{"pageNumber":"1717","pageRowStart":"42900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70007062,"text":"sim3187 - 2011 - Lidar-revised geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:28:04.611784","indexId":"sim3187","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3187","title":"Lidar-revised geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"This map is an interpretation of a 6-ft-resolution (2-m-resolution) lidar (light detection and ranging) digital elevation model combined with the geology depicted on the Geologic Map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington (Haeussler and Clark, 2000). Haeussler and Clark described, interpreted, and located the geology on the 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle. This map, derived from 1951 aerial photographs, has 20-ft contours, nominal horizontal resolution of approximately 40 ft (12 m), and nominal mean vertical accuracy of approximately 10 ft (3 m). Similar to many geologic maps, much of the geology in the Haeussler and Clark (2000) map-especially the distribution of surficial deposits-was interpreted from landforms portrayed on the topographic map. In 2001, the Puget Sound lidar Consortium obtained a lidar-derived digital elevation model (DEM) for Kitsap Peninsula including all of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle. This new DEM has a horizontal resolution of 6 ft (2 m) and a mean vertical accuracy of about 1 ft (0.3 m). The greater resolution and accuracy of the lidar DEM compared to topography constructed from air photo stereo models have much improved the interpretation of geology in this heavily vegetated landscape, especially the distribution and relative age of some surficial deposits. Many contacts of surficial deposits are adapted unmodified or slightly modified from Haugerud (2009).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3187","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.W., Haugerud, R.A., Haeussler, P.J., and Clark, K.P., 2011, Lidar-revised geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3187, Pamphlet: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 30 x 36 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3187.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 30 x 36 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3187.gif"},{"id":398859,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96384.htm"},{"id":112412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County, Mason County","otherGeospatial":"Wildcat Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.875,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75,\n              47.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.875,\n              47.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.875,\n              47.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4752e4b0c8380cd67815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, Rowland W. rtabor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"Rowland","email":"rtabor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Kenneth P.","contributorId":65513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70136237,"text":"70136237 - 2011 - Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:24:53","indexId":"70136237","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","docAbstract":"<div class=\"textLayer\">Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), by their very nature, and the extreme, remote environment in which they live, are inherently difficult to study and monitor. Monitoring polar bear populations is both arduous and costly and, to be effective, must be a long-term commitment. There are few jurisdictional governments and management boards with a mandate for polar bear research and management, and many have limited resources. Although population monitoring of polar bears has been a focus to some degree within most jurisdictions around the Arctic, of the 19 subpopulations recognised by the IUCN/Species Survival Commission Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG), adequate scientific trend data exist for only three of the subpopulations, fair trend data for five and poor or no trend data for the remaining 11 subpopulations (PBSG 2010a). There are especially critical knowledge gaps for the subpopulations in East Greenland, in the Russian Kara and Laptev seas, and in the Chukchi Sea, which is shared between Russia and the United States. The range covered by these subpopulations represents a third of the total area (approx. 23 million km2) of polar bears’ current range, and more than half if the Arctic Basin is included. If we use popular terms, we know close to nothing about polar bears in this portion of their range.</div><div class=\"textLayer\"><div><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div>As summer sea-ice extent, and to a lesser degree, spring-time extent, continues to retreat, outpacing model forecasts (Stroeve et al. 2007, Pedersen et al. 2009), polar bears face the challenge of adapting to rapidly changing habitats. There is a need to use current and synthesised information across the Arctic, and to develop new methods that will facilitate monitoring to generate new knowledge at a pan-Arctic scale. The circumpolar dimension can be lost when efforts are channelled into regional monitoring. Developing and implementing a plan that harmonises local, regional and global efforts will increase our power to detect and understand important trends for polar bears, with particular emphasis on how climate warming may differentially affect populations and habitats. Current knowledge is inadequate for a comprehensive understanding of the present and future impact of climate warming and its interaction with other stressors. The cumulative effects are unknown (Laidre et al. 2008). An integrated pan-Arctic research and monitoring plan will improve the ability to detect future trends, identify the most vulnerable subpopulations and guide effective conservation. There is a need to direct attention and resources where data are deficient to understand the mechanisms that drive trends, and to facilitate more effective and timely conservation response.</div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"CAFF Monitoring Series Report No. 1","isbn":"978-9935-431-01-1","usgsCitation":"Vongraven, D., and Peacock, E.L., 2011, Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper, 31 p. .","productDescription":"31 p. 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,{"id":70227058,"text":"70227058 - 2011 - ‘Measurement of Clay Surface Areas by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Sorption: A New Method for Quantifying Illite and Smectite Abundance’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T15:59:27.990502","indexId":"70227058","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-28T09:57:27","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"‘Measurement of Clay Surface Areas by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Sorption: A New Method for Quantifying Illite and Smectite Abundance’","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590209","usgsCitation":"Blum, A.E., Lee, L., and Eberl, D.D., 2011, ‘Measurement of Clay Surface Areas by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Sorption: A New Method for Quantifying Illite and Smectite Abundance’: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 59, p. 212-213, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590209.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blum, Alex E. aeblum@usgs.gov","contributorId":2845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Alex","email":"aeblum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":829441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Lopaka","contributorId":83167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Lopaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":829442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006348,"text":"pp1770 - 2011 - Groundwater availability of the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T12:06:58","indexId":"pp1770","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1770","title":"Groundwater availability of the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Denver Basin aquifer system is a critical water resource for growing municipal, industrial, and domestic uses along the semiarid Front Range urban corridor of Colorado.  The confined bedrock aquifer system is located along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountain Front Range where the mountains meet the Great Plains physiographic province.  Continued population growth and the resulting need for additional water supplies in the Denver Basin and throughout the western United States emphasize the need to continually monitor and reassess the availability of groundwater resources. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated large-scale regional studies to provide updated groundwater-availability assessments of important principal aquifers across the United States, including the Denver Basin.  This study of the Denver Basin aquifer system evaluates the hydrologic effects of continued pumping and documents an updated groundwater flow model useful for appraisal of hydrologic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1770","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"2011, Groundwater availability of the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1770, xxix, 274 p.; PDF Downloads of Chapters A-C; XLS Download of Appendix C1; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1770.","productDescription":"xxix, 274 p.; PDF Downloads of Chapters A-C; XLS Download of Appendix C1; Data Release","startPage":"i","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"303","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438819,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CHGG0V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets developed for a groundwater-flow model of the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado"},{"id":116865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1770.png"},{"id":112365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1770/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":346516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77W69PQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2000 model used to simulate the groundwater flow of the Denver Basin Aquifer System, Colorado"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d93e4b0c8380cd5bf33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S. 0000-0002-3471-4242 spaschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-4242","contributorId":1347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"spaschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006345,"text":"sim3195 - 2011 - Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"sim3195","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3195","title":"Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008","docAbstract":"Probabilistic seismic-hazard maps were prepared for the conterminous United States portraying peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral response acceleration for 0.2- and 1.0-second periods with probabilities of exceedance of 10 percent in 50 years and 2 percent in 50 years. All of the maps were prepared by combining the hazard derived from spatially smoothed historic seismicity with the hazard from fault-specific sources. The acceleration values contoured are the random horizontal component. The reference site condition is firm rock, defined as having an average shear-wave velocity of 760 m/s in the top 30 meters corresponding to the boundary between NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction program) site classes B and C.