{"pageNumber":"1716","pageRowStart":"42875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":2001209,"text":"2001209 - 1993 - Chemical and biotic characteristics of two low-alkalinity lakes in northern Wisconsin: relation to atmospheric deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"2001209","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/A-94/208","title":"Chemical and biotic characteristics of two low-alkalinity lakes in northern Wisconsin: relation to atmospheric deposition","docAbstract":"Synoptic surveys of water chemistry in north-central Wisconsin documented the presence of many low alkalinity lakes potentially sensitive to acid deposition. Furthermore, lake hydrologic type proved to be a key factor in determining lake sensitivity: the low alkalinity systems were predominately seepage lakes. To test this hypothesis and identify the controls on the chemistry of these low alkalinity systems, the authors initiated hydrologic, chemical, biological and limnological studies at Lakes Clara and Vandercook in 1980. The report summarizes the results of those studies (including previously published hydrologic results) conducted between 1981 and 1983. The major goals are to assess the sensitivity of the study lakes to acid deposition and to identify key processes controlling the acid-base chemistry of these software seepage lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","collaboration":"Technical bulletin no. 184 Comp&distr 1997 NTIS, Intl Copyright All Rights Re. All rts. reserv. Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey, Madison, WI. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.","usgsCitation":"Webster, K., Eilers, J., Wiener, J., Glass, G., and Garrison, P., 1993, Chemical and biotic characteristics of two low-alkalinity lakes in northern Wisconsin: relation to atmospheric deposition: Technical Report EPA/600/A-94/208, 74 p.","productDescription":"74 p","startPage":"0","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, K.E.","contributorId":63753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":325570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilers, J.M.","contributorId":29103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glass, G.E.","contributorId":37853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrison, P.J.","contributorId":86072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003047,"text":"1003047 - 1993 - Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T15:46:07.409712","indexId":"1003047","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) and threatened Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nest at commercial sand and gravel mining operations (sand pits) along the Platte River system in Nebraska. Sandbar habitat has been disappearing since the early 1900's along the Platte River system, but numbers of sand pits have increased. We hypothesized that birds would more fully utilize sand pits where suitable sandbar habitat was limited. We inventoried sand pits and censused terns and plovers on both habitats along the Loup River, part of the North Loup River, and most of the Platte River during 1988-1991. Using aircraft, we also quantified features of suitable sand pits present on the central Platte in 1988 and lower Platte in 1990, and related features to abundance and presence of birds. We found 225 sand pits of which 78 were suitable and 187 were unsuitable for nesting. Along the central Platte, where sandbar habitat is severely degraded, birds nested at 81% of the suitable sand pits (N = 32) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (61-94%) nested on sand pits. Along the lower Platte, where both sandbar and sand pit habitat are plentiful, birds nested at 60% of the suitable sand pits (N = 35) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (60-86%) nested on sandbars. Numbers of terns and plovers were more weakly correlated with features of sand pits on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Least Terns and Piping Plovers seem to use more of the suitable sand pit habitat on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Sand pits probably have influenced the birds' distribution by providing alternative nesting habitat along rivers where suitable sandbars are rare or absent.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521432","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., and Kirsch, E., 1993, Least tern and piping plover nesting at sand pits in Nebraska: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 16, no. 2, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521432.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.056625,42.770781],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.013046,42.762299],[-98.005739,42.764167],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.248556,42.855386],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.423892,42.48898],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.381307,42.461694],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.413895,42.343393],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.384169,42.325874],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.368454,42.291848],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.356406,42.276493],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.327706,42.249992],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347243,42.186721],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.33798,42.157197],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.301023,42.128042],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.266594,42.103262],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.276758,42.081416],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.278445,42.060399],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.256087,42.03808],[-96.246832,42.041616],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.206083,42.009267],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.188067,42.006323],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.177203,41.976325],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.129186,41.965136],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136613,41.927167],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.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\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001116,"text":"1001116 - 1993 - A sampler for quantifying the vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates in shallow wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:32:56","indexId":"1001116","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sampler for quantifying the vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates in shallow wetlands","docAbstract":"A sampler for quantifying the vertical distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates in wetlands is described. This device will facilitate quantitative sampling of macroinvertebrates in waterfowl ecology and related studies. Because it simultaneously collects benthic and pelagic invertebrates the sampler reduces bias associated with sampling macroinvertebrates that occupy the benthic-pelagic interface of wetlands. The sampling device also separates benthic and pelagic macroinvertebrates into separate vertical profiles to facilitate studies of distribution patterns or the influence of chemical and physical gradients on invertebrate vertical distribution.","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"MacKay, J., and Euliss, N., 1993, A sampler for quantifying the vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates in shallow wetlands: California Fish and Game, v. 79, no. 3, p. 126-130.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKay, J.","contributorId":71125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKay","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001110,"text":"1001110 - 1993 - The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat in low-gradient alluvial streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T16:09:58.76535","indexId":"1001110","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat in low-gradient alluvial streams","docAbstract":"

