated that the event ruptured a fault up to 300 km long, roughly centered on the earthquake hypocenter, and involved peak slips of 20 m or more. Updates since this preliminary solution improve the details of this inversion solution and thus our understanding of the rupture process. However, significant observations such as the up-dip nature of rupture propagation and the along-strike length of faulting did not significantly change, demonstrating the usefulness of rapid source characterization for understanding the first order characteristics of major earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.5047/eps.2011.05.012","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., 2011, Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 63, no. 7, p. 529-534, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.012.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"534","temporalStart":"2011-03-11","temporalEnd":"2011-03-11","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Tohoku, Honshu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              140.9765625,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ],\n            [\n              142.49267578125,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ],\n            [\n              142.49267578125,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              140.9765625,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              140.9765625,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94b6e4b0c8380cd81590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041866,"text":"70041866 - 2011 - Regional correlations of V<sub><i>S</i>30</sub> averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T16:30:25","indexId":"70041866","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlations of V<sub><i>S</i>30</sub> averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters","docAbstract":"Using velocity profiles from sites in Japan, California, Turkey, and Europe, we find that the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m (<i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub>), used as a proxy for site amplification in recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and building codes, is strongly correlated with average velocities to depths less than 30 m (<i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub>, with <i>z</i> being the averaging depth). The correlations for sites in Japan (corresponding to the KiK-net network) show that <i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub> is systematically larger for a given <i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub> than for profiles from the other regions. The difference largely results from the placement of the KiK-net station locations on rock and rocklike sites, whereas stations in the other regions are generally placed in urban areas underlain by sediments. Using the KiK-net velocity profiles, we provide equations relating <i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> to <i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub> for <i>z</i> ranging from 5 to 29 m in 1-m increments. These equations (and those for California velocity profiles given in Boore, 2004b) can be used to estimate <i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> from <i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub> for sites in which velocity profiles do not extend to 30 m. The scatter of the residuals decreases with depth, but, even for an averaging depth of 5 m, a variation in log<i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> of ±1 standard deviation maps into less than a 20% uncertainty in ground motions given by recent GMPEs at short periods. The sensitivity of the ground motions to <i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> uncertainty is considerably larger at long periods (but is less than a factor of 1.2 for averaging depths greater than about 20 m). We also find that <i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> is correlated with <i>V</i><sub><i>Sz</i></sub> for <i>z</i> as great as 400 m for sites of the KiK-net network, providing some justification for using <i>V</i><sub><i>S</i>30</sub> as a site-response variable for predicting ground motions at periods for which the wavelengths far exceed 30 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110071","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., Thompson, E., and Cadet, H., 2011, Regional correlations of V<sub><i>S</i>30</sub> averaged over depths less than and greater than 30 meters: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 3046-3059, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110071.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3046","endPage":"3059","ipdsId":"IP-028408","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264656,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110071"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b9e4b0e8fec6cdbc29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M.","contributorId":79193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric M.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cadet, Heloise","contributorId":58165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadet","given":"Heloise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041801,"text":"70041801 - 2011 - Testing long-period ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes using the Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock: Evaluation of finite-fault rupture characterization and 3D seismic velocity models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:09:48","indexId":"70041801","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Testing long-period ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes using the <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock: Evaluation of finite-fault rupture characterization and 3D seismic velocity models","title":"Testing long-period ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes using the Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock: Evaluation of finite-fault rupture characterization and 3D seismic velocity models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Using a suite of five hypothetical finite-fault rupture models, we test the ability of long-period (</span><i>T</i><span>&gt;2.0 s) ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes to produce waveforms throughout southern California consistent with those recorded during the 4 April 2010<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. The hypothetical ruptures are generated using the methodology proposed by<span>&nbsp;</span></span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"rf15\">Graves and Pitarka (2010)</a><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and require, as inputs, only a general description of the fault location and geometry, event magnitude, and hypocenter, as would be done for a scenario event. For each rupture model, two Southern California Earthquake Center three-dimensional community seismic velocity models (CVM-4m and CVM-H62) are used, resulting in a total of 10 ground-motion simulations, which we compare with recorded ground motions. While the details of the motions vary across the simulations, the median levels match the observed peak ground velocities reasonably well, with the standard deviation of the residuals generally within 50% of the median. Simulations with the CVM-4m model yield somewhat lower variance than those with the CVM-H62 model. Both models tend to overpredict motions in the San Diego region and underpredict motions in the Mojave desert. Within the greater Los Angeles basin, the CVM-4m model generally matches the level of observed motions, whereas the CVM-H62 model tends to overpredict the motions, particularly in the southern portion of the basin. The variance in the peak velocity residuals is lowest for a rupture that has significant shallow slip (&lt;5&nbsp;km depth), whereas the variance in the residuals is greatest for ruptures with large asperities below 10&nbsp;km depth. Overall, these results are encouraging and provide confidence in the predictive capabilities of the simulation methodology, while also suggesting some regions in which the seismic velocity models may need improvement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120100233","usgsCitation":"Graves, R.W., and Aagaard, B.T., 2011, Testing long-period ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes using the Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah mainshock: Evaluation of finite-fault rupture characterization and 3D seismic velocity models: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 2, p. 895-907, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100233.