\nThis data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.05 degrees in latitude and longitude. The grid of points were contoured to produce the final representation of the seismic-hazard.\nThese maps are intended to summarize the available quantitative information about seismic ground motion hazard for the conterminous United States from geologic and geophysical source.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Frankel, A.D., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K., Wheller, R.L., Wesson, R.L., Zeng, Y., Boyd, O.S., Perkins, D.M., Luco, N., Field, E.H., Wills, C.J., and Rukstales, K.S., 2011, Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3195, Sheets 1-6: 31 inches x 24 inches, Map PDF, GIS data zip; Metadata; Geologic map database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3195.","productDescription":"Sheets 1-6: 31 inches x 24 inches, Map PDF, GIS data zip; Metadata; Geologic map database","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":414,"text":"National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3195.png"},{"id":112364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"7000000","projection":"Albers eaul-area conic","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,22 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -65,50 ], [ -65,22 ], [ -125,22 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b79e4b08c986b31786d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 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harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wills, Christopher J.","contributorId":58013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70044205,"text":"70044205 - 2011 - Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:00:32","indexId":"70044205","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers","docAbstract":"Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are commonly used to mark small catostomids, but tag loss and the effect of tagging on mortality have not been assessed for juveniles of the endangered Lost River sucker <i>Deltistes luxatus</i>. I evaluated tag loss and short-term (34-d) mortality associated with the PIT tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers in the laboratory by using a completely randomized design and three treatment groups (PIT tagged, positive control, and control). An empty needle was inserted into each positive control fish, whereas control fish were handled but not tagged. Only one fish expelled its PIT tag. Mortality rate averaged 9.8 ± 3.4% (mean ± SD) for tagged fish; mortality was 0% for control and positive control fish. All tagging mortalities occurred in fish with standard lengths of 71 mm or less, and most of the mortalities occurred within 48 h of tagging. My results indicate that 12.45- × 2.02-mm PIT tags provide a viable method of marking juvenile Lost River suckers that are 72 mm or larger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.641067","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2011, Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.641067.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-027925","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268631,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.641067"},{"id":268632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5513,41.0938 ], [ -123.5513,43.6401 ], [ -119.6072,43.6401 ], [ -119.6072,41.0938 ], [ -123.5513,41.0938 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131dc11e4b0140546f53c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003691,"text":"70003691 - 2011 - The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003691","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began systematic topographic mapping of the United States in the 1880s, beginning with scales of 1:250,000 and 1:125,000 in support of geological mapping. Responding to the need for higher resolution and more detail, the 1:62,500-scale, 15-minute, topographic map series was begun in the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, in the 1950s the USGS adopted the 1:24,000-scale, 7.5-minute topographic map series to portray even more detail, completing the coverage of the conterminous 48 states of the United States with this series in 1992. In 2001, the USGS developed the vision and concept of <i>The National Map</i>, a topographic database for the 21st century and the source for a new generation of topographic maps (http://nationalmap.gov/). In 2008, the initial production of those maps began with a 1:24,000-scale digital product. In a separate, but related project, the USGS began scanning the existing inventory of historical topographic maps at all scales to accompany the new topographic maps. The USGS also had developed a digital database of <i>The National Atlas of the United States</i>. The digital version of Atlas is now Web-available and supports a mapping engine for small scale maps of the United States and North America. These three efforts define topographic mapping activities of the USGS during the last few years and are discussed below.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","doi":"10.1559/15230406382326","usgsCitation":"Craun, K.J., Donnelly, J.P., and Allord, G.J., 2011, The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 3, p. 326-329, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382326.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"329","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112422,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382326","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba93fe4b08c986b322138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craun, Kari J. 0000-0001-7875-2809 kcraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-2809","contributorId":3526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craun","given":"Kari","email":"kcraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly, John P. jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"John","email":"jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allord, Gregory J. gjallord@usgs.gov","contributorId":2714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allord","given":"Gregory","email":"gjallord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003793,"text":"70003793 - 2011 - The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003793","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces geospatial databases and topographic maps for the United States of America. A part of that mission includes conducting research in geographic information science (GIScience) and cartography to support mapping and improve the design, quality, delivery, and use of geospatial data and topographic maps. The Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) was established by the USGS in January 2006 as a part of the National Geospatial Program Office. CEGIS (http://cegis.usgs.gov) evolved from a team of cartographic researchers at the Mid-Continent Mapping Center. The team became known as the Cartographic Research group and was supported by the Cooperative Topographic Mapping, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring, and Land Remote Sensing programs of the Geography Discipline of the USGS from 1999-2005. In 2006, the Cartographic Research group and its projects (http://carto-research.er.usgs.gov/) became the core of CEGIS staff and research. In 2006, CEGIS research became focused on The National Map (http://nationalmap.gov).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/15230406382302","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., 2011, The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 3, p. 302-309, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382302.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"309","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382302","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba93ae4b08c986b322119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004036,"text":"70004036 - 2011 - The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: Geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:26:16.16084","indexId":"70004036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T14:17:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: Geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kharapeh gold deposit is located along the northwestern margin of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SSZ) in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is an epizonal orogenic gold deposit formed within the deformed zone between central Iran and the Arabian plate during the Cretaceous–Tertiary Zagros orogeny. The deposit area is underlain by Cretaceous schist and marble, as well as altered andesite and dacite dikes. Structural analysis indicates that the rocks underwent tight to isoclinal recumbent folding and were subsequently co-axially refolded to upright open folds during a second deformation. Late- to post-tectonic Cenozoic granites and granodiorites occur northeast of the deposit area. Mineralization mainly is recognized within NW-trending extensional structures as veins and breccia zones. Normal faults, intermediate dikes, and quartz veins, oriented subparallel to the axial surface of the Kharapeh antiform, indicate synchronous extension perpendicular to the fold axis during the second folding event. The gold-bearing quartz veins are &gt;1&nbsp;km in length and average about 6&nbsp;m in width; breccia zones are 10–50&nbsp;m in length and ≤1&nbsp;m in width. Hydrothermal alteration mainly consists of silicification, sulfidation, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization. Paragenetic relationships indicate three distinct stages—replacement and silicification, brecciation and fracture filling, and cataclastic brecciation—with the latter two being gold-rich. Fluid inclusion data suggest mineral deposition at temperatures of at least 220–255°C and depths of at least 1.4–1.8&nbsp;km, from a H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O–CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>±CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;fluid of relatively high salinity (12–14&nbsp;wt.