Land management decisions need context about how landscapes will respond to different circumstances or actions. As ecologists’ understanding of nonlinear ecological dynamics has evolved into state-and-transition models (STMs), they have put more emphasis on defining and mapping the soil, geomorphological, and climate parameters that mediate these dynamics. The US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ecological site descriptions (ESDs) have become the foremost system in classifying lands into ecological units based on STMs. However, an exhaustive inventory of ESDs has proved challenging to complete in the United States, and there have been questions about the consistency of detail in areas completed and the ability to objectively support some assertions made in existing ESDs. To address these issues, this study examines ESDs in the diverse Upper Colorado River region, where ESDs are only partially complete, to look at quantitative approaches to generalizing ecological site concepts based on unifying underlying soil, geomorphology, and climate patterns. Using existing ESDs and vegetation monitoring plot data, results show that a simple hierarchical soil geomorphic unit (SGU) framework based on topographic mediation of moisture, soil salinity, soil depth, slope, rock content, and soil texture can represent much of the ecological dynamics cataloged in ESDs. Analyses of reference plant production data, ecological state attribution, and regional monitoring data show that the new SGUs represent more variation than common climate parameters. This study also included predictively mapping SGUs at 30-m resolution (Kappa of 0.53, 74% agreement with top two predictions in validation). An optimized combination of SGUs with climate zones derived from an aridity index and maximum temperature of the hottest month resulted in an ecological site group framework that condensed over 826 unique ecological site records at various stages of completeness in the regional soil survey down to 35 intuitive and mappable ecological site groups.
Cyanobacteria can produce numerous secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) with various toxicities, yet data on cyanotoxins in many lakes are limited. Moreover, little research is available on complex relations among cyanobacteria that produce toxins. Therefore, we studied cyanobacteria and 19 cyanotoxins at three sites with recurring blooms in Kabetogama Lake (USA). Seven of 19 toxins were detected in various combinations. Anabaenopeptin A and B were detected in every sample. Microcystin-YR was detected more frequently than microcystin-LR, unlike other lakes in the region. Microcystin-YR concentrations, however, generally were low; two samples exceeded drinking water guidelines and no samples exceeded recreational guidelines. Anabaenopeptins correlated with six cyanobacterial taxa, most of which lack available literature on peptide production. The potential toxin producing cyanobacteria, Microcystis, was significantly correlated to microcystin-YR. Pseudanabaena sp. and Synechococcus sp. had strong negative correlations with several toxins that may indicate competition or stress between organisms. Non-metric multidimensional scaling identified three cyanobacterial pairs that may reflect symbiotic or antagonistic relations. This study highlights interactions among cyanobacteria and multiple cyanotoxins and the methods used may be useful for uncovering additional patterns in cyanobacteria communities in other systems, leading to further understanding of how those interactions lead to toxin production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V., Olds, H., Norland, J.E., and Khan, E., 2022, Phytoplankton community interactions and cyanotoxin mixtures in three recurring surface blooms within one lake: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 427, 128142, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128142.","productDescription":"128142, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128039","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Kabetogama Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.4105166936892\n ],\n [\n -92.779541015625,\n 48.4105166936892\n ],\n [\n -92.779541015625,\n 48.537977131982025\n ],\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.537977131982025\n ],\n [\n -93.11805725097656,\n 48.4105166936892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"427","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria 0000-0003-4166-7461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":220548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olds, Hayley T. 0000-0002-6701-6459 htemplar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6459","contributorId":5002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olds","given":"Hayley T.","email":"htemplar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":831206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norland, Jack E.","contributorId":214257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norland","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39001,"text":"School of Natural Resources Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, Eakalak","contributorId":220550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Eakalak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40182,"text":"University of Nevada Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70227357,"text":"70227357 - 2022 - Mapped predictions of manganese and arsenic in an alluvial aquifer using boosted regression trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T14:36:19.096668","indexId":"70227357","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-24T07:09:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapped predictions of manganese and arsenic in an alluvial aquifer using boosted regression trees","docAbstract":"Manganese (Mn) concentrations and the probability of arsenic (As) exceeding the drinking-water standard of 10 μg/L were predicted in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) using boosted regression trees (BRT). BRT, a type of ensemble-tree machine-learning model, were created using predictor variables that affect Mn and As distribution in groundwater. These variables included iron (Fe) concentrations and specific conductance predicted from previously developed BRT models, groundwater flux and age estimates from MODFLOW, and hydrologic characteristics. The models also included results from the first airborne geophysical survey conducted in the United States to target an entire aquifer system. Predictions of high Mn and As occurred where Fe was high. Predicted high Mn concentrations were correlated with fraction of young groundwater (less than 65 years) computed from MODFLOW results. High probabilities of As exceedance were predicted where groundwater was relatively old and airborne electromagnetic resistivity was high, typically proximal to streams. Two-variable partial-dependence plots and sensitivity analysis were used to provide insight into the factors controlling Mn and As distribution in groundwater. The maps of predicted Mn concentrations and As exceedance probabilities can be used to identify areas where these constituents may be high, and that could be targeted for further study. This paper shows that incorporation of a selected set of process-informed data, such as MODFLOW results and airborne geophysics, into a machine-learning model improves model interpretability. Incorporation of process-rich information into machine-learning models will likely be useful for addressing a wide range of problems of interest to groundwater hydrologists.