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"907","ipdsId":"IP-023930","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc592fe4b00ab7c548c6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042249,"text":"sir201151206 - 2011 - Nearshore biological communities prior to the removal of the Elwha River dams: Chapter 6 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-29T20:23:11","indexId":"sir201151206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-6","title":"Nearshore biological communities prior to the removal of the Elwha River dams: Chapter 6 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","docAbstract":"Increases in sediment delivery to coastal waters are expected following removal of dams on the Elwha River, Washington, potentially increasing sediment deposition on the seafloor and suspended sediment in the water column. Biological communities inhabiting shallow, subtidal depths\n(3–18 m) near the mouth of the Elwha River, between the west end of Freshwater Bay and the base of Ediz Hook, were surveyed in August and September 2008, to establish baselines prior to dam removal. Density was estimated for 9 kelp taxa, 65 taxa of invertebrates larger than 2.5 cm any dimension and 24 fish taxa. Density averaged over all sites was 3.1 per square meter (/m<sup>2</sup>) for kelp, 2.7/m<sup>2</sup> for invertebrates, and 0.1/m<sup>2</sup> for fish. Community structure was partly controlled by substrate type, seafloor relief, and depth. On average, 12 more taxa occurred where boulders were present compared to areas lacking boulders but with similar base substrate. Four habitat types were identified: (1) Bedrock/boulder reefs had the highest kelp density and taxa richness, and were characterized by a canopy of <i>Nereocystis leutkeana</i> (bull kelp) at the water surface and a secondary canopy of perennial kelp 1–2 m above the seafloor; (2) Mixed sand and gravel-cobble habitats with moderate relief provided by boulders had the highest density of invertebrates and a taxa richness nearly equivalent to that for bedrock/boulder reefs; (3) Mixed sand and gravel-cobble habitats lacking boulders supported a moderate density of kelp, primarily annual species with low growth forms (blades close to the seafloor), and the lowest invertebrate density among habitats; and (4) Sand habitats had the lowest kelp density and taxa richness among habitats and a moderate density of invertebrates. Uncertainties about nearshore community responses to increases in deposited and suspended sediments highlight the opportunity to advance scientific understanding by measuring responses following dam removal.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (SIR 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151206","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/\" target=\"_blank\">Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120</a>","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Miller, I.M., Elder, N., Reisenbichler, R.R., and Duda, J., 2011, Nearshore biological communities prior to the removal of the Elwha River dams: Chapter 6 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-6, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151206.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264928,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch6.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5832,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e095e8e4b0fec3206ee7f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509136,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509135,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509134,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elder, Nancy","contributorId":96982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041771,"text":"70041771 - 2011 - Using the 2011 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i>9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T22:13:57","indexId":"70041771","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the 2011 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i>9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure","docAbstract":"The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provides an unprecedented test of the extent to which Coulomb stress transfer governs the triggering of aftershocks. During 11-31 March, there were 177 aftershocks with focal mechanisms, and so the Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture can be resolved on the aftershock nodal planes to learn whether they were brought closer to failure. Numerous source models for the mainshock have been inverted from seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations. Here, we show that, among six tested source models, there is a mean 47% gain in positively-stressed aftershock mechanisms over that for the background (1997-10 March 2011) earthquakes, which serve as the control group. An aftershock fault friction of 0.4 is found to fit the data better than 0.0 or 0.8, and among all the tested models, Wei and Sladen (2011) produced the largest gain, 63%. We also calculate that at least 5 of the seven large, exotic, or remote aftershocks were brought ≥0.3 bars closer to failure. With these tests as confirmation, we calculate that large sections of the Japan trench megathrust, the outer trench slope normal faults, the Kanto fragment beneath Tokyo, and the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, were also brought ≥0.3 bars closer to failure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Planets and Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Terrapub","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","doi":"10.5047/eps.2011.05.010","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Lin, J., and Stein, R.S., 2011, Using the 2011 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i>9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 63, no. 7, p. 725-730, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"730","ipdsId":"IP-029247","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264027,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 122.9,24.0 ], [ 122.9,45.5 ], [ 154.0,45.5 ], [ 154.0,24.0 ], [ 122.9,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb583de4b09e092d6f0436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040607,"text":"70040607 - 2011 - Pelagic Piscivory Under Shifting Environmental Gradients: Application of A Visual Foraging Model To Diel and Seasonal Sonic Telemetry of Cutthroat Trout In Strawberry Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:16:46","indexId":"70040607","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Pelagic Piscivory Under Shifting Environmental Gradients: Application of A Visual Foraging Model To Diel and Seasonal Sonic Telemetry of Cutthroat Trout In Strawberry Reservoir","largerWorkTitle":"Abstracts from the 2011 Joint Annual Meeting of the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology and Washington Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Held at the Wesley Inn, Gig Harbor, Washington, March 23�25, 2011, Northwestern Naturalist, v.92, no.2, p. 136�166","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, D.A., Hansen, A., and Baldwin, C.M., 2011, Pelagic Piscivory Under Shifting Environmental Gradients: Application of A Visual Foraging Model To Diel and Seasonal Sonic Telemetry of Cutthroat Trout In Strawberry Reservoir, <i>in</i> Abstracts from the 2011 Joint Annual Meeting of the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology and Washington Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Held at the Wesley Inn, Gig Harbor, Washington, March 23�25, 2011, Northwestern Naturalist, v.92, no.2, p. 136�166.","ipdsId":"IP-038186","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e1596e4b071e86a19a48e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Adam G.","contributorId":103947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Adam G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Casey M.","contributorId":46858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042199,"text":"70042199 - 2011 - Selectivity evaluation for two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample Lake Erie walleyes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T18:28:42","indexId":"70042199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selectivity evaluation for two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample Lake Erie walleyes","docAbstract":"We used length frequencies of captured walleyes <i>Sander vitreus</i> to indirectly estimate and compare selectivity between two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample fish in Lake Erie: (1) a multifilament configuration currently used by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) with stretched-measure mesh sizes ranging from 51 to 127 mm and a constant filament diameter (0.37 mm); and (2) a monofilament configuration with mesh sizes ranging from 38 to 178 mm and varying filament diameter (range = 0.20–0.33 mm). Paired sampling with the two configurations revealed that the catch of walleyes smaller than 250 mm and larger than 600 mm was greater in the monofilament configuration than in the multifilament configuration, but the catch of 250–600-mm fish was greater in the multifilament configuration. Binormal selectivity functions yielded the best fit to observed walleye catches for both gill-net configurations based on model deviances. Incorporation of deviation terms in the binormal selectivity functions (i.e., to relax the assumption of geometric similarity) further improved the fit to observed catches. The final fitted selectivity functions produced results similar to those from the length-based catch comparisons: the monofilament configuration had greater selectivity for small and large walleyes and the multifilament configuration had greater selectivity for mid-sized walleyes. Computer simulations that incorporated the fitted binormal selectivity functions indicated that both nets were likely to result in some bias in age composition estimates and that the degree of bias would ultimately be determined by the underlying condition, mortality rate, and growth rate of the Lake Erie walleye population. Before the ODNR switches its survey gear, additional comparisons of the different gill-net configurations, such as fishing the net pairs across a greater range of depths and at more locations in the lake, should be conducted to maintain congruence in the fishery-independent survey time series.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.623758","usgsCitation":"Vandergoot, C.S., Kocovsky, P., Brenden, T.O., and Liu, W., 2011, Selectivity evaluation for two experimental gill-net configurations used to sample Lake Erie walleyes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 5, p. 832-842, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.623758.