{"pageNumber":"1715","pageRowStart":"42850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70209661,"text":"70209661 - 1993 - Sulfidization and magnetization above hydrocarbon reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-20T16:18:40.96928","indexId":"70209661","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T11:11:51","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Sulfidization and magnetization above hydrocarbon reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Post-depositional iron-sulfide (Fe-S) minerals that are related to hydrocarbon seepage have changed the original magnetizations at Cement oil field (Anadarko basin, Oklahoma), at Simpson oil field (North Slope basin, Alaska), and above deep Cretaceous oil and gas reservoirs, south Texas coastal plain. At Cement, ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite (Fe</span><sub>7</sub><span>S</span><sub>8</sub><span>) formed with pyrite and marcasite in Permian red beds. The Fe-S minerals contain sulfur from two sources: (1) abiogenic sulfide, which has positive δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S values, derived from thermochemical reduction of sulfate in deep reservoirs; and (2) biogenic sulfide, which has negative δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S values, produced by reactions mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria fed by leaking hydrocarbons. At Simpson, ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>S</span><sub>4</sub><span>) dominates magnetizations in nonmarine Upper Cretaceous clastic beds that contain epigenetic sulfide (δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S &gt; +20 per mil) and seeping biodegraded oil. In this setting, the authigenic magnetic sulfide mineral apparently incorporated sulfide produced by bacterial sulfate reduction under limited sulfate conditions. An inferred hydrocarbon food source for the sulfate-reducing bacteria links the hydrocarbon seepage to the greigite. The greigite is perhaps forming today. In middle Tertiary sandstones of southeast Texas, pyrite and marcasite formed when abiogenic H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S (enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S) migrated upward from deep reservoirs, or when H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S (depleted in&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>S) was produced at shallow depths by bacteria that used organic material dissolved in migrating water from depth. The pyrite and marcasite replaced detrital magnetic iron-titanium oxide minerals. The degree of such replacement appears to increase toward faults that connect deep petroleum reservoirs to shallow sandstone. Our results show that abiologic and biologic mechanisms can generate different magnetic sulfide minerals in some sulfidic zones of hydrocarbon seepage. More commonly the magnetizations in such zones would be diminished as a result of the replacement of detrital magnetic minerals by the common nonmagnetic sulfide minerals, or would remain unchanged if such detrital minerals were originally absent.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications of Paleomagnetism to Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM, Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/pec.93.49.0167","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Goldhaber, M.B., and Tuttle, M., 1993, Sulfidization and magnetization above hydrocarbon reservoirs, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Applications of Paleomagnetism to Sedimentary Geology, v. 19, p. 167-179, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.93.49.0167.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"","state":"","otherGeospatial":"","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":787430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198719,"text":"70198719 - 1993 - Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:13:21.557484","indexId":"70198719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:51:40","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Above-ambient levels of methane and higher hydrocarbons were detected in the atmosphere of the Mono Basin. These gases emanated from several different sources, including natural gas seeps (thermogenic and biogenic), and methanogenic activity in sediments. Seeps were distributed over nearly 33% of the lake bottom and were also present in the exposed former lakebed. They originated from one or more natural gas deposits that underlie the basin. Seeps associated with hot springs had a thermogenic character, whereas the others had the characteristics of bacterially formed gases. The radiocarbon content of methane in all seep gases was low (5-11% modern carbon), indicating an age of greater than about 20,000 years.</p><p class=\"Para\">Dissolved methane increased with depth in the sediments, ultimately reaching saturation levels (1-3 mM). The outward diffusive flux of methane into the anoxic bottom waters elevated concentrations to 60 µM during the 1984-1988 meromictic interval. The radiocarbon content of hypolimnion methane was equivalent to that of the dissolved inorganic carbon (~80% modern carbon), indicating derivation from current methanogenic activity. Oxidation by anaerobic bacteria was the major sink for this methane. Methane that escaped oxidation transited to the epilimnion where it attained supersaturation (0.1-3.0 µM) relative to the atmosphere. Measured outward fluxes over a 2-year period were highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 4.82 mmoles CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p class=\"Para\">Bacterial activity was detected in the sediments of the hypolimnion High rates of sulfate reduction (~200 µmoles L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>) were measured in the upper 5-cm interval but decreased &gt; 10-fold with depth. The highest rate of methanogenic activity was ~1 µmole L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup>, as measured by reduction of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>. Bacteria metabolized dimethylsulfide, trimethylamine, acetate, and glucose to primarily CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and some CH<sub>4</sub>. Turnovers of glucose<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">(k =</i><span>&nbsp;</span>0.16 d<sup>-1</sup>) and trimethylamine<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">(k =</i><span>&nbsp;</span>0.09 d<sup>-1</sup>) were highest in the upper 2.5-cm interval and decreased as much as 10-fold with depth. These results confirm that a low rate of methanogenic activity occurs in this extreme environment and is the source of methane to the hypolimnion.