{"pageNumber":"1719","pageRowStart":"42950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":1008467,"text":"1008467 - 1993 - Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T13:06:39","indexId":"1008467","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought","docAbstract":"<p><span>The snout &ndash; vent length, tail length, weight, sex, activity, and orientation of a population of swamp snakes (</span><i>Seminatrix pygaea</i><span>) in north &ndash; central Florida were recorded from 1985 through 1990. A small temporary pond was monitored for 1343 days, using a drift fence &ndash; pitfall trap sampling regime. I captured 123 different snakes, plus 45 recaptures. Juveniles comprised 89% of the snakes at the pond. Females were generally longer and weighed more than males, although regression analysis showed no differences between the sexes in the relationship of length versus wet body mass. Males had longer tails than females. The sex ratio of snakes with a snout &ndash; vent length of more than 150&ensp;mm was 1:1. Activity occurred throughout the year but peaked during summer. Hydroperiod and weather conditions did not appear to influence snake activity. During the latter years of the study, a regional drought that began in the mid-1980s became quite severe. However, drought had little direct effect on overland migration or body condition but caused snakes to leave or to shorten the amount of time they spent within the pond basin. Snakes immigrated and emigrated nonrandomly; orientation was directed to and from the nearest large water body. Certain temporary ponds may comprise developmental habitat for&nbsp;</span><i>Seminatrix pygaea</i><span>. The dynamic wet &ndash; dry climatic cycles in southeastern North America may lead to the formation of metapopulations in some aquatic snakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-177","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1993, Population structure, body mass, activity, and orientation of an aquatic snake (<i>Seminatrix pygaea</i>) during a drought: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 7, p. 1281-1288, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-177.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1288","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018357,"text":"70018357 - 1993 - Tidal, Residual, Intertidal Mudflat (TRIM) Model and its Applications to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T07:08:13","indexId":"70018357","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal, Residual, Intertidal Mudflat (TRIM) Model and its Applications to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>A numerical model using a semi-implicit finite-difference method for solving the two-dimensional shallow-water equations is presented. The gradient of the water surface elevation in the momentum equations and the velocity divergence in the continuity equation are finite-differenced implicitly, the remaining terms are finite-differenced explicitly. The convective terms are treated using an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The combination of the semi-implicit finite-difference solution for the gravity wave propagation, and the Eulerian-Lagrangian treatment of the convective terms renders the numerical model unconditionally stable. When the baroclinic forcing is included, a salt transport equation is coupled to the momentum equations, and the numerical method is subject to a weak stability condition. The method of solution and the properties of the numerical model are given. This numerical model is particularly suitable for applications to coastal plain estuaries and tidal embayments in which tidal currents are dominant, and tidally generated residual currents are important. The model is applied to San Francisco Bay, California where extensive historical tides and current-meter data are available. The model calibration is considered by comparing time-series of the field data and of the model results. Alternatively, and perhaps more meaningfully, the model is calibrated by comparing the harmonic constants of tides and tidal currents derived from field data with those derived from the model. The model is further verified by comparing the model results with an independent data set representing the wet season. The strengths and the weaknesses of the model are assessed based on the results of model calibration and verification. Using the model results, the properties of tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay are characterized and discussed. Furthermore, using the numerical model, estimates of San Francisco Bay's volume, surface area, mean water depth, tidal prisms, and tidal excursions at spring and neap tides are computed. Additional applications of the model reveal, qualitatively the spatial distribution of residual variables.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1993.1016","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Casulli, V., and Gartner, J.W., 1993, Tidal, Residual, Intertidal Mudflat (TRIM) Model and its Applications to San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 36, no. 3, p. 235-280, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1016.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"280","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Califoronia","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb37de4b08c986b325dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":95404,"text":"95404 - 1993 - Cold-water fish viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95404","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cold-water fish viruses","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"W. B. Saunders Company","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","collaboration":"93-016/FH","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., 1993, Cold-water fish viruses, chap. <i>of</i> Fish medicine, p. 697-711.","productDescription":"p. 697-711","startPage":"697","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae93d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stoskopf, M. K.","contributorId":75894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoskopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018402,"text":"70018402 - 1993 - Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:18:59","indexId":"70018402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor, areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. 2. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). 3. (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., 1993, Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 1-2, p. 7-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1be4b08c986b317038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018396,"text":"70018396 - 1993 - Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"At Yucca Mountain, calcite occurs as open-space fillings and coatings on fractures within much of the host volcanic rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Strontium isotope analyses of these calcites divide the samples into two groups corresponding to their location in either the saturated or unsaturated zones. The group of samples from the unsaturated zone corresponds very well with pedogenic carbonate samples, indicating that the strontium came from the surface during infiltration events. However, four samples from the unsaturated zone show strontium isotopic ratios similar to present-day ground water. Since these samples are closest to the water table, they are interpreted as the result of a higher water-table stand (approx.85 m higher than present-day) in the past.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., Peterman, Z., and Stuckless, J.S., 1993, Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1948-1952.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb6e4b08c986b31d047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018395,"text":"70018395 - 1993 - Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:02:27.148418","indexId":"70018395","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"<p>By analyzing two landslides in the New Madrid seismic zone, we develop an approach for judging if a landslide or group of landslides of unknown origin was more likely to have formed as a result of earthquake shaking or in aseismic conditions. The two landslides analyzed are representative of two groups of land-slides that previous research on the geomorphology and regional distribution of landslides in this region indicates may have been triggered by the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes. Slope-stability models of aseismic conditions show that neither landslide is likely to have formed aseismically even in unrealistically high ground-water conditions. Dynamic stability analysis using Newmark's method shows that both slides probably would have experienced large inertial displacements during earthquake shaking similar to that which occurred in 1811-1812; these displacements are large enough that catastrophic failure is highly probable. Thus, the stability analyses are consistent with other lines of evidence that these landslides formed as a result of strong earthquake shaking during the 1811-1812 earthquakes.</p><p>Our analysis yields a general relationship between Newmark landslide displacement, earthquake shaking intensity, and the critical acceleration of a landslide. Using this relationship, we estimate the minimum shaking intensities required to trigger the types of landslides studied: an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>m<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.8 or M = 5.9 earthquake is the lower bound threshold at zero epicentral distance that could trigger catastrophic movement of typical block slides in the New Madrid seismic zone; for earth flows,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>m<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.4 or M = 5.3 is the threshold earthquake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0521:AOTSOO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., and Keefer, D.K., 1993, Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 4, p. 521-536, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0521:AOTSOO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb40e4b0c8380cd48cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018388,"text":"70018388 - 1993 - Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:56:19","indexId":"70018388","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas","docAbstract":"Two structural settings are found in the study unit: alluvial basins and bedrock basins. The alluvial basins can have through-flowing surface water or be closed basins. The discussion of streamflow and water quality for the surface-water system is based on four river reaches for the 750 miles of the main stem. the quality of the ground water is affected by both natural process and human activities and by nonpoint and point sources. Nonpoint sources for surface water include agriculture, hydromodification, and mining operations; point sources are mainly discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources for ground water include agriculture and septic tanks and cesspools; point sources include leaking underground storage tanks, unlined or manure-lined holding ponds used for disposal of dairy wastes, landfills, and mining operations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., Levings, G., Carter, L.F., Richey, S.F., and Radell, M.J., 1993, Rio Grande valley Colorado new Mexico and Texas: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 617-646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x.","startPage":"617","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267687,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03230.x"},{"id":227335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad70e4b0c8380cd86edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Lisa F.","contributorId":101256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richey, Steven F.","contributorId":50511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radell, Mary