% NaCl equiv.), which may reflect metamorphism of passive margin carbonate sequences. Ore fluid δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values between about 7‰ and 9‰ suggest no significant meteoric water input, despite gold deposition in a relatively shallow epizonal environment. Similarities to other deposits in the SSZ suggest that the deposit formed as part of a diachronous gold event during the middle to late Tertiary throughout the SSZ and during the final stages of the Zagros orogeny. The proximity of Kharapeh to the main tectonic suture of the orogen, well-developed regional fold systems with superimposed complex fracture geometries, and recognition of nearby volcanogenic massive sulfide systems that suggest a region characterized by sulfur- and metal-rich crustal rocks, collectively indicate an area of the SSZ with high favorability for undiscovered gold resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00126-011-0335-x","usgsCitation":"Niroomand, S., Goldfarb, R.J., Moore, F., Mohajjel, M., and Marsh, E., 2011, The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: Geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran: Mineralium Deposita, v. 46, no. 4, p. 409-428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-011-0335-x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","state":"West Azerbaijan Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              57.52441406249999,\n              29.180941290001776\n            ],\n            [\n              55.7061767578125,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              53.3111572265625,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              50.064697265625,\n              36.03577394783581\n            ],\n            [\n              47.71911621093749,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              46.1260986328125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              46.1260986328125,\n              36.5670120564234\n            ],\n            [\n              48.724365234375,\n              34.5020297944346\n            ],\n            [\n              51.96533203125,\n              31.194007509998823\n            ],\n            [\n              55.6072998046875,\n              28.589345223446188\n            ],\n            [\n              57.52441406249999,\n              29.180941290001776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba79be4b08c986b321698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niroomand, Shojaeddin","contributorId":65981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niroomand","given":"Shojaeddin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Farib","contributorId":73330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Farib","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mohajjel, Mohammad","contributorId":34254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohajjel","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":58765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006365,"text":"sim3180 - 2011 - Generalized potentiometric surface, estimated depth to water, and estimated saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer system, March&ndash;June 2009, Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sim3180","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T10:14:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3180","title":"Generalized potentiometric surface, estimated depth to water, and estimated saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer system, March&ndash;June 2009, Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The High Plains aquifer system, commonly called the High Plains aquifer in many publications, is a nationally important water resource that underlies a 111-million-acre area (173,000 square miles) in parts of eight States including Wyoming. Through irrigation of crops with groundwater from the High Plains aquifer system, the area that overlies the aquifer system has become one of the major agricultural regions in the world. In addition, the aquifer system also serves as the primary source of drinking water for most residents of the region. The High Plains aquifer system is one of the largest aquifers or aquifer systems in the world.</p> <p>The High Plains aquifer system underlies an area of 8,190 square miles in southeastern Wyoming. Including Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is present in parts of five counties in southeastern Wyoming. The High Plains aquifer system underlies 8 percent of Wyoming, and 5 percent of the aquifer system is located within the State. Based on withdrawals for irrigation, public supply, and industrial use in 2000, the High Plains aquifer system is the most utilized source of groundwater in Wyoming.</p> <p>With the exception of the Laramie Mountains in western Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is present throughout Laramie County. In Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is the predominant groundwater resource for agricultural (irrigation), municipal, industrial, and domestic uses. Withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation (primarily in the eastern part of the county) is the largest use of water from the High Plains aquifer system in Laramie County and southeastern Wyoming.</p> <p>Continued interest in groundwater levels in the High Plains aquifer system in Laramie County prompted a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office to update the potentiometric-surface map of the aquifer system in Laramie County. Groundwater levels were measured in wells completed in the High Plains aquifer system from March to June 2009. The groundwater levels were used to construct a map of the potentiometric surface of the High Plains aquifer system. In addition, depth to water and estimated saturated-thickness maps of the aquifer system were constructed using the potentiometric-surface map.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3180","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., and Hallberg, L.L., 2011, Generalized potentiometric surface, estimated depth to water, and estimated saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer system, March&ndash;June 2009, Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3180, 1 Sheet: 54 x 42 inches; Metadata Download; GIS Database Dowload, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3180.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 54 x 42 inches; Metadata Download; GIS Database Dowload","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3180.png"},{"id":112399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.23333333333333,41 ], [ -105.23333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -104.05,41.666666666666664 ], [ -104.05,41 ], [ -105.23333333333333,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a153fe4b0c8380cd54d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, Laura L. 0000-0001-9983-8003 lhallber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8003","contributorId":1825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"Laura","email":"lhallber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006363,"text":"sir20115204 - 2011 - Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996&ndash;December 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:36:25","indexId":"sir20115204","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5204","title":"Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996&ndash;December 2008","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the quality of volatile organic compound (VOC) data collected from October 1996 to December 2008 from groundwater and surface-water sites for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The VOC data described were collected for three NAWQA site types: (1) domestic and public-supply wells, (2) monitoring wells, and (3) surface-water sites. Contamination bias, based on the 90-percent upper confidence limit (UCL) for the 90th percentile of concentrations in field blanks, was determined for VOC samples from the three site types. A way to express this bias is that there is 90-percent confidence that this amount of contamination would be exceeded in no more than 10 percent of all samples (including environmental samples) that were collected, processed, shipped, and analyzed in the same manner as the blank samples. This report also describes how important native water rinsing may be in decreasing carryover contamination, which could be affecting field blanks.</p> <p>The VOCs can be classified into four contamination categories on the basis of the 90-percent upper confidence limit (90-percent UCL) concentration distribution in field blanks. Contamination category 1 includes compounds that were not detected in any field blanks. Contamination category 2 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is about an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples. Contamination category 3 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is within an order of magnitude of the distribution in environmental samples. Contamination category 4 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is at least an order of magnitude larger than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples.</p> <p>Fifty-four of the 87 VOCs analyzed in samples from domestic and public-supply wells were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1), and 33 VOC were detected in field blanks. Ten of the 33 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These 10 VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative of the sources of contamination bias affecting the environmental samples for these 10 VOCs. Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution of the field blanks that was within an order of magnitude of the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 3). Sixteen VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude greater than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field blanks for these 16 VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias affecting the environmental samples because of the larger concentration distributions (and sometimes higher frequency of detection) in field blanks than in environmental samples.</p> <p>Forty-three of the 87 VOCs analyzed in samples from monitoring wells were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1), and 44 VOCs were detected in field blanks. Eight of the 44 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than concentrations in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These eight VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative. Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was of the same order of magnitude as the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 3). Twenty-nine VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was an order of magnitude greater than the distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field blanks for these 29 VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias to the environmental samples.</p> <p>Fifty-four of the 87 VOCs analyzed in surface-water samples were not detected in field blanks (category 1), and 33 VOC were detected in field blanks. Sixteen of the 33 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These 16 VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative. Ten VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was similar to the concentration distribution of environmental samples (contamination category 3). Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was greater than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field-blank samples for these seven VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias to the environmental samples.</p> <p>The relation between the detection of a compound in field blanks and the detection in subsequent environmental samples appears to be minimal. The median minimum percent effectiveness of native water rinsing is about 79 percent for the 19 VOCs detected in more than 5 percent of field blanks from all three site types. The minimum percent effectiveness of native water rinsing (10 percent) was for toluene in surface-water samples, likely because of the large detection frequency of toluene in surface-water samples (about 79 percent) and in the associated field-blank samples (46.5 percent).</p> <p>The VOCs that were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1) from the three site types can be considered free of contamination bias, and various interpretations for environmental samples, such as VOC detection frequency at multiple assessment levels and comparisons of concentrations to benchmarks, are not limited for these VOCs. A censoring level for making comparisons at different assessment levels among environmental samples could be applied to concentrations of 9 VOCs in samples from domestic and public-supply wells, 16 VOCs in samples from monitoring wells, and 9 VOCs in surface-water samples to account for potential low-level contamination bias associated with these selected VOCs. Bracketing the potential contamination by comparing the detection and concentration statistics with no censoring applied to the potential for contamination bias on the basis of the 90-percent UCL for the 90th-percentile concentrations in field blanks may be useful when comparisons to benchmarks are done in a study.</p> <p>The VOCs that were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1) from the three site types can be considered free of contamination bias, and various interpretations for environmental samples, such as VOC detection frequency at multiple assessment levels and comparisons of concentrations to benchmarks, are not limited for these VOCs. A censoring level for making comparisons at different assessment levels among environmental samples could be applied to concentrations of 9 VOCs in samples from domestic and public-supply wells, 16 VOCs in samples from monitoring wells, and 9 VOCs in surface-water samples to account for potential low-level contamination bias associated with these selected VOCs. Bracketing the potential contamination by comparing the detection and concentration statistics with no censoring applied to the potential for contamination bias on the basis of the 90-percent UCL for the 90th-percentile concentrations in field blanks may be useful when comparisons to benchmarks are done in a study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Zogorski, J.S., Mueller, D.K., Rose, D.L., Martin, J.D., and Brenner, C.K., 2011, Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996&ndash;December 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5204, viii, 57 p.; Glossary; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115204.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.; Glossary; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5204.jpg"},{"id":112397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9148e4b0c8380cd801be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenner, Cassandra K.","contributorId":24235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70006351,"text":"sim3192 - 2011 - Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sim3192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3192","title":"Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County was developed to supply water to the city of Wichita and for irrigation in south-central Kansas. Water-level and storage-volume decreases that began with the development of the aquifer in the 1940s reached record to near-record lows in January 1993. Since 1993, the aquifer has been experiencing higher water levels and a partial recovery of storage volume. Potentiometric maps of the shallow and deep layers of the map show flow in both aquifer layers is generally from west to east. Water-level altitudes in the shallow aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,470 feet in the northwest corner of the study area to low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area; water-level altitudes in the deep aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,440 feet on the west edge of the study area to a low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area. In the northwest part of the study area, water-levels can be up to 50 feet higher in the shallow layer than in the deep layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. Measured water-level changes for August 1940 to January 2011 ranged from a decline of 16.52 feet to a rise of 2.22 feet. The change in storage volume from August 1940 to January 2011 was a decrease of about 104,000 acre-feet. This volume represents a recovery of about 151,000 acre-feet, or about 59 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993. It also represents a recovery of about 63,000 acre-feet, or about 38 percent of the storage volume lost between August 1940 and January 2007. Major factors in these storage-volume recoveries are increased recharge from greater-than-normal precipitation and planned decreases in city pumpage that are part of Wichita's Integrated Local Water Supply Plan; however, part of the recovery may be because city and irrigation pumpage probably decreased in response to greater-than-normal precipitation in the study area. Storage volume from July 2010 to January 2011 did not increase as it commonly does from July to January. The change in storage volume from July 2010 to January 2011 was a decrease of 10,300 acre-feet, probably because average precipitation in the study area during August 2010 through January 2011 was about 3.01 inches less than the August through January normal of 12.63 inches for the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2011, Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the <i>Equus</i> Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3192, 1 map sheet: 45.5 x 34.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3192.","productDescription":"1 map sheet: 45.5 x 34.5 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3192.png"},{"id":112391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey;Sedgwick","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Auquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,37.75 ], [ -97.75,38.25 ], [ -97.25,38.25 ], [ -97.25,37.75 ], [ -97.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97c9e4b08c986b31bc6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171509,"text":"70171509 - 2011 - The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:55:24","indexId":"70171509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-23T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"Chapter 5","title":"The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the occurrence, storage, and flow of groundwater in mountainous regions is limited by the lack of integrated data from wells, streams, springs, and climate. In his comprehensive treatment of the hydrogeology of the San Luis Valley, Huntley (1979) hypothesized that the underlying, fractured volcanic bedrock of the San Juan Mountains has relatively high bulk permeability and a regional-scale water table with a low hydraulic gradient. Other (some more recent) studies of fractured crystalline bedrock in mountainous terrain indicate that these rock units can act as aquifers (Kahn et al. 2008; Manning and Caine 2007; Robinson 1978; Stober and Bucher 2005). The body of recent work also suggests that the conception that fractured crystalline bedrock is of such low permeability that it constitutes a “no-flow zone” may be inappropriate. In addition to establishing a new baseline, the data presented here are used to test Huntley’s (1979) hypotheses that suggest that the San Juan Mountains may be underlain by a substantial groundwater system. With the advent of computers and digital databases, many types of publicly available data can be used to test hypotheses and provide new insights into mountain hydrogeology at the regional scale in the San Juan Mountains. Plate 16 illustrates processes that suggest several fundamental questions arising from our lack of knowledge of mountain hydrogeology. These questions include: What are the&nbsp;dynamic interrelationships among the tectonics of mountain building, climate, and groundwater, and what are the time scales over which associated processes operate? How does extreme topographic