[1] Ecosystem models are important tools for diagnosing the carbon cycle and projecting its behavior across space and time. Despite the fact that ecosystems respond to drivers at multiple time scales, most assessments of model performance do not discriminate different time scales. Spectral methods, such as wavelet analyses, present an alternative approach that enables the identification of the dominant time scales contributing to model performance in the frequency domain. In this study we used wavelet analyses to synthesize the performance of 21 ecosystem models at 9 eddy covariance towers as part of the North American Carbon Program's site‐level intercomparison. This study expands upon previous single‐site and single‐model analyses to determine what patterns of model error are consistent across a diverse range of models and sites. To assess the significance of model error at different time scales, a novel Monte Carlo approach was developed to incorporate flux observation error. Failing to account for observation error leads to a misidentification of the time scales that dominate model error. These analyses show that model error (1) is largest at the annual and 20–120 day scales, (2) has a clear peak at the diurnal scale, and (3) shows large variability among models in the 2–20 day scales. Errors at the annual scale were consistent across time, diurnal errors were predominantly during the growing season, and intermediate‐scale errors were largely event driven. Breaking spectra into discrete temporal bands revealed a significant model‐by‐band effect but also a nonsignificant model‐by‐site effect, which together suggest that individual models show consistency in their error patterns. Differences among models were related to model time step, soil hydrology, and the representation of photosynthesis and phenology but not the soil carbon or nitrogen cycles. These factors had the greatest impact on diurnal errors, were less important at annual scales, and had the least impact at intermediate time scales.
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The dominant earthquake mechanisms are thrust and strike slip, associated with the arc-continent collision and the relative motions between numerous local microplates. The largest earthquake in the region was a M8.2 shallow thrust fault event in the northern Papua province of Indonesia that killed 166 people in 1996. The Australia-Pacific plate boundary is over 4,000 km long on the northern margin, from the Sunda (Java) trench in the west to the Solomon Islands in the east. The eastern section is over 2,300 km long, extending west from northeast of the Australian continent and the Coral Sea until it intersects the east coast of Papua New Guinea. The boundary is dominated by the general northward subduction of the Australia plate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083H","collaboration":"Pennsylvania State University, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas)","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Herman, M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Villasenor, A.H., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2011, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 New Guinea and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Map Sheet: 35.01 inches x 23.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083H.","productDescription":"1 Map Sheet: 35.01 inches x 23.01 inches","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_H.png"},{"id":112132,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"8000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"Indonesia;Papua New Guinea;Solomon Islands","otherGeospatial":"Sunda (java) Trench;Timor Trough;Seram Trench;New Guinia Trench;Manus Trough;New Britain Trench;South Solomon Trench;North New Herbrides Trench","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 115,-18 ], [ 115,5 ], [ 170,5 ], [ 170,-18 ], [ 115,-18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bbde4b08c986b317a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew","contributorId":68426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70006303,"text":"70006303 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T21:14:52.589233","indexId":"70006303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3111","title":"Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California","docAbstract":"More than 40 percent of California's drinking water is from groundwater. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province (hereinafter referred to as San Diego) is one of the study units being evaluated. The San Diego study unit is approximately 3,900 square miles and consists of the Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, and 12 other alluvial basins (California Department of Water Resources, 2003). The study unit also consists of all areas outside defined groundwater basins that are within 3 kilometers of a public-supply well. The study unit was separated, based primarily on hydrogeologic settings, into four study areas: Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, Alluvial Basins, and Hard Rock (Wright and others, 2005). 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The primary aquifers consist of Quaternary-age alluvium and weathered bedrock in the Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, and Alluvial Basins study areas, whereas in the Hard Rock study area the primary aquifers consist mainly of fractured and decomposed granite of Mesozoic age. The primary aquifers are defined as those parts of the aquifers corresponding to the perforated intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. Public-supply wells typically are drilled to depths between 200 and 700 feet, consist of solid casing from the land surface to a depth of about 60 to 170 feet, and are perforated, or consist of an open hole, below the solid casing. Water quality in the shallow and deep parts of the aquifer system may differ from water quality in the primary aquifers. Municipal water use accounts for approximately 70 percent of water used in the study unit; the majority of the remainder is used for agriculture, industry, and commerce. Groundwater accounts for approximately 8 percent of the municipal supply, and surface water, the majority of which is imported, accounts for the rest. Recharge to groundwater occurs through stream-channel infiltration from rivers and their tributaries, infiltration in engineered recharge basins, and infiltration of water from precipitation and irrigation. The primary source of discharge is water pumped from wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70006303","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2011, Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3111, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70006303.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3111.png"},{"id":112173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":399135,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96350.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County, Riverside County, San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8053,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -116.2964,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -116.2964,\n 33.7053\n ],\n [\n -117.8053,\n 33.7053\n ],\n [\n -117.8053,\n 32.5344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2db7e4b0c8380cd5bfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006295,"text":"sir20115154 - 2011 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, 2004: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115154","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5154","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, 2004: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 3,900-square-mile (mi2) San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province (hereinafter San Diego) study unit was investigated from May through July 2004 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in southwestern California in the counties of San Diego, Riverside, and Orange. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA San Diego study was designed to provide a statistically robust assessment of untreated-groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 58 wells in 2004 and water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as the primary aquifers) were defined by the depth interval of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the San Diego study unit. The San Diego study unit consisted of four study areas: Temecula Valley (140 mi2), Warner Valley (34 mi2), Alluvial Basins (166 mi2), and Hard Rock (850 mi2). The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifers. For example, shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination than groundwater in deep water-bearing zones. This study had two components: the status assessment and the understanding assessment. The first component of this study-the status assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource-was assessed by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. The status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources within the primary aquifers of the San Diego study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. The second component of this study-the understanding assessment-identified the natural and human factors that affect groundwater quality by evaluating land use, well construction, and geochemical conditions of the aquifer. Results from these evaluations were used to help explain the occurrence and distribution of selected constituents in the study unit. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used as the primary metric for relating concentrations of constituents in groundwater samples to water-quality benchmarks for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California benchmarks. For organic and special-interest constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (> 1.0), moderate (> 0.1 and ≤1.0), and low (≤0.1). For inorganic constituents, relative concentrations were classified as high (> 1.0), moderate (> 0.5 and ≤1.0), and low (≤0.5). Grid-based and spatially weighted approaches were then used to evaluate the proportion of the primary aquifers (aquifer-scale proportions) with high, moderate, and low relative-concentrations for individual compounds and classes of constituents. One or more of the inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high (relative to those benchmarks) in 17.6 percent of the primary aquifers in the Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, and Alluvial Basins study areas (hereinafter also collectively referred to as the Alluvial Fill study areas because they are composed of alluvial fill aquifers), and in 25.0 percent of the Hard Rock study area. Inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks that were frequently detected at high relative-concentrations included vanadium (V), arsenic (As), and boron (B). Vanadium and As concentrations were not significantly correlated to either urban or agricultural land use indicating natural sources as the primary contributors of these constituents to groundwater. The positive correlation of B concentration to urban land-use was significant which indicates that anthropogenic activities are a contributing source of B to groundwater. The correlation of V, As and B concentrations to pH was positive, indicating that in alkaline groundwater these constituents are being desorbed from, or being inhibited from adsorbing to, particle surfaces. Inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks that were detected at high relative-concentrations include manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and total dissolved solids (TDS). In the Alluvial Fill study areas, Mn and TDS were detected at high relative-concentrations in 13.7 percent of the primary aquifers, and Fe in 6.9 percent. In the Hard Rock study area, Mn was detected at high relative-concentrations in 33.3 percent of the primary aquifers, and TDS in 16.7 percent; Fe was not detected at high relative-concentrations. Total dissolved solids concentrations were significantly correlated to agricultural land use suggesting that agricultural practices are a contributing source of TDS to groundwater. Manganese and Fe concentrations were highest in groundwater with low dissolved oxygen and pH indicating that the reductive dissolution of oxyhydroxides may be an important mechanism for the mobilization of Mn and Fe in groundwater. TDS concentrations were highest in shallow wells and in modern (< 50 yrs) groundwater which indicates anthropogenic activities as a source of TDS concentrations in groundwater. The relative-concentrations of organic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high in 3.0 percent of the primary aquifers in the Alluvial Fill study areas. A single detection in the Alluvial Basins study area of the discontinued gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was the only organic constituent detected at a high relative-concentration; high relative-concentrations of these constituents were not detected in the Hard Rock study area. Twelve of 88 VOCs and 14 of 123 pesticides and pesticide degradates analyzed in grid wells were detected. Chloroform was the only VOC detected in more than 10 percent of the grid wells. The herbicides simazine, atrazine, and prometon were each detected in greater than 10 percent of the grid wells. Perchlorate was detected in 22 percent of the grid wells sampled. The understanding assessment showed a significant correlation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and solvents to urban land-use, indicating that detections of these constituents are more likely to occur in groundwater underlying urbanized areas of the study unit. MTBE concentrations were negatively correlated to the distance from the nearest leaking underground fuel tank, indicating that point sources are the most significant contributing factor for MTBE concentrations to groundwater in the study unit. The positive correlation of THM and herbicide concentrations to modern groundwater was significant, as was the negative correlation of herbicide concentrations to pH and anoxic groundwater. The negative correlation of herbicides to pH and anoxic groundwater was likely due to the fact that these constituents were detected more frequently in shallow wells where groundwater conditions tend to be oxic with relatively low pH.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115154","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program, prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2011, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, 2004: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5154, x, 71 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115154.","productDescription":"x, 71 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2004-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5154.jpg"},{"id":112133,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange;Riverside;And San Diego","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b979be4b08c986b31bb70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006284,"text":"ofr20101083G - 2011 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T16:34:21.047909","indexId":"ofr20101083G","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 Australia plate and vicinity","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity","docAbstract":"This map shows details of the Australia plate and vicinity not presented in Tarr and others (2010). The boundary of the Australia plate includes all fundamental plate boundary components: mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, arc-continent collisions, and large-offset transform faults. Along the southern edge of the plate the mid-ocean ridge separates the Australia and Antarctica plates and its behavior is straightforward. In contrast, the other boundary segments that ring the Australia plate represent some of the most seismically active elements of the global plate boundary system, and some of the most rapidly evolving plate interactions. As a result, there are some very complex structures which host many large and great earthquakes","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083G","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Herman, M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Villasenor, A.H., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2011, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Australia plate and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Plate: 36.03 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.03 x 24.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_G.png"},{"id":112095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"15000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area","country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 65,-55 ], [ 65,15 ], [ -150,15 ], [ -150,-55 ], [ 65,-55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bb9e4b08c986b317a34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew","contributorId":68426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70006279,"text":"ofr20111295 - 2011 - Percent recoveries of anthropogenic organic compounds with and without the addition of ascorbic acid to preserve finished-water samples containing free chlorine, 2004-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:36:53","indexId":"ofr20111295","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1295","title":"Percent recoveries of anthropogenic organic compounds with and without the addition of ascorbic acid to preserve finished-water samples containing free chlorine, 2004-10","docAbstract":"This report presents finished-water matrix-spike recoveries of 270 anthropogenic organic compounds with and without the addition of ascorbic acid to preserve water samples containing free chlorine. Percent recoveries were calculated using analytical results from a study conducted during 2004-10 for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The study was intended to characterize the effect of quenching on finished-water matrix-spike recoveries and to better understand the potential oxidation and transformation of 270 anthropogenic organic compounds. The anthropogenic organic compounds studied include those on analytical schedules 1433, 2003, 2033, 2060, 2020, and 4024 of the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory. Three types of samples were collected from 34 NAWQA locations across the Nation: (1) quenched finished-water samples (not spiked), (2) quenched finished-water matrix-spike samples, and (3) nonquenched finished-water matrix-spike samples. Percent recoveries of anthropogenic organic compounds in quenched and nonquenched finished-water matrix-spike samples are presented. Comparisons of percent recoveries between quenched and nonquenched spiked samples can be used to show how quenching affects finished-water samples. A maximum of 18 surface-water and 34 groundwater quenched finished-water matrix-spike samples paired with nonquenched finished-water matrix-spike samples were analyzed. Percent recoveries for the study are presented in two ways: (1) finished-water matrix-spike samples supplied