Jo","contributorId":26741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018387,"text":"70018387 - 1993 - Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T22:56:16.864308","indexId":"70018387","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A regional study of the areal and depth distribution of pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia was done to (i) relate the pesticides detected to landscape and shallow subsurface features, and (ii) evaluate aquifer vulnerability and the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. Water samples collected at 100 wells from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed for concentrations of 36 pesticides, four metabolites, and other constituents. The most commonly detected residues were atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and dicamba. Concentrations were low; few exceeded 3 µg L<sup>−1</sup>. Most detections correlate with the intensive use of these herbicides in three widely distributed and commonly rotated crops—corn (<i>Zea mays</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.), soybean [<i>Glycine max</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(L.) Merr.], and small grain—particularly if grown in well-drained soils. Most detections occurred in samples collected from shallow wells screened within 10 m of the overlying water table. The shallow depth distribution of most residues is consistent with their suspected history of use (ca. 20 yr), and patterns in shallow groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer in the study area. The areal and depth distributions of detectable residues in groundwater did not correlate with a vulnerability index, nor any of the component scores developed to estimate that index using the DRASTIC method. The shallow depth of most detections also indicates why few samples from water-supply wells in this study had measurable concentrations of pesticides; most supply wells are deeper than 10 m below the water table. The low number of contaminated samples from supply wells implies that deep groundwater currently (1992) used for drinking generally does not contain detectable pesticide residues.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030015x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Koterba, M., Banks, W., and Shedlock, R.J., 1993, Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 3, p. 500-518, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030015x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a775ae4b0c8380cd78492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koterba, M.T.","contributorId":62570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, W.S.L.","contributorId":80835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"W.S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018362,"text":"70018362 - 1993 - Simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T11:55:13.124548","indexId":"70018362","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Cylindrical (axasymmetric) flow to a well is an important specialized topic of ground-water hydraulics and has been applied by many investigators to determine aquifer properties and determine heads and flows in the vicinity of the well. A recent modification to the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model provides the opportunity to simulate axisymmetric flow to a well. The theory involves the conceptualization of a system of concentric shells that are capable of reproducing the large variations in gradient in the vicinity of the well by decreasing their area in the direction of the well. The computer program presented serves as a preprocessor to the U.S. Geological Survey model by creating the input data file needed to implement the axisymmetric conceptualization. Data input requirements to this preprocessor are described, and a comparison with a known analytical solution indicates that the model functions appropriately.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01851.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1993, Simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model: Groundwater, v. 31, no. 3, p. 489-494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01851.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9019e4b08c986b319310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018359,"text":"70018359 - 1993 - Statistical evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of abandoned underground coal mines around Cannelburg, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T11:18:01.408646","indexId":"70018359","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of abandoned underground coal mines around Cannelburg, Indiana","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">A statistical analysis of daily water-level changes in an abandoned coal mine indicates that precipitation affects the potentiometric level of the mine, independent of associated atmospheric pressure changes and changes in the water level of an overlying aquifer. The independent statistical effect of precipitation (0.99 cm of water-level change per centimeter of rainfall) is interpreted to reflect either lateral percolation from the coalbed's subcrop (1.2 km from the mine) or rapid recharge through mine-associated pathways, such as poorly plugged shafts, boreholes, or subsidence fractures. The relationship between water-level changes in the mine's voids and changes in the overlying aquifer is also statistically significant, but the regression coefficient (0.04) is an order of magnitude smaller than that for precipitation, indicating that vertical percolation (which is represented by covariance of the two aquifers) through undisturbed overburden may be less effective than the recharge associated with precipitation that bypasses the overburden. An equivalent analysis of water-level changes in an underlying unmined coalbed indicated that precipitation had a weaker direct effect (regression coefficient of 0.34, compared with 0.99), although it was still the dominant independent variable. In contrast, the effect of water-level changes in an overlying aquifer (the flooded mine itself) was relatively stronger (regression coefficient of 0.15, compared with 0.04), indicating that vertical percolation through interburden is more important at depth.