relief allow for groundwater recharge along steep surfaces rather than simply causing precipitation to run off ? How does extreme relief translate into hydraulic gradients that drive groundwater flow? Can extreme gradients drive large volumes of meteoric water deep into the Earth’s upper crust? Once in the subsurface, what are the residence times of these waters? Finally, how does complex geology, commonly associated with mountainous terrain, influence these processes and control potentially heterogeneous and tortuous flow pathways? This chapter presents a synthesis of hydrogeological data, in a reconnaissance style, at the regional scale for the San Juan Mountains. Analyses of these data shed some light on the questions posed earlier for the San Juan Mountains and on mountain hydrogeologic processes in general. These analyses are based on public digital data from geologic and topographic maps, precipitation networks, stream gauges, groundwater wells, and springs. These data can be integrated using the hydrologic cycle expressed as a mass balance between inputs and outputs. The data types noted earlier form the basic set of measurements used to explore, characterize, and quantify elements of the hydrologic cycle. This exploration at a variety of scales yields insight into the relationships among the physical geological framework, climatological and hydrological budgets, and the hydraulic properties of the major aquifers in the San Juan Mountains. Each of these factors has been broken down and investigated separately and then integrated at the end of the chapter, using a conceptual model. Although the San Juan Mountains contain extensive precious- and base-metal deposits that have led to natural and mining-related groundwater contamination, this topic is not addressed here. Interested readers should refer to the extensive body of US Geological Survey work in Gray et al. (1994), Plumlee et al. (1995), Wirt et al. (1999), Johnson and Yager (2006), Johnson et al. (2007), and Church, von Guerard, and Finger (2007). Huntley (1979) also provided a large database for regional hydro-geochemistry of the San Juan Mountains (SJM).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Eastern San Juan Mountains Their Ecology, Geology, and Human History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","isbn":"978-1-60732-084-5","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., and Wilson, A.B., 2011, The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5, chap. Chapter 5 <i>of</i> The Eastern San Juan Mountains Their Ecology, Geology, and Human History, p. 79-98.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-003416","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322070,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/1923-the-eastern-san-juan-mountains","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.91276550292969,\n              37.421980615353675\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.91276550292969,\n              37.496652341233364\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.75758361816406,\n              37.496652341233364\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.75758361816406,\n              37.421980615353675\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.91276550292969,\n              37.421980615353675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158bbe4b053f0edd03c93","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Blair, Robert","contributorId":70008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631559,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bracksieck, George","contributorId":169938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bracksieck","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631560,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006336,"text":"sir20115222 - 2011 - Assessing controls on perched saturated zones beneath the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115222","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5222","title":"Assessing controls on perched saturated zones beneath the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho","docAbstract":"Waste byproducts associated with operations at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) have the potential to contaminate the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. Recharge to the ESRP aquifer is controlled largely by the alternating stratigraphy of fractured volcanic rocks and sedimentary interbeds within the overlying vadose zone and by the availability of water at the surface. Beneath the INTEC facilities, localized zones of saturation perched on the sedimentary interbeds are of particular concern because they may facilitate accelerated transport of contaminants. The sources and timing of natural and anthropogenic recharge to the perched zones are poorly understood. Simple approaches for quantitative characterization of this complex, variably saturated flow system are needed to assess potential scenarios for contaminant transport under alternative remediation strategies. During 2009-2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, employed data analysis and numerical simulations with a recently developed model of preferential flow to evaluate the sources and quantity of recharge to the perched zones. Piezometer, tensiometer, temperature, precipitation, and stream-discharge data were analyzed, with particular focus on the possibility of contributions to the perched zones from snowmelt and flow in the neighboring Big Lost River (BLR). Analysis of the timing and magnitude of subsurface dynamics indicate that streamflow provides local recharge to the shallow, intermediate, and deep perched saturated zones within 150 m of the BLR; at greater distances from the BLR the influence of streamflow on recharge is unclear. Perched water-level dynamics in most wells analyzed are consistent with findings from previous geochemical analyses, which suggest that a combination of annual snowmelt and anthropogenic sources (for example, leaky pipes and drainage ditches) contribute to recharge of shallow and intermediate perched zones throughout much of INTEC. The source-responsive fluxes model was parameterized to simulate recharge via preferential flow associated with intermittent episodes of streamflow in the BLR. The simulations correspond reasonably well to the observed hydrologic response within the shallow perched zone. Good model performance indicates that source-responsive flow through a limited number of connected fractures contributes substantially to the perched-zone dynamics. The agreement between simulated and observed perched-zone dynamics suggest that the source-responsive fluxes model can provide a valuable tool for quantifying rapid preferential flow processes that may result from different land management scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Perkins, K.S., and Nimmo, J.R., 2011, Assessing controls on perched saturated zones beneath the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5222, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115222.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5222.gif"},{"id":112312,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd0e4b0c8380cd49a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, Kim S.","contributorId":106963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006339,"text":"sir20115225 - 2011 - Toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates-Spiking methodology, species sensitivity, and nickel bioavailability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T08:42:43","indexId":"sir20115225","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5225","title":"Toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates-Spiking methodology, species sensitivity, and nickel bioavailability","docAbstract":"This report summarizes data from studies of the toxicity and bioavailability of nickel in nickel-spiked freshwater sediments. The goal of these studies was to generate toxicity and chemistry data to support development of broadly applicable sediment quality guidelines for nickel. The studies were conducted as three tasks, which are presented here as three chapters: Task 1, Development of methods for preparation and toxicity testing of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments; Task 2, Sensitivity of benthic invertebrates to toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments; and Task 3, Effect of sediment characteristics on nickel bioavailability. Appendices with additional methodological details and raw chemistry and toxicity data for the three tasks are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/downloads/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kemble, N.E., Ivey, C.D., Kunz, J.L., Ingersoll, C.G., and Rudel, D., 2011, Toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates-Spiking methodology, species sensitivity, and nickel bioavailability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5225, Report: x, 51 p.; Appendixes: 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115225.","productDescription":"Report: x, 51 p.; Appendixes: 1-3","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332257,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/downloads/appendix-1.xls","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":332258,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/downloads/appendix-2.xls","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":332256,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/pdf/sir2011-5225.pdf"},{"id":332259,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/downloads/appendix-3.xls","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":112313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5225.