Freshwater scarcity has raised concerns about the long-term availability of the water supplies within the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. Analysis of legacy temperature data and groundwater flux estimates indicates that the region’s known geothermal systems may contribute more than 45,000 tons of dissolved solids per year to the shallow aquifer system, with around 8500 tons of dissolved solids being delivered from localized groundwater upflow zones within those geothermal systems. If this salinity flux is steady and eventually flows into the Rio Grande, it could account for 22% of the typical average annual cumulative Rio Grande salinity that leaves the basin each year—this salinity proportion could be much greater in times of low streamflow. Regional water level mapping indicates upwelling brackish waters flow towards the Rio Grande and the southern part of the Mesilla portion of the basin with some water intercepted by wells in Las Cruces and northern Chihuahua. Upwelling waters ascend from depths greater than 1 km with focused flow along fault zones, uplifted bedrock, and/or fractured igneous intrusions. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of using heat as a groundwater tracer to identify salinity sources and further informs stakeholders on the presence of several brackish upflow zones that could notably degrade the quality of international water supplies in this developed drought-stricken region.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w14010033","usgsCitation":"Pepin, J.D., Robertson, A.J., and Kelley, S.A., 2022, Salinity contributions from geothermal waters to the Rio Grande and shallow aquifer system in the transboundary Mesilla (United States)/Conejos-Médanos (Mexico) Basin: Water, v. 14, 33, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010033.","productDescription":"33, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130212","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chuhuahua, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 32.9257074887604\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 32.9257074887604\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pepin, Jeff D. 0000-0002-7410-9979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9979","contributorId":222161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepin","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2130-0347 ajrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-0347","contributorId":4129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Andrew","email":"ajrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, Shari A.","contributorId":216179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Shari","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227402,"text":"70227402 - 2022 - Improving groundwater model calibration with repeat microgravity measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-13T14:37:28.20751","indexId":"70227402","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T06:52:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving groundwater model calibration with repeat microgravity measurements","docAbstract":"Groundwater-flow models depend on hydraulic head and flux observations for evaluation and calibration. A different type of observation—change in storage measured using repeat microgravity—can also be used for parameter estimation by simulating the expected change in gravity from a groundwater model and including the observation misfit in the objective function. The method is demonstrated using new software linked to MODFLOW input and output files and field data from the vicinity of the All American Canal in southeast California, USA. Over a 10-year period following lining of the previously highly permeable canal with concrete, gravity decreased by over 100 μGal (equivalent to about 2.5 m of free-standing water) at some locations as seepage decreased and the remnant groundwater mound dissipated into the aquifer or was removed by groundwater pumping. Simulated gravity from a MODFLOW model closely matched observations, and repeat microgravity data proved useful for constraining both hydraulic conductivity and specific yield estimates. Specific yield estimated using the infinite-horizontal slab approximation agreed well with model-derived values, and the departure from the linear, flat-water-table approximation was small, less than 2%, despite relatively large and dynamic water-table slope. First-order second-moment parameter uncertainty analysis shows reduction in uncertainty for all hydraulic conductivity and specific yield parameter estimates with the addition of repeat microgravity data, as compared to drawdown data alone.
Because the amount of available ground‐motion data has increased over the last decades, the need for automated processing algorithms has also increased. One difficulty with automated processing is to screen clipped records. Clipping occurs when the ground‐motion amplitude exceeds the dynamic range of the linear response of the instrument. Clipped records in which the amplitude exceeds the dynamic range are relatively easy to identify visually yet challenging for automated algorithms. In this article, we seek to identify a reliable and fully automated clipping detection algorithm tailored to near‐real‐time earthquake response needs. We consider multiple alternative algorithms, including (1) an algorithm based on the percentage difference in adjacent data points, (2) the standard deviation of the data within a moving window, (3) the shape of the histogram of the recorded amplitudes, (4) the second derivative of the data, and (5) the amplitude of the data. To quantitatively compare these algorithms, we construct development and holdout datasets from earthquakes across a range of geographic regions, tectonic environments, and instrument types. We manually classify each record for the presence of clipping and use the classified records. We then develop an artificial neural network model that combines all the individual algorithms. Testing on the holdout dataset, the standard deviation and histogram approaches are the most accurate individual algorithms, with an overall accuracy of about 93%. The combined artificial neural network method yields an overall accuracy of 95%, and the choice of classification threshold can balance precision and recall.