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90269-F","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harper, D., and Olyphant, G., 1993, Statistical evaluation of hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of abandoned underground coal mines around Cannelburg, Indiana: Journal of Hydrology, v. 146, no. C, p. 49-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90269-F.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227599,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972ae4b08c986b31b90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harper, D.","contributorId":28752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018353,"text":"70018353 - 1993 - Flood elevation limits in the rocky mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018353","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Flood elevation limits in the rocky mountains","docAbstract":"An analysis of 77,987 station-years of streamflow-gaging station data from 3,748 stations in the Rocky Mountains indicates that there is a latitude-dependent elevation limit to substantial rainfall-produced flooding. The elevation limit ranges from about 1,650 m in Montana to about 2,350 m in New Mexico. Above this elevation limit, large rainfall-produced floods occur very infrequently and maximum unit discharge is 1.7 m3/s/km2 or less. Below this elevation limit, large-magnitude flooding is more common and maximum unit discharge ranges from to 30 m3/s/km2 in Idaho and Montana to 59 m3/s/km2 in New Mexico. These results emphasize the critical need for additional research to increase our knowledge of floods, and have important implications in water-resources investigations in the Rocky Mountains.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262921X","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R.D., 1993, Flood elevation limits in the rocky mountains, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 180-185.","startPage":"180","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10e9e4b0c8380cd53e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018352,"text":"70018352 - 1993 - General implicit representation of hydraulic structures in numerical flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018352","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"General implicit representation of hydraulic structures in numerical flow models","docAbstract":"Effects of hydraulic structures (such as culverts, bridge openings, or gates) can be simulated in numerical surface-water-flow models. Generally the scale and dimension of the numerical model is insufficient to model flow through the structure directly. However, if for a particular hydraulic structure a unique relation exists among headwater elevation, tailwater elevation, and discharge through the structure, the effect of the structure can be introduced by enforcing the unique three-parameter relation among three dependent model variables: water-surface elevations immediately upstream and downstream of the structure and discharge through the structure. The three-parameter relation might be implemented through an equation or sets of equations specific to each particular structure. The technique described is more general, viewing the locus of points satisfying any unique three-parameter relation as a surface. The surface is described by a set of points with coordinates corresponding to the three parameters. Values and gradients required for implicit implementation of the unique three-parameter relation in a numerical flow model are interpolated from the surface. The technique described provides a general interface between numerical flow models and effects of any hydraulic structure characterized by a unique three-parameter relation.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"DeLong, L.L., and Fulford, J., 1993, General implicit representation of hydraulic structures in numerical flow models, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1143-1148.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1510e4b0c8380cd54c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, L. L.","contributorId":44530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018331,"text":"70018331 - 1993 - Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018331","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana","docAbstract":"A U.S. Department of the Interior study started in 1990 examined the source, movement, fate, and possible biological effects of selenium associated with irrigation drainage from the Sun River Irrigation Project in west-central Montana. Concentrations of total selenium in soil samples ranged from 0.1 to 8.5 micrograms per gram; the maximum concentrations were measured in nonirrigated areas overlying geologic formations containing seleniferous shale. In irrigated areas, concentrations of dissolved selenium in ground water flowing toward Freezeout Lake ranged from less than 1 to 18 micrograms per liter (??g/L) in terrace gravel and from 1 to 190 ??g/L in glacial deposits derived from seleniferous shale. Concentrations of total selenium ranged from less than 1 to 180 ??g/L in surface irrigation drainage, and from less than 1 to 1,000 ??g/L in natural flows from nonirrigated land. Selenium concentrations in water from lakes generally were less than the aquatic-life criterion for chronic toxicity. The range of selenium concentrations in bottom sediment of lakes was similar to that of local soils. However, biological samples indicate that selenium is accumulating through the aquatic food chain. Selenium concentrations indicative of biological risk were exceeded in at least 80 percent of the freshwater-invertebrate, bird-egg, and bird-liver samples collected from all wetland sites.","largerWorkTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceTitle":"Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives","conferenceDate":"21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629198","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Lambing, J.H., and