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry of global change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Miller, L., Colbertson, C., Robinson, S., Smith, R.L., Lovley, D.R., Whiticar, M.J., King, G., Kiene, R.P., Iversen, N., and Sargent, M., 1993, Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California, chap. <i>of</i> Biogeochemistry of global change, p. 704-741, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"741","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819771","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.","contributorId":26831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colbertson, Charles","contributorId":207081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colbertson","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whiticar, Michael J.","contributorId":72124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiticar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"King, G.","contributorId":74521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kiene, Ronald P.","contributorId":173346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiene","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Iversen, Niels","contributorId":189744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iversen","given":"Niels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sargent, Melinda","contributorId":207082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargent","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70137952,"text":"70137952 - 1993 - Carbonate-periplatform sedimentation by density flows: A mechanism for rapid off-bank and vertical transport of shallow-water fines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:09:21","indexId":"70137952","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate-periplatform sedimentation by density flows: A mechanism for rapid off-bank and vertical transport of shallow-water fines","docAbstract":"<p><span>Existing theories of off-bank sediment transport cannot account for rapid rates of sedimentation observed in Bahama bank and Florida shelf periplatform environments. Analysis of the physical processes operating during winter cold fronts suggests that accelerated off-bank transport of shallow-water mud may be achieved by sinking off-bank flows of sediment-charged hyperpycnal (super-dense) platform waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0713:CPSBDF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wilson, P., and Roberts, H.H., 1993, Carbonate-periplatform sedimentation by density flows: A mechanism for rapid off-bank and vertical transport of shallow-water fines: Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 713-716, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0713:CPSBDF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"716","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4ce4b08de9379b3302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, P.A.","contributorId":107568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Harry H.","contributorId":18912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110597,"text":"70110597 - 1993 - Ecology of red swamps in the glaciated northeast: a community profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:30:39","indexId":"70110597","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:41:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"12","title":"Ecology of red swamps in the glaciated northeast: a community profile","docAbstract":"This report is part of a series of profiles on the ecology of wetland and \ndeepwater habitats. This particular profile addresses red maple swamps in the glaciated \nnortheastern United States. Red maple (Acer rubrum) swamp is a dominant wetland \ntype in most of the region; it reaches its greatest abundance in southern New England \nand northern New Jersey, where it comprises 60-800/o of all inland wetlands. Red maple \nswamps occur in a wide variety of hydrogeologic settings, from small, isolated basins in \ntill or glaciofluvial deposits to extensive wetland complexes on glacial lake beds, and from \nhillside seeps to stream floodplains and lake edges. Individual swamps may be seasonally \nflooded, temporarily flooded, or seasonally saturated, and soils may be mineral or organic. \nAs many as five distinct vegetation layers may occur in these swamps, including trees, \nsaplings, shrubs, herbs, and ground cover plants such as bryophytes and clubmosses. On \na regional scale, red maple swamps support at least 50 species of trees, more than \n90 species of shrubs and vines, and more than 300 species of nonwoody plants. These \nswamps also provide habitat for a rich faunal community, including several \nwetland-dependent species. In areas that are becoming urbanized, these wetlands often \nconstitute critical habitat for facultative species as well. Red maple swamps also are \nimportant sites for flood storage, water quality improvement, recreation, scenic beauty, \nand open space.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","usgsCitation":"Golet, F.C., Calhoun, A.J., and DeRagon, W.R., 1993, Ecology of red swamps in the glaciated northeast: a community profile: Biological Report 12, xi, 151 p.","productDescription":"xi, 151 p.","numberOfPages":"170","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288269,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70110597/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut;Maine;Massachusetts;New Hampshire;New Jersey;New York;Pennsylvania;Rhode Island;Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.52,39.72 ], [ -80.52,47.5 ], [ -66.96,47.5 ], [ -66.96,39.72 ], [ -80.52,39.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3f4e4b09e18fc023a3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golet, Francis C.","contributorId":83771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":93829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeRagon, William R.","contributorId":11124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeRagon","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70267465,"text":"wdrNY922 - 1993 - Water resources data, New York, water year 1992. Volume 2. Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-23T14:35:29.526435","indexId":"wdrNY922","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:35:08","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-92-2","title":"Water resources data, New York, water year 1992. Volume 2. Long Island","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 18 gaging stations; water quality at 19 gaging stations, and 26 wells; and water levels at 736 observation wells. Also included are data for 79 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volumes 1 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Federal, and other agencies in New York.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY922","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Spinello, A., Nakao, J., Busciolano, R., Winowitch, R., and Eagen, V.K., 1993, Water resources data, New York, water year 1992. Volume 2. Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-92-2, vii, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY922.","productDescription":"vii, 235 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ny-92-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":486502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ny-92-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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K.","contributorId":20353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":938320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047000,"text":"70047000 - 1993 - Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:57:33","indexId":"70047000","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:31:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate","docAbstract":"The word validation has a clear meaning to both the scientific community and the general public. Within the scientific community the validation of scientific theory has been the subject of philosophical debate. The philosopher of science, Karl Popper, argued that scientific theory cannot be validated, only invalidated. Popper’s view is not the only opinion in this debate; however, many scientists today agree with Popper (including the authors). To the general public, proclaiming that a ground-water model is validated carries with it an aura of correctness that we do not believe many of us who model would claim. We can place all the caveats we wish, but the public has its own understanding  of what the word implies. Using the word valid with respect to models misleads the public; verification carries with it similar connotations as far as the public is concerned. Our point is this: using the terms validation and verification are misleading, at best. These terms should be abandoned by the ground-water community.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., and Konikow, L.F., 1993, Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 2, p. 178-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":624,"text":"Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e12567e4b02f5cae2b738b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198713,"text":"70198713 - 1993 - Geochemical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:16:35","indexId":"70198713","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:14:37","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Geochemical models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality ","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., and Plummer, L., 1993, Geochemical models, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality , p. 199-225.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819773","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128715,"text":"70128715 - 1993 - Atmospheric transport of organophosphate pesticides from California's Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T10:04:18","indexId":"70128715","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:02:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric transport of organophosphate pesticides from California's Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains","docAbstract":"Atmospheric transport of organophosphate pesticides from California's Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada mountains was assessed by collecting air- and wet-deposition samples during December, January, February, and March, 1990 to 1991. Large-scale spraying of these pesticides occurs during December and January to control insect infestations in valley orchards. Sampling sites were placed at 114- (base of the foothills), 533-, and 1920-m elevations. Samples acquired at these sites contained chlorpyrifos [phosphorothioic acid; 0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) ester], parathion [phosphorothioic acid, 0-0-diethylo-(4-nitrophenyl) ester], diazinon {phosphorothioic acid, 0,0-diethyl 0-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] ester} diazinonoxon {phosphoric acid, 0,0-diethyl 0-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] ester}, and paraoxon [phosphoric acid, 0,0-diethyl 0-(4-nitrophenyl) ester] in both air and wet deposition samples. Air concentrations of chloropyrifos, diazinon and parathion ranged from 13 to 13 000 pg/m<sup>3</sup> at the base of the foothills. At 533-m air concentrations were below the limit of quantification (1.4 pg/m<sup>3</sup>) to 83 pg/m<sup>3</sup> and at 1920 m concentrations were below the limit of quantification. Concentrations in wet deposition varied with distance and elevation from the Central Valley. Rainwater concentrations at the base of the foot hills ranged from 16 to 7600 pg/mL. At 533-m rain and snow water concentrations ranged from below the limit of quantification (1.3 pg/mL) to 140 pg/mL and at 1920 m concentrations ranged from below the limit of quantification to 48 pg/mL. These findings indicate that atmospheric transport of pesticides applied in the valley to the Sierra Nevada mountains is occurring, but the levels decrease as distance and elevation increase from the valley floor.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010011x","usgsCitation":"Zabik, J.M., and Seiber, J.N., 1993, Atmospheric transport of organophosphate pesticides from California's Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 80-90, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010011x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295249,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010011x"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b1ee4b0fd76af69cef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zabik, John M.","contributorId":75867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiber, James N.","contributorId":83043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiber","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198496,"text":"70198496 - 1993 - Natural radionuclides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:36:14","indexId":"70198496","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:29:24","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural radionuclides","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","isbn":"0442009372","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Wanty, R.B., 1993, Natural radionuclides, chap. <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality, p. 423-441.