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb608e4b08c986b326a0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivey, Chris D. 0000-0002-0485-7242 civey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7242","contributorId":3308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"Chris","email":"civey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudel, David","contributorId":12181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003938,"text":"70003938 - 2011 - The American crocodile in Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T16:02:41.052577","indexId":"70003938","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The American crocodile in Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Intensive crocodile monitoring programs conducted during the late 1970s and early 1980s in southern Florida resulted in an optimistic outlook for recovery of the protected species population. However, some areas with suitable crocodile habitat were not investigated, such as Biscayne Bay and the mainland shorelines of Barnes and Card Sounds. The objective of our study was to determine status and habitat use of crocodiles in the aforementioned areas. Spotlight and nesting surveys were conducted from September 1996 to December 2005. The results revealed annual increases in the number of crocodiles. Crocodiles preferred protected habitats such as canals and ponds. Fewer crocodiles were observed in higher salinity water. The distribution and abundance of crocodilians in estuaries is directly dependent on timing, amount, and location of freshwater delivery, providing an opportunity to integrate habitat enhancement with ongoing ecosystem restoration and management activities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9378-6","usgsCitation":"Cherkiss, M.S., Romañach, S., and Mazzotti, F., 2011, The American crocodile in Biscayne Bay, Florida: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 3, p. 529-535, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9378-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"535","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              25.078136134310142\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.06561279296875,\n              25.078136134310142\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.06561279296875,\n              25.77021384896025\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              25.77021384896025\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.584716796875,\n              25.078136134310142\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba67be4b08c986b321169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S.","contributorId":76064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003618,"text":"70003618 - 2011 - The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:12:04.563444","indexId":"70003618","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow‐source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near‐trench slip determined through finite‐fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy‐to‐moment and energy‐to‐duration‐cubed ratios, the latter in near‐real time. We detail the real‐time solutions that identified the slow‐nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 5–9 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010GL046498","usgsCitation":"Newman, A.V., Hayes, G.P., Wei, Y., and Convers, J., 2011, The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 5, L05302, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046498.","productDescription":"L05302, 7 p.","temporalStart":"2010-10-25","temporalEnd":"2010-10-25","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Mentawai Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              101.6070556640625,\n              -3.9409805788555237\n            ],\n            [\n              98.9044189453125,\n              -0.5987439850125229\n            ],\n            [\n              97.9925537109375,\n              -1.197422590365017\n            ],\n            [\n              100.04150390625,\n              -3.431174857220211\n            ],\n            [\n              101.1785888671875,\n              -4.253290341301223\n            ],\n            [\n              101.6070556640625,\n              -3.9409805788555237\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba650e4b08c986b321049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Andrew V.","contributorId":32664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Yong","contributorId":99691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Convers, Jaime","contributorId":77653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Convers","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003683,"text":"70003683 - 2011 - Testing founder effect speciation: Divergence population genetics of the Spoonbills <i>Platalea regia</i> and <i>Pl. minor</i> (Threskiornithidae, Aves)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003683","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2773,"text":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing founder effect speciation: Divergence population genetics of the Spoonbills <i>Platalea regia</i> and <i>Pl. minor</i> (Threskiornithidae, Aves)","docAbstract":"Although founder effect speciation has been a popular theoretical model for the speciation of geographically isolated taxa, its empirical importance has remained difficult to evaluate due to the intractability of past demography, which in a founder effect speciation scenario would involve a speciational bottleneck in the emergent species and the complete cessation of gene flow following divergence. Using regression-weighted approximate Bayesian computation, we tested the validity of these two fundamental conditions of founder effect speciation in a pair of sister species with disjunct distributions: the royal spoonbill <i>Platalea regia</i> in Australasia and the black-faced spoonbill <i>Pl. minor</i> in eastern Asia. When compared with genetic polymorphism observed at 20 nuclear loci in the two species, simulations showed that the founder effect speciation model had an extremely low posterior probability (1.55 &times; 10<sup>-8</sup>) of producing the extant genetic pattern. In contrast, speciation models that allowed for postdivergence gene flow were much more probable (posterior probabilities were 0.37 and 0.50 for the bottleneck with gene flow and the gene flow models, respectively) and postdivergence gene flow persisted for a considerable period of time (more than 80% of the divergence history in both models) following initial divergence (median = 197,000 generations, 95% credible interval [CI]: 50,000-478,000, for the bottleneck with gene flow model; and 186,000 generations, 95% CI: 45,000-477,000, for the gene flow model). Furthermore, the estimated population size reduction in <i>Pl. regia</i> to 7,000 individuals (median, 95% CI: 487-12,000, according to the bottleneck with gene flow model) was unlikely to have been severe enough to be considered a bottleneck. Therefore, these results do not support founder effect speciation in <i>Pl. regia</i> but indicate instead that the divergence between <i>Pl. regia</i> and <i>Pl. minor</i> was probably driven by selection despite continuous gene flow. In this light, we discuss the potential importance of evolutionarily labile traits with significant fitness consequences, such as migratory behavior and habitat preference, in facilitating divergence of the spoonbills.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msq210","usgsCitation":"Yeung, C.K., Tsai, P., Chesser, R., Lin, R., Yao, C., Tian, X., and Li, S., 2011, Testing founder effect speciation: Divergence population genetics of the Spoonbills <i>Platalea regia</i> and <i>Pl. minor</i> (Threskiornithidae, Aves): Molecular Biology and Evolution, v. 28, no. 1, p. 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq210.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474839,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq210","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c7e4b08c986b320c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeung, Carol K.L.","contributorId":72113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeung","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, Pi-Wen","contributorId":35447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Pi-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Rong-Chien","contributorId":21676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Rong-Chien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yao, Cheng-Te","contributorId":63147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Cheng-Te","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tian, Xiu-Hua","contributorId":25687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Xiu-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Shou-Hsien","contributorId":63148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Shou-Hsien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70006343,"text":"70006343 - 2011 - Spatial capture-recapture models for search-encounter data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:12:59.888696","indexId":"70006343","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial capture-recapture models for search-encounter data","docAbstract":"<p><b>1.</b> Spatial capture&ndash;recapture models make use of auxiliary data on capture location to provide density estimates for animal populations. Previously, models have been developed primarily for fixed trap arrays which define the observable locations of individuals by a set of discrete points.</p> <p><b>2.</b> Here, we develop a class of models for 'search-encounter' data, i.e. for detections of recognizable individuals in continuous space, not restricted to trap locations. In our hierarchical model, detection probability is related to the average distance between individual location and the survey path. The locations are allowed to change over time owing to movements of individuals, and individual locations are related formally by a model describing individual activity or home range centre which is itself regarded as a latent variable in the model. We provide a Bayesian analysis of the model in WinBUGS, and develop a custom MCMC algorithm in the R language.</p> <p><b>3.</b> The model is applied to simulated data and to territory mapping data for the Willow Tit from the Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MHB. While the observed density was 15 territories per nominal 1 km<sup>2</sup> plot of unknown effective sample area, the model produced a density estimate of 21&#8729;12 territories per square km (95% posterior interval: 17&ndash;26).</p> <p><b>4.</b> Spatial capture&ndash;recapture models are relevant to virtually all animal population studies that seek to estimate population size or density, yet existing models have been proposed mainly for conventional sampling using arrays of traps. Our model for search-encounter data, where the spatial pattern of searching can be arbitrary and may change over occasions, greatly expands the scope and utility of spatial capture&ndash;recapture models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00116.x","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Kery, M., and Guelat, J., 2011, Spatial capture-recapture models for search-encounter data: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 2, no. 6, p. 602-611, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00116.