Palawski, D.U., 1993, Selenium in soil, water, sediment, and biota of the lower Sun River area, West-Central Montana, <i>in</i> Management of Irrigation and Drainage Systems : Integrated Perspectives, Park City, UT, USA, 21 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 762-769.","startPage":"762","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf5e4b08c986b3181dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, John H.","contributorId":64272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palawski, Donald U.","contributorId":17384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palawski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018330,"text":"70018330 - 1993 - Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:07:20.117057","indexId":"70018330","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Ice observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74°N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes of silt and clay km<span class=\"sup\">−2</span>. Average particle concentration in sea ice (40mg l<span class=\"sup\">−1</span>) was much higher than in sea water (0.8 mg l<span class=\"sup\">−1</span>) or in new snow, but the sediment load was significantly smaller and of finer texture compared to that observed in a shelfal source area after a major entrainment event. About 30% of the sediment consisted of small pellets. Mud in pellets has similar texture, clay minerals and organic/inorganic carbon content as dispersed mud. Particle sizes &lt;16μm dominate, sand is less than 1%, compared to as much as 8% in four samples obtained in 1971 and 1972. Organic carbon content is about 2%, illite dominates clay minerals (~50%), and diatoms suggest a shelf sediment source. From the prevalence of wind-reworked surficial deposits, the spotty occurrence of only small patches of turbid ice in old clean ice, and the virtual lack of sand-size material, we assume the sediment had drifted at least 2 years since entrainment and was distant from its source. Assuming one-third of the load is released each year, the estimated deposition rate would equal the measured Holocene rate (~2cm 1000year<span class=\"sup\">−1</span>). Therefore, modern sea-ice rafting represents a substantial fraction of the total Arctic Ocean sediment budget.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0022143000015823","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Barnes, P.W., and Weber, W.S., 1993, Particulate matter in pack ice of the Beaufort Gyre: Journal of Glaciology, v. 39, no. 131, p. 186-198, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000015823.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480301,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000015823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7533e4b0c8380cd77a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, W. S.","contributorId":9774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018327,"text":"70018327 - 1993 - Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite: Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate adsorption and coprecipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:05:12","indexId":"70018327","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite: Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate adsorption and coprecipitation","docAbstract":"<p>The kinetics of As(V) adsorption by ferrihydrite was investigated in coprecipitation and postsynthesis adsorption experiments conducted in the pH range 7.5-9.0. In coprecipitation experiments, As(V) was present in solution during the hydrolysis and precipitation of iron. In adsorption experiments, a period of rapid (&lt;5 min) As(V) uptake from solution was followed by continued uptake for at least eight days, as As(V) diffused to adsorption sites on ferrihydrite surfaces within aggregates of colloidal particles. The time dependence of As(V) adsorption is well described by a general model for diffusion into a sphere if a subset of surface sites located near the exterior of aggregates is assumed to attain adsorptive equilibrium rapidly. The kinetics of As(V) desorption after an increase in pH were also consistent with diffusion as a rate-limiting process. Aging of pure ferrihydrite prior to As(V) adsorption caused a decrease in adsorption sites on the precipitate owing to crystallite growth. In coprecipitation experiments, the initial As(V) uptake was significantly greater than in post-synthesis adsorption experiments, and the rate of uptake was not diffusion limited because As(V) was coordinated by surface sites before crystallite growth and coagulation processes could proceed. After the initial adsorption, As(V) was slowly released from coprecipitates for at least one month, as crystallite growth caused desorption of As(V). Adsorption densities as high as 0.7 mole As(V) per mole of Fe were measured in coprecipitates, in comparison to 0.25 mole As(V) per mole of Fe in post-synthesis adsorption experiments. Despite the high Concentration of As(V) in the precipitates, EXAFS spectroscopy (Waychunas et al., 1993) showed that neither ferric arsenate nor any other As-bearing surface precipitate or solid solution was formed. The high adsorption densities are possible because the ferrihydrite particles are extremely small, approaching the size of small dioctahedral chains at the highest As(V) adsorption density. The results suggest that the solid solution model proposed by Fox (1989, 1992) for control of arsenate and phosphate concentrations in natural waters may be invalid.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90568-H","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Dadis, J., and Waychunas, G., 1993, Surface chemistry of ferrihydrite: Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate adsorption and coprecipitation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 10, p. 2271-2282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90568-H.