1. A major cause of degradation and loss of stream fish is alteration of physical habitat within and adjacent to the channel. We describe a potentially efficient approach to fish restoration based upon the relationship between fluvial hydraulics, geomorphology, and those habitats important to fish.


2. The aquatic habitat in a low-gradient, alluvial stream in the Ozark Plateaus physiographical province was classified according to location in the channel, patterns of water flow, and structures that control flow. The resulting habitat types were ranked in terms of their temporal stability and ability to be manipulated.

3. Delineation and quantification of discrete physical spaces in a stream, termed hydraulic habitat units, are shown to be useful in stream restoration programmes if the ecological importance of each habitat unit is known, and if habitats are defined by fluvial dynamics so that restoration is aided by natural forces.

4. Examples, using different taxa, are given to illustrate management options.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.x","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., and Jacobson, R.B., 1993, The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat in low-gradient alluvial streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 29, p. 211-220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003553,"text":"1003553 - 1993 - Sediment resuspension, redeposition, and focusing in a small dimictic reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1003553","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment resuspension, redeposition, and focusing in a small dimictic reservoir","docAbstract":"Rates of seston (dry mass) sedimentation, estimated from sediment traps (ST rates) and sediment cores (SC rates), were determined at four water depths to examine seasonal and annual sedimentation patterns in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin (USA). Annual ST rates overestimated annual SC rates at water depths less-than-or-equal-to 4 m, suggesting that sediment resuspension and redeposition in relatively shallow regions of the reservoir caused the overestimate. In contrast, annual ST and SC rates were similar at depths >4 m, suggesting minimal sediment resuspension and redeposition in deeper regions of the reservoir. Using variations in daily ST rates estimated during the autumn overturn of 1987, we developed a conceptual framework for estimating sediment resuspension, redeposition, and focusing. Resuspension of shallow sediments during this particular period accounted for over 50% of the annual ST rate at depths less-than-or-equal-to 4 m. At the same time, focusing of resuspended shallow sediments to deeper regions accounted for about 20% of the annual ST rate at depths >4 m. Our results indicate that during autumn overturn in this reservoir, peaks in sedimentation in the deep, profundal region, estimated from sediment traps, may reflect sediment focused from shallow regions rather than sediment resuspended from the profundal region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"ISI:A1993LR75800017","usgsCitation":"James, W., and Barko, J., 1993, Sediment resuspension, redeposition, and focusing in a small dimictic reservoir: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1023-1028.","productDescription":"pp. 1023-1028","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1028","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15649,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjfas&volume=50&year=1993&issue=50&msno=f93-118&calyLang=eng","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7489.000000000000000"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000895,"text":"2000895 - 1993 - Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T16:12:09","indexId":"2000895","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"192","title":"Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore anadromous striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies over the past 20 years have concentrated on hatchery culture to supplement dwindling natural reproduction. Adult fish captured for artificial spawning are stressed by handling and crowding in rearing ponds and are often exposed to therapeutants, anesthetics, disinfectants, and herbicides used in fish culture. We determined the toxicity of 17 fishery chemicals (chloramine-T, erythromycin, formalin, Hyamine 3500, Roccal, malachite green, sulfamerazine, benzocaine, etomidate, Finquel (MS-222) , metomidate, quinaldine sulfate, chlorine, potassium permanganate, Aquazine, copper sulfate, and Rodeo) to striped bass fry (average weight = 1 g) in reconstituted water (total hardness 40 mg/L) at 12 degree C. The 96-h LC50's (concentration calculated to produce 50% mortality in a population) ranged from 0.129 mg/L for malachite green to 340 mg/L for erythromycin. We also determined the effects of selected levels of water temperature, hardness, and pH on the toxicity of chloramine-T, formalin, malachite green, and Roccal. There were no differences in toxicity for any of the chemicals at any water quality variable tested except for chloramine-T, which was about 25 times more toxic in soft, acid water than in soft, alkaline water. Our data show that the striped bass is as sensitive to fishery chemicals as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but is generally less resistant than bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bills, T.D., Marking, L.L., and Howe, G.E., 1993, Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture: Resource Publication 192, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, Leif L.","contributorId":52239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"Leif","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, George E.","contributorId":102570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014821,"text":"1014821 - 1993 - Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T13:28:15.329883","indexId":"1014821","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality","docAbstract":"