by surface-water or groundwater, and (2) by use (or source) group category for surface-water and groundwater supplies. Graphical representations of percent recoveries for the quenched and nonquenched finished-water matrix-spike samples also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111295","usgsCitation":"Valder, J., Delzer, G.C., Bender, D.A., and Price, C.V., 2011, Percent recoveries of anthropogenic organic compounds with and without the addition of ascorbic acid to preserve finished-water samples containing free chlorine, 2004-10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1295, viii, 10 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2; Appendix 2 Read Me; Appendix 2 Text Data; Appendix 3; Appendix 3 Read Me; Appendix 3 Text Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111295.","productDescription":"viii, 10 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2; Appendix 2 Read Me; Appendix 2 Text Data; Appendix 3; Appendix 3 Read Me; Appendix 3 Text Data","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1295.jpg"},{"id":112058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7663e4b0c8380cd780ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004611,"text":"70004611 - 2011 - Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:28:19","indexId":"70004611","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos","docAbstract":"Controlled laboratory studies with game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and chickens (Gallus gallus) have demonstrated that methylmercury can cause teratogenic effects in birds, but studies with wild species of birds are lacking. To address this need, doses of methylmercury chloride were injected into the eggs of 25 species of birds, and the dead embryos and hatched chicks were examined for external deformities. When data for controls were summed across all 25 species tested and across all types of deformities, 24 individuals out of a total of 1,533 (a rate of 1.57%) exhibited at least one deformity. In contrast, when data for all of the mercury treatments and all 25 species were summed, 188 deformed individuals out of a total of 2,292 (8.20%) were found. Some deformities, such as lordosis and scoliosis (twisting of the spine), misshapen heads, shortening or twisting of the neck, and deformities of the wings, were seldom observed in controls but occurred in much greater frequency in Hg-treated individuals. Only 0.59% of individual control dead embryos and hatchlings exhibited multiple deformities versus 3.18% for Hg-dosed dead embryos and hatchlings. Methylmercury seems to have a widespread teratogenic potential across many species of birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.530","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., Hoffman, D.J., Klimstra, J.D., Stebbins, K.R., Kondrad, S.L., and Erwin, C.A., 2011, Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 7, p. 1593-1598, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.530.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1598","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba546e4b08c986b320930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stebbins, Katherine R.","contributorId":94012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kondrad, Shannon L.","contributorId":34646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondrad","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, Carol A.","contributorId":27182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006216,"text":"70006216 - 2011 - Temporal variation in bird and resource abundance across an elevational gradient in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:55:10","indexId":"70006216","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T15:56:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in bird and resource abundance across an elevational gradient in Hawaii","docAbstract":"We documented patterns of nectar availability and nectarivorous bird abundance over ~3 years at nine study sites across an 1,800-m elevational gradient on Hawaii Island to investigate the relationship between resource variation and bird abundance. Flower density (flowers ha-1) and nectar energy content were measured across the gradient for the monodominant 'Ōhi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha). Four nectarivorous bird species were captured monthly in mist nets and surveyed quarterly with point-transect distance sampling at each site to examine patterns of density and relative abundance. Flowering peaks were associated with season but not rainfall or elevation. Bird densities peaked in the winter and spring of each year at high elevations, but patterns were less clear at middle and low elevations. Variability in bird abundance was generally best modeled as a function of elevation, season, and flower density, but the strength of the latter effect varied with species. The low elevations had the greatest density of flowers but contained far fewer individuals of the two most strongly nectarivorous species. There is little evidence of large-scale altitudinal movement of birds in response to 'Ōhi'a flowering peaks. The loose relationship between nectar and bird abundance may be explained by a number of potential mechanisms, including (1) demographic constraints to movement; (2) nonlimiting nectar resources; and (3) the presence of an \"ecological trap,\" whereby birds are attracted by the high resource abundance of, but suffer increased mortality at, middle and low elevations as a result of disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2011.10031","usgsCitation":"Hart, P., Woodworth, B., Camp, R., Turner, K., McClure, K., Goodall, K., Henneman, C., Spiegel, C., Lebrun, J., Tweed, E., and Samuel, M., 2011, Temporal variation in bird and resource abundance across an elevational gradient in Hawaii: The Auk, v. 128, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10031.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017757","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 19.766703551716976\n ],\n [\n -156.29150390625,\n 21.53484700204879\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 22.248428704383624\n ],\n [\n -159.45556640625,\n 22.451648819126216\n ],\n [\n -160.51025390625,\n 22.126354759919685\n ],\n [\n -160.33447265625,\n 20.715015145512098\n ],\n [\n -158.203125,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n -156.59912109375,\n 17.99963161491188\n ],\n [\n -155.65429687499997,\n 17.95783210227242\n ],\n [\n -154.62158203125,\n 18.562947442888312\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 19.766703551716976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba526e4b08c986b320846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":79750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodworth, Bethany L.","contributorId":66797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"Bethany L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Kathryn G.","contributorId":77426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kathryn","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McClure, Katherine","contributorId":76602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClure","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodall, Katherine","contributorId":85465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodall","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henneman, Carlene","contributorId":63688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneman","given":"Carlene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spiegel, Caleb","contributorId":32044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Caleb","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lebrun, Jaymi","contributorId":17489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebrun","given":"Jaymi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tweed, Erik","contributorId":33181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Samuel, Michael","contributorId":24238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70004703,"text":"70004703 - 2011 - Temporal changes in spatial patterns of submersed macrophytes in two impounded reaches of the Upper Mississippi River, USA, 1998-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:07:58.53601","indexId":"70004703","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3302,"text":"River Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in spatial patterns of submersed macrophytes in two impounded reaches of the Upper Mississippi River, USA, 1998-2009","docAbstract":"We examined temporal changes in spatial patterns of submersed aquatic macrophytes during a recent three-fold increase in macrophyte abundance and in response to the cumulative effects of management actions (island construction and water level management) and changes in regional environmental conditions (turbidity) in two navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, Pool 8 (managed) and Pool 13 (unmanaged). We used cross-correlograms to quantify changes in the degree and range of spatial correlation between submersed macrophytes and depth across the impounded portions of the two pools from 1998-2009. Along with increases in abundance, we observed gradual expansion of submersed macrophytes into deeper water in both pools. However, we detected no temporal change in spatial patterns in Pool 13, where the range of spatial correlation was ∼ 1500-2500 m in length in the downriver direction and ∼ 500-1000 m in length in the crossriver direction. We initially detected similar ranges of spatial correlation in Pool 8, but over time the range of correlation in the cross river direction increased from ∼ 500 m in 1998 to ∼ 2000 m by 2009. Thus, the expansion of submersed macrophytes into deeper water areas in Pool 8 appears to have occurred in the cross-river direction and led to increases in patch size and a more symmetrical patch configuration. Hence, very similar temporal changes in submersed macrophyte abundance corresponded with different diffusion dynamics and spatial patterns in the two pools. We hypothesize that management actions altered spatial patterns of depth, water flow and/or wind fetch and led to the differences in spatial patterns reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","doi":"10.1127/1868-5749/2011/019-0015","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., and Yin, Y., 2011, Temporal changes in spatial patterns of submersed macrophytes in two impounded reaches of the Upper Mississippi River, USA, 1998-2009: River Systems, v. 19, no. 2, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1127/1868-5749/2011/019-0015.