Distinguishing between seismic and aseismic fault slip in the geologic record is difficult, yet fundamental to estimating the seismic potential of faults and the likelihood of multi-fault ruptures. We integrated chirp sub-bottom imaging with targeted cross-fault coring and core analyses of sedimentary proxy data to characterize vertical deformation and slip behavior within an extensional fault bend along the Hayward-Rodgers Creek fault system in northern San Pablo Bay. We identified and traced four key seismic horizons (R1–R4), all younger than approximately 1400 CE, that cross the fault and extend throughout the basin. A stratigraphic age model was developed using detailed down-core radiocarbon and radioisotope dating combined with measurements of anthropogenic metal concentrations. The onset of hydraulic mining within the Sierra Nevada in 1852 CE left a clear geochemical and magnetic signature within core samples. This key time horizon was used to calculate a local reservoir correction and reduce uncertainty in radiocarbon age calibration and models. Vertical fault offset of strata younger than the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake on the Hayward fault in 1868 CE suggest near-surface vertical creep is occurring along the fault in northern San Pablo Bay at a rate of approximately 0.4 mm/yr. In addition, we present evidence of at least one and possibly two coseismic events associated with growth strata above horizons R1 and R2, with median event ages estimated to be 1400 CE and 1800 CE, respectively. The timing of both these events overlaps with paleoseismic events on adjacent fault sections, suggesting the possibility of multi-fault rupture.
We consider the future of volcano observatories in a world where new satellite technologies and global data initiatives have greatly expanded over the last two decades. Observatories remain the critical tie between the decision-making authorities and monitoring data. In the coming decade, the global scientific community needs to continue to collaborate in a manner that will strengthen volcano observatories while building those databases and scientific models that allow us to improve forecasts of eruptions and mitigate their impacts. Observatories in turn need to contribute data to allow these international collaborations to prosper.
Epikarst estuary response to hydroclimate change remains poorly understood, despite the well-studied link between climate and karst groundwater aquifers. The influence of sea-level rise and coastal geomorphic change on these estuaries obscures climate signals, thus requiring careful development of paleoenvironmental histories to interpret the paleoclimate archives. We used foraminifera assemblages, carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) and carbon:nitrogen (C:N) mass ratios of organic matter in sediment cores to infer environmental changes over the past 5300 years in Celestun Lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico. Specimens (> 125 µm) from modern core top sediments revealed three assemblages: (1) a brackish mangrove assemblage of agglutinated Miliammina and Ammotium taxa and hyaline Haynesina (2) an inner-shelf marine assemblage of Bolivina, Hanzawaia, and Rosalina, and (3) a brackish assemblage dominated by Ammonia and Elphidium. Assemblages changed along the lagoon channel in response to changes in salinity and vegetation, i.e. seagrass and mangrove. In addition to these three foraminifera assemblages, lagoon sediments deposited since 5300 cal yr BP are comprised of two more assemblages, defined by Archaias and Laevipeneroplis, which indicate marine Thalassia seagrasses, and Trichohyalus, which indicates restricted inland mangrove ponds. Our data suggest that Celestun Lagoon displayed four phases of development: (1) an inland mangrove pond (5300 BP) (2) a shallow unprotected coastline with marine seagrass and barrier island initiation (4900 BP) (3) a protected brackish lagoon (3000 BP), and (4) a protected lagoon surrounded by mangroves (1700 BP). Stratigraphic (temporal) changes in core assemblages resemble spatial differences in communities across the modern lagoon, from the southern marine sector to the northern brackish region. Similar temporal patterns have been reported from other Yucatan Peninsula lagoons and from cenotes (Nichupte, Aktun Ha), suggesting a regional coastal response to sea level rise and climate change, including geomorphic controls (longshore drift) on lagoon salinity, as observed today. Holocene barrier island development progressively protected the northwest Yucatan Peninsula coastline, reducing mixing between seawater and rain-fed submarine groundwater discharge. Superimposed on this geomorphic signal, assemblage changes that are observed reflect the most severe regional wet and dry climate episodes, which coincide with paleoclimate records from lowland lake archives (Chichancanab, Salpeten). Our results emphasize the need to consider coastal geomorphic evolution when using epikarst estuary and lagoon sediment archives for paleoclimate reconstruction and provide evidence of hydroclimate changes on the Yucatan Peninsula.
Demand for critical raw materials is expected to accelerate over the next few decades due to continued population growth and the shifting consumption patterns of the global economy. Sedimentary basins are important sources for critical raw materials and new discoveries of sediment–hosted Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) and/or clastic–dominated (CD) Zn–Pb deposits are likely required to mitigate future supply chain disruptions for Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Ga, Ge, Sb, and In. Herein we integrate public geoscience datasets using a discrete global grid to system to model the mineral potential for MVT and CD deposits across Canada, the United States of America, and Australia. Statistical analysis of the model results demonstrates that surface–wave tomography and derivative products from satellite gravity datasets can be used to map the most favourable paleo–tectonic settings of MVT and CD deposits inboard of orogenic belts and at the rifted edges of cratonic lithosphere, respectively. Basin development at pre–existing crustal boundaries was likely important for maintaining the low geothermal–gradients that are favourable for metal transport and generating the crustal fluid pathways that were reactivated during ore–formation, as suggested by the statistical association of both sediment–hosted mineral deposit types with the edges of upward–continued gravity and long–wavelength magnetic anomalies. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrates that the most prospective combination of these geophysical datasets varies for each geological region and deposit type. We further demonstrate that maximum and minimum geological ages, coupled with Phanerozoic paleogeographic reconstructions, represent mappable proxies for the availability of oxidized, brine–generating regions that are the most likely source of ore–forming fluids (e.g., low– to mid–latitude carbonate platforms and evaporites). Ore deposition was likely controlled by interaction between oxidized, low–temperature brines and sulfidic and/or carbonaceous rocks, which, in some cases, can be mapped at the exposed surface or identified using the available rock descriptions. Baseline weights–of–evidence models are based on regional geophysics and are the least impacted by missing surface information but yield relatively poor results, as demonstrated by the low area–under–the–curve (AUC) for the spatially independent test set on the success–rate plot (AUC = 0.787 for MVT and AUC = 0.870 for CD). Model performance can be improved by: (1) using advanced methods that were trained and validated during a series of semi–automated machine learning competitions; and/or (2) incorporating geological and geophysical datasets that are proxies for each component of the mineral system. The best–performing gradient boosting machine models yield higher AUC for the test set (AUC = 0.983 for MVT and AUC = 0.991 for CD) and reduce the search space by >94%. The model results highlight the potential benefits of mapping sediment–hosted mineral systems at continental scale to improve mineral exploration targeting for critical raw materials.