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819776","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742244,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129512,"text":"70129512 - 1993 - A prepositioned areal electrofishing apparatus for sampling stream habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T08:52:33","indexId":"70129512","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:48:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prepositioned areal electrofishing apparatus for sampling stream habitats","docAbstract":"We describe the design, use, and sampling characteristics ofan electrofishing apparatus used to sample fish in stream habitats. The apparatus uses two prepositioned areal electrofishing devices (PAED) of different designs, a bottom parallel electrode PAED and a suspended dropper electrode PAED. To determine the effective immobilization ranges of the PAEDs, we evaluated intensities and shapes of the PAEDs' electrical fields, and the electroshock responses of fish in cages in concrete tanks and in four streams in Alabama with different water conductivities. Electroshock responses indicated that complete immobilization occurred at voltage gradients of 1.0 V/cm or higher (voltage drop, 400 V AC), as far as 35 cm from the PAED electrodes, although some fish were immobilized up to 65 cm away at 0.3 V/cm. We estimated the immobilization (stun) power density threshold to be about 10 μW/cm3. Stream evaluations of the PAEDs revealed that higher voltages were needed to immobilize fish at lower (35 μS/cm) and higher (120 and 125 μS/cm) water conductivities, whereas lower voltages were required at an intermediate conductivity (60 μS/cm). These results conformed with the predictions of power transfer theory and underscored the need to calibrate PAEDs to stream conductivities to standardize the effective sampling range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0807:APAEAF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fisher, W.L., and Brown, M.E., 1993, A prepositioned areal electrofishing apparatus for sampling stream habitats: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, no. 4, p. 807-816, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0807:APAEAF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"816","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295621,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0807:APAEAF>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18aae4b04d2014abfb01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, William L. wfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"William","email":"wfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Marshall E.","contributorId":67818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198700,"text":"70198700 - 1993 - Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T08:50:07","indexId":"70198700","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:47:21","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Plummer, L., Michel, R.L., Thurman, E., and Glynn, P.D., 1993, Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water, chap. <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality, p. 255-294.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a68e4b034bf6a819887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199900,"text":"70199900 - 1993 - Influence of redox environment and aqueous speciation on metal transport in groundwater: Preliminary results of tracer injection studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:32:18","indexId":"70199900","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:29:49","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Influence of redox environment and aqueous speciation on metal transport in groundwater: Preliminary results of tracer injection studies","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metals in groundwater","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis ","publisherLocation":"Chelsea, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Becher, K.D., Rea, B., Maest, A., and Garabedian, S., 1993, Influence of redox environment and aqueous speciation on metal transport in groundwater: Preliminary results of tracer injection studies, chap. <i>of</i> Metals in groundwater, p. 223-273.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a81988e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, H.E.","contributorId":40272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747207,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perdue, E. Michael","contributorId":86904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perdue","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747208,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, D.","contributorId":99338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747209,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.","contributorId":41376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becher, Kent D. 0000-0002-3947-0793","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-0793","contributorId":204184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, B.A.","contributorId":39008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maest, A.S.","contributorId":86364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199899,"text":"70199899 - 1993 - Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:27:26","indexId":"70199899","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:23:43","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling change in environmental systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Duff, J.H., Harvey, J.W., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F., 1993, Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling change in environmental systems, p. 163-187.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a819892","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747201,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199809,"text":"70199809 - 1993 - Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T07:35:23","indexId":"70199809","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T07:33:41","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Back, W., Baedecker, M.J., and Wood, W., 1993, Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective, chap. <i>of</i> Regional ground-water quality, p. 111-129.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a819898","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, William 0000-0001-7286-3938 walley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-3938","contributorId":140175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746713,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, W.","contributorId":103050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2000075,"text":"2000075 - 1993 - Life history traits and habitat needs of the redhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T09:51:10","indexId":"2000075","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Life history traits and habitat needs of the redhead","docAbstract":"<p>Redheads are one of five common diving duck species in North America. They are in the same taxonomic group as the pochards or bay ducks and are most similar in appearance and behavior to the canvasback. Smaller body size, late breeding, wintering in southern areas, and tolerance to salt in winter and in breeding areas differentiate the redhead from the canvasback and suggest an evolutionary origin in the arid areas of the West. Parasitism of other waterfowl nests is more pronounced in redheads than in other North American waterfowl. These and other aspects of the biology of the redhead are the subject of this leaflet. Readers who are interested in general references on redheads.