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Pool 8, Pool 13, Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.21835327148438,\n 41.83068856472101\n ],\n [\n -90.14144897460938,\n 41.829665291469354\n ],\n [\n -90.06454467773438,\n 41.95949009892467\n ],\n [\n -90.11947631835938,\n 42.099241380322944\n ],\n [\n -90.21148681640625,\n 42.178670521216\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 42.2152965185502\n ],\n [\n -90.39413452148436,\n 42.26613074143641\n ],\n [\n -90.44906616210936,\n 42.25393426299183\n ],\n [\n -90.32135009765625,\n 42.14202329789122\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 42.12572883050418\n ],\n [\n -90.19638061523438,\n 42.04011410708205\n ],\n [\n -90.18402099609374,\n 42.011550195928585\n ],\n [\n -90.21560668945311,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -90.21835327148438,\n 41.83068856472101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.25381469726562,\n 43.58088826494042\n ],\n [\n -91.22154235839844,\n 43.57591398669178\n ],\n [\n -91.19682312011719,\n 43.72545977417781\n ],\n [\n -91.24969482421875,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -91.2469482421875,\n 43.84096542501515\n ],\n [\n -91.31355285644531,\n 43.85879188670806\n ],\n [\n -91.29913330078124,\n 43.82263823180498\n ],\n [\n -91.28814697265625,\n 43.78497553389676\n ],\n [\n -91.26686096191406,\n 43.77059798257491\n ],\n [\n -91.27647399902344,\n 43.72893315253811\n ],\n [\n -91.28814697265625,\n 43.630111446719226\n ],\n [\n -91.25381469726562,\n 43.58088826494042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba501e4b08c986b320732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":104616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yin, Yao yyin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Yao","email":"yyin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004574,"text":"70004574 - 2011 - Temporal observations of bright soil exposures at Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T16:51:35","indexId":"70004574","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T14:56:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal observations of bright soil exposures at Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has discovered bright soil deposits in its wheel tracks that previously have been confirmed to contain ferric sulfates and/or opaline silica. Repeated Pancam multispectral observations have been acquired at four of these deposits to monitor spectral and textural changes over time during exposure to Martian surface conditions. Previous studies suggested that temporal spectral changes occur because of mineralogic changes (e.g., phase transitions accompanying dehydration). In this study, we present a multispectral and temporal analysis of eight Pancam image sequences at the Tyrone exposure, three at the Gertrude Weise exposure, two at the Kit Carson exposure, and ten at the Ulysses exposure that have been acquired as of sol 2132 (1 January 2010). We compare observed variations in Pancam data to spectral changes predicted by laboratory experiments for the dehydration of ferric sulfates. We also present a spectral analysis of repeated Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE observations spanning 32 sols and a textural analysis of Spirit Microscopic Imager observations of Ulysses spanning 102 sols. At all bright soil exposures, we observe no statistically significant spectral changes with time that are uniquely diagnostic of dehydration and/or mineralogic phase changes. However, at Kit Carson and Ulysses, we observe significant textural changes, including slumping within the wheel trench, movement of individual grains, disappearance of fines, and dispersal of soil clods. All observed textural changes are consistent with aeolian sorting and/or minor amounts of air fall dust deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003683","usgsCitation":"Rice, M., Bell, J., Cloutis, E., Wray, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Sullivan, R., Johnson, J.R., and Anderson, R., 2011, Temporal observations of bright soil exposures at Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, no. E7, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003683.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"116","issue":"E7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba511e4b08c986b3207ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, M.S.","contributorId":105027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.F. 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R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, R.B.","contributorId":48693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70004815,"text":"70004815 - 2011 - Tamarisk biocontrol using tamarisk beetles: Potential consequences for riparian birds in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:28:26.440416","indexId":"70004815","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tamarisk biocontrol using tamarisk beetles: Potential consequences for riparian birds in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda spp.), a non-native biocontrol agent, has been introduced to eradicate tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), a genus of non-native tree that has become a dominant component of riparian woodlands in the southwestern United States. Tamarisk beetles have the potential to spread widely and defoliate large expanses of tamarisk habitat, but the effects of such a widespread loss of riparian vegetation on birds remains unknown. We reviewed literature on the effects of other defoliating insects on birds to investigate the potential for tamarisk beetles to affect birds positively or negatively by changing food abundance and vegetation structure. We then combined data on the temporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation by beetles with nest productivity of a well-studied riparian obligate, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), to simulate the potential demographic consequences of beetle defoliation on breeding riparian birds in both the short and long term. Our results highlight that the effects of tamarisk biocontrol on birds will likely vary by species and population, depending upon its sensitivity to seasonal defoliation by beetles and net loss of riparian habitat due to tamarisk mortality. Species with restricted distributions that include areas dominated by tamarisk may be negatively affected both in the short and long term. The rate of regeneration and/or restoration of native cottonwoods (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) relative to the rate of tamarisk loss will be critical in determining the long-term effect of this large-scale ecological experiment.
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The stability of U(IV) phases under oxidizing conditions is key to the performance of this procedure. An in situ method was developed to study oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite (UO2), a desirable U(VI) bioreduction product, in the Old Rifle, CO, aquifer under different variable oxygen conditions. Overall uranium loss rates were 50–100 times slower than laboratory rates. After accounting for molecular diffusion through the sample holders, a reactive transport model using laboratory dissolution rates was able to predict overall uranium loss. The presence of biomass further retarded diffusion and oxidation rates. These results confirm the importance of diffusion in controlling in-aquifer U(IV) oxidation rates. Upon retrieval, uraninite was found to be free of U(VI), indicating dissolution occurred via oxidation and removal of surface atoms. Interaction of groundwater solutes such as Ca2+ or silicate with uraninite surfaces also may retard in-aquifer U loss rates. These results indicate that the prolonged stability of U(IV) species in aquifers is strongly influenced by permeability, the presence of bacterial cells and cell exudates, and groundwater geochemistry.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es200482f","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., Veeramani, H., Ulrich, K., Blue, L.Y., Giammar, D.E., Bernier-Latmani, R., Stubbs, J.E., Suvorova, E., Yabusaki, S., Lezama-Pacheco, J.S., Mehta, A., Long, P.E., and Bargar, J.R., 2011, Oxidative dissolution of biogenic uraninite in groundwater at Old Rifle, CO: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8748-8754, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200482f.