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Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70227169,"text":"70227169 - 2022 - Mapping biological soil crusts in a Hawaiian dryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T16:13:56.915375","indexId":"70227169","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-16T11:18:58","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping biological soil crusts in a Hawaiian dryland","docAbstract":"Historical and ongoing land use patterns in the Hawaiian Islands have degraded the Islands’ drylands, causing erosion and detrimentally affecting adjacent coastal marine ecosystems. Biological soil crust (biocrust) communities have been shown to increase soil stability in drylands worldwide, but their efficacy in mitigating soil erosion in Hawaiian drylands is largely unknown. Using a combination of field data and imagery collected by small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), we mapped biocrusts and examined their influence on soil stability in the Kawaihae watershed, an erosion-prone dryland on leeward Hawai`i Island. We created classified maps of biocrust cover from imagery collected at three spatial resolutions (1.2, 2.1 and 2.8 cm/pixel) using the pixel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and investigated the impacts of spatial resolution and biocrust level of development on classification accuracy. Our medium (2.1 cm) resolution image produced the highest overall classification accuracy when biocrust was treated as a single class (82.1%). We explored the spatial impacts of biocrusts on soil loss via sUAS-derived measurements of elevation change over a four-year time span. We found differences in soil loss among land cover types, but robustly quantifying these was a challenge, as much of the change fell below statistically significant limits of detection. We investigated the relationship between biocrust development and soil stability by conducting soil aggregate stability testing at the three biocrust levels of development (LODs) present at the study site. We found a significant increase in soil stability from soils without surface biocrusts (LOD score of 0) to those with biocrusts at any development level (LOD 1–3). Our research adds to the body of biocrust knowledge by presenting new information about biocrust distribution and soil stabilization capabilities in Hawaiian drylands. We also provide insights into the trade-offs between spatial resolution and classification accuracy for biocrust classification and land cover analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2021.2003904","usgsCitation":"Collier, E., Perroy, R.L., Reed, S., and Price, J.P., 2022, Mapping biological soil crusts in a Hawaiian dryland: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 43, no. 2, p. 484-509, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2021.2003904.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"509","ipdsId":"IP-130150","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.698486328125,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -156.33544921875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collier, Eszter","contributorId":270734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collier","given":"Eszter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56202,"text":"University of Hawai’i, Hilo, Biological Sciences Department, Hilo, HI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perroy, Ryan L. 0000-0002-4210-3281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-3281","contributorId":205505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perroy","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37113,"text":"University of Hawaii - Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Jon P","contributorId":270735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":56203,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226875,"text":"70226875 - 2022 - Using fish community and population indicators to assess the biological condition of streams and rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T12:06:31.635434","indexId":"70226875","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-16T08:59:49","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using fish community and population indicators to assess the biological condition of streams and rivers of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","docAbstract":"The development of indicators to assess relative freshwater condition is critical for management and conservation. 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Community analyses included metrics describing composition, tolerances, habitat preferences, and functional traits of fish communities whereas species-level analyses consisted of distribution models for key sensitive and gamefish species. For community analyses, a final index was calculated as the average of selected metric deciles with higher scores inferring less biologically altered (i.e., better) conditions, providing an alternative to using reference sites. For species analyses, species occurrence was predicted for stream reaches, with presence indicating suitable habitat. Uncertainty was calculated for both approaches using model prediction intervals. Results indicated different numbers of suitable metrics for each region, with most in the Northern Appalachian (15) and least in the Southern Appalachian Piedmont (3). Four species (three sensitive) were suitable for modeling. At the CBW scale, predictions did not vary greatly among deciles for the community or species analyses for 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. Most stream reaches did not vary in mean decile rank or in species occurrence between 2001 and 2016; however, the largest community changes occurred in large rivers in the Coastal Plains ecoregion and the largest species occurrence changes occurred in Torrent Suckers in medium-sized rivers. When compared, results from community analyses agreed for one sensitive species (Brook Trout) but not the other three, potentially due to regionally inappropriate tolerance assignment. Comparisons also demonstrated substantial variation among approaches suggesting a lack of redundancy. While each approach traditionally has its targeted audience and respective strengths and weaknesses, concurrent use of these approaches permits direct comparisons and may assuage shortcomings of each approach when considered separately.
