An automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the pre-concentration of chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides, and two triazine metabolites from 100-ml water samples. Breakthrough experiments for the C18 SPE cartridge show that the two triazine metabolites are not fully retained and that increasing flow-rate decreases their retention. Standard curve r2 values of 0.998–1.000 for each compound were consistently obtained and a quantitation level of 0.05 μg/l was achieved for each compound tested. More than 10 000 surface and ground water samples have been analyzed by this method.
The occurrence of saline waters in the Baltic Shield in Sweden is consistent with ongoing but incomplete Holocene flushing and depends on the geometry and connectivity of conductive structures at both regional and local scales, and on the surface topography. Numerical simulation of regional variable-density fluid flow during Holocene land-rise and coastal regression shows that the existence of any old saline water, whether derived from submarine recharge in regions below Sweden's highest postglacial coastline or geochemical processes in the crystalline rock, is an indication either of slow fluid movements through the bedrock over long times, or of long travel distances through fracture systems before arriving at measurement points. During the land-rise period, regional flow is not affected by the variable density of fluids in the upper few kilometers of the shield, and the topography of the water table is the only driving force. The spatial distribution of meteoric flushing water and pre-Holocene waters may be complex, with the possibility of relatively fresh water in fracture zones below salty units even at depths of a few kilometers. The domination of the topographic driving force implies that deep saline water is not necessarily stagnant, and significant flow may be expected to occur in well-connected horizons even at depth. Local topography variation and fracture zone location combine to create a complex flow field in which local topographic driving forces extend to considerable depth in some areas, whereas regional topographic forces predominate in others. Thus, a pattern may be difficult to discern in measurements of the regional salinity distribution, although it is clear that the coastal region is the major zone of discharge for deeper pre-Holocene fluids. During the land-rise period, the regional flow field equilibrates with changing climatic conditions and coastal positions, while the distribution of flushing water and older water lags and will perpetually change between successive glaciations. These characteristics have direct implications for the safety of nuclear water repositories located at depth in Baltic Shield rocks.
The possible impact of periglacial climates on the rate of chemical weathering of a coarse-grained plagioclase-muscovite-quartz schist has been determined for a small watershed near Baltimore, Maryland. The isovolumetric chemical weathering model formulated from the geochemical mass balance study of the watershed shows that the weathering front advances at a velocity of 9.1 m/m.y., if the modern environmental parameters remain the same back through time. However, recent surficial geological mapping demonstrates that periglacial climates have impacted the area. Such an impact significantly affects two key chemical weathering parameters, the concentration of CO2 in the soil and groundwater moving past the weathering front. Depending upon the assumptions used in the model, the rate of saprolitization varies from 2.2 to 5.3 m/m.y.
The possible impact of periglacial processes suggested by the chemical weathering rates indicates a need to reconsider theories of landscape evolution as they apply to the northern Piedmont Province of the mid-Atlantic states. I suggest that from the Late Miocene to the present that the major rivers have become incised in their present locations; this incision has enhanced groundwater circulation and chemical weathering such that crystalline rocks beneath interfluvial areas remain mantled by saprolite; and the saprolite mantle has been partially stripped as periglacial conditions alternate with humid-temperate conditions.
Crude oil floating on the water table in a sand and gravel aquifer provides a constant source of hydrocarbons to the groundwater at a site near Bemidji, Minnesota. The degradation of hydrocarbons affects the concentrations of oxidized and reduced aqueous species in the anoxic part of the contaminant plume that developed downgradient from the oil body. The concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+ and CH4, Eh measurements, and the δ13C ratios of the total inorganic C indicate that the plume became more reducing ver a 5-a period. However, the size of the contaminant plume remained stable during this time. Field data coupled with laboratory microcosm experiments indicate that benzene and the alkylbenzenes are degraded in an anoxic environment. In anaerobic microcosm experiments conducted under field conditions, almost complete degradation (98%) was observed for benzene in 125 d and for toluene in 45 d. Concentrations of aqueous Fe2+ and Mn2+ increased in these experiments, indicating that the primary reactions were hydrocarbon degradation coupled with Fe and Mn reduction.
Mass transfer calculations on a 40-m flowpath in the anoxic zone, downgradient from the oil body, indicated that the primary reactions in the anoxic zone are oxidation of organic compounds, precipitation of siderite and a ferroan calcite, dissolution of iron oxide and outgassing of CH4 and CO2. The major difference in the two models presented is the ratio of CO2 and CH4 that outgasses. Both models indicate quantitatively that large amounts of Fe are dissolved and reprecipitated as ferrous iron in the anoxic zone of the contaminant plume.
Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor, areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. 2. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). 3. (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., 1993, Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 1-2, p. 7-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -69.8016357421875,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -69.8016357421875,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 41.734429390721\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1be4b08c986b317038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017374,"text":"70017374 - 1993 - Central Nebraska river basins Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:58:42","indexId":"70017374","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Central Nebraska river basins Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Central Nebraska Basins (NAWQA) study unit includes the Platte River and two major tributaries, the Loup and Elkhorn Rivers. Platte River flows are variable of diversions, but the Loup and Elkhorn Rivers originate in an area of dune sand covered by grassland that generates consistent base flows. Ground water has no regional confining units and the system is a water table aquifer throughout. Macroinvertebrate and fish taxa were related to stream flow. One of the four wetland complexes includes habitat for threatened and endangered bird species. A water quality assessments will be based on the differences in environmental setting in each of four subunits within the study unit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03228.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Huntzinger, T.L., and Ellis, M.J., 1993, Central Nebraska river basins Nebraska: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 533-574, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03228.x.","startPage":"533","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267690,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03228.x"},{"id":228603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f1e4b0c8380cd4ba40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntzinger, Thomas L.","contributorId":104054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntzinger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Michael J.","contributorId":40360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":95404,"text":"95404 - 1993 - Cold-water fish viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cold-water fish viruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"W. B. Saunders Company","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","collaboration":"93-016/FH","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., 1993, Cold-water fish viruses, chap. of Fish medicine, p. 697-711.","productDescription":"p. 697-711","startPage":"697","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae93d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stoskopf, M. K.","contributorId":75894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoskopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187904,"text":"70187904 - 1993 - Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T20:31:22","indexId":"70187904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"Existing knowledge on high-seas and coastal gillnet fisheries known to kill seabirds in the North Pacific is summarized. Recent estimates suggest that high-seas gillnet fisheries may have taken more than 500,000 seabirds in 1990. The majority of birds taken in those fisheries were Sooty Puffinus griseus or Short-tailed P. tenuirostris shearwaters. A recent analysis of impacts of those fisheries suggests that both shearwater populations may be declining slightly, although overall populations remain large. Impacts on seabirds of gillnet fishing in coastal waters are poorly known, except in California. Incidental mortality of seabirds in coastal gillnet fisheries may be adding additional stress to populations already compromised by habitat destruction and oil spills. Local populations of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus, Common Murres Uria aalge, and Japanese Murrelets Synthliboramphus wumizusume may be particularly vulnerable to coastal gillnet fisheries. United National General Assembly Resolution 44/225 called for a moratorium on high-seas gillnet fishing by 30 June 1992. Japan has complied and Korea and Taiwan will comply with the moratorium.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Day, R.H., Takekawa, J.E., and Mendenhall, V.M., 1993, Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific, in The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 204-211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pacificseabirdgroup.org/psg-publications/symposia/the-status-ecology-and-conservation-of-marine-birds-of-the-north-pacific/"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695940,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, Vivian M.","contributorId":98405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018387,"text":"70018387 - 1993 - Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T22:56:16.864308","indexId":"70018387","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"A regional study of the areal and depth distribution of pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia was done to (i) relate the pesticides detected to landscape and shallow subsurface features, and (ii) evaluate aquifer vulnerability and the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. Water samples collected at 100 wells from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed for concentrations of 36 pesticides, four metabolites, and other constituents. The most commonly detected residues were atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Concentrations were low; few exceeded 3 µg L−1. Most detections correlate with the intensive use of these herbicides in three widely distributed and commonly rotated crops—corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and small grain—particularly if grown in well-drained soils. Most detections occurred in samples collected from shallow wells screened within 10 m of the overlying water table. The shallow depth distribution of most residues is consistent with their suspected history of use (ca. 20 yr), and patterns in shallow groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer in the study area. The areal and depth distributions of detectable residues in groundwater did not correlate with a vulnerability index, nor any of the component scores developed to estimate that index using the DRASTIC method. The shallow depth of most detections also indicates why few samples from water-supply wells in this study had measurable concentrations of pesticides; most supply wells are deeper than 10 m below the water table. The low number of contaminated samples from supply wells implies that deep groundwater currently (1992) used for drinking generally does not contain detectable pesticide residues.