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8748","endPage":"8754","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/169683","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Old Rifle Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.05259704589842,\n 39.36137794996196\n ],\n [\n -107.49229431152342,\n 39.36137794996196\n ],\n [\n -107.49229431152342,\n 39.68076911511416\n ],\n [\n -108.05259704589842,\n 39.68076911511416\n ],\n [\n -108.05259704589842,\n 39.36137794996196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a726ce4b0c8380cd76abc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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2011 - Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980 to 2008: Are we making progress?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T15:49:19.198162","indexId":"70006337","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980 to 2008: Are we making progress?","docAbstract":"Changes in nitrate concentration and flux between 1980 and 2008 at eight sites in the Mississippi River basin were determined using a new statistical method that accommodates evolving nitrate behavior over time and produces flow-normalized estimates of nitrate concentration and flux that are independent of random variations in streamflow. The results show that little consistent progress has been made in reducing riverine nitrate since 1980, and that flow-normalized concentration and flux are increasing in some areas. Flow-normalized nitrate concentration and flux increased between 9 and 76% at four sites on the Mississippi River and a tributary site on the Missouri River, but changed very little at tributary sites on the Ohio, Iowa, and Illinois Rivers. Increases in flow-normalized concentration and flux at the Mississippi River at Clinton and Missouri River at Hermann were more than three times larger than at any other site. The increases at these two sites contributed much of the 9% increase in flow-normalized nitrate flux leaving the Mississippi River basin. At most sites, concentrations increased more at low and moderate streamflows than at high streamflows, suggesting that increasing groundwater concentrations are having an effect on river concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es201221s","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., Hirsch, R.M., and Aulenbach, B.T., 2011, Nitrate in the Mississippi River and its tributaries, 1980 to 2008: Are we making progress?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 17, p. 7209-7216, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201221s.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7209","endPage":"7216","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es201221s","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.702880859375,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -91.702880859375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -91.702880859375,\n 38.16911413556086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.703125,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 37.19533058280065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.8072509765625,\n 30.56462594065098\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 30.56462594065098\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 30.96936682219671\n ],\n [\n -91.8072509765625,\n 30.96936682219671\n ],\n [\n -91.8072509765625,\n 30.56462594065098\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66ace4b0c8380cd72ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Tropical cyclones produce large amounts of precipitation with significantly lower δ18O values than normal precipitation, and hence may be geochemically identifiable as negative δ18O anomalies in marine carbonate δ18O records. This study investigates the usefulness of coral skeletal δ18O as a means of reconstructing past tropical cyclone events. Isotopic modeling of rainfall mixing with seawater shows that detecting an isotopic signal from a tropical cyclone in a coral requires a salinity of ~ 33 psu at the time of coral growth, but this threshold is dependent on the isotopic composition of both fresh and saline end-members. A comparison between coral δ18O and historical records of tropical cyclone activity, river discharge, and precipitation from multiple sites in Puerto Rico shows that tropical cyclones are not distinguishable in the coral record from normal rainfall using this approach at these sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.027","usgsCitation":"Kilbourne, K.H., Moyer, R.P., Quinn, T.M., and Grottoli, A.G., 2011, Testing coral-based tropical cyclone reconstructions: An example from Puerto Rico: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 307, no. 1-4, p. 90-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.027"},{"id":204289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","volume":"307","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c1e4b08c986b320c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilbourne, K. Halimeda","contributorId":100696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilbourne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Halimeda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Ryan P.","contributorId":94551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Terrence M.","contributorId":82949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6732,"text":"Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grottoli, Andrea G.","contributorId":31632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grottoli","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192531,"text":"70192531 - 2011 - Historical catch, age structure, sizes, and relative growth for an introduced population of blue catfish in Lake Oconee, GA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T09:59:39","indexId":"70192531","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical catch, age structure, sizes, and relative growth for an introduced population of blue catfish in Lake Oconee, GA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation, ecololgy, and management of catfish: The second international symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium 77","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Conservation, ecololgy, and management of catfish: the second international symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium 77","conferenceDate":"June 19-22, 2010","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, Missouri, USA,","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1-934874-25-7","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C.A., and Homer, M.D., 2011, Historical catch, age structure, sizes, and relative growth for an introduced population of blue catfish in Lake Oconee, GA, in Conservation, ecololgy, and management of catfish: The second international symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium 77, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,, June 19-22, 2010, p. 383-394.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-027478","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/54077c/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Oconee","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107a3e4b06e28e9c255e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Michaletz, Paul H.","contributorId":111870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaletz","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Travnichek, Vincent H.","contributorId":111523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travnichek","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Michael D. Jr.","contributorId":176188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homer","given":"Michael","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006285,"text":"sir20115031 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Fayetteville, Arkansas, April 26-29, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"sir20115031","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T09:27:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5031","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Fayetteville, Arkansas, April 26-29, 2011","docAbstract":"Karst aquifer systems are present throughout parts of the United States and some of its territories and are developed in carbonate rocks (primarily limestone and dolomite) that span the entire geologic time frame. The depositional environments, diagenetic processes, and post-depositional tectonic events that form carbonate rock aquifers are varied and complex, involving both biological and physical processes that can influence the development of permeability. These factors, combined with the diverse climatic regimes under which karst development in these rocks has taken place result in the unique dual or triple porosity nature of karst aquifers. These complex hydrologic systems often present challenges to scientists attempting to study groundwater flow and contaminant transport.
\nThe concept for developing a Karst Interest Group evolved from the November 1999 National Groundwater Meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water Resources Division. As a result, the Karst Interest Group was formed in 2000. The Karst Interest Group is a loose-knit grass-roots organization of USGS employees devoted to fostering better communication among scientists working on, or interested in, karst hydrology studies.
\nThe mission of the Karst Interest Group is to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaboration and technology transfer among USGS scientists working in karst areas. Additionally, the Karst Interest Group encourages cooperative studies between the different disciplines of the USGS and other Federal agencies, and university researchers or research institutes.