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"832","endPage":"842","ipdsId":"IP-026640","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264916,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.623758"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.4797,41.3971 ], [ -83.4797,43.2635 ], [ -78.8539,43.2635 ], [ -78.8539,41.3971 ], [ -83.4797,41.3971 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4c0a5e4b0e8fec6ce0210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher S.","contributorId":71849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenden, Travis O.","contributorId":13876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenden","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Weihai","contributorId":104786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Weihai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044529,"text":"70044529 - 2011 - A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T20:19:01","indexId":"70044529","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data","docAbstract":"A meaningful interpretation of geophysical measurements requires an assessment of the space of models that are consistent with the data, rather than just a single, ‘best’ model which does not convey information about parameter uncertainty. For this purpose, a trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is developed for assessing frequencydomain electromagnetic (FDEM) data acquired from airborne or ground-based systems. By sampling the distribution of models that are consistent with measured data and any prior knowledge, valuable inferences can be made about parameter values such as the likely depth to an interface, the distribution of possible resistivity values as a function of depth and non-unique relationships between parameters. The trans-dimensional aspect of the algorithm allows the number of layers to be a free parameter that is controlled by the data, where models with fewer layers are inherently favoured, which provides a natural measure of parsimony and a significant degree of flexibility in parametrization. The MCMC algorithm is used with synthetic examples to illustrate how the distribution of acceptable models is affected by the choice of prior information, the system geometry and configuration and the uncertainty in the measured system elevation. An airborne FDEM data set that was acquired for the purpose of hydrogeological characterization is also studied. The results compare favorably with traditional least-squares analysis, borehole resistivity and lithology logs from the site, and also provide new information about parameter uncertainty necessary for model assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., 2011, A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, p. 252-272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x.","startPage":"252","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-026128","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269486,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x"},{"id":269487,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1524&context=usgsstaffpub"}],"country":"United States","volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51459461e4b0c47b5d322a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70154900,"text":"70154900 - 2011 - Persistence of the longnose darter (<i>P. nasuta</i>) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:40:05","indexId":"70154900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of the longnose darter (<i>P. nasuta</i>) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>The longnose darter Percina nasuta (Bailey) is one of Oklahoma&rsquo;s rarest fish species (1) and is listed by the state as endangered. Throughout the rest of its range, which includes Missouri, Arkansas and the far eastern portion of Oklahoma, the longnose darter is classified as &ldquo;rare&rdquo; or &ldquo;threatened&rdquo; (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1). This species inhabits both slow- and fast-water habitats with cobble and gravel substrates in medium to large streams (7, 8, 1). Oklahoma populations of longnose darter are known to occur only in the Poteau River and Lee Creek drainages in Le Flore and Sequoyah counties, respectively (9, 10). Cross and Moore (9) collected longnose darters from the Poteau River in 1947. The species was not collected in a subsequent survey of the Poteau River in 1974 (11), possibly because of the effects from the Wister Dam, which was completed in 1949. Darters are especially susceptible to flow alterations from dams (2, 12). This, together with the 1992 completion of Lee Creek Reservoir in Arkansas, has raised concern for the Lee Creek population of longnose darters (13).</p>\n<p>Lee Creek is one of Oklahoma&rsquo;s six rivers designated as \"scenic\" by the Oklahoma Legislature. Lee Creek is located&nbsp;on the Oklahoma-Arkansas border in far eastern Oklahoma. The headwaters originate in northwestern Arkansas and flow south towards the Arkansas River. While the majority of the stream is in Arkansas, a portion flows into Oklahoma northwest of Uniontown, AR and continues for 28.2 river-km before crossing back into Arkansas near Van Buren, AR. The hydrology of lower Lee Creek has been altered by Lee Creek Reservoir near Van Buren, AR. It was believed that pre-impounded Lee Creek had the largest existing population of longnose darters (8). However, the most recent fish surveys in Lee Creek were conducted approximately twenty years ago. Robinson (8) surveyed Lee Creek in Arkansas, upstream of the Oklahoma border, and found longnose darters upstream of Natural Dam, AR. Wagner et al. (10) were the last to document longnose darter presence in the Oklahoma segment of Lee Creek. No efforts to collect this species in Oklahoma have occurred since the completion of Lee Creek Reservoir. Our objective was to determine whether the species persist in this segment of its historic range since impoundment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Weatherford, OK","usgsCitation":"Gatlin, M.R., and Long, J.M., 2011, Persistence of the longnose darter (<i>P. nasuta</i>) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 11-14.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026882","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.okstate.edu/OAS/oas_htm_files/v91/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Lee Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.54833984375,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.41650390625,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.46044921875,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.16357421875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.44921875,\n              33.779147331286474\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6689453125,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.43798828125,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              33.76088200086917\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2509765625,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.2177734375,\n              33.97980872872457\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.20654296875,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.42626953125,\n              34.32529192442733\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.68994140625,\n              34.21634468843465\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.01953125,\n              34.615126683462194\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.04150390625,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0517578125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c7e4b05d6c4e501ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatlin, Michael R.","contributorId":141324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatlin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154904,"text":"70154904 - 2011 - The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:47:26","indexId":"70154904","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline","docAbstract":"<p>Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been extensively used for marking a variety of fish species, but has never been successfully used to mark channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish fingerlings (~ 25 mm TL) obtained from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at Byron Fish Hatchery were kept in Living Streams (791 to 1,018 L) equipped with recirculation units. Marking trials consisted of immersing channel catfish in one of three concentrations (250, 450, and 700 mg/L) OTC hydrochloride [HCl] for 6 hours. Samples of channel catfish were obtained from each group at 1-week and 4-week postimmersion. Lapilli otoliths and pectoral spines were removed to assess mark presence with an epi-fluorescent compound microscope. After one week, no marks were detected on pectoral spines for all treatments, mark detection on otoliths depended on concentration, but never exceeded 43% (700 mg/L). After four weeks, all otoliths and pectoral spines were determined marked for 700 mg/L OTC, 20% for fish immersed in 450 mg/L OTC, and 0% were marked after four weeks at the 250 mg/L OTC. Results show, channel catfish fingerlings can be successfully marked with immersion in OTC at 700 mg/L for at least 6 hours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., 2011, The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 31-36.