No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., and Feldman, S.M., 1993, Effects of local-scale hydrogeologic features on particle-tracking analysis of ground-water flow at Patchogue, Long Island, N.Y, chap. of Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling, p. 193-206.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ce4b0e541a03d4545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, P.E.","contributorId":59827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, S. M.","contributorId":91896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018388,"text":"70018388 - 1993 - Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:56:19","indexId":"70018388","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","docAbstract":"Two structural settings are found in the study unit: alluvial basins and bedrock basins. The alluvial basins can have through-flowing surface water or be closed basins. The discussion of streamflow and water quality for the surface-water system is based on four river reaches for the 750 miles of the main stem. the quality of the ground water is affected by both natural process and human activities and by nonpoint and point sources. Nonpoint sources for surface water include agriculture, hydromodification, and mining operations; point sources are mainly discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources for ground water include agriculture and septic tanks and cesspools; point sources include leaking underground storage tanks, unlined or manure-lined holding ponds used for disposal of dairy wastes, landfills, and mining operations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., Levings, G., Carter, L.F., Richey, S.F., and Radell, M.J., 1993, Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 617-646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x.","startPage":"617","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267687,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x"},{"id":227335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad70e4b0c8380cd86edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Lisa F.","contributorId":101256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richey, Steven F.","contributorId":50511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radell, Mary Jo","contributorId":26741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171393,"text":"70171393 - 1993 - Determination of dissolved-phase pesticides in surface water from the Yakima River basin, Washington, using the Goulden large-sample extractor and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T17:17:39","indexId":"70171393","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dissolved-phase pesticides in surface water from the Yakima River basin, Washington, using the Goulden large-sample extractor and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer","docAbstract":"Concentrations of pesticides in the dissolved phase of surface water samples from the Yakima River basin, WA, were determined using preconcentration in the Goulden large-sample extractor (GLSE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Sample volumes ranging from 10 to 120 L were processed with the GLSE, and the results from the large-sample analyses were compared to those derived from 1-L continuous liquid-liquid extractions Few of the 40 target pesticides were detected in 1-L samples, whereas large-sample preconcentration in the GLSE provided detectable levels for many of the target pesticides. The number of pesticides detected in GLSE processed samples was usually directly proportional to sample volume, although the measured concentrations of the pesticides were generally lower at the larger sample volumes for the same water source. The GLSE can be used to provide lower detection levels relative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction in GC/MS analysis of pesticides in samples of surface water.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00046a021","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.D., Gates, P.M., Foreman, W., McKenzie, S.W., and Rinella, F., 1993, Determination of dissolved-phase pesticides in surface water from the Yakima River basin, Washington, using the Goulden large-sample extractor and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 9, p. 1911-1917, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00046a021.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1911","endPage":"1917","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5c0e4b0ee97d51a83ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Gregory D.","contributorId":18020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018395,"text":"70018395 - 1993 - Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:02:27.148418","indexId":"70018395","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"By analyzing two landslides in the New Madrid seismic zone, we develop an approach for judging if a landslide or group of landslides of unknown origin was more likely to have formed as a result of earthquake shaking or in aseismic conditions. The two landslides analyzed are representative of two groups of land-slides that previous research on the geomorphology and regional distribution of landslides in this region indicates may have been triggered by the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Slope-stability models of aseismic conditions show that neither landslide is likely to have formed aseismically even in unrealistically high ground-water conditions. Dynamic stability analysis using Newmark's method shows that both slides probably would have experienced large inertial displacements during earthquake shaking similar to that which occurred in 1811-1812; these displacements are large enough that catastrophic failure is highly probable. Thus, the stability analyses are consistent with other lines of evidence that these landslides formed as a result of strong earthquake shaking during the 1811-1812 earthquakes.