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"611","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00116.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b945de4b08c986b31aa2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":38680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guelat, Jerome","contributorId":27991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guelat","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006355,"text":"70006355 - 2011 - Resistance to invasion and resilience to fire in desert shrublands of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T22:13:15.389637","indexId":"70006355","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resistance to invasion and resilience to fire in desert shrublands of North America","docAbstract":"Settlement by Anglo-Americans in the desert shrublands of North America resulted in the introduction and subsequent invasion of multiple nonnative grass species. These invasions have altered presettlement fire regimes, resulted in conversion of native perennial shrublands to nonnative annual grasslands, and placed many native desert species at risk. Effective management of these ecosystems requires an understanding of their ecological resistance to invasion and resilience to fire. Resistance and resilience differ among the cold and hot desert shrublands of the Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts in North America. These differences are largely determined by spatial and temporal patterns of productivity but also are affected by ecological memory, severity and frequency of disturbance, and feedbacks among invasive species and disturbance regimes. Strategies for preventing or managing invasive plant/fire regimes cycles in desert shrublands include: 1) conducting periodic resource assessments to evaluate the probability of establishment of an altered fire regime; 2) developing an understanding of ecological thresholds associate within invasion resistance and fire resilience that characterize transitions from desirable to undesirable fire regimes; and 3) prioritizing management activities based on resistance of areas to invasion and resilience to fire.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-09-00165.1","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., and Chambers, J., 2011, Resistance to invasion and resilience to fire in desert shrublands of North America: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 64, no. 5, p. 431-438, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-09-00165.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642888","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9c9e4b0c8380cd85f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006344,"text":"70006344 - 2011 - Patterns of morphological variation amongst semifossorial shrews in the highlands of Guatemala, with the description of a new species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T20:05:25.541349","indexId":"70006344","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T11:17:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3810,"text":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of morphological variation amongst semifossorial shrews in the highlands of Guatemala, with the description of a new species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae)","docAbstract":"Members of the <i>Cryptotis goldmani</i> group of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) represent a clade within the genus that is characterized by modifications of the forelimb that include broadened forefeet, elongated and broadened foreclaws, and massive humeri with enlarged processes. These modifications are consistent with greater adaptation to their semifossorial habits than other members of the genus. The species in this group occur discontinuously in temperate highlands from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Honduras. In Guatemala, there are three species: the relatively widespread <i>Cryptotis goodwini</i> and two species (<i>Cryptotis lacertosus</i>, <i>Cryptotis mam</i>) endemic to highland forests in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of western Guatemala. Ongoing studies focusing on the relationships of variation in cranial and postcranial skeletal morphology have revealed a fourth species from remnant cloud forest in the Sierra de Yalijux, central Guatemala. In this paper, I describe this new species and characterize its morphology relative to other species in the <i>C. goldmani</i> group and to other species of <i>Cryptotis</i> in Guatemala. In addition, I summarize available details of its habitat and ecology.","language":"English","publisher":"The Linnean Society of London","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00754.x","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2011, Patterns of morphological variation amongst semifossorial shrews in the highlands of Guatemala, with the description of a new species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae): Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 163, no. 4, p. 1267-1288, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00754.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1288","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00754.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guatemala","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.09555,13.73534],[-90.60862,13.90977],[-91.23241,13.92783],[-91.68975,14.12622],[-92.22775,14.53883],[-92.20323,14.8301],[-92.08722,15.06458],[-92.22925,15.25145],[-91.74796,16.06656],[-90.46447,16.06956],[-90.43887,16.41011],[-90.60085,16.47078],[-90.71182,16.68748],[-91.08167,16.91848],[-91.45392,17.25218],[-91.00227,17.25466],[-91.00152,17.81759],[-90.06793,17.81933],[-89.14308,17.80832],[-89.15081,17.01558],[-89.22912,15.88694],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-88.60459,15.70638],[-88.51836,15.85539],[-88.22502,15.72772],[-88.68068,15.34625],[-89.15481,15.06642],[-89.22522,14.87429],[-89.14554,14.67802],[-89.35333,14.42413],[-89.58734,14.36259],[-89.53422,14.24482],[-89.72193,14.13423],[-90.06468,13.88197],[-90.09555,13.73534]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Guatemala\"}}]}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75e0e4b0c8380cd77dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006328,"text":"sir20115223 - 2011 - Collection, processing, and interpretation of ground-penetrating radar data to determine sediment thickness at selected locations in Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:20:25.971114","indexId":"sir20115223","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5223","title":"Collection, processing, and interpretation of ground-penetrating radar data to determine sediment thickness at selected locations in Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland, 2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected geophysical data in Deep Creek Lake in Garrett County, Maryland, between September 17 through October 4, 2007 to assist the Maryland Department of Natural Resources to better manage resources of the Lake. The objectives of the geophysical surveys were to provide estimates of sediment thickness in shallow areas around the Lake and to test the usefulness of three geophysical methods in this setting. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), continuous seismic-reflection profiling (CSP), and continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) were attempted. Nearly 90 miles of GPR radar data and over 70 miles of CSP data were collected throughout the study area. During field deployment and testing, CRP was determined not to be practical and was not used on a large scale. Sediment accumulation generally could be observed in the radar profiles in the shallow coves. In some seismic profiles, a thin layer of sediment could be observed at the water bottom. The radar profiles appeared to be better than the seismic profiles for the determination of sediment thickness. Although only selected data profiles were processed, all data were archived for future interpretation.\nThis investigation focused on selected regions of the study area, particularly in the coves where sediment accumulations were presumed to be thickest. GPR was the most useful tool for interpreting sediment thickness, especially in these shallow coves. The radar profiles were interpreted for two surfaces of interest-the water bottom, which was defined as the \"2007 horizon,\" and the interface between Lake sediments and the original Lake bottom, which was defined as the \"1925 horizon\"-corresponding to the year the Lake was impounded. The ground-penetrating radar data were interpreted on the basis of characteristics of the reflectors. The sediments that had accumulated in the impounded Lake were characterized by laminated, parallel reflections, whereas the subsurface below the original Lake bottom was characterized by more discontinuous and chaotic reflections, often with diffractions indicating cobbles or boulders. The reflectors were picked manually along the water bottom and along the interface between the Lake sediments and the pre-Lake sediments. A simple graphic approach was used to convert traveltimes to depth through water and depth through saturated sediments using velocities of the soundwaves through the water and the saturated sediments. Nineteen cross sections were processed and interpreted in 9 coves around Deep Creek Lake, and the difference between the 2007 horizon and the 1925 horizon was examined. In most areas, GPR data indicate a layer of sediment between 1 and 7 feet thick. When multiple cross sections from a single cove were compared, the cross sections indicated that sediment thickness decreased toward the center of the Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Banks, W.S., and Johnson, C.D., 2011, Collection, processing, and interpretation of ground-penetrating radar data to determine sediment thickness at selected locations in Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5223, v, 16 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115223.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.; Appendix A","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5223.gif"},{"id":112310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Garrett County","otherGeospatial":"Deep Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.43416666666667,39.43333333333333 ], [ -79.43416666666667,39.61666666666667 ], [ -79.18333333333334,39.61666666666667 ], [ -79.18333333333334,39.43333333333333 ], [ -79.43416666666667,39.