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024894","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/issue/view/340"}],"volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d5e4b05d6c4e501adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003815,"text":"70003815 - 2011 - Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T14:35:53","indexId":"70003815","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","docAbstract":"The USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps are updated about every six years by incorporating newly vetted science on earthquakes and ground motions. The 2008 hazard maps for the central and eastern United States region (CEUS) were updated by using revised New Madrid and Charleston source models, an updated seismicity catalog and an estimate of magnitude uncertainties, a distribution of maximum magnitudes, and several new ground-motion prediction equations. The new models resulted in significant ground-motion changes at 5 Hz and 1 Hz spectral acceleration with 5% damping compared to the 2002 version of the hazard maps. The 2008 maps have now been incorporated into the 2009 NEHRP Recommended Provisions, the 2010 ASCE-7 Standard, and the 2012 International Building Code. The USGS is now planning the next update of the seismic hazard maps, which will be provided to the code committees in December 2013. Science issues that will be considered for introduction into the CEUS maps include: 1) updated recurrence models for New Madrid sources, including new geodetic models and magnitude estimates; 2) new earthquake sources and techniques considered in the 2010 model developed by the nuclear industry; 3) new NGA-East ground-motion models (currently under development); and 4) updated earthquake catalogs. We will hold a regional workshop in late 2011 or early 2012 to discuss these and other issues that will affect the seismic hazard evaluation in the CEUS.","largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Society of America, 2011 Annual Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Peterson, M., and Mueller, C., 2011, Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps, <i>in</i> Seismological Society of America, 2011 Annual Meeting.","ipdsId":"IP-026828","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e158de4b071e86a19a45f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, M.D.","contributorId":90614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, C.S.","contributorId":45310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174350,"text":"70174350 - 2011 - Aeromagnetic anomalies over faulted strata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T10:49:10","indexId":"70174350","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic anomalies over faulted strata","docAbstract":"<p>High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys are now an industry standard and they commonly detect anomalies that are attributed to faults within sedimentary basins. However, detailed studies identifying geologic sources of magnetic anomalies in sedimentary environments are rare in the literature. Opportunities to study these sources have come from well-exposed sedimentary basins of the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico and Colorado. High-resolution aeromagnetic data from these areas reveal numerous, curvilinear, low-amplitude (2&ndash;15 nT at 100-m terrain clearance) anomalies that consistently correspond to intrasedimentary normal faults (Figure 1). Detailed geophysical and rock-property studies provide evidence for the magnetic sources at several exposures of these faults in the central Rio Grande rift (summarized in Grauch and Hudson, 2007, and Hudson et al., 2008). A key result is that the aeromagnetic anomalies arise from the juxtaposition of magnetically differing strata at the faults as opposed to chemical processes acting at the fault zone. The studies also provide (1) guidelines for understanding and estimating the geophysical parameters controlling aeromagnetic anomalies at faulted strata (Grauch and Hudson), and (2) observations on key geologic factors that are favorable for developing similar sedimentary sources of aeromagnetic anomalies elsewhere (Hudson et al.).</p>\n<p>High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys are now an industry standard and they commonly detect anomalies that are attributed to faults within sedimentary basins. However, detailed studies identifying geologic sources of magnetic anomalies in sedimentary environments are rare in the literature. Opportunities to study these sources have come from well-exposed sedimentary basins of the Rio Grande rift in New Mexico and Colorado. High-resolution aeromagnetic data from these areas reveal numerous, curvilinear, low-amplitude (2&ndash;15 nT at 100-m terrain clearance) anomalies that consistently correspond to intrasedimentary normal faults (Figure 1). Detailed geophysical and rock-property studies provide evidence for the magnetic sources at several exposures of these faults in the central Rio Grande rift (summarized in Grauch and Hudson, 2007, and Hudson et al., 2008). A key result is that the aeromagnetic anomalies arise from the juxtaposition of magnetically differing strata at the faults as opposed to chemical processes acting at the fault zone. The studies also provide (1) guidelines for understanding and estimating the geophysical parameters controlling aeromagnetic anomalies at faulted strata (Grauch and Hudson), and (2) observations on key geologic factors that are favorable for developing similar sedimentary sources of aeromagnetic anomalies elsewhere (Hudson et al.).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3663396","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Hudson, M., 2011, Aeromagnetic anomalies over faulted strata: The Leading Edge, v. 30, no. 11, p. 1242-1252, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3663396.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1242","endPage":"1252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029380","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c335e4b0e02680be58f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190172,"text":"70190172 - 2011 - Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T13:44:09","indexId":"70190172","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pine forest in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming, USA, are experiencing the most severe mountain pine beetle epidemic in recorded history, and possible degradation of drinking-water quality is a major concern. The objective of this study was to investigate possible changes in soil and water chemistry in Grand County, Colorado in response to the epidemic, and to identify major controlling influences on stream-water nutrients and C in areas affected by the mountain pine beetle. Soil moisture and soil N increased in soils beneath trees killed by the mountain pine beetle, reflecting reduced evapotranspiration and litter accumulation and decay. No significant changes in stream-water&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>NO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>3</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>or dissolved organic C were observed; however, total N and total P increased, possibly due to litter breakdown or increased productivity related to warming air temperatures. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that % of basin affected by mountain pine beetles had minimal influence on stream-water<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>NO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>3</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and dissolved organic C; instead, other basin characteristics, such as percent of the basin classified as forest, were much more important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.096","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Rhoades, C., Briggs, J.S., Caldwell, M.K., and Lewis, W.M., 2011, Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, Supplement, p. S174-S178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.096.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"S174","endPage":"S178","ipdsId":"IP-027753","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Grand County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.765380859375,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.84228515625,\n              40.35073056591789\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.93017578125,\n              40.35073056591789\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.01943969726562,\n              40.347590756726525\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1224365234375,\n              40.329795743702064\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19247436523438,\n              40.23026664265011\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.24740600585938,\n              40.153686857794035\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.25015258789062,\n              40.0602055157046\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.23504638671875,\n              39.97922477476731\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.23779296875,\n              39.93922484079194\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1883544921875,\n              39.88023492849342\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1444091796875,\n              39.854937988531276\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.094970703125,\n              39.83490462943255\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.05377197265625,\n              39.77265852521458\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.03591918945312,\n              39.71775084250469\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99197387695312,\n              39.701903957315274\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.941162109375,\n              39.69873414348139\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.92193603515625,\n              39.71458175667416\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.88623046874999,\n              39.73781833792706\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.89584350585938,\n              39.782157335750675\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.87936401367188,\n              39.805371130943854\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.80245971679688,\n              