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2271","endPage":"2282","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f98e4b08c986b31e6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadis, J.A.","contributorId":75288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waychunas, G.A.","contributorId":90888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018324,"text":"70018324 - 1993 - Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen inflow rates and concentrations of organic compounds on the collection of representative ground-water-quality samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:02:52","indexId":"70018324","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen inflow rates and concentrations of organic compounds on the collection of representative ground-water-quality samples","docAbstract":"Because a water sample collected from a well is an integration of water from different depths along the well screen, measured concentrations can be biased if analyte concentrations are not uniform along the length of the well screen. The resulting concentration in the sample, therefore, is a function of variations in well-screen inflow rate and analyte concentration with depth. A multiport sampler with seven short screened intervals was designed and used to investigate small-scale vertical variations in water chemistry and aquifer hydraulic conductivity in ground water contaminated by leaded gasoline at Galloway Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey. The multiport samplers were used to collect independent samples from seven intervals within the screened zone that were flow-rate weighted and integrated to simulate a 5-foot-long, 2.375-inch- outside-diameter conventional wire-wound screen. The integration of the results of analyses of samples collected from two multiport samplers showed that a conventional 5-foot-long well screen would integrate contaminant concentrations over its length and resulted in an apparent contaminant concentration that was a little as 28 percent of the maximum concentration observed in the multiport sampler.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01812.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Brown, G.A., Turner, K.S., MacLeod, C., Jelinski, J., and Koehnlein, S.A., 1993, Effects of small-scale vertical variations in well-screen inflow rates and concentrations of organic compounds on the collection of representative ground-water-quality samples: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 2, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01812.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d0e4b0c8380cd51850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G. Allan","contributorId":29788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Kenneth S.","contributorId":80966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacLeod, Cecilia L.","contributorId":62250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Cecilia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jelinski, James","contributorId":82184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelinski","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koehnlein, Susan A.","contributorId":80550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehnlein","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018320,"text":"70018320 - 1993 - Estimation of water-filled and air-filled porosity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018320","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of water-filled and air-filled porosity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"The responses of density and dielectric logs are formulated in terms if the matrix properties, air-filled porosity and water-filled porosity. Porosity values obtained from logs from borehole USW G-2 are in reasonable agreement with estimates from core determinations.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 1993, Estimation of water-filled and air-filled porosity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 949-954.","startPage":"949","endPage":"954","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bbee4b0c8380cd52869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018295,"text":"70018295 - 1993 - Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018295","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","docAbstract":"The revised map for the potentiometric surface of the uppermost saturated zone in Tertiary volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is based mainly on 1988 water levels. Refinement of the water-level corrections has increased understanding of the area immediately east-southeast and hydrologically downgradient of Yucca Mountain. This small-gradient area is a nearly horizontal surface which corresponds to the likely direction of ground-water flow from Yucca Mountain - east-southeast. To the west of Yucca Mountain, water levels are approximately 45 m higher than those in the small-gradient area, and to the east of the northern part of Yucca Mountain water levels are approximately 300 m higher than those in the small-gradient area. Water levels are higher to the west of Yucca Mountain apparently because of a barrier to ground-water flow formed by the Solitario Canyon fault and a splay of the fault, and water levels are higher to the north apparently because of a semi-perched ground-water system.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Ervin, E.M., Luckey, R.R., and Burkhardt, D., 1993, Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1554-1558.