\nThis fifth workshop is a joint workshop of the USGS Karst Interest Group and University of Arkansas HydroDays workshop, sponsored by the USGS, the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. Additional sponsors are: the National Cave and Karst Research Institute, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas, and Beaver Water District, northwest Arkansas. The majority of funding for the proceedings preparation and workshop was provided by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program, National Cooperative Mapping Program, and the Regional Executives of the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, South Central and Rocky Mountain Areas. The University of Arkansas provided the rooms and facilities for the technical and poster presentations of the workshop, vans for the field trips, and sponsored the HydroDays banquet at the Savoy Experimental Watershed on Wednesday after the technical sessions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arkansas","usgsCitation":"2011, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Fayetteville, Arkansas, April 26-29, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5031, vi, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115031.","productDescription":"vi, 212 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"218","costCenters":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5031.jpg"},{"id":112225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba70e4b08c986b32818f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006270,"text":"ofr20111043 - 2011 - Assessment of soil-gas, seep, and soil contamination at the North Range Road Landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr20111043","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1043","title":"Assessment of soil-gas, seep, and soil contamination at the North Range Road Landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"Soil gas, seeps, and soil were assessed for contaminants at the North Range Road Landfill at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from October 2008 to September 2009. The assessment included delineating organic contaminants present in soil-gas samples beneath the area estimated to be the landfill and in water samples collected from three seeps at the base of the landfill. Inorganic contaminants were determined in three seep samples and in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon pursuant to requirements for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process.\nAll soil-gas samples collected contained total petroleum hydrocarbons above the method detection level. The highest total petroleum hydrocarbon mass detected was nearly 50 micrograms (μg) in a soil-gas sample from one of the three seeps. The highest BTEX mass detected was 0.83 μg in a soil-gas sample collected near the same seep. Some soil-gas samples had perchloroethylene (known as PCE) mass greater than the method detection level of 0.01 microgram. The highest PCE mass detected was 0.73 μg, and PCE mass was detected in soil gas in areas upgradient of the seeps and indicates that the seep contamination may be related to previous waste-disposal activities upgradient of the seeps\nNo organic or semivolatile compounds in the seep samples were detected above their respective maximum contaminant levels established in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standards. PCE was detected in water from all three seeps at concentrations between 0.85 and 0.95 microgram per liter. Trimethylsilanol was detected in water collected from all three seeps and may be related to the degradation of silicone-based materials commonly disposed of in landfills.\nInorganic concentrations in water samples from one seep did not exceed any maximum contaminant levels in the National Secondary Drinking Water Standards. In water from one seep, however, iron was detected at 865 micrograms per liter, which exceeds the maximum contaminant level for iron in the Secondary Drinking Water Standard, and in water from the other seep, iron and manganese were detected at 492,000 and 10,700 micrograms per liter, repectively, both of which exceed the respective maximum contaminant levels for the Secondary Drinking Water Standard. Water from one of the seeps had concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc that exceed Georgia standards for in-stream water quality, and concentrations of arsenic and lead that exceed their respective maximum contaminant levels for the Primary Drinking Water Standards.\nInorganic concentrations in all four soil samples did not exceed regional screening levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Barium concentrations, however, were two to three times higher than the background concentrations reported in similar Coastal Plain sediments of South Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Falls, W.F., Ratliff, W.H., and Wellborn, J.B., 2011, Assessment of soil-gas, seep, and soil contamination at the North Range Road Landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1043, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111043.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112049,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1043.jpg"}],"state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.36666666666666,32.233333333333334 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.06666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.06666666666666,32.233333333333334 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.233333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee59e4b0c8380cd49cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":2562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006272,"text":"ofr20111169 - 2011 - Trends and causes of historical wetland loss, Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, southwest Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1169","title":"Trends and causes of historical wetland loss, Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, southwest Louisiana","docAbstract":"Prior U.S. Geological Survey studies (Open-File Reports 2005-1216 and 2009-1158) examined historical land- and water-area changes and estimated magnitudes of land subsidence and erosion at 10 wetland sites in the Mississippi River delta plain. The present study extends that work by analyzing interior wetland loss and relative magnitudes of subsidence and erosion at five additional wetland sites in Sabine National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in the western chenier plain. The study sites were selected because their geologic setting differed from that of the delta plain; also, although the refuge marshes had been managed partly to minimize wetland loss, interior wetland losses there were extensive. Historical aerial photography, datum-corrected marsh elevations and water depths, and sediment cores were integrated to evaluate historical land- and water-area changes at SNWR.\nThe thickness of the uppermost Holocene sediments (peat and organic-rich mud) and the elevation of stratigraphic contacts were compared at marsh and open-water sites across areas of formerly continuous marsh to estimate magnitudes of recent elevation loss caused by vertical erosion and subsidence. Results of these analyses indicate that erosion greatly exceeded subsidence at most of the core sites, although both processes have contributed to historical wetland loss. Comparison of these results with results of our prior studies indicates that magnitudes of subsidence and total accommodation space that formed in the western chenier plain were less than those in the delta plain. Compared with the delta plain, where subsidence generally exceeded erosion and peat thicknesses were so great that peat was preserved even where erosion was greater than subsidence, the SNWR peats are thin and were absent (eroded) at most open-water sites. Although historical subsidence rates in the chenier plain are substantially lower than most of the same rates in the delta plain, the temporal and spatial trends of rapid wetland loss, highest rates of land-surface subsidence, and high rates of oil-and-gas production are similar, indicating that historical wetland loss was likely initiated by similar processes (deep-subsurface subsidence) in both regions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111169","usgsCitation":"Bernier, J., Morton, R., and Kelso, K.W., 2011, Trends and causes of historical wetland loss, Sabine National Wildlife Refuge, southwest Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1169, x, 36 p.; Appendix A; Appendix B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111169.","productDescription":"x, 36 p.; Appendix A; Appendix B","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1169.jpg"},{"id":112051,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,29.666666666666668 ], [ -94,30 ], [ -93.16666666666667,30 ], [ -93.16666666666667,29.666666666666668 ], [ -94,29.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7cfe4b08c986b3274c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006274,"text":"ofr20111216 - 2011 - Soils Data Related to the 1999 FROSTFIRE Burn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20111216","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1216","title":"Soils Data Related to the 1999 FROSTFIRE Burn","docAbstract":"This report describes the sample collection and processing for U.S. Geological Survey efforts at FROSTFIRE, an experimental burn that occurred in Alaska in 1999. Data regarding carbon, water, and energy dynamics pre-fire, during, and post-fire were obtained in this landscape-scale prescribed burn. U.S. Geological Survey investigators measured changes in the stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), mercury (Hg), and other components in pre- and post-burn soils of this watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111216","usgsCitation":"Manies, K., Harden, J., and Ottmar, R., 2011, Soils Data Related to the 1999 FROSTFIRE Burn: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1216, iii, 8 p.; Data table folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111216.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.; Data table folder","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":557,"text":"Soil Carbon Research at Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1216.gif"},{"id":112053,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b922ce4b08c986b319d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottmar, R.","contributorId":58767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottmar","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006277,"text":"ofr20111287 - 2011 - Gravity data from the San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111287","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1287","title":"Gravity data from the San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geodetic Survey has collected relative and absolute gravity data at 321 stations in the San Pedro River Basin of southeastern Arizona since 2000. Data are of three types: observed gravity values and associated free-air, simple Bouguer, and complete Bouguer anomaly values, useful for subsurface-density modeling; high-precision relative-gravity surveys repeated over time, useful for aquifer-storage-change monitoring; and absolute-gravity values, useful as base stations for relative-gravity surveys and for monitoring gravity change over time. The data are compiled, without interpretation, in three spreadsheet files. Gravity values, GPS locations, and driving directions for absolute-gravity base stations are presented as National Geodetic Survey site descriptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111287","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., and Winester, D., 2011, Gravity data from the San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1287, iv, 11 p.; Appendixes folder download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111287.