39.823303697329386\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7598876953125,\n              39.85282948915942\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7269287109375,\n              39.90657598772839\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.68023681640625,\n              40.10118506258701\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.68984985351562,\n              40.23970199781759\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.70632934570311,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.73379516601562,\n              40.31827882257792\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.765380859375,\n              40.34654412118006\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26, Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59940849e4b0fe2b9fe8afa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhoades, Charles","contributorId":82826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhoades","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Jenny S. 0000-0001-7454-6928 jsbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-6928","contributorId":3087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jenny","email":"jsbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Megan K. mcaldwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Megan","email":"mcaldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, William M. Jr.","contributorId":189849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004721,"text":"70004721 - 2011 - Estimating groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:03:46.810237","indexId":"70004721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater recharge is the entry of fresh water into the saturated portion of the subsurface part of the hydrologic cycle, the modifier “saturated” indicating that the pressure of the pore water is greater than atmospheric. Briefly stated, recharge is downward flux across the water table. The term “groundwater recharge” can refer either to the multiple interacting processes generating and controlling the flux or to the flux</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;itself. When referring to flux,&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;can represent either (1) a value integrated over large areas and long periods of time or (2) a point value, or instantaneous flux density, that varies erratically as well as continuously in time and space. Knowing how&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;is distributed through space and time is required for understanding the dynamics of groundwater flow and transport in any watershed, aquifer, or selected domain of interest and for understanding heads, flow paths, and discharges to streams, wetlands, and other surface water bodies. Clearly among the most important of hydrologic fluxes,&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;is also one of the most difficult to measure. Advancements in hydrologic science have proceeded surprisingly in lockstep with advances in determining&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO320008","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., 2011, Estimating groundwater recharge: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 32, p. 269-269, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO320008.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo320008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":261767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b20e4b0c8380cd525a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042246,"text":"sir201151202 - 2011 - Anticipated sediment delivery to the lower Elwha River during and following dam removal: Chapter 2 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T23:09:25","indexId":"sir201151202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-2","title":"Anticipated sediment delivery to the lower Elwha River during and following dam removal: Chapter 2 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","docAbstract":"During and after the planned incremental removal of two large, century-old concrete dams between 2011 and 2014, the sediment-transport regime in the lower Elwha River of western Washington will initially spike above background levels and then return to pre-dam conditions some years after complete dam removal. Measurements indicate the upper reaches of the steep-gradient Elwha River, draining the northeast section of the Olympic Mountains, carries between an estimated 120,000 and 290,000 cubic meters of sediment annually. This large load has deposited an estimated 19 million cubic meters of sediment within the two reservoirs formed by the Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams. It is anticipated that from 7 to 8 million cubic meters of this trapped sediment will mobilize and transport downstream during and after dam decommissioning, restoring the downstream sections of the sediment-starved river and nearshore marine environments. Downstream transport of sediment from the dam sites will have significant effects on channel morphology, water quality, and aquatic habitat during and after dam removal. Sediment concentrations are expected to be between 200 and 1,000 milligrams per liter during and just after dam removal and could rise to as much as 50,000 milligrams per liter during high flows. Downstream sedimentation in the river channel and flood plain will be potentially large, particularly in the lower Elwha River, an alluvial reach with a wide flood plain. Overall aggradation could be as much as one to several meters. Not all reservoir sediment, however, will be released to the river. Some material will remain on hill slopes and flood plains within the drained reservoirs in quantities that will depend on the hydrology, precipitation, and mechanics of the incising channel. Eventually, vegetation will stabilize this remaining reservoir sediment, and the overall sediment load in the restored river will return to pre-dam levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (SIR 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151202","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 2 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/\" target=\"_blank\">Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120</a>","usgsCitation":"Czuba, C.R., Randle, T.J., Bountry, J.A., Magirl, C.S., Czuba, J., Curran, C.A., and Konrad, C.P., 2011, Anticipated sediment delivery to the lower Elwha River during and following dam removal: Chapter 2 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-2, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151202.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264922,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5832,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d0e9e4b0a4aa5bb0b071","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509130,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509128,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randle, Timothy J.","contributorId":90994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":471082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bountry, Jennifer A.","contributorId":30114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bountry","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":471081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042250,"text":"sir201151207 - 2011 - Aquatic ecology of the Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Chapter 7 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-29T20:37:42","indexId":"sir201151207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-7","title":"Aquatic ecology of the Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Chapter 7 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","docAbstract":"The removal of two long-standing dams on the Elwha River in Washington State will initiate a suite of biological and physical changes to the estuary at the river mouth. Estuaries represent a transition between freshwater and saltwater, have unique assemblages of plants and animals, and are a critical habitat for some salmon species as they migrate to the ocean. This chapter summarizes a number of studies in the Elwha River estuary, and focuses on physical and biological aspects of the ecosystem that are expected to change following dam removal. Included are data sets that summarize (1) water chemistry samples collected over a 16 month period; (2) beach seining activities targeted toward describing the fish assemblage of the estuary and migratory patterns of juvenile salmon; (3) descriptions of the aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate communities in the estuary, which represent an important food source for juvenile fish and are important water quality indicators; and (4) the diet and growth patterns of juvenile Chinook salmon in the lower Elwha River and estuary. These data represent baseline conditions of the ecosystem after nearly a century of changes due to the dams and will be useful in monitoring the changes to the river and estuary following dam removal.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (SIR 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151207","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 7 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/\" target=\"_blank\">Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120</a>","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Beirne, M., Larsen, K., Barry, D., Stenberg, K., and McHenry, M.L., 2011, Aquatic ecology of the Elwha River estuary prior to dam removal: Chapter 7 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-7, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151207.