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1558","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ed8e4b08c986b31e18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ervin, E. M.","contributorId":76782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, D.J.","contributorId":53398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018292,"text":"70018292 - 1993 - Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018292","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"To analyze infiltration and the redistribution of moisture in alluvial deposits at Yucca Mountain, water content profiles at a 13.5 m deep borehole were measured at monthly intervals using a neutron moisture probe. Increases in water content to a maximum depth of 1.8 m in response to winter season precipitation were noted. Below a depth of 1.8 m, a gradual drying trend was indicated. A simulation study showed that, although small amounts of water may be percolating through the deep nonwetted ones of the profile, the influence of climatic variability on infiltration through thick alluvial deposits at Yucca Mountain is greatly mitigated by evapotranspiration.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Hevesi, J.A., and Flint, A.L., 1993, Influence of seasonal climatic variability on shallow infiltration at Yucca Mountain, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 122-131.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b78e4b0c8380cd62565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018279,"text":"70018279 - 1993 - U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","docAbstract":"During the late 1960's, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Water Resources Division (WRD) developed the Helley-Smith bedload sampler. Since then, the USGS and the Technical Committee of the Federal Interagency Subcommittee on Sedimentation (Technical Committee) have performed extensive flume and field studies concerning the calibration and use of bedload samplers. The policy and guidelines described in this paper are the results of this effort and are the current USGS policy and guidelines for the collection of bedload data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., 1993, U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 701-706.","startPage":"701","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbaa0e4b08c986b328281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018278,"text":"70018278 - 1993 - Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018278","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh","docAbstract":"To determine the timing of and driving forces for sediment suspension and deposition and the effect of impoundment, three self-recording instrument packages were deployed in a section of Louisiana marsh. Two of the packages went into an impoundment and one into an adjacent open, or control, area. A data logger in the package controlled sensors to measure water level, velocity, salinity, and temperature and suspended sediment concentration. At one impoundment site and the control site, weather stations recorded wind speed and direction. This paper describes and discusses the results.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"087262918X","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., 1993, Short-term water and suspended-sediment fluctuations in a Louisiana marsh, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 1, New Orleans, LA, USA, 19 July 1993 through 23 July 1993, p. 220-229.","startPage":"220","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ecae4b08c986b318b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018246,"text":"70018246 - 1993 - Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018246","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","docAbstract":"Analytical and numerical solutions are employed to examine the concentration history of a dissolved substance in water pumped from a leaky aquifer. Many aquifer systems are characterized by stratification, for example, a sandy layer overlain by a clay layer. To obtain information about separate hydrogeologic units, aquifer pumping tests are often conducted with a well penetrating only one of the layers. When the initial concentration distribution is also stratified (the concentration varies with elevation only), the concentration breakthrough in the pumped well may be interpreted to provide information on aquifer hydraulic and transport properties. To facilitate this interpretation, we present some simple analytical and numerical solutions for limiting cases and illustrate their application to a fractured bedrock/glacial drift aquifer system where the solute of interest is dissolved radon gas. In addition to qualitative information on water source, this method may yield estimates of effective porosity and saturated thickness (or fracture transport aperture) from a single-hole test. Little information about dispersivity is obtained because the measured concentration is not significantly affected by dispersion in the aquifer.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Hsieh, P.A., Shapiro, A.M., Wood, W., and Kraemer, T.F., 1993, Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 29-35.","startPage":"29","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97de4b0c8380cd4d627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":378994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":378996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018245,"text":"70018245 - 1993 - Interaction of rising frazil with suspended particles: Tank experiments with applications to nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T15:11:32.568458","indexId":"70018245","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction of rising frazil with suspended particles: Tank experiments with applications to nature","docAbstract":"<p>Widespread occurrence of sediment-laden (turbid) sea ice and high concentrations of diatoms and foraminifers in ice have recently been reported from both polar regions. Many possible mechanisms of particle entrainment into ice have been postulated, among which scavenging by rising frazil ice and nucleation or adhesion of ice onto suspended particles appear to be the most likely ones. No reliable experimental data on the mechanisms, however, are available. Because of the importance of turbid ice for sediment transport, tanks for laboratory-scale experiments were constructed, in which frazil crystals produced at the base were monitored rising through water column laden with various types of particulate matter, including plankton. Observations made in salt water are reported here.