Our objective was to determine the maximum effective rearing density for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at 17.5°C, a temperature typically used in hatcheries to accelerate growth. We reared 5.8‐g (mean weight) parr for 80 d to final rearing densities of 14–55 kg/m2 (rearing unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m3 (rearing unit volume). Weight gain was slightly depressed in fish at a final rearing density of 26 kg/m2 (146 kg/m3), but mortality, food conversion, and gain in length were not affected. At densities greater than 26 kg/m2, fish growth was slower and food conversion was higher, but mortality was unaffected. Atlantic salmon may be reared at 17.5°C to densities of at least 14 kg/m2 (80 kg/m3) without adverse effects on growth and health, but final rearing densities should not exceed 26 kg/m2.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0029:GSAFCO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Soderberg, R.W., Meade, J.W., and Redell, L.A., 1993, Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 1, p. 29-31, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0029:GSAFCO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderberg, R. W.","contributorId":93855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderberg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014820,"text":"1014820 - 1993 - Fin condition of Atlantic salmon reared at high densities in heated water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:36:53.103764","indexId":"1014820","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fin condition of Atlantic salmon reared at high densities in heated water","docAbstract":"

We assessed the condition of dorsal and pectoral fins of parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that were reared for 70 d at 17.5°C to final densities of 14–55 kg/M2 (rearing-unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m3 (rearing-unit volume). Pectoral fins were not significantly affected by rearing density, but dorsal fins were more eroded in fish reared at the highest density than in fish checked before the rearing experiments or in those reared at lower densities. Densities as great as 41 kg/m2 (229 kg/m3) did not affect fin quality of Atlantic salmon reared at 17.5°C.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0077:FCOASR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Soderberg, R.W., Meade, J.W., and Redell, L.A., 1993, Fin condition of Atlantic salmon reared at high densities in heated water: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 5, no. 1, p. 77-79, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0077:FCOASR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f72ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderberg, R. W.","contributorId":93855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderberg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014806,"text":"1014806 - 1993 - Effects of diet and environmental salinity on the growth, mortality, and tissue structure of juvenile striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:48:33.40776","indexId":"1014806","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of diet and environmental salinity on the growth, mortality, and tissue structure of juvenile striped bass","docAbstract":"

Juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis (approximately 60 d old) were fed either a commercial trout feed or an open-formula salmon feed for 16 weeks and reared in 24°C fresh water or saline water prepared from sodium chloride or synthetic sea salt. Fish that were fed salmon feed were larger, contained higher levels of body lipid, and had livers with uniform glycogen vacuolation. Fish that were fed trout feed were smaller, contained less body lipid, and had necrotic liver tissue. More than 95% of the fish fed the trout feed and reared in water containing sodium chloride at 10‰ salinity died within the first 2 weeks. Mortality of fish fed the salmon feed under the same rearing conditions was 3% in 2 weeks. An osmoregulatory dysfunction from an imbalance of environmental calcium and sodium is suggested as the cause of the mortality. Although no definitive cause was established for the diet-related histological changes in the livers of fish that were fed the trout feed, type and level of dietary essential fatty acids are suspected