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; Appendixes folder download","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1287.gif"},{"id":112056,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.75,31.25 ], [ -110.75,32.25 ], [ -109.75,32.25 ], [ -109.75,31.25 ], [ -110.75,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a18e4b0c8380cd5aea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winester, Daniel","contributorId":37469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winester","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006275,"text":"ofr20111237 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey 2011 assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Cook Inlet region, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:50:57","indexId":"ofr20111237","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1237","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2011 assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Cook Inlet region, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has completed an assessment of the volumes of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in conventional and continuous accumulations in Cook Inlet. The assessment used a geology-based methodology and results from new scientific research by the USGS and the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and Division of Oil and Gas (DOG). In the Cook Inlet region, the USGS estimates mean undiscovered volumes of nearly 600 million barrels of oil, about 19 trillion cubic feet of gas, and about 46 million barrels of natural gas liquids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111237","collaboration":"In cooperation with the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveysand Division of Oil and Gas","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.G., Pierce, B.S., and Houseknecht, D.W., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey 2011 assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Cook Inlet region, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1237, 37 p.; Powerpoint, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111237.","productDescription":"37 p.; Powerpoint","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1237.gif"},{"id":112054,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1237/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356994,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1237/of2011-1237.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":356995,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1237/of2011-1237.pptx","text":"Report PowerPoint"}],"state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba4ee4b08c986b3280d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Brenda S. bpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","email":"bpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006265,"text":"ofr20111001 - 2011 - Evaluation of landslide monitoring in the Polish Carpathians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111001","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1001","title":"Evaluation of landslide monitoring in the Polish Carpathians","docAbstract":"In response to the June 15, 2010 request from the Polish Geological Institute (PGI) to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for assistance and advice regarding real-time landslide monitoring, landslide specialists from the USGS Landslide Hazard Program visited PGI headquarters and field sites in September 2010. During our visit we became familiar with characteristics of landslides in the Polish Carpathians, reviewed PGI monitoring techniques, and assessed needs for monitoring at recently activated landslides. Visits to several landslides that are monitored by PGI (the Just, Hańczowa, Szymbark, Siercza and Łasńica landslides) revealed that current data collection (monthly GPS and inclinometer surveys, hourly piezometers readings) is generally sufficient for collecting basic information about landslide displacement, depth, and groundwater conditions. Large landslides are typically hydrologically complex, and we would expect such complexity in Carpathian landslides, given the alternating shale and sandstone stratigraphy and complex geologic structures of the flysch bedrock. Consequently groundwater observations could be improved by installing several piezometers that sample the basal shear zone of each landslide being monitored by PGI. These could be supplemented by additional piezometers at shallower depths to help clarify general flow directions and hydraulic gradients. Remedial works at Hańczowa\nmake the landslide unsuitable for monitoring as part of an early warning\nnetwork. Monitoring there should focus on continued performance of the remedial\nworks.\nOur suggestions for new monitoring at recently activated landslides are summarized in table 1. Displacement\nmonitoring using extensometers and (or) GPS is a high priority at Kłodne, Łaśnica,\nŁazki, and Siedloki. Geomorphologic mapping of active surface features\n(scarps, cracks, shear zones, folds, and thrusts) in sufficient detail to\nreveal the kinematics of each landslide would greatly help in planning\nsubsurface exploration and monitoring. Mapping should take advantage of\nexisting and future airborne lidar data sets of specific areas, where\navailable. Borehole inclinometers and piezometers would complete the basic\nmonitoring package for these landslides. The landslide at Kłodne may be\nwell suited for more detailed monitoring for landslide process research,\nalthough research opportunities exist at the other landslides as well. The\nlandslide near Siedloki may be a good candidate for terrestrial laser scanning\n(TLS). Tandem streamflow gages upstream and downstream from the Siedloki\nlandslide, or laser distance meters to monitor advancement of the toe, may be\nneeded to provide warning of stream blockage of Potok Milowski. A real-time\nwarning system specifically for the Łazki landslide might be considered due\nto potential concerns about catastrophic movement into Międzybrodzie\nReservoir.\nChallenges associated with the establishment of a complete real-time monitoring and early warning system are\nfar greater than just the technical and logistical aspects of installing remote\nmonitoring systems at a large number of landslides. Long-term maintenance of a\nlandslide monitoring network will involve considerable effort and expense as\nsensors break-down from exposure to weather, landslide movement, and harsh\nunderground environmental conditions.\nOnce PGI’s planned pilot network\nof 10-20 monitored landslides is operating, a period of observation and\nanalysis will be needed to establish appropriate alert levels and criteria for\nissuing alerts and warnings. Simultaneously, discussions with authorities will\nbe needed to develop action plans for responding to landslide notifications and\n(or) warnings. Public resistance to landslide warnings and mandated evacuations\nmay be high given the low historical incidence of fatalities and injuries\nresulting from Carpathian landslides and the small potential for warnings to\nreduce landslide damage to homes and land. Careful weighing of purpose,\nadvantages, and costs of a large-scale monitoring and early warning program is\nneeded early in the planning process and should be revisited regularly\nthroughout pilot and final implementation.\nIn this report, we present a generic plan for monitoring of a hypothetical Carpathian landslide that\nillustrates how our suggestions for each of the specific landslides could be\nimplemented. The plan includes basic pore pressure, displacement, and weather\nmonitoring, along with supplemental monitoring for special conditions at\nspecific landslides. Table 2 summarizes the overall approach and basic\nequipment and software requirements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111001","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Polish Geological Institute","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Baum, R.L., Mrozek, T., Nescieruk, P., Perski, Z., Raczkowski, W., and Graniczny, M., 2011, Evaluation of landslide monitoring in the Polish Carpathians (Modified March 1, 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1001, v, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111001.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1001.gif"},{"id":112046,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Modified March 1, 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8fe4b0c8380cd52bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mrozek, Teresa","contributorId":86889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mrozek","given":"Teresa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nescieruk, Piotr","contributorId":99281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nescieruk","given":"Piotr","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perski, Zbigniew","contributorId":41579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perski","given":"Zbigniew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raczkowski, Wojciech","contributorId":78463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raczkowski","given":"Wojciech","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Graniczny, Marek","contributorId":10146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graniczny","given":"Marek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006255,"text":"sir20115217 - 2011 - Water-quality conditions near the confluence of the Snake and Boise Rivers, Canyon County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115217","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5217","title":"Water-quality conditions near the confluence of the Snake and Boise Rivers, Canyon County, Idaho","docAbstract":"Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) have been established under authority of the Federal Clean Water Act for the Snake River-Hells Canyon reach, on the border of Idaho and Oregon, to improve water quality and preserve beneficial uses such as public consumption, recreation, and aquatic habitat. The TMDL sets targets for seasonal average and annual maximum concentrations of chlorophyll-a at 14 and 30 micrograms per liter, respectively. To attain these conditions, the maximum total phosphorus concentration at the mouth of the Boise River in Idaho, a tributary to the Snake River, has been set at 0.07 milligrams per liter. However, interactions among chlorophyll-a, nutrients, and other key water-quality parameters that may affect beneficial uses in the Snake and Boise Rivers are unknown. In addition, contributions of nutrients and chlorophyll-a loads from the Boise River to the Snake River have not been fully characterized.