</p><p>Over a distance of 1.5 m, frazil &lt; 1 mm in diameter grew to crystals or flocs several cm in diameter, rising at average velocities of 2 to 3 cm/s. Rise velocities were a function of frazil size, but varied greatly due to interactions of ice particles of different size and velocity and the resulting turbulence. Sand-size particles could be either trapped permanently by rising frazil, or were temporarily supported and again released. With live plankton, a several-fold enrichment of ice occurred, suggesting that their irregular shapes or appendages were caught by ice flocs. Diatom- and foram tests were also relatively effectively trapped. The concentration of silt- and clay-size terrigenous detritus in frazil tended to increase relative to the water. We found no preferential sorting by ice in this size range. Various kinds of evidence showed that ice does not nucleate onto foreign particles, and has no adhesive properties. Foreign material resided in the interstices of crystal aggregates, and particles denser than water could be released by agitation, suggesting that scavenging is a mechanical process. With rising frazil, the settling of particulate matter therefore is either retarded or reversed, resulting in a net upward sediment flux and a sediment-laden ice cover from this process of suspension freezing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90002-P","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Clayton, J.R., Kempema, E., Payne, J.R., and Weber, W.S., 1993, Interaction of rising frazil with suspended particles: Tank experiments with applications to nature: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 117-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90002-P.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cb7e4b0c8380cd62f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J. R.","contributorId":34669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempema, E. W.","contributorId":105314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempema","given":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, J. R.","contributorId":43508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, W. S.","contributorId":9774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187904,"text":"70187904 - 1993 - Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T20:31:22","indexId":"70187904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Existing knowledge on high-seas and coastal gillnet fisheries known to kill seabirds in the North Pacific is summarized. Recent estimates suggest that high-seas gillnet fisheries may have taken more than 500,000 seabirds in 1990. The majority of birds taken in those fisheries were Sooty <i>Puffinus griseus </i>or Short-tailed <i>P. tenuirostris</i> shearwaters. A recent analysis of impacts of those fisheries suggests that both shearwater populations may be declining slightly, although overall populations remain large. Impacts on seabirds of gillnet fishing in coastal waters are poorly known, except in California. Incidental mortality of seabirds in coastal gillnet fisheries may be adding additional stress to populations already compromised by habitat destruction and oil spills. Local populations of Marbled Murrelets <i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>, Common Murres <i>Uria aalge</i>, and Japanese Murrelets <i>Synthliboramphus wumizusume</i> may be particularly vulnerable to coastal gillnet fisheries. United National General Assembly Resolution 44/225 called for a moratorium on high-seas gillnet fishing by 30 June 1992. Japan has complied and Korea and Taiwan will comply with the moratorium.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Day, R.H., Takekawa, J.E., and Mendenhall, V.M., 1993, Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific, <i>in</i> The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 204-211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pacificseabirdgroup.org/psg-publications/symposia/the-status-ecology-and-conservation-of-marine-birds-of-the-north-pacific/"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695940,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, Vivian M.","contributorId":98405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017348,"text":"70017348 - 1993 - Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017348","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations","docAbstract":"An analysis of recent telescopic observations of Callisto results in new insights regarding spectral variations from the leading to the trailing hemisphere of Callisto. Examination of data in the wavelength range from 2.0 to 2.5 ??m indicates that previous suggestions of spectral differences are most likely the result of experimental uncertainty or error. Slight variations in the slope of this wavelength range are consistent with larger ice grain sizes on the trailing hemisphere. The new observations confirm the presence of an absorption feature centered on 3.4 ??m in the spectrum of the leading hemisphere. Theoretical spectral modeling indicates this feature is caused by small amounts of fine-grained water ice. Finally, an absorption feature near 3.1 ??m is indicated but cannot be confirmed due to the strong variation in the spectrum of water ice in this region. If this feature is real, rather than an artifact of the reflectance modeling, it is similar in location and bandwidth to a feature seen in the spectrum of Ceres, attributed to NH4-bearing clays. ?? 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1993.1083","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Clark, R.N., 1993, Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations: Icarus, v. 104, no. 1, p. 69-78, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1993.1083.","startPage":"69","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205596,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1993.1083"},{"id":225064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9534e4b08c986b31adc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}