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b3e4b0c8380cd4cc66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006323,"text":"ofr20111294 - 2011 - Assessment of potential effects of water produced from coalbed natural gas development on macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the Powder River and Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20111294","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-21T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1294","title":"Assessment of potential effects of water produced from coalbed natural gas development on macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the Powder River and Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>Ongoing development of coalbed natural gas in the Powder River structural basin in Wyoming and Montana led to formation of an interagency aquatic task group to address concerns about the effects of the resulting production water on biological communities in streams of the area. Ecological assessments, made from 2005&ndash;08 under the direction of the task group, indicated biological condition of the macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the middle reaches of the Powder was lower than in the upper or lower reaches. On the basis of the 2005&ndash;08 results, sampling of the macroinvertebrate and algae communities was conducted at 18 sites on the mainstem Powder River and 6 sites on the mainstem Tongue River in 2010. Sampling-site locations were selected on a paired approach, with sites located upstream and downstream of discharge points and tributaries associated with coalbed natural gas development. Differences in biological condition among site pairs were evaluated graphically and statistically using multiple lines of evidence that included macroinvertebrate and algal community metrics (such as taxa richness, relative abundance, functional feeding groups, and tolerance) and output from observed/expected (O/E) macroinvertebrate models from Wyoming and Montana.</p> <p>Multiple lines of evidence indicated a decline in biological condition in the middle reaches of the Powder River, potentially indicating cumulative effects from coalbed natural gas discharges within one or more reaches between Flying E Creek and Wild Horse Creek in Wyoming. The maximum concentrations of alkalinity in the Powder River also occurred in the middle reaches.</p> <p>Biological condition in the upper and lower reaches of the Powder River was variable, with declines between some site pairs, such as upstream and downstream of Dry Fork and Willow Creek, and increases at others, such as upstream and downstream of Beaver Creek. Biological condition at site pairs on the Tongue River showed an increase in one case, near the Wyoming-Montana border, and a decrease in another case, upstream of Tongue River Reservoir. Few significant differences were noted from upstream to downstream of Prairie Dog Creek, a major tributary to the Tongue River. Further study would be needed to confirm the observed patterns and choose areas to examine in greater detail.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111294","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management; Montana Department of Environmental Quality; Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality; and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., Hargett, E.G., and Feldman, D.L., 2011, Assessment of potential effects of water produced from coalbed natural gas development on macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the Powder River and Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1294, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111294.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1294.gif"},{"id":112270,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming;Montana","otherGeospatial":"Powder River;Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.25,43.5 ], [ -107.25,45.5 ], [ -105,45.5 ], [ -105,43.5 ], [ -107.25,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4ae4b0c8380cd49c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hargett, Eric G.","contributorId":89241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargett","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feldman, David L.","contributorId":25689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040342,"text":"70040342 - 2011 - Rare and endangered species of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park; endangered, threatened, and rare animal, plant, and community handbook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T16:33:55","indexId":"70040342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-21T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-025","title":"Rare and endangered species of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park; endangered, threatened, and rare animal, plant, and community handbook","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction</p>\n<p>Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) is the largest area in the State of Hawai`i protected for its geology and landscapes and its native flora and fauna. The park covers approximately 135,000 hectares or 333,000 acres in all. These lands stretch from the seacoast of Kīlauea Volcano to far above timberline on the summit of Mauna Loa (Figure 1). This vast area includes expanses of forests, woodlands, shrublands, and barren lava flows that represent an array of native ecosystems. Contained within these communities are a great many species of rare animals and plants, most of them unique to the island of Hawai`i, and some of them surviving only in the park. These are the biological treasures of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.</p>\n<p>Our book is a guide to all animal and plant species in HAVO that are specially recognized as endangered species in the general sense. (The official designations at four levels and the unofficial designation of species of concern are explained later.) There are 23 such animal species and 71 plant species covered in the handbook, including six species planted in HAVO but not naturally occurring. In addition, we describe seven rare communities.</p>\n<p>In some cases, HAVO offers the best opportunity to save these species and communities from extinction. Increasingly, the park has attempted to restore rare populations by conducting surveys to locate them, controlling threats such as feral livestock, and bolstering existing populations or creating new ones by planting nursery stock. To aid such efforts, our original intent was to publish an identification guide for researchers and field management personnel. Particularly, we wanted to familiarize the reader with the many rare plant species which otherwise are known mainly from the technical literature. Because we soon came to realize that this handbook would be useful to a much larger, general readership, our aim is to make this information available to anyone interested in endangered animals and plants at Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.</p>","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Pratt, L.W., Pratt, T.K., Foote, D., and Gorresen, P.M., 2011, Rare and endangered species of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park; endangered, threatened, and rare animal, plant, and community handbook: Technical Report HCSU-025, Report: iv, 265.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 265","startPage":"1","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024600","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8d3e4b0ebae89b789e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foote, David dfoote@usgs.gov","contributorId":375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"David","email":"dfoote@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70006291,"text":"ofr20101083I - 2011 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 eastern margin of the Australia plate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20101083I","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"I","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 eastern margin of the Australia plate","docAbstract":"The eastern margin of the Australia plate is one of the most seismically active areas of the world due to high rates of convergence between the Australia and Pacific plates. In the region of New Zealand, the 3,000 km long Australia-Pacific plate boundary extends from south of Macquarie Island to the southern Kermadec Island chain. It includes an oceanic transform (the Macquarie Ridge), two oppositely verging subduction zones (Puysegur and Hikurangi), and a transpressive continental transform, the Alpine Fault through South Island, New Zealand. Since 1900, there have been 15 M7.5+ earthquakes recorded near New Zealand. Nine of these, and the four largest, occurred along or near the Macquarie Ridge, including the 1989 M8.2 event on the ridge itself, and the 2004 M8.1 event 200 km to the west of the plate boundary, reflecting intraplate deformation. The largest recorded earthquake in New Zealand itself was the 1931 M7.8 Hawke's Bay earthquake, which killed 256 people. The last M7.5+ earthquake along the Alpine Fault was 170 years ago; studies of the faults' strain accumulation suggest that similar events are likely to occur again.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083I","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Herman, M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Villasenor, A.H., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2011, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 eastern margin of the Australia plate: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Plate: 24.01 x 35.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083I.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.01 x 35.70 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_I.png"},{"id":112226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/i/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"8000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"American Samoa;Fiji;New Caledonia;New Zealand;Samoa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 160,-57 ], [ 160,-10 ], [ -165,-10 ], [ -165,-57 ], [ 160,-57 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bbee4b08c986b317a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew","contributorId":68426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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