To evaluate seasonal trends and relations among nutrients and other water-quality parameters in the Boise and Snake Rivers, a comprehensive monitoring program was conducted near their confluence in water years (WY) 2009 and 2010. The study also provided information on the relative contribution of nutrient and sediment loads from the Boise River to the Snake River, which has an effect on water-quality conditions in downstream reservoirs. State and site-specific water-quality standards, in addition to those that relate to the Snake River-Hells Canyon TMDL, have been established to protect beneficial uses in both rivers. Measured water-quality conditions in WY2009 and WY2010 exceeded these targets at one or more sites for the following constituents: water temperature, total phosphorus concentrations, total phosphorus loads, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and chlorophyll-a concentrations (WY2009 only). All measured total phosphorus concentrations in the Boise River near Parma exceeded the seasonal target of 0.07 milligram per liter. Data collected during the study show seasonal differences in all measured parameters. In particular, surprisingly high concentrations of chlorophyll-a were measured at all three main study sites in winter and early spring, likely due to changes in algal populations. Discharge conditions and dissolved orthophosphorus concentrations are key drivers for chlorophyll-a on a seasonal and annual basis on the Snake River. Discharge conditions and upstream periphyton growth are most likely the key drivers for chlorophyll-a in the Boise River. Phytoplankton growth is not limited or driven by nutrient availability in the Boise River. Lower discharges and minimal substrate disturbance in WY2010 in comparison with WY2009 may have caused prolonged and increased periphyton and macrophyte growth and a reduced amount of sloughed algae in suspension in the summer of WY2010.
Chlorophyll-a measured in samples commonly is used as an indicator of sestonic algae biomass, but chlorophyll-a concentrations and fluorescence may not be the most appropriate surrogates for algae growth, eutrophication, and associated effects on beneficial uses. Assessment of the effects of algae growth on beneficial uses should evaluate not only sestonic algae, but also benthic algae and macrophytes. Alternatively, continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen detects the influence of aquatic plant respiration for all types of algae and macrophytes and is likely a more direct measure of effects on beneficial uses such as aquatic habitat.
Most measured water-quality parameters in the Snake River were statistically different upstream and downstream of the confluence with the Boise River. Higher concentrations and loads were measured at the downstream site (Snake River at Nyssa) than the upstream site (Snake River near Adrian) for total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite and nitrate, suspended sediment, and turbidity. Higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH were measured at the upstream site (Snake River near Adrian) than the downstream site (Snake River at Nyssa). Contributions from the Boise River measured at Parma do not constitute all of the increase in nutrient and sediment loads in the Snake River between the upstream and downstream sites.
Surrogate models were developed using a combination of continuously monitored variables to estimate concentrations of nutrients and suspended sediment when samples were not possible. The surrogate models explained from 66 to 95 percent of the variability in nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations, depending on the site and model. Although the surrogate models could not always represent event-based changes in modeled parameters, they generally were successful in representing seasonal and annual patterns. Over a longer period, the surrogate models could be a useful tool for measuring compliance with state and site-specific water-quality standards and TMDL targets, for representing daily and seasonal variability in constituents, and for assessing effects of phosphorus reduction measures within the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cities of Boise, Caldwell, Meridian, and Nampa","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Etheridge, A., 2011, Water-quality conditions near the confluence of the Snake and Boise Rivers, Canyon County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5217, viii, 64 p.; Appendices; Appendix B Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115217.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.; Appendices; Appendix B Download","startPage":"i","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"78","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5217.jpg"},{"id":112031,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Canyon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River;Hells Canyon;Boise River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,43.083333333333336 ], [ -118,45.75 ], [ -115.5,45.75 ], [ -115.5,43.083333333333336 ], [ -118,43.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdece4b08c986b32e12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Etheridge, Alexandra 0000-0003-1282-7315","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-7315","contributorId":34251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheridge","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006257,"text":"sir20115214 - 2011 - Geomorphology and bank erosion of the Matanuska River, southcentral Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T10:51:07","indexId":"sir20115214","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5214","title":"Geomorphology and bank erosion of the Matanuska River, southcentral Alaska","docAbstract":"Bank erosion along the Matanuska River, a braided, glacial river in southcentral Alaska, has damaged or threatened houses, roadways, and public facilities for decades. Mapping of river geomorphology and bank characteristics for a 65-mile study area from the Matanuska Glacier to the river mouth provided erodibility information that was assessed along with 1949-2006 erosion to establish erosion hazard data. Braid plain margins were delineated from 1949, 1962, and 2006 orthophotographs to provide detailed measurements of erosion. Bank material and height and geomorphic features within the Matanuska River valley (primarily terraces and tributary fans) were mapped in a Geographic Information System (GIS) from orthophotographs and field observations to provide categories of erodibility and extent of the erodible corridor. The braid plain expanded 861 acres between 1949 and 2006. Erosion in the highest category ranged from 225 to 1,043 feet at reaches of bank an average of 0.5 mile long, affecting 8 percent of the banks but accounting for 64 percent of the erosion. Correlation of erosion to measurable predictor variables was limited to bank height and material. Streamflow statistics, such as peak streamflow or mean annual streamflow, were not clearly linked to erosion, which can occur during the prolonged period of summer high flows where channels are adjacent to an erodible braid plain margin. The historical braid plain, which includes vegetated braid plain bars and islands and active channels, was identified as the greatest riverine hazard area on the basis of its historical occupation. In 2006, the historical braid plain was an average of 15 years old, as determined from the estimated age of vegetation visible in orthophotographs. Bank erosion hazards at the braid plain margins can be mapped by combining bank material, bank height, and geomorphology data. Bedrock bluffs at least 10 feet high (31 percent of the braid plain margins) present no erosion hazard. At unconsolidated banks (63 percent of the braid plain margins), erosion hazards are great and the distinction in hazards between banks of varying height or geomorphology is slight.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Matanuska-Susitna Borough","usgsCitation":"Curran, J.H., and McTeague, M.L., 2011, Geomorphology and bank erosion of the Matanuska River, southcentral Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5214, viii, 50 p.; Appendix; Appendix A; GIS Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115214.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.; Appendix; Appendix A; GIS Shapefiles","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5214.jpg"},{"id":112037,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a27a4e4b0c8380cd59a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Janet H. 0000-0002-3899-6275 jcurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-6275","contributorId":690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Janet","email":"jcurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McTeague, Monica L.","contributorId":82045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McTeague","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}