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"224","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264930,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5832,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d0ede4b0a4aa5bb0b07b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509137,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beirne, Matthew M.","contributorId":66984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, Kimberly","contributorId":95569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, Dwight","contributorId":54483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"Dwight","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl","contributorId":98192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McHenry, Michael L.","contributorId":39672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHenry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70173750,"text":"70173750 - 2011 - Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:59:00.353981","indexId":"70173750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) in Vermont, USA","title":"Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We demonstrate how home range and habitat use analysis can inform landscape-scale conservation planning for the bobcat,&nbsp;</span><i>Lynx rufus</i><span>, in Vermont USA. From 2005 to 2008, we outfitted fourteen bobcats with GPS collars that collected spatially explicit locations from individuals every 4&nbsp;h for 3&ndash;4&nbsp;months. Kernel home range techniques were used to estimate home range size and boundaries, and to quantify the utilization distribution (UD), which is a spatially explicit, topographic mapping of how different areas within the home range are used. We then used GIS methods to quantify both biotic (e.g. habitat types, stream density) and abiotic (e.g. slope) resources within each bobcat&rsquo;s home range. Across bobcats, upper 20th UD percentiles (core areas) had 18% less agriculture, 42% less development, 26% more bobcat habitat (shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types), and 33% lower road density than lower UD percentiles (UD valleys). For each bobcat, we used Akaike&rsquo;s Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate and compare 24 alternative Resource Utilization Functions (hypotheses) that could explain the topology of the individual&rsquo;s UD. A model-averaged population-level Resource Utilization Function suggested positive responses to shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types within 1&nbsp;km of a location, and negative responses to roads and mixed forest cover types within 1&nbsp;km of a location. Applying this model-averaged function to each pixel in the study area revealed habitat suitability for bobcats across the entire study area, with suitability scores ranging between &minus;1.69 and 1.44, where higher values were assumed to represent higher quality habitat. The southern Champlain Valley, which contained ample wetland and shrub habitat, was a concentrated area of highly suitable habitat, while areas at higher elevation areas were less suitable. Female bobcat home ranges, on average, had an average habitat suitability score of near 0, indicating that home ranges consisted of both beneficial and detrimental habitat types. We discuss the application of habitat suitability mapping and home range requirements for bobcat conservation and landscape scale management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Applied Science Publishers Oxford","publisherLocation":"Essex, England","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026","usgsCitation":"Donovan, T., Freeman, M., Abouelezz, H., Royar, K., Howard, A.D., and Mickey, R., 2011, Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 12, p. 2799-2809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2799","endPage":"2809","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023050","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Addison County, Chittenden County, Lamoille County, Washington County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":2803,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Addison\",\"state\":\"VT\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.3132,44.2637],[-73.2704,44.2603],[-73.2493,44.2614],[-73.1333,44.2743],[-73.0696,44.2837],[-73.0689,44.28],[-73.0166,44.2848],[-73.0199,44.3026],[-73.0001,44.2999],[-72.9733,44.2941],[-72.9691,44.2458],[-72.9532,44.1615],[-72.9348,44.1639],[-72.9348,44.163],[-72.9288,44.1252],[-72.9216,44.0937],[-72.9196,44.0833],[-72.917,44.0719],[-72.8973,44.0733],[-72.8966,44.0733],[-72.8775,44.0679],[-72.8539,44.0611],[-72.8266,44.0539],[-72.7418,44.0295],[-72.7912,43.9615],[-72.8101,43.936],[-72.8158,43.9373],[-72.8328,43.9109],[-72.8656,43.8611],[-72.8745,43.8643],[-72.8766,43.9016],[-72.9722,43.8681],[-72.9586,43.8262],[-72.994,43.8134],[-73.0168,43.8046],[-73.0285,43.8451],[-73.0291,43.8469],[-73.0608,43.8454],[-73.0843,43.8449],[-73.1566,43.8427],[-73.1553,43.8395],[-73.2193,43.8369],[-73.2065,43.7664],[-73.235,43.764],[-73.3648,43.7532],[-73.3637,43.7544],[-73.3616,43.7568],[-73.3597,43.7591],[-73.3578,43.7621],[-73.356,43.7651],[-73.3557,43.767],[-73.3556,43.7684],[-73.3555,43.772],[-73.3574,43.7769],[-73.3581,43.7787],[-73.3595,43.7826],[-73.3602,43.7844],[-73.3626,43.7877],[-73.367,43.7905],[-73.3683,43.7915],[-73.3716,43.7946],[-73.3736,43.7968],[-73.3762,43.7992],[-73.378,43.8018],[-73.3792,43.8034],[-73.3805,43.8061],[-73.3808,43.8067],[-73.3822,43.8089],[-73.3829,43.8098],[-73.3841,43.8112],[-73.3865,43.8135],[-73.3884,43.8154],[-73.3891,43.8161],[-73.3915,43.8186],[-73.3933,43.8209],[-73.3932,43.8227],[-73.3935,43.824],[-73.3935,43.8249],[-73.393,43.8272],[-73.3911,43.8295],[-73.3879,43.8327],[-73.3854,43.8345],[-73.3836,43.8359],[-73.3811,43.8378],[-73.3787,43.8398],[-73.3768,43.8416],[-73.3761,43.8437],[-73.3761,43.8466],[-73.3767,43.8483],[-73.3787,43.8501],[-73.38,43.8515],[-73.3812,43.8528],[-73.3825,43.855],[-73.3826,43.8581],[-73.3825,43.8588],[-73.3819,43.8617],[-73.3805,43.8653],[-73.379,43.8694],[-73.3784,43.872],[-73.3783,43.8758],[-73.3797,43.8806],[-73.381,43.8833],[-73.3823,43.886],[-73.3842,43.8909],[-73.3867,43.8937],[-73.3879,43.8945],[-73.3894,43.8955],[-73.3932,43.8987],[-73.3952,43.901],[-73.3964,43.9021],[-73.3984,43.9041],[-73.3996,43.9076],[-73.4004,43.9091],[-73.4023,43.9128],[-73.4043,43.9186],[-73.4045,43.9191],[-73.4069,43.9255],[-73.4082,43.9282],[-73.4089,43.9314],[-73.4101,43.9351],[-73.41,43.9383],[-73.4095,43.9408],[-73.4092,43.9423],[-73.4085,43.946],[-73.4079,43.9496],[-73.4079,43.951],[-73.4082,43.9537],[-73.4088,43.9574],[-73.4093,43.9615],[-73.4107,43.9669],[-73.4111,43.9693],[-73.4115,43.9706],[-73.4127,43.9743],[-73.4138,43.9784],[-73.414,43.98],[-73.414,43.9828],[-73.4135,43.9879],[-73.4133,43.9897],[-73.4128,43.993],[-73.412,43.9957],[-73.411,43.9978],[-73.41,43.9998],[-73.4086,44.0038],[-73.4087,44.0084],[-73.4094,44.011],[-73.41,44.0134],[-73.4107,44.0189],[-73.4133,44.0234],[-73.4166,44.0274],[-73.4171,44.0279],[-73.4218,44.0318],[-73.4268,44.0356],[-73.4317,44.0375],[-73.4361,44.0403],[-73.4397,44.0428],[-73.4416,44.0451],[-73.4429,44.0487],[-73.4434,44.0513],[-73.4434,44.0526],[-73.443,44.0546],[-73.4419,44.0577],[-73.4408,44.0596],[-73.4387,44.0633],[-73.4374,44.0654],[-73.435,44.0697],[-73.4306,44.0776],[-73.4244,44.0889],[-73.4184,44.1006],[-73.4167,44.1044],[-73.4145,44.1095],[-73.4139,44.1117],[-73.4135,44.1147],[-73.4134,44.1197],[-73.4134,44.1222],[-73.414,44.1245],[-73.4145,44.1265],[-73.4147,44.1277],[-73.4148,44.1309],[-73.4142,44.1336],[-73.4115,44.137],[-73.4085,44.1396],[-73.4069,44.1413],[-73.4054,44.1428],[-73.4022,44.146],[-73.3991,44.1488],[-73.3972,44.1524],[-73.3967,44.1548],[-73.3962,44.1577],[-73.3954,44.1633],[-73.3952,44.1695],[-73.3957,44.1743],[-73.3957,44.1773],[-73.3955,44.1805],[-73.3948,44.1832],[-73.3948,44.1844],[-73.3945,44.1857],[-73.3939,44.1885],[-73.3927,44.1912],[-73.3882,44.1949],[-73.3867,44.1959],[-73.3829,44.1985],[-73.3787,44.2013],[-73.3757,44.2029],[-73.3736,44.2041],[-73.3718,44.205],[-73.368,44.2069],[-73.3654,44.2088],[-73.3617,44.2119],[-73.3605,44.2137],[-73.36,44.2145],[-73.3573,44.2195],[-73.3547,44.2245],[-73.3526,44.2272],[-73.3517,44.2279],[-73.3487,44.2303],[-73.346,44.2325],[-73.3428,44.2344],[-73.3384,44.2362],[-73.334,44.2386],[-73.3289,44.2409],[-73.3233,44.2444],[-73.32,44.2482],[-73.3163,44.2541],[-73.3145,44.2593],[-73.3138,44.2614],[-73.3132,44.2637]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":2806,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chittenden\",\"state\":\"VT\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.925,44.633],[-72.9108,44.6308],[-72.8296,44.5521],[-72.8097,44.5476],[-72.8314,44.5165],[-72.8038,44.5061],[-72.8388,44.4591],[-72.8048,44.4514],[-72.8391,44.403],[-72.8045,44.3903],[-72.8261,44.3588],[-72.8338,44.3592],[-72.8408,44.3606],[-72.8562,44.3651],[-72.8992,44.3012],[-72.9119,44.2815],[-72.8966,44.2761],[-72.9532,44.1615],[-72.9691,44.2458],[-72.9733,44.2941],[-73.0001,44.2999],[-73.0199,44.3026],[-73.0166,44.2848],[-73.0689,44.28],[-73.0696,44.2837],[-73.1333,44.2743],[-73.2493,44.2614],[-73.2704,44.2603],[-73.3132,44.2637],[-73.3129,44.2668],[-73.3126,44.2696],[-73.3122,44.2722],[-73.3122,44.2739],[-73.3128,44.2785],[-73.3134,44.282],[-73.3143,44.2838],[-73.3154,44.286],[-73.3167,44.2892],[-73.3193,44.2933],[-73.3204,44.2964],[-73.3216,44.2987],[-73.3223,44.3005],[-73.3226,44.3019],[-73.3226,44.3051],[-73.3227,44.3079],[-73.3231,44.3115],[-73.3234,44.3141],[-73.3236,44.3165],[-73.3241,44.322],[-73.3243,44.3231],[-73.3258,44.3289],[-73.3274,44.3357],[-73.3281,44.3372],[-73.331,44.3435],[-73.3335,44.3486],[-73.3359,44.3525],[-73.3363,44.3539],[-73.3373,44.3593],[-73.3374,44.3638],[-73.3367,44.3664],[-73.334,44.3705],[-73.3332,44.3725],[-73.3324,44.3739],[-73.3286,44.3776],[-73.3261,44.3803],[-73.323,44.3845],[-73.3219,44.3868],[-73.3211,44.3886],[-73.3191,44.3925],[-73.3178,44.3962],[-73.3164,44.3998],[-73.3142,44.4046],[-73.3116,44.4084],[-73.3091,44.4126],[-73.3083,44.4136],[-73.3061,44.4165],[-73.3029,44.4206],[-73.3021,44.4216],[-73.2998,44