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0294:EODAES>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lemm, C.A., Herman, R.L., Lemarie, D.P., and Arzapalo, A., 1993, Effects of diet and environmental salinity on the growth, mortality, and tissue structure of juvenile striped bass: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 5, p. 294-305, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0294:EODAES>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arzapalo, A.","contributorId":59762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arzapalo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2000083,"text":"2000083 - 1993 - A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:57:53","indexId":"2000083","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","docAbstract":"We adapted a stochastic computer model to simulate productivity of the northern pintail (Anas acuta). Researchers at the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service originally developed the model to simulate productivity of the mallard (A. platyrhynchos). We obtained data and descriptive information on the breeding biology of pintails from a literature review and from discussions with waterfowl biologists. All biological parameters in the productivity component of the mallard model (e.g, initial body weights, weight loss during laying and incubation, incubation time, clutch size, nest site selection characteristics) were compared with data on pintails and adjusted accordingly. The function in the mallard model that predicts nest initiation in response to pond conditions adequately mimicked pintail behavior and did not require adjustment.Recruitment rate was most sensitive to variations in parameters that control nest success, seasonal duckling survival rate, and yearling and adult body weight. We simulated upland and wetland habitat conditions in central North Dakota and compared simulation results with observed data. Simulated numbers were not significantly different from observed numbers of successful nests during wet, average, and dry wetland conditions. The simulated effect of predator barrier fencing in a study area in central North Dakota increased recruitment rate by an average of 18.4%. This modeling synthesized existing knowledge on the breeding biology of the northern pintail, identified necessary research, and furnished a useful tool for the examination and comparison of various management options.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Carlson, J., Clark, W., and Klaas, E., 1993, A model of the productivity of the northern pintail: Biological Report 7, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -99.459228515625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -99.459228515625,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 46.98025235521883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":94006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, W.R.","contributorId":70716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014748,"text":"1014748 - 1993 - Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:55:50.618654","indexId":"1014748","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout","docAbstract":"