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., 1993, Life history traits and habitat needs of the redhead: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92128,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/wmh/13_1_11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a53cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000078,"text":"2000078 - 1993 - Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:04:41","indexId":"2000078","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13.2.11","title":"Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas","docAbstract":"<p>Waterfowl that nest in uplands in the prairie pothole region have had low recruitment rates in recent decades, primarily because of predation. The loss of breeding waterfowl and their progeny has generated interest in management techniques that safeguard incubating hens and their eggs. Developing islands and peninsulas for nesting waterfowl has potential because these sites are naturally attractive to breeding ducks and geese. In fact, dense nesting colonies of ducks developed on some islands when successful females and a portion of their female progeny returned in subsequent years.</p><p>Managers have successfully duplicated the beneficial attributes of islands by developing various nesting habitats that are protected by water barriers. This chapter addresses the management of existing islands, the creation of new islands, and the modification of peninsulas into islands to increase nesting success in waterfowl.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl Management Handbook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., 1993, Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13.2.11, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/wmh/13_2_11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f53a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27271,"text":"wri924016 - 1993 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:46:48.848163","indexId":"wri924016","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4016","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3 (collectively called the C-holes) each were drilled to a depth of 914.4 meters at Yucca Mountain, on the Nevada Test Site, in 1983 and 1984 for the purpose of conducting aquifer and tracer tests. Each of the boreholes penetrated the Paintbrush Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and bottomed in the Crater Flat Tuff. The geologic units penetrated consist of devitrified to vitrophyric, nonwelded to densely welded, ash-flow tuff, tuff breccia, ash-fall tuff, and bedded tuff. Below the water table, which is at an average depth of 401.6 meters below land surface, the rocks are argillic and zeolitic. The geologic units at the C-hole complex strike N. 2° W. and dip 15° to 21° NE. They are cut by several faults, including the Paintbrush Canyon Fault, a prominent normal fault oriented S. 9° W., 52.2° NW. </p><p>The rocks at the C-hole complex are fractured extensively, with most fractures oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of regional least horizontal principal stress. In the Crater Flat Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills, fractures strike predominantly between S. 20° E. and S. 20° W. and secondarily between S. 20° E. and S. 60° E. In the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, however, southeasterly striking fractures predominate. Most fractures are steeply dipping, although shallowly dipping fractures occur in nonwelded and reworked tuff intervals of the Crater Flat Tuff. Mineral-filled fractures are common in the tuff breccia zone of the Tram Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, and, also, in the welded tuff zone of the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The fracture density of geologic units in the C-holes was estimated to range from 1.3 to 7.6 fractures per cubic meter. Most of these estimates appear to be the correct order of magnitude when compared to transect measurements and core data from other boreholes 1.3 orders of magnitude too low. </p><p>Geophysical data and laboratory analyses were used to determine matrix hydrologic properties of the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and the Crater Flat Tuff in the C-holes. The porosity ranged from 12 to 43 percent and, on the average, was larger in nonwelded to partially welded, ash-flow tuff, ashfall tuff, and reworked tuff than in moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff. The pore-scale horizontal permeability of nine samples ranged from 5.7x10<sup>-3</sup> to 2.9 millidarcies, and the pore-scale vertical permeability of these samples ranged from 3.7x10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.5 millidarcies. Ratios of pore-scale horizontal to vertical permeability generally ranged from 0.7 to 2. Although the number of samples was small, values of pore-scale permeability determined were consistent with samples from other boreholes at Yucca Mountain. The specific storage of nonwelded to partially welded ash-flow tuff, ash-fall tuff, and reworked tuff was estimated from porosity and elasticity to be 2x10<sup>-6</sup> per meter, twice the specific storage of moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff and tuff breccia. The storativity of geologic units, based on their average thickness (corrected for bedding dip) and specific storage, was estimated to range from 1x10<sup>-5</sup> to 2x10<sup>-4</sup>. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924016","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A., 1993, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4016, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924016.