.4247],[-73.2992,44.4262],[-73.2979,44.4293],[-73.2961,44.4339],[-73.2947,44.4384],[-73.2949,44.443],[-73.2953,44.4465],[-73.2957,44.4483],[-73.2975,44.4535],[-73.2977,44.4548],[-73.2983,44.4589],[-73.2988,44.4654],[-73.2989,44.468],[-73.299,44.4707],[-73.2993,44.4753],[-73.2998,44.4804],[-73.3015,44.4849],[-73.3024,44.487],[-73.3033,44.489],[-73.3055,44.4932],[-73.307,44.4958],[-73.3112,44.5029],[-73.3167,44.5093],[-73.317,44.5099],[-73.3188,44.5135],[-73.3194,44.5144],[-73.3207,44.5163],[-73.322,44.5185],[-73.3221,44.5213],[-73.3221,44.5235],[-73.3226,44.5254],[-73.3245,44.5272],[-73.327,44.5295],[-73.3301,44.5324],[-73.3331,44.5362],[-73.3357,44.5403],[-73.3376,44.5427],[-73.3384,44.5434],[-73.3403,44.5458],[-73.3413,44.5471],[-73.3418,44.548],[-73.3424,44.5485],[-73.3455,44.5513],[-73.3481,44.553],[-73.35,44.5541],[-73.352,44.5553],[-73.3546,44.557],[-73.3572,44.5585],[-73.3597,44.5598],[-73.3623,44.5616],[-73.3642,44.5629],[-73.315,44.5724],[-73.2965,44.5775],[-73.2684,44.59],[-73.2582,44.6001],[-73.2545,44.6078],[-73.2573,44.6288],[-73.2529,44.6416],[-73.2382,44.6454],[-73.2331,44.6499],[-73.234,44.6736],[-73.2284,44.6883],[-73.2288,44.7229],[-73.096,44.6739],[-73.038,44.6509],[-72.925,44.633]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":2810,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lamoille\",\"state\":\"VT\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.5787,44.7815],[-72.4179,44.7231],[-72.4809,44.6364],[-72.4822,44.6337],[-72.4707,44.6296],[-72.4662,44.6278],[-72.3681,44.5926],[-72.3752,44.5839],[-72.4349,44.506],[-72.4912,44.4258],[-72.5969,44.4795],[-72.6543,44.3979],[-72.7651,44.4428],[-72.8048,44.4514],[-72.8388,44.4591],[-72.8038,44.5061],[-72.8314,44.5165],[-72.8097,44.5476],[-72.8296,44.5521],[-72.9108,44.6308],[-72.925,44.633],[-72.9269,44.6348],[-72.9243,44.6367],[-72.9276,44.6403],[-72.9244,44.6408],[-72.9276,44.6453],[-72.9251,44.649],[-72.9225,44.6495],[-72.918,44.6458],[-72.9109,44.6459],[-72.9026,44.6463],[-72.8975,44.6527],[-72.8924,44.655],[-72.8509,44.7113],[-72.7963,44.6922],[-72.7861,44.7265],[-72.783,44.7374],[-72.774,44.7365],[-72.7721,44.7466],[-72.7695,44.7502],[-72.7676,44.7667],[-72.7567,44.7667],[-72.7542,44.7763],[-72.749,44.7763],[-72.7471,44.7859],[-72.6128,44.8016],[-72.5787,44.7815]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":2814,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Washington\",\"state\":\"VT\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.4349,44.506],[-72.2238,44.4246],[-72.2271,44.4218],[-72.229,44.4209],[-72.2277,44.4191],[-72.2219,44.4227],[-72.2194,44.4182],[-72.222,44.4182],[-72.2207,44.4168],[-72.2233,44.4159],[-72.2226,44.4141],[-72.2169,44.4109],[-72.2702,44.3394],[-72.3182,44.2985],[-72.3164,44.2725],[-72.3688,44.2042],[-72.4198,44.2211],[-72.4435,44.1286],[-72.4868,44.1418],[-72.5601,44.1632],[-72.5645,44.1536],[-72.5894,44.1604],[-72.6135,44.1144],[-72.6275,44.0871],[-72.6358,44.0893],[-72.6839,44.0127],[-72.7418,44.0295],[-72.8266,44.0539],[-72.8539,44.0611],[-72.8775,44.0679],[-72.8966,44.0733],[-72.8973,44.0733],[-72.917,44.0719],[-72.9196,44.0833],[-72.9216,44.0937],[-72.9288,44.1252],[-72.9348,44.163],[-72.9348,44.1639],[-72.9532,44.1615],[-72.8966,44.2761],[-72.9119,44.2815],[-72.8992,44.3012],[-72.8562,44.3651],[-72.8408,44.3606],[-72.8338,44.3592],[-72.8261,44.3588],[-72.8045,44.3903],[-72.8391,44.403],[-72.8048,44.4514],[-72.7651,44.4428],[-72.6543,44.3979],[-72.5969,44.4795],[-72.4912,44.4258],[-72.4349,44.506]]]}}]}","volume":"144","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9336e4b04f417c27517a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mark","contributorId":171650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abouelezz, Hanem","contributorId":171651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abouelezz","given":"Hanem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royar, Kim","contributorId":9886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royar","given":"Kim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Alan D.","contributorId":106579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mickey, R.","contributorId":44725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041657,"text":"70041657 - 2011 - Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T23:25:40.3171","indexId":"70041657","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Liquefaction probability curves that predict the probability of surface manifestations of earthquake-induced liquefaction are developed for 14 different types of surficial geologic units. The units consist of alluvial fan, beach ridge, river delta topset and foreset beds, eolian dune, point bar, flood basin, natural river and alluvial fan levees, abandoned river channel, deep-water lake, lagoonal, sandy artificial fill, and valley train deposits. Probability is conditioned on earthquake magnitude and peak ground acceleration. Curves are developed for water table depths of 1.5 and 5.0&nbsp;m. Probabilities are derived from complementary cumulative frequency distributions of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) that were computed from 927 cone penetration tests. For natural deposits with a water table at 1.5&nbsp;m and subjected to a M7.5 earthquake with peak ground acceleration (PGA)  =  0.25</span><i>g</i><span>, probabilities range from &lt;0.03 for alluvial fan and lacustrine deposits to &gt;0.5 for beach ridge, point bar, and deltaic deposits. The curves also were used to assign ranges of liquefaction probabilities to the susceptibility categories proposed previously for different geologic deposits. For the earthquake described here, probabilities for susceptibility categories have ranges of 0–0.08 for low, 0.09–0.30 for moderate, 0.31–0.62 for high, and 0.63–1.00 for very high. Retrospective predictions of liquefaction during historical earthquakes based on the curves compare favorably to observations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.17.1.1","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., Noce, T.E., and Bennett, M.J., 2011, Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.1.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-018454","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c6ae4b08b071e771b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noce, Thomas E. tnoce@usgs.gov","contributorId":3174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"Thomas","email":"tnoce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Michael J. mjbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Michael","email":"mjbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041861,"text":"70041861 - 2011 - Estimating unknown input parameters when implementing the NGA ground-motion prediction equations in engineering practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T19:46:49","indexId":"70041861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating unknown input parameters when implementing the NGA ground-motion prediction equations in engineering practice","docAbstract":"The ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA-West) project in 2008 are becoming widely used in seismic hazard analyses. However, these new models are considerably more complicated than previous GMPEs, and they require several more input parameters. When employing the NGA models, users routinely face situations in which some of the required input parameters are unknown. In this paper, we present a framework for estimating the unknown source, path, and site parameters when implementing the NGA models in engineering practice, and we derive geometrically-based equations relating the three distance measures found in the NGA models. Our intent is for the content of this paper not only to make the NGA models more accessible, but also to help with the implementation of other present or future GMPEs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.3650372","usgsCitation":"Kaklamanos, J., Baise, L.G., and Boore, D.M., 2011, Estimating unknown input parameters when implementing the NGA ground-motion prediction equations in engineering practice: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1219-1235, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3650372.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1235","ipdsId":"IP-026106","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264086,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3650372"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d04d08e4b0d83991d156a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaklamanos, James","contributorId":35053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaklamanos","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baise, Laurie G.","contributorId":52859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baise","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041006,"text":"70041006 - 2011 - Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-28T12:14:29","indexId":"70041006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was first detected in the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2005 during a mortality event in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Subsequent analysis of archived samples determined that the first known isolation of VHSV in the Laurentian Great Lakes was from a muskellunge Esox masquinongy collected in Lake St. Clair in 2003. By the end of 2008, mortality events and viral isolations had occurred in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes except Lake Superior. In 2009, a focused disease surveillance program was designed to determine whether VHSV was also present in Lake Superior. In this survey, 874 fish from 7 sites along the U.S. shoreline of Lake Superior were collected during June 2009. Collections were focused on nearshore species known to be susceptible to VHSV. All fish were dissected individually by using aseptic techniques and were tested for the presence of VHSV genetic material by use of a quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the viral nucleoprotein gene. Seventeen fish from two host species at two different sites tested positive at low levels for VHSV. All attempts to isolate virus in cell culture were unsuccessful. However, the presence of viral RNA was confirmed independently in five fish by using a nested PCR that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene. Partial G gene sequences obtained from three fish were identical to the corresponding sequence from the original 2003 VHSV isolate (MI03) from muskellunge. These detections represent the earliest evidence for the presence of VHSV in Lake Superior and illustrate the utility of the highly sensitive qRT-PCR assay for disease surveillance in aquatic animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2011.644411","usgsCitation":"Cornwell, E., Eckerlin, G.E., Getchell, R.G., Groocock, G.H., Thompson, T.M., Batts, W.N., Casey, R.N., Kurath, G., Winton, J.R., Bowser, P., Bain, M.B., and Casey, J.W., 2011, Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction from Two Fish Species at Two Sites in Lake Superior: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 23, no. 4, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.644411.