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were reared for 1 year in water with one of six levels of incoming differential gas pressure (▵P): 4, 17, 33, 43, 58, or 75 mm Hg. Growth and survival of fish were evaluated as measures of response to the potential long‐term stress of elevated dissolved gases in rearing water. Mortality rates were not different among fish held in supersaturated water up to ▵P 58 (108% of total gas saturation), but mortality at ▵P 75 (110% saturation) was significantly higher after day 28. From days 21 to 35, the number of nonfeeding, moribund fish increased with increasing gas level. By day 56, the length and weight of fish were significantly greater at ▵P 4 than at higher gas levels. Growth rate reductions were evident for lake trout in ▵P 17 and above for more than 252 d. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly better in fish held at ▵Ps 4 and 17 than at higher pressures. Lake trout grew fastest and most efficiently at ▵P 4 for 252 d, but ▵P 58 was also a safe rearing level in terms of mortality. There were no signs of gas bubble formation in fish held at or below ▵P 58 and only 3% of the fish at ▵P 75 exhibited emphysemas after 269 d of exposure. For optimum growth of juvenile lake trout, total dissolved gas levels should be less than ▵P 17, probably near ▵P 0.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0169:EOOYET%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., 1993, Effects of one-year exposures to gas supersaturation on lake trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 3, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0169:EOOYET%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000806,"text":"1000806 - 1993 - Interactions between ground water and wetlands, southern shore of Lake Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:42:09","indexId":"1000806","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between ground water and wetlands, southern shore of Lake Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"
Wetlands between, and within, dune-beach complexes along the south shore of Lake Michigan are strongly affected by ground water. The hydrogeology of the glacial drift aquifer system in a 26 km2 area was investigated to determine the effects of ground water on the hydrology and hydrochemistry of Cowles Bog and its adjacent wetlands. The investigation showed that ground water from intermediate- and regional-scale flow systems discharges to Cowles Bog from confined aquifers that underlie the wetland. These flow systems are recharged in moraines south of the dune-beach complexes.
\n
Water from the confined aquifers discharges into the surficial aquifer mainly by upward leakage through a buried till sheet that serves as the confining layer. However, the till sheet is breached below a raised peat mound in Cowles Bog, allowing direct upward discharge from the confinef aquifer into the surficial sand, marl, and peat. The shallow ground and wetland water in the area influenced by this leakage is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, with low tritium concentrations consistent with mixing of older ground water and more recent precipitation. Ground water and wetland water from surrounding areas are less mineralized and have higher tritium concentrations characteristic of precipitation in the late 1970s.
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The results of this study suggest that wetlands in complex hydrogeologic settings may be influenced by multiple ground-water flow systems that are affected by geomorphic features, stratigraphic discontinuities, and changes in sediment types. Discharge and recharge zones may both occur in the same wetland. Multidisciplinary studies incorporating hydrological, hydrochemical, geophysical, and sedimentological data are necessary to identify such complexities in wetland hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90047-D","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Wilcox, D.A., Thompson, T.A., and Cohen, D.A., 1993, Interactions between ground water and wetlands, southern shore of Lake Michigan, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 141, no. 1-4, p. 127-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90047-D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"155","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479527,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2317","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, David A.","contributorId":30198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003402,"text":"1003402 - 1993 - Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:45:46.41236","indexId":"1003402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Major phosphorus (P) fluxes to and from the pelagic zone (i.e., open water region including epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion) were estimated from data collected over a 6 year period during the summer in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin. P inputs to the pelagic zone included profundal sediments, the watershed, groundwater, and transport of P from the littoral zone. P outputs from the pelagic zone included discharge from the reservoir, deposition, and transport of P to the littoral zone. Nighttime convective circulation was assumed to be the dominant mechanism of P exchange between the littoral and pelagic zones. Littoral P inputs, often neglected from budgetary analyses, accounted for 15% of the total measured P input and 25% of the internal P input to the pelagic zone. External P inputs were greatest, accounting for 42% of the total measured P input to the pelagic zone. These results emphasize the need for control of various sources of P inputs in the development of lake and reservoir management strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149309354459","usgsCitation":"James, W., and Barko, J., 1993, Analysis of summer phosphorus fluxes within the pelagic zone of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 8, no. 1, p. 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149309354459.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149309354459","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68016e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014688,"text":"1014688 - 1993 - Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T23:45:44.892039","indexId":"1014688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples","docAbstract":"

We developed a statistical method to distinguish the large demersal eggs of American shad from those of white sucker in riverine samples using egg morphometric analysis. Eggs were first screened by total diameter in deionized water according to ranges reported in the published literature. Differences in relative yolk diameter between the two species were then determined statistically from known museum sources. Only those eggs with relative yolk diameters greater than two standard deviations below the mean for white sucker eggs were considered to be American shad eggs. The criteria for American shad eggs were total diameter ≥2.3 nm and relative yolk diameter ≤66%. A partial test of the model showed predicted identity to agree with observed identity for 74 out of 75 shad eggs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664841","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Bennett, R.M., 1993, Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664841.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014686,"text":"1014686 - 1993 - Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:53:05.507682","indexId":"1014686","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad","docAbstract":"

Juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) were exposed to three levels of metomidate (0.0 = control, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) and three types of sedation or handling (none, sedation only, and handling after sedation) to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug for use in transport and handling of this species. Mean sedation times were 9 and 3 min, and mean recovery times were 6 and 7 min, respectively, for the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐mg/L concentrations of metomidate. For fish exposed to 1.0 mg metomidate/L, normal swimming behavior was delayed as long as 4 h after fish were placed in drug‐free water. Aggregating and parallel orientation behaviors, precursors of normal schooling, were significantly reduced at the highest drug level for 1 h, but not for 24 h, after recovery. No posttreatment difference in behavior was observed as a result of handling fish (removal from water, weighing, and measuring) under sedation. Long‐term (50‐d) survival was not affected by drug concentration in one experiment and was improved by use of the anesthetic in a second study. Metomidate appears to be useful and safe for the transportation and handling of juvenile American shad.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0236:EOTAMF%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Backman, T.W., and Bennett, R.M., 1993, Evaluation of the anesthetic metomidate for the handling and transport of juvenile American shad: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 55, no. 4, p. 236-243, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055%3C0236:EOTAMF%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backman, T. W. H.","contributorId":84307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7000011,"text":"7000011 - 1993 - Fossils, rocks, and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T11:36:15","indexId":"7000011","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Fossils, rocks, and time","docAbstract":"

We study out Earth for many reasons: to find water to drink or oil to run our cars or coal to heat our homes, to know where to expect earthquakes or landslides or floods, and to try to understand our natural surroundings. Earth is constantly changing--nothing on its surface is truly permanent. Rocks that are not on top of a mountain may once have been on the bottom of the sea. Thus, to understand the world we live on, we must add the dimension of time. We must study Earth's history.

\n
\n

When we talk about recorded history, time is measured in years, centuries, and tens of centuries. When we talk about Earth history, time is measured in millions and billions of years.

\n
\n

Time is an everyday part of our lives. We keep track of time with a marvelous invention, the calendar, which is based on the movements of the Earth in space. One spin of Earth on its axis is a day, and one trip around the sun is a year. The modern calendar is a great achievement, developed over many thousands of years as theory and technology improved.

\n
\n

People who study Earth's history also use a type of calendar, called the geologic time scale. It looks very different from the familiar calendar. In some ways, it is more like a book, and the rocks are its pages. Some of the pages are torn or missing, and the pages are not numbered, but geology gives us the tools to help us read this book.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000011","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Pojeta, J., 1993, Fossils, rocks, and time: General Interest Publication, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000011.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report.pdf","size":"8461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pojeta, John Jr.","contributorId":44514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000822,"text":"1000822 - 1993 - Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"1000822","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1088,"text":"Buffalo Environmental Law Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation","docAbstract":"In its brief existence as a recognized scientific discipline, restoration ecology has focused almost exclusively on terrestrial and wetland habitat. As a consequence, aquatic restoration and rehabilitation, an important component of restoration ecology is a relatively new discipline. This article examines the ecosystem approach to rehabilitation of the Great Lakes Basin and proposes that waterfront redevlopment and terrestrial and wetland habitat restoration should be accompanied by aquatic habitat restoration. Furthermore, aquatic habitat restoration must include rehabilitation of hard-bottom substrates and structures as well as pollution cleanup and management of soft sediments. Lastly, the article suggests that longterm evaluation is indispensable for aquatic habitat restoration and rehabiliation to be truly successful in the Great Lakes region. Only through longterm evaluation can we determine whether habitat restoration goals have been met at specific sites and transfer successful lessons learned at other locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Buffalo Environmental Law Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., 1993, Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation: Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, v. 1, p. 267-277.","productDescription":"p. 267-277","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6272c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, John E.","contributorId":74706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003171,"text":"1003171 - 1993 - Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"1003171","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","docAbstract":"We quantified total mercury in surficial sediments (uppermost 5 cm) of six small seepage lakes. Fifty cores were taken from each lake, based on a random sampling design stratified by water depth. Volumetric concentrations (mass per volume of wet sediment) more accurately portrayed the depth distribution of mercury in the lakes than did dry-weight concentrations, which underrepresented the significance of the shallow-water sediments as a reservoir of potentially available mercury. Estimates of whole-lake burdens (masses) of mercury in the surficial sediment, which represents the maximum amount of sedimentary mercury available for methylation, ranged from 45 to 149 g. We hypothesize that the observed variation in areal burdens of mercury was partly due to variation among lakes in the pH-related efflux of gaseous mercury (Hg super(0)) from the lakes to the atmosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin River Studies Center","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Rada, R., Powell, D., and Wiener, J., 1993, Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 4, p. 865-873.","productDescription":"pp. 865-873","startPage":"865","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, D.E.","contributorId":72093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000701,"text":"1000701 - 1993 - Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000701","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3159,"text":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","docAbstract":"This study establishes a baseline of water chemistry information for selected Indiana fens over the course of one year. Fens are peatlands fed by groundwater seepage and are characterized by their dominant plant communities. Most of the fens discussed in this paper are located on property controlled and protected by the State of Indiana or the Federal government. Comparisons were made of variability in water chemistry data between fens located in the same area and those located some distance away. This survey indicated extensive variability in fen water chemistry with greater variability in water chemistry between fens in separate locations than in yearly variation within individual fens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stewart, P.M., Kessler, K., and Dunbar, R., 1993, Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, v. 102, p. 207-217.","productDescription":"p. 207-217","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Katrina","contributorId":14359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Katrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, Richard","contributorId":107663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000674,"text":"1000674 - 1993 - Survival of lake trout stocked in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:22:57","indexId":"1000674","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of lake trout stocked in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"

Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush of the 1979–1990 year-classes (Lake Superior strain) were marked and stocked as fingerlings or yearlings in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario and recaptured during annual surveys with trawls and gill nets. Catches (as proportions of fish stocked) of age-2 fish by trawls and age-3 fish by gill nets were used as indices of survival. Mean survival indices of stocked fish declined over 50% from the 1980 to the 1990 year-class for fish stocked as yearlings and declined more than 90% for those stocked as fingerlings. Survival indices for fish stocked as yearlings were negatively and significantly correlated with abundance indices of large (≥550 mm total length) lake trout caught in gill nets in the year of stocking. This relation was not significant for fish stocked as fingerlings. Mean weight at stocking more than doubled for yearlings and increased by about one-third for fingerlings during this study. The increase in size at stocking may have offset what would otherwise have been a more drastic increase in mortality due to predation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0775:SOLTSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., Schneider, C.P., and Ostergaard, D.E., 1993, Survival of lake trout stocked in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0775:SOLTSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68818c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostergaard, David E.","contributorId":48906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostergaard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96673,"text":"96673 - 1993 - Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:42:46","indexId":"96673","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Orthmeyer, D., Casazza, M.L., McLandress, M., and Connelly, D., 1993, Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association, 73 p.","productDescription":"73 p.","startPage":"73","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLandress, M.R.","contributorId":15550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLandress","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connelly, D.P.","contributorId":30166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":95404,"text":"95404 - 1993 - Cold-water fish viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cold-water fish viruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"W. B. Saunders Company","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","collaboration":"93-016/FH","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., 1993, Cold-water fish viruses, chap. of Fish medicine, p. 697-711.","productDescription":"p. 697-711","startPage":"697","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae93d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stoskopf, M. K.","contributorId":75894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoskopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000660,"text":"1000660 - 1993 - Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T11:28:00","indexId":"1000660","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

In 1992, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service began research on the life history, population dynamics, and stock delineation of siscowet lake trout Salvelinus namaycush siscowet in Lake Superior. Siscowet were captured with gill nets in 80-150 m of water on 23-26 April 1992 north of the Apostle Islands in western Lake Superior. Of 91 captured siscowets, one male had fully developed testes in nearly ripe condition and one female had eggs running from the vent. This observation represents the earliest dates that lake trout of any morphotype have been found in spawning or near-spawning condition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71246-0","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., 1993, Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 625-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71246-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"629","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26056,"text":"wri924180 - 1993 - Ground-water withdrawals, water levels, and ground-water quality in the Houston district, Texas, with emphasis on 1985-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T14:53:55.530996","indexId":"wri924180","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4180","title":"Ground-water withdrawals, water levels, and ground-water quality in the Houston district, Texas, with emphasis on 1985-89","docAbstract":"

This report is one in a series of reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, beginning in 1937, on the ground-water resources in the Houston district. The Houston district includes Harris and Galveston Counties, and parts of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Waller, Montgomery, Liberty, and Chambers Counties. The primary emphasis of this report includes ground-water resources information for the district from 1985-89. Some data collected before 1985 and in early 1990 are included to present long-term trends and relations.