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.5631,\n              36.9364\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5631,\n              36.6539\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3333,\n              36.6539\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3333,\n              36.9364\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5631,\n              36.9364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, A. L.","contributorId":46988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000083,"text":"2000083 - 1993 - A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:57:53","indexId":"2000083","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","docAbstract":"We adapted a stochastic computer model to simulate productivity of the northern pintail (Anas acuta). Researchers at the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service originally developed the model to simulate productivity of the mallard (A. platyrhynchos). We obtained data and descriptive information on the breeding biology of pintails from a literature review and from discussions with waterfowl biologists. All biological parameters in the productivity component of the mallard model (e.g, initial body weights, weight loss during laying and incubation, incubation time, clutch size, nest site selection characteristics) were compared with data on pintails and adjusted accordingly. The function in the mallard model that predicts nest initiation in response to pond conditions adequately mimicked pintail behavior and did not require adjustment.Recruitment rate was most sensitive to variations in parameters that control nest success, seasonal duckling survival rate, and yearling and adult body weight. We simulated upland and wetland habitat conditions in central North Dakota and compared simulation results with observed data. Simulated numbers were not significantly different from observed numbers of successful nests during wet, average, and dry wetland conditions. The simulated effect of predator barrier fencing in a study area in central North Dakota increased recruitment rate by an average of 18.4%. This modeling synthesized existing knowledge on the breeding biology of the northern pintail, identified necessary research, and furnished a useful tool for the examination and comparison of various management options.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Carlson, J., Clark, W., and Klaas, E., 1993, A model of the productivity of the northern pintail: Biological Report 7, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.063232421875,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.459228515625,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.459228515625,\n              47.59875528481801\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.063232421875,\n              47.59875528481801\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.063232421875,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":94006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, W.R.","contributorId":70716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008467,"text":"1008467 - 1993 - Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T13:06:39","indexId":"1008467","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought","docAbstract":"<p><span>The snout &ndash; vent length, tail length, weight, sex, activity, and orientation of a population of swamp snakes (</span><i>Seminatrix pygaea</i><span>) in north &ndash; central Florida were recorded from 1985 through 1990. A small temporary pond was monitored for 1343 days, using a drift fence &ndash; pitfall trap sampling regime. I captured 123 different snakes, plus 45 recaptures. Juveniles comprised 89% of the snakes at the pond. Females were generally longer and weighed more than males, although regression analysis showed no differences between the sexes in the relationship of length versus wet body mass. Males had longer tails than females. The sex ratio of snakes with a snout &ndash; vent length of more than 150&ensp;mm was 1:1. Activity occurred throughout the year but peaked during summer. Hydroperiod and weather conditions did not appear to influence snake activity. During the latter years of the study, a regional drought that began in the mid-1980s became quite severe. However, drought had little direct effect on overland migration or body condition but caused snakes to leave or to shorten the amount of time they spent within the pond basin. Snakes immigrated and emigrated nonrandomly; orientation was directed to and from the nearest large water body. Certain temporary ponds may comprise developmental habitat for&nbsp;</span><i>Seminatrix pygaea</i><span>. The dynamic wet &ndash; dry climatic cycles in southeastern North America may lead to the formation of metapopulations in some aquatic snakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-177","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1993, Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 7, p. 1281-1288, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-177.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1288","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001141,"text":"1001141 - 1993 - Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:44","indexId":"1001141","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) and threatened Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nest at commercial sand and gravel mining operations (sand pits) along the Platte River system in Nebraska. Sandbar habitat has been disappearing since the early 1900's along the Platte River system, but numbers of sand pits have increased. We hypothesized that birds would more fully utilize sand pits where suitable sandbar habitat was limited. We inventoried sand pits and censused terns and plovers on both habitats along the Loup River, part of the North Loup River, and most of the Platte River during 1988-1991. Using aircraft, we also quantified features of suitable sand pits present on the central Platte in 1988 and lower Platte in 1990, and related features to abundance and presence of birds. We found 225 sand pits of which 78 were suitable and 187 were unsuitable for nesting. Along the central Platte, where sandbar habitat is severely degraded, birds nested at 81% of the suitable sand pits (N = 32) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (61-94%) nested on sand pits. Along the lower Platte, where both sandbar and sand pit habitat are plentiful, birds nested at 60% of the suitable sand pits (N = 35) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (60-86%) nested on sandbars. Numbers of terns and plovers were more weakly correlated with features of sand pits on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Least Terns and Piping Plovers seem to use more of the suitable sand pit habitat on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Sand pits probably have influenced the birds' distribution by providing alternative nesting habitat along rivers where suitable sandbars are rare or absent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colonial Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., and Kirsch, E., 1993, Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 16, no. 2, p. 139-148.","productDescription":"p. 139-148","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001191,"text":"1001191 - 1993 - Duck nest success on Conservation Reserve Program land in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:45:04","indexId":"1001191","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nest