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0000-0002-7656-8474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-8474","contributorId":219320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Wesley M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gressler, Benjamin P. 0000-0001-6639-8558","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-8558","contributorId":270167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gressler","given":"Benjamin","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieferich, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1554-7992 dwieferich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-7992","contributorId":176205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieferich","given":"Daniel","email":"dwieferich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5069,"text":"Office of the AD Core Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70238958,"text":"70238958 - 2022 - Translational science education through citizen science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T14:45:01.797613","indexId":"70238958","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-14T08:34:46","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translational science education through citizen science","docAbstract":"Guided by the six elements of Translational Ecology (TE; i.e., decision-framing, collaboration, engagement, commitment, process, and communication), we showcase the first explicit example of a Translational Science Education (TSE) effort in the coastal redwood ecosystem of Humboldt County, CA. Using iNaturalist, a flexible and free citizen science/crowdsourcing app, we worked with students from grade school through college, and their teachers and community, to generate species lists for comparison among 19 school and non-profit locations spanning a range of urbanization. Importantly, this TSE effort resulted in both learning and data generation, highlighting the ability of a TSE framework to connect and benefit both students and researchers. Our data showed that, regardless of the age of the observers, holding organized BioBlitzes added substantially more species to local biodiversity lists than would have been generated without them. In support of current ecological theory, these data showed an urbanization gradient among sites, with rural sites containing fewer non-native species than urban ones. On the education side, qualitative assessments revealed students and educators remained engaged throughout the project. Future projects would also benefit by establishing quantifiable metrics for assessing student learning from project conception. Throughout the project, the fundamentals of TE were followed with repeated interactions and shared objectives developed over time within trusted community relationships. Such positive human interactions can lead new naturalists to think of themselves as champions of their local biodiversity (i.e., as land stewards). We anticipate that such newly empowered and locally expert naturalists will remain committed to land stewardship in perpetuity and that other scientists and educators are inspired to conduct similar work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433","usgsCitation":"Young, A.M., van Mantgem, E., Garretson, A., Noel, C., and Morelli, T.L., 2022, Translational science education through citizen science: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 9, 800433, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433.","productDescription":"800433, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134950","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.800433","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.77\n ],\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.7\n ],\n [\n -123.84181204127015,\n 40.7\n ],\n [\n -123.84181204127015,\n 40.77\n ],\n [\n -123.9,\n 40.77\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Allison M.","contributorId":300069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Mantgem, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":300070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Elizabeth F.","affiliations":[{"id":65009,"text":"Sequoia Park Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garretson, Alexis","contributorId":300071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garretson","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noel, Christine","contributorId":300072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noel","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65009,"text":"Sequoia Park Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228764,"text":"70228764 - 2022 - Multimineral petrophysics of thermally immature Eagle Ford Group and Cretaceous mudstones, U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 research wellbore in central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T13:26:34.530633","indexId":"70228764","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-14T07:23:41","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multimineral petrophysics of thermally immature Eagle Ford Group and Cretaceous mudstones, U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 research wellbore in central Texas","docAbstract":"Traditional petrophysical methods to evaluate organic richness and mineralogy using gamma-ray and resistivity log responses are not diagnostic in source rocks. We have developed a deterministic, nonproprietary method to quantify formation variability in total organic carbon (TOC) and three key mudrock mineralogical components of nonhydrocarbon-bearing source rock strata of the Eagle Ford Group by developing a set of log-derived multimineral models calibrated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy core data from the research borehole U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 West Woodway. We determined that bulk density response is a reliable indicator of organic content in these thermally immature, water-bearing source rocks. Multimineral findings indicate that a high degree of laminae-scale mineralogical heterogeneity exists due to thinly interbedded carbonate cements amid clay-rich mudstone layers. The lower part of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average TOC content (4.7 wt%) and the highest average carbonate volume (64.1 vol%), making it the optimal target in thermally mature areas for source-rock potential and hydraulic-fracture placement. In contrast, the uppermost portion of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average volume of clay minerals (42.6 vol%), which increases the potential for wellbore stability issues. Petrophysical characterization reveals that porosity is approximately 30% in this relatively uncompacted formation. In this thermally immature source rock, water saturation is nearly 100% and no free hydrocarbons were observed on the resistivity logs. No evidence of borehole ellipticity was observed on the three-arm caliper log, and horizontal stresses are presumed to be directionally uniform in the vicinity of this near-surface wellbore. This shallow wellbore has a temperature gradient of 1.87°F/100 ft (16.3°C/km) and is likely influenced by earth surface heating.
Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have displayed strong potential to improve model state and parameter estimation across several disciplines due to their computational efficiency, scalability, and ability to estimate uncertainty in the dynamic states and the parameters. However, a barrier to adoption of ensemble DA methods remains. Namely, there is currently a lack of available tools that enable efficient and scalable DA in a non-intrusive fashion and that support implementation flexibility. This paper presents an open-source software tool (PESTPP-DA) that implements a range of data assimilation methods—Ensemble Kalman filter, Ensemble Kalman Smoother and Ensemble Smoother—using the widely known PEST model-interface protocols, to interact with any model. Two iterative solutions can be used for nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian assimilation problems. To demonstrate the broad range of PESTPP-DA applications, two synthetic case studies are presented: (1) the Lorenz model and (2) a groundwater pumping test in the presence of a non-Gaussian hydraulic conductivity field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105284","usgsCitation":"Alzraiee, A.H., White, J., Knowling, M., Hunt, R., and Fienen, M., 2022, A scalable model-independent iterative data assimilation tool for sequential and batch estimation of high dimensional model parameters and states: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 150, 105284, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105284.","productDescription":"105284, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135009","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":248830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","affiliations":[{"id":50032,"text":"GNS New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowling, Matthew 0000-0002-7273-3495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-3495","contributorId":251904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowling","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36277,"text":"GNS Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":16118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":245632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226895,"text":"70226895 - 2022 - Parameterizing an aeolian erosion model for rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T12:28:08.433345","indexId":"70226895","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-13T06:26:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameterizing an aeolian erosion model for rangelands","docAbstract":"Aeolian processes are fundamental to arid and semi-arid ecosystems, but modeling approaches are poorly developed for assessing impacts of management and environmental change on sediment transport rates over meaningful spatial and temporal scales. For model estimates to provide value, estimates of sediment flux that encapsulate intra- and inter-annual and spatial variability are needed. Further, it is important to quantify and communicate transparent estimates of model uncertainty to users. Here, we present a wind erosion and dust emission model parameterized for rangelands using a Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation framework. Modeled horizontal sediment flux was calibrated using data from five diverse grassland and shrubland sites from the USDA National Wind Erosion Research Network. Observations of wind speed, vegetation height, length of gaps between vegetation, and percent bare ground were used as model inputs. Horizontal sediment flux estimates from 10,000 independently selected parameter sets were compared to flux observations from 44 ∼ month-long collection periods to calculate a likelihood measure for each model. Results show good agreement for individual sampling periods across sites with few observations falling outside prediction bounds and a one-to-one relationship between median predictions and observations. Additionally, combined distributions of sediment flux estimates from all sample periods for a given site closely approximated the probability of observing a given flux at that site. These results suggest AERO effectively represents temporal variability in aeolian transport rates at rangeland sites and provides robust assessments suitable for assessing land health and better predicting changes in air quality and the impacts of land management activities.
Angler tag-return studies are a cornerstone of fisheries research, providing insights into individual movements and estimates of exploitation, among many other applications. However, the data generated from these studies is dependent upon effective communication between anglers and scientists. As technological advances are adopted by anglers, little research has been directed at the potential benefits of incorporating modern tag reporting methods. We tagged stream-dwelling black bass Micropterus spp. and provided anglers a choice of reporting methods (telephone, email, iNaturalist app, or a “mixed-mode” combination thereof). Our objectives were to examine the fate of reported fish, quantify trends in data quality across reporting methods, and explore how geographic location and angler avidity may influence use of reporting methods. Ninety-four percent of tag reports involved the release of the fish with the tag still intact, creating opportunities for longer-term data collection. Telephone was the most commonly used reporting method; however, this method had significantly lower completeness scores (e.g., lack of photographs or specifying fate of fish) and less precise location information than other methods. In contrast, iNaturalist had the highest completeness and most precise location information but was seldom used and had increased lag times in reporting. We found no significant differences in the proportion of reporting methods used across stream locations in our study, and avid anglers appeared to be individualistic in their choice of method. Overall, our study suggests that the adoption of modern reporting methods, like email and smartphone apps, could benefit data collection efforts of angler tag-return studies. Fisheries scientists may wish to consider which reporting methods align with their specific study objectives and with the angling public of a given study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10738","usgsCitation":"Taylor, A., Pepper, A., Chapagain, B., Joshi, O., and Long, J.M., 2022, Modern reporting methods for angler tag-return studies:Trends in data quality, choice of method, and future considerations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 1, p. 189-199, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10738.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-131455","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Baron Fork, Caney Creek, Illinois River,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95,\n 36.333\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 35.666\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 35.666\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 36.333\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 36.