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","ipdsId":"IP-037187","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263458,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.644411"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,46.41 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -84.35,48.88 ], [ -84.35,46.41 ], [ -92.11,46.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da1570e4b07a5aecdf0fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwell, Emily R.","contributorId":64526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwell","given":"Emily R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckerlin, Geofrey E.","contributorId":106771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckerlin","given":"Geofrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":32416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Groocock, Geoffrey H.","contributorId":13878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groocock","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Tarin M. tmthompson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Tarin","email":"tmthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Casey, Rufina N.","contributorId":104364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Rufina","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bowser, Paul R.","contributorId":10391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bain, Mark B.","contributorId":10084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Casey, James W.","contributorId":92941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70041906,"text":"70041906 - 2011 - Scientific drilling into the San Andreas Fault Zone - an overview of SAFOD's first five years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T10:42:55","indexId":"70041906","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3356,"text":"Scientific Drilling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific drilling into the San Andreas Fault Zone - an overview of SAFOD's first five years","docAbstract":"The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) was drilled to study the physical and chemical processes controlling faulting and earthquake generation along an active, plate-bounding fault at depth. SAFOD is located near Parkfield, California and penetrates a section of the fault that is moving due to a combination of repeating microearthquakes and fault creep. Geophysical logs define the San Andreas Fault Zone to be relatively broad (~200 m), containing several discrete zones only 2–3 m wide that exhibit very low P- and S-wave velocities and low resistivity. Two of these zones have progressively deformed the cemented casing at measured depths of 3192 m and 3302 m. Cores from both deforming zones contain a pervasively sheared, cohesionless, foliated fault gouge that coincides with casing deformation and explains the observed extremely low seismic velocities and resistivity. These cores are being now extensively tested in laboratories around the world, and their composition, deformation mechanisms, physical properties, and rheological behavior are studied. Downhole measurements show that within 200 m (maximum) of the active fault trace, the direction of maximum horizontal stress remains at a high angle to the San Andreas Fault, consistent with other measurements. The results from the SAFOD Main Hole, together with the stress state determined in the Pilot Hole, are consistent with a strong crust/weak fault model of the San Andreas. Seismic instrumentation has been deployed to study physics of faulting—earthquake nucleation, propagation, and arrest—in order to test how laboratory-derived concepts scale up to earthquakes occurring in nature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific Drilling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IODP","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2204/iodp.sd.11.02.2011","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M., Hickman, S., Ellsworth, W., and SAFOD Science Team, 2011, Scientific drilling into the San Andreas Fault Zone - an overview of SAFOD's first five years: Scientific Drilling, v. 11, p. 14-28, https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.11.02.2011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-027965","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.11.02.2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264868,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.11.02.2011"},{"id":264869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b74ae4b0e8fec6cdea9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen","contributorId":29139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William","contributorId":86445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"SAFOD Science Team","contributorId":128108,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"SAFOD Science Team","id":535394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040702,"text":"70040702 - 2011 - Nine endangered taxa, one recovering ecosystem: Identifying common ground for recovery on Santa Cruz Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T16:54:57","indexId":"70040702","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nine endangered taxa, one recovering ecosystem: Identifying common ground for recovery on Santa Cruz Island, California","docAbstract":"It is not uncommon to have several rare and listed taxa occupying habitats in one landscape or management area where conservation amounts to defense against the possibility of further loss. It is uncommon and extremely exciting, however, to have several listed taxa occupying one island that is managed cooperatively for conservation and recovery. On Santa Cruz Island, the largest of the northern California island group in the Santa Barbara Channel, we have a golden opportunity to marry ecological knowledge and institutional \"good will\" in a field test of holistic rare plant conservation. Here, the last feral livestock have been removed, active weed control is underway, and management is focused on understanding and demonstrating system response to conservation management. Yet funding limitations still exist and we need to plan the most fiscally conservative and marketable approach to rare plant restoration. We still experience the tension between desirable quick results and the ecological pace of system recovery. Therefore, our research has focused on identifying fundamental constraints on species recovery at individual, demographic, habitat, and ecosystem levels, and then developing suites of actions that might be taken across taxa and landscapes. At the same time, we seek a performance middle ground that balances an institutional need for quick demonstration of hands-on positive results with a contrasting approach that allows ecosystem recovery to facilitate species recovery in the long term. We find that constraints vary across breeding systems, life-histories, and island locations. We take a hybrid approach in which we identify several actions that we can take now to enhance population size or habitat occupancy for some taxa by active restoration, while allowing others to recover at the pace of ecosystem change. We make our recommendations on the basis of data we have collected over the last decade, so that management is firmly grounded in ecological observation.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the CNPS Conservation Conference, 17-19 Jan 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Native Plant Society","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"McEachern, A.K., and Wilken, D.H., 2011, Nine endangered taxa, one recovering ecosystem: Identifying common ground for recovery on Santa Cruz Island, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the CNPS Conservation Conference, 17-19 Jan 2009, p. 162-167.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"167","ipdsId":"IP-015609","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263121,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/fileHandler.ashx?File=/Lists/Products/Attachments/4068/McEachernWilken_nine%20endangered%20taxa.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.926178,33.960812 ], [ -119.926178,34.080765 ], [ -119.521523,34.080765 ], [ -119.521523,33.960812 ], [ -119.926178,33.960812 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3ba7ae4b0855e233c0758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilken, Dieter H.","contributorId":59688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilken","given":"Dieter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}