Our analysis yields a general relationship between Newmark landslide displacement, earthquake shaking intensity, and the critical acceleration of a landslide. Using this relationship, we estimate the minimum shaking intensities required to trigger the types of landslides studied: an mb = 5.8 or M = 5.9 earthquake is the lower bound threshold at zero epicentral distance that could trigger catastrophic movement of typical block slides in the New Madrid seismic zone; for earth flows, mb = 5.4 or M = 5.3 is the threshold earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0521:AOTSOO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., and Keefer, D.K., 1993, Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 4, p. 521-536, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0521:AOTSOO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb40e4b0c8380cd48cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018396,"text":"70018396 - 1993 - Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"At Yucca Mountain, calcite occurs as open-space fillings and coatings on fractures within much of the host volcanic rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Strontium isotope analyses of these calcites divide the samples into two groups corresponding to their location in either the saturated or unsaturated zones. The group of samples from the unsaturated zone corresponds very well with pedogenic carbonate samples, indicating that the strontium came from the surface during infiltration events. However, four samples from the unsaturated zone show strontium isotopic ratios similar to present-day ground water. Since these samples are closest to the water table, they are interpreted as the result of a higher water-table stand (approx.85 m higher than present-day) in the past.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., Peterman, Z., and Stuckless, J.S., 1993, Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1948-1952.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb6e4b08c986b31d047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186224,"text":"70186224 - 1993 - Hydrogeologic reconnaissance at the Ciba-Geigy Superfund Site, Ocean County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T16:29:25","indexId":"70186224","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic reconnaissance at the Ciba-Geigy Superfund Site, Ocean County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Barton, G.J., 1993, Hydrogeologic reconnaissance at the Ciba-Geigy Superfund Site, Ocean County, New Jersey, in Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling, p. 69-85.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"69","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175201,"text":"70175201 - 1993 - Continuous flow measurements using fixed ultrasonic meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T14:16:42","indexId":"70175201","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous flow measurements using fixed ultrasonic meters","docAbstract":"USGS has or soon will be installing four continuous flow-monitoring stations in the delta that will use ultrasonic velocity meters (DVM). Funding for the stations has been provided by USGS, DWR, USBR, and Contra Costa Water District.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary","usgsCitation":"Oltmann, R., 1993, Continuous flow measurements using fixed ultrasonic meters: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. Summer 1993, p. 4-4.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/1993/IEPNewsletterSummer1993.pdf"}],"volume":"Summer 1993","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ee4b006cb45552c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltmann, Rick","contributorId":173343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162367,"text":"70162367 - 1993 - The Klamath Falls, Oregon, earthquakes on September 20, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T16:24:45","indexId":"70162367","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Klamath Falls, Oregon, earthquakes on September 20, 1993","docAbstract":"The strongest earthquake to strike Oregon in more than 50 yrs struck the southern part of the State on September 20, 1993. These shocks, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake at 8:28pm and a magnitude 6.0 earthquake at 10:45pm, were the opening salvo in a swarm of earthquakes that continued for more than three months. During this period, several thousand aftershocks, many strong enough to be felt, were recorded by seismographs.
\nThe mainshocks caused light moderate damage at Klamath Falls, a town of about 18,000 residents located only about 20 km east of the epicentral area. Damage included toppled chimneys, cracked masonry, and fallen parapets. Power outages occurred after the strongest shocks. In addition, strong shaking broke water mains, and landslides temporarily blocked highways. the earthquakes also caused two fatalities. A rockfall crushed an automobile, killing a motorist, and an elderly lady had a heart attack. the low population density in the epicentral area- less than five people per sq km- kept the toatl dollar loss to about 7.5 million dollars.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., 1993, The Klamath Falls, Oregon, earthquakes on September 20, 1993: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 24, no. 3, p. 104-146.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 42.27629267135368\n ],\n [\n -121.68182373046875,\n 42.30270602152243\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 42.12980284036181\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 42.06050904321049\n ],\n [\n -121.92489624023436,\n 42.270195710001786\n ],\n [\n -121.89743041992189,\n 42.27629267135368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4fe4b0961cf2811c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.R.","contributorId":42611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017404,"text":"70017404 - 1993 - Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:19:06","indexId":"70017404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Clues to the overall structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the rift structures are broad, extending farther to the north than to the south of the surface features. The magnetic data give more definition to the rift structures by allowing separation into a narrow, highly-magnetized, shallow zone and broad, flanking, magnetic lows. The patterns of gravity, magnetic variations, and seismicity document the southward migration of the upper cast rift zone. Regional, hydrologic features of Kilauea can be determined from resistivity and self-potential studies. High-level groundwater exists beneath Kilauea summit to elevations of +800 m within a triangular area bounded by the west edge of the upper southwest rift zone, the east edge of the upper east rift zone, and the Koa'c fault system. High-level groundwater is present within the east rift zone beyond the triangular summit area. Self-potential mapping shows that areas of local heat produce local fluid circulation in the unconfined aquifer (water table). The dynamics of Kilauea eruptions are responsible for both the source of heat and the fracture permeability of the hydrothermal system. Shallow seismicity and surface deformation indicate that magma is intruding and that fractures are forming beneath the rift zones and summit area. Magma supply estimates are used to calculate the rate of heat input to Kilauea's hydrothermal systems. Heat flows of 370-820 mW/m2 are calculated from deep wells within the lower east rift zone. The estimated heat input rate for Kilauea of 9 gigawatts (GW) is at least 25 times higher than the conductive heat loss as estimated from the heat flow in wells extrapolated over the area of the summit caldera and rift zones. Heat must be dissipated by another mechanism, or the heat input rate estimates are much too high. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., 1993, Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 4, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268156,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90004-7"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2811e4b0c8380cd59dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017435,"text":"70017435 - 1993 - Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:54:07","indexId":"70017435","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Ambats, G., and Thordsen, J., 1993, Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters: Chemical Geology, v. 107, no. 3-4, p. 499-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"501","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266058,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90239-F"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a0e4b0c8380cd5012f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambats, G.","contributorId":64825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordsen, J.J.","contributorId":43121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017407,"text":"70017407 - 1993 - Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T12:26:10.372875","indexId":"70017407","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Ground water is the main source of domestic and public supply in the Carson River Basin. Ground water originates as precipitation primarily in the Sierra Nevada in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys, and flows down gradient in the direction of the Carson River through Dayton and Churchill Valleys to a terminal sink in the Carson Desert. Because radionuclides dissolved in ground water can pose a threat to human health, the distribution and sources of several naturally occurring radionuclides that contribute to gross-alpha and gross-beta activities in the study area were investigated. Generally, alpha and beta activities and U concentration increase from the up-gradient to down-gradient hydrographic areas of the Carson River Basin, whereas222Rn concentration decreases. Both226Ra and228Ra concentrations are similar throughout the study area. Alpha and beta activities and U concentration commonly exceed 100 pCi/l in the Carson Desert at the distal end of the flow system. Radon-222 commonly exceeds 2,000 pCi/l in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys adjacent to the Sierra Nevada. Radium-226 and228Ra concentrations are <5pCi/l. Four ground water samples were analyzed for210Po and one sample contained a high concentration of 21 pCi/l. Seven samples were analyzed for210Pb; six contained <3pCi/l and one contained 12 pCi/l. Thorium-230 was detected at concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 pCi/l in two of four samples.
Alpha-emitting radionuclides in the ground water originated from the dissolution of U-rich granitic rocks in the Sierra Nevada by CO2, oxygenated water. Dissolution of primary minerals, mainly titanite (sphene) in the granitic rocks, releases U to the water. Dissolved U is probably removed from the water by adsorption on Fe- and Mn-oxide coatings on fracture surfaces and fine-grained sediment, by adsorption on organic matter, and by coprecipitation with Fe and Mn oxides. These coated sediments are transported throughout the basin by fluvial processes. Thus, U is transported as dissolved and adsorbed species. A rise in the water table in the Carson Desert because of irrigation has resulted in the oxidation of U-rich organic matter and dissolution of U-bearing coatings on sediments, producing unusually high U concentration in the ground water.
Alpha activity in the ground water is almost entirely from the decay of U dissolved in the water. Beta activity in ground water samples is primarily from the decay of40K dissolved in the water and ingrowth of238U progeny in the sample before analysis. Approximately one-half of the measured beta activity may not be present in ground water in the aquifer, but instead is produced in the sample after collection and before analysis. Potassium-40 is primarily from the dissolution of K-containing minerals, probably K-feldspar and biotite. Radon-222 is primarily from the decay of226Ra in the aquifer materials. Radium in the ground water is thought to be mainly from alpha recoil associated with the decay of Th in the aquifer material. Some Ra may be from dissolution (or desorption) or Ra-rich coatings on sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(93)90075-R","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., Welch, A., Lico, M., Hughes, J.L., and Whitney, R., 1993, Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 5, p. 447-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90075-R.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.77808191049472,\n 40.330949687966836\n ],\n [\n -120.77808191049472,\n 38.2575185828108\n ],\n [\n -118.25229909191118,\n 38.2575185828108\n ],\n [\n -118.25229909191118,\n 40.330949687966836\n ],\n [\n -120.77808191049472,\n 40.330949687966836\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a941ce4b0c8380cd811f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lico, M.S.","contributorId":36573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, J. L.","contributorId":34940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, R.","contributorId":94808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017442,"text":"70017442 - 1993 - Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:55:22","indexId":"70017442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Typically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water-use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Kenny, J.F., 1993, Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 973-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x.","startPage":"973","endPage":"979","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267686,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x"},{"id":228975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c60e4b0c8380cd69bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenny, J. F.","contributorId":100378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}