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, A.T.","contributorId":286995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54572,"text":"University of Central Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepper, A.M.","contributorId":341695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pepper","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54572,"text":"University of Central Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapagain, B.","contributorId":280237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapagain","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joshi, O.","contributorId":280236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joshi","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255290,"text":"70255290 - 2022 - Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T13:59:50.755342","indexId":"70255290","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-11T08:52:14","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace","docAbstract":"Translocation is a management strategy that seeks to address threats to fish and wildlife populations by establishing new populations in ecologically suitable areas. Populations of Finescale Dace Chrosomus neogaeus in the Great Plains may benefit from translocation, as they exhibit a climate relict natural history that has led to a disjunct distribution and minimal dispersal opportunities. We assessed the translocation suitability of sites for Finescale Dace in the Belle Fourche River basin, Wyoming–South Dakota, using a ranking approach for output from multiple analyses. We used multivariate analysis to evaluate dissimilarity in fish occurrence and habitat between sites with and without Finescale Dace in contemporary surveys (2018–2019; n = 68). We further evaluated the capacity for sites to support Finescale Dace under base case and future climate change scenarios using the predicted probability of occurrence (P) from species distribution models (SDMs) fitted with basinwide fish occurrence data from surveys conducted in 2008–2019 (n = 124) and spatially continuous environmental variables, including forecasted stream temperature scenarios. Sites with Finescale Dace tended to occur close to standing waterbodies, contained emergent vegetation cover, and did not exhibit large overlap in species-space with either native or nonnative species. Predicted P of Finescale Dace exhibited nonlinear relationships with mean August stream temperature, channel slope, and base flow index. The amount of suitable habitat (i.e., high predicted P) declined with forecasted stream warming scenarios in the SDMs. This study highlights the utility of using field observations, historical data, and forecasted climate change scenarios to assess translocation site suitability and inform management of at-risk native fish populations, and the results may be transferable to other populations with limited data or restricted distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10348","usgsCitation":"Booher, E.C., and Walters, A.W., 2022, Identifying translocation sites for a climate relict population of Finescale Dace: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 151, no. 2, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10348.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-130982","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Belle Fourche River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.94329248147119\n ],\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.52690501428299\n ],\n [\n -103.23360960816484,\n 44.52690501428299\n ],\n [\n -103.23360960816484,\n 44.94329248147119\n ],\n [\n -104.52520825238925,\n 44.94329248147119\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booher, Evan C.J.","contributorId":339350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booher","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.J.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226846,"text":"70226846 - 2022 - What determines the effectiveness of Pinyon-Juniper clearing treatments? Evidence from the remote sensing archive and counter-factual scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T12:43:50.648799","indexId":"70226846","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-08T06:41:19","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What determines the effectiveness of Pinyon-Juniper clearing treatments? Evidence from the remote sensing archive and counter-factual scenarios","docAbstract":"In the intermountain western US, expansion of Pinyon (Pinus edulis) and Juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands (PJ) into grasslands and shrublands is a pervasive phenomenon, and an example of the global trend towards enhanced woody growth in drylands. Due to the perceived impacts of these expansions on ecosystem services related to biodiversity, hydrology, soil stability, fire prevention, and livestock forage, mechanical and chemical PJ reduction treatments have been a long-standing practice in the region. More recently, PJ reduction practices have come under enhanced public scrutiny, due to potential impacts on PJ-dependent wildlife, risk of erosion due to soil disturbance, and cost effectiveness due to variable rates of long-term success. Moreover, there is growing interest in understanding the biotic, abiotic, and management conditions under which PJ reduction treatments are effective. Here, we evaluated PJ reduction treatment outcomes leveraging large, curated databases of land treatments, new remotely sensed fractional cover time-series products, gridded climate and soils data, and analytical approaches adopted from the econometric literature. From 302 treatment events and 1569 distinct treatment polygons we found evidence that treatments reduced tree cover and largely increased shrub and perennial herbaceous cover for 10 or more years. However, treatments were also associated with increases in annual, likely non-native, herbaceous cover. Importantly, we noted treatment outcomes varied by landscape context, with some soil and geomorphic settings exhibiting consistent returns to pre-treatment conditions within 10–15 years, and others exhibiting more persistent changes in functional type composition. Despite the overall trends we observed, there was considerable unexplained variability in outcomes from treatment to treatment, highlighting the need for caution and attention to local geomorphic and biological context in planning future treatments.
Severe droughts are predicted to become more frequent in the future, and the consequences of such droughts on forests can be dramatic, resulting in massive tree mortality, rapid change in forest structure and composition, and substantially increased risk of catastrophic fire. Forest managers have tools at their disposal to try to mitigate these effects but are often faced with limited resources, forcing them to make choices about which parts of the landscape to target for treatment. Such planning can greatly benefit from landscape vulnerability assessments, but many existing vulnerability analyses are unvalidated and not grounded in robust empirical datasets. We combined robust sets of ground-based plot and remote sensing data, collected during the 2012–2016 California drought, to develop rigorously validated tools for assessing forest vulnerability to drought-related canopy tree mortality for the mixed conifer forests of the Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks and potentially for mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada as a whole. Validation was carried out using a large external dataset. The best models included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, and species identity. Models indicated that tree survival probability decreased with greenness (as measured by NDVI) and elevation, particularly if trees were growing slowly. Overall, models showed good calibration and validation, especially for Abies concolor, which comprise a large majority of the trees in many mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Our models tended to overestimate mortality risk for Calocedrus decurrens and underestimate risk for pine species, in the latter case probably due to pine bark beetle outbreak dynamics. Validation results indicated dangers of overfitting, as well as showing that the inclusion of trees already under attack by bark beetles at the time of sampling can give false confidence in model strength, while also biasing predictions. These vulnerability tools should be useful to forest managers trying to assess which parts of their landscape were vulnerable during the 2012–2016 drought, and, with additional validation, may prove useful for ongoing assessments and predictions of future forest vulnerability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2514","usgsCitation":"Das, A., Slaton, M.R., Mallory, J., Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., and Hardwick, P., 2022, Empirically validated drought vulnerability mapping in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada: Ecological Applications, v. 32, no. 2, e2514, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2514.","productDescription":"e2514, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131799","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P6JKJW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Calibration and Validation Data and Model Coefficients for Mixed Conifer Vulnerability Project from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park 2015 to 2019"},{"id":395619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -117.828369140625,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":201236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slaton, Michele R","contributorId":274868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaton","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallory, Jeffrey","contributorId":274869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallory","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asner, Gregory P.","contributorId":25393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Roberta E.","contributorId":201234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Roberta","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hardwick, Paul","contributorId":261559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardwick","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226860,"text":"70226860 - 2022 - Complex demographic responses to contrasting climate drivers lead to divergent population trends across the range of a threatened alpine plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T12:53:03.866205","indexId":"70226860","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-07T06:51:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex demographic responses to contrasting climate drivers lead to divergent population trends across the range of a threatened alpine plant","docAbstract":"Alpine plants are likely to be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their restricted distributions and sensitivity to rapid environmental shifts occurring in high-elevation ecosystems. The well-studied Haleakalā silversword (‘āhinahina, Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum) already exhibits substantial climate-associated population decline, and offers the opportunity to understand the ecological and demographic mechanisms that underlie ongoing and predicted range shifts. We use nearly four decades of demographic monitoring for this threatened Hawaiian species, in combination with other biological, ecological and climate data to explore demographic responses across its entire range. We construct and independently validate population models for two elevation zones representing the species’ lower trailing and higher stable regions. Differences in population growth rate (lambda) between trailing and stable regions were influenced most strongly by lower survival of juvenile and small adult size classes, as well as by lower recruitment and lower survival of seedlings and large adults in the trailing region. Furthermore, seed production appears to have decreased from the 1980’s to present in the trailing region, and is now significantly less than in the stable region. Lambda and several underlying vital rates were significantly associated with wetter dry season conditions in the lower trailing region, indicating water limitation. In the higher elevation stable region, in contrast, lambda and vital rates were associated with warmer air temperatures, indicating cold limitation. These contrasting demographic patterns and climate dependencies lead to a high probability of extinction over the next century in the lower region, where most plants occur, but zero probability of the same in the higher region, according to stochastic population projections. Drier future scenarios further increase the probability of extinction at low elevations. The combined results illustrate the complexity in the demographic response and future viability that can occur across the range of a single species.
Highly mobile species, such as migratory birds, respond to seasonal and inter-annual variability in resource availability by moving to better habitats. Despite the recognized importance of resource thresholds, species distribution models typically rely on long-term average habitat conditions, mostly because large-extent, temporally-resolved, environmental data are difficult to obtain. Recent advances in remote sensing make it possible to incorporate more frequent measurements of changing landscapes; however, there is often a cost in terms of model building and processing and the added value of such efforts is unknown. Our study tests whether incorporating real-time environmental data increases the predictive ability of distribution models, relative to using long-term average data. We developed and compared distribution models for shorebirds in California's Central Valley based on high temporal resolution (every 16-days), and 17-year long-term average, surface water data. Using abundance-weighted boosted regression trees, we modeled monthly shorebird occurrence as a function of surface water availability, crop type, wetland type, road density, temperature, and bird data source. While modeling with both real-time and long-term average data provided good fit to withheld validation data (0.79 < AUC < 0.89 across taxa), there were small differences in model performance. The best models incorporated long-term average conditions and spatial pattern information for real-time flooding (e.g. perimeter-area ratio of real-time water bodies). There was not a substantial difference in the performance of real-time and long-term average data models within time periods when real-time surface water differed substantially from the long-term average (specifically during drought years 2013-2016) and in intermittently flooded months or locations. Spatial predictions resulting from the models differed most in the southern region of the study area where there is lower water availability, fewer birds, and lower sampling density. Prediction uncertainty in the southern region of the study area highlights the need for increased sampling in this area. Because both sets of data performed similarly, the choice of which data to use may depend on the management context. Real-time data may ultimately be best for guiding dynamic, adaptive conservation actions whereas models based on long-term averages may be more helpful for guiding permanent wetland protection and restoration.
Historically, estimates of pelagic primary production in lake ecosystems were made by measuring the uptake of carbon-14 (14C)-labeled inorganic carbon in samples incubated under laboratory or in situ conditions. However, incubation approaches are increasingly being replaced by methods that analyze diel changes in high-frequency in situ data such as free-water dissolved oxygen (O2). While there is a rich literature on the comparison of approaches for estimating primary production using incubations (e.g., 14C and O2 bottle experiments), as well for approaches using high-frequency data (e.g., diel O2 and CO2 metabolism models), there are few direct comparisons of 14C incubations and free-water O2 approaches for estimating primary production. We used 20 lake-years of concurrent measurements of primary production quantified from high-frequency free-water O2 data and 14C incubations in four different lakes (4–7 years per lake) to compare these different approaches. Across all lakes, 61% of the 14C production estimates were within the 95% credible intervals of the free-water O2 production estimates. Error-in-variable regressions support the assumption that 14C methods estimate a production value between gross primary production and net primary production and the bottle effect is constant across the entire range of production values considered here. There was little evidence that daily pelagic, epilimnetic estimates of primary production differed substantially based on the selection of free-water O2 or 14C approaches in these lakes during summer stratified conditions.