success on Conservation Reserve Program land in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat fragmentation from intensified farming has concentrated nesting waterfowl and their predators in the remaining, relatively small untitled habitats of the prairie pothole region in the United States. The areas of land that have been enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in this area could help disperse these concentrations and reduce losses to predators. The presence of CRP land may influence decisions about intensive management of public lands devoted to waterfowl production. During 1989–1991, waterfowl nest success on CRP fields in areas of high wetland density in the prairie pothole region was 23.1 percent compared to 8.2 percent on similar covers on federal waterfowl production areas. CRP fields thus provided more secure nesting cover for upland-nesting ducks than waterfowl production areas. However, nest success and use of the fields by ducks varied greatly. CRP fields are abundant and of a wide variety of age classes and sizes. These characteristics make CRP fields well suited as study sites for determining the effects of cover area, distance to water, and cover age on nest success of ducks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., 1993, Duck nest success on Conservation Reserve Program land in the prairie pothole region: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 48, no. 3, p. 238-242.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11012,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/48/3/238.abstract"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018396,"text":"70018396 - 1993 - Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"At Yucca Mountain, calcite occurs as open-space fillings and coatings on fractures within much of the host volcanic rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Strontium isotope analyses of these calcites divide the samples into two groups corresponding to their location in either the saturated or unsaturated zones. The group of samples from the unsaturated zone corresponds very well with pedogenic carbonate samples, indicating that the strontium came from the surface during infiltration events. However, four samples from the unsaturated zone show strontium isotopic ratios similar to present-day ground water. Since these samples are closest to the water table, they are interpreted as the result of a higher water-table stand (approx.85 m higher than present-day) in the past.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., Peterman, Z., and Stuckless, J.S., 1993, Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1948-1952.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb6e4b08c986b31d047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018402,"text":"70018402 - 1993 - Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:18:59","indexId":"70018402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor, areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. 2. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). 3. (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., 1993, Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 1-2, p. 7-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1be4b08c986b317038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018234,"text":"70018234 - 1993 - Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:36:46.879593","indexId":"70018234","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Measurement of the rate and direction of ground water flow beneath Wollaston Beach, Quincy, Massachusetts by use of a heat-pulsing flowmeter shows a mean velocity in the bulk sediment of 40 cm d<sup>−1</sup>. The estimated total discharge of ground water into Quincy Bay during October 1990 was 1324–2177 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>−1</sup>, a relatively low ground water discharge rate. The tides have only a moderate effect on the rate and direction of this flow. Other important controls on the rate and volume of ground water flow are the limited thickness, geographic extent, and permeability of the aquifer. Comparisons of published streamflow data and estimates of ground water discharge indicate that ground water makes up between 7.4–12.1% of the gaged freshwater input into Quincy Bay. The data from this study suggest the ground water discharge is a less important recharge component to Quincy Bay than predicted by National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) models.</p><p>The high nitrate and low nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the ground water at the backshore well sites and low nitrate and high nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water flowing from the foreshore suggests that denitrification is active in the sediments. The low ground water flow rates and low nitrate concentrations in the foreshore samples suggest that little or no nitrate is surviving the denitrification process to affect the planktonic community. Similarly, oxidizing conditions in the aquifer and low trace metal concentrations in the ground water samples suggest that the metals may be precipitating and binding to sedimentary phases before impacting the bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00549789","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Moffett, A., 1993, Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 25, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549789.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aade4b0c8380cd5b390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, A.M.","contributorId":54625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018278,"text":"70018278 - 1993 - Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018278","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","docAbstract":"To determine the timing of and driving forces for sediment suspension and deposition and the effect of impoundment, three self-recording instrument packages were deployed in a section of Louisiana marsh. Two of the packages went into an impoundment and one into an adjacent open, or control, area. A data logger in the package controlled sensors to measure water level, velocity, salinity, and temperature and suspended sediment concentration. At one impoundment site and the control site, weather stations recorded wind speed and direction. This paper describes and discusses the results.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262918X","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., 1993, Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 1, New Orleans, LA, USA, 19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 220-229.","startPage":"220","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ecae4b08c986b318b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}