\n

Ground-water withdrawal in the Houston district decreased from 451 to 419 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) between 1985 and 1989. Public supply used 77 percent of the ground water withdrawn in the district in 1985. From 1985 through 1989, withdrawals for public supply decreased from 349 to 338 Mgal/d, withdrawals for industrial use decreased from 37 to 32 Mgal/d, and withdrawals for irrigation use decreased from 65 to 49 Mgal/d.

\n

From 1985 through 1989, ground-water withdrawals decreased from about 197.9 Mgal/d to about 166.9 Mgal/d in the Houston area and increased from about 179.5 Mgal/d to about 180.8 Mgal/d in the Katy area, and remained constant at about 67 Mgal/d in the rest of Harris County. Galveston County ground-water withdrawal decreased from about 6.1 to 4.0 Mgal/d during 1985-89.

\n

During 1977-90, water levels in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer in the eastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 160 ft (feet) and declined as much as 80 ft in the western part. During 1985-90, water levels in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer in the western part of the Houston district rose as much as 140 ft, and declined as much as 40 ft in the western part.

\n

During 1977-90, water levels in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer in the southeastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 140 ft and declined as much as 200 ft in the northwestern part. During 1985-90, water levels in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer in the eastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 40 ft, and declined as much as 140 ft in the northern part.

\n

Dissolved-chloride concentrations in water from wells in the Houston district have not changed more than 100 mg/L during 1985-89, except for a decrease at one well in the eastern part of Galveston County. Well KH-65-48-316 yielded water with dissolved-chloride concentration decreasing from 720 mg/L in 1986 to 590 mg/L in 1989.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Barbie, D., and Locke, G., 1993, Ground-water withdrawals, water levels, and ground-water quality in the Houston district, Texas, with emphasis on 1985-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4180, Report: v, 28 p.; 8 Plates: 24.52 x 17.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924180.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 8 Plates: 24.52 x 17.52 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366933,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366932,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366931,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366934,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366935,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366936,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366937,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366938,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -94.888916015625,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -94.888916015625,\n 30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbie, D.L.","contributorId":61459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbie","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, G.L.","contributorId":59065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26075,"text":"wri904180 - 1993 - Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T19:33:55.644108","indexId":"wri904180","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4180","title":"Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Ground water from the unconfined part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the New Jersey Coastal Plain typically is corrosive-- that is, it is acidic, soft, and has low concentrations of alkalinity. Corrosive ground water has the potential to leach trace elements and asbestos fibers from plumbing materials used in potable- water systems, thereby causing potentially harmful concentrations of these substances in drinking water. Corrosion indices were calculated from water-quality data for 370 wells in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. Values of the Langelier Saturation Index are predominantly negative, indicating that the water is undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, and, therefore, is potentially corrosive. Values of the Aggressive Index, a similar estimator of the corrosiveness of water, range from 3.9 (highly corrosive) to 11.9 (moderately corrosive). The median Aggressive Index value calculated for the 370 wells is 6.0, a value that indicates that the water is highly corrosive. Moderately corrosive ground water is found in some coastal areas. Isolated instances of moderately corrosive water are found in northern Ocean County, and in Burlington, Camden, and Salem Counties. In the vicinity of Ocean County corrosion-index values change little with depth, but in Atlantic, Burlington, and Salem Counties the corrosiveness of ground water generally appears to decrease with depth. Analyses of standing tap water from newly constructed homes in the Coastal Plain show concentrations of lead and other trace elements are significantly higher than those in ambient ground water. The elevated trace-element concentrations are attributed to the corrosion of plumbing materials by ground water. Results of the tap-water analyses substantiate the corrosiveness of Kirkwood-Cohansey ground water, as estimated by corrosion-index values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904180","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., Kish, G.R., and Velnich, A., 1993, Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4180, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904180.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4180/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.4536\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.4536\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.4536\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kish, G. R.","contributorId":65118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velnich, A. J.","contributorId":25149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velnich","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}