The northern South Carolina coast is a heavily developed region that supports a thriving tourism industry, large local populations and extensive infrastructure (Figure 1). The economic stability of the region is closely tied to the health of its beaches: primarily in providing support for local tourism and protection from storm events. Despite relatively low long-term shoreline erosion rates, and the implied stability of the beaches, the economic impact of storm events to coastal communities has been costly. For example, Hurricane Hugo made landfall on the central South Carolina coast in 1989. High winds and storm surge inflicted roughly $6 billion in property loss and damages, and Hugo remains the costliest storm event in South Carolina history. Localized erosion, commonly occurring around tidal inlets and erosion \"hot spots\", has also proved costly. Construction and maintenance of hard structures and beach nourishment, designed to mitigate the effects of erosion, have become annual or multi-annual expenditures. Providing a better understanding of the physical processes controlling coastal erosion and shoreline change will allow for more effective management of coastal resources.
In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (SCSGC), began a study to investigate inner continental shelf and shoreface processes. The objectives of the USGS/SCSGC cooperative program are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the shoreface and inner continental shelf, and to define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways in order to develop a regional sediment budget.
This report contains the geospatial data used to define the geologic framework offshore of the northern South Carolina coast. The digital data presented herein accompany USGS Open-File Reports OFR 2004-1013 and OFR 2005-1345, describing the stratigraphic framework and modern sediment distribution within Long Bay, respectively. Direct on-line links to these publications are available within 'References' on the navigation bar to the left. Additional links to other publications and web sites are also available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051346","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, W.E., Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P., Morton, R., and Driscoll, N.W., 2007, Geologic framework studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003: Geospatial data release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1346, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051346.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"310 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414660,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81181.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little River Inlet, Long Bay, Winyah Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.56161016403217,\n 33.8416676065856\n ],\n [\n -78.66435873645273,\n 33.816264761685815\n ],\n [\n -78.7793392817811,\n 33.765436434888954\n ],\n [\n -78.94080132415749,\n 33.64332542273374\n ],\n [\n -79.04721948845037,\n 33.52104097264089\n ],\n [\n -79.12183452318465,\n 33.44350458955091\n ],\n [\n -79.15608404732542,\n 33.34137736780946\n ],\n [\n -79.18544078230246,\n 33.23503786456983\n ],\n [\n -79.17711245729268,\n 33.17956116022201\n ],\n [\n -79.06063965281108,\n 33.16538066315526\n ],\n [\n -78.99499134483041,\n 33.32300938270991\n ],\n [\n -78.66674980492712,\n 33.68324079343637\n ],\n [\n -78.50368787865216,\n 33.778344870169946\n ],\n [\n -78.56161016403217,\n 33.8416676065856\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, W. E.","contributorId":47034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gayes, P. T.","contributorId":108143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, R.","contributorId":38242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70068753,"text":"ofr20071047SRP005 - 2007 - Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T11:46:15","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP005","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-08T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-005","title":"Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy","docAbstract":"We interpret ~40,000 km of multichannelseismic reflection lines collected by the Russian Antarctic Expedition along the East Antarctic continental margin between 32° E and 115°\nE, and present a revised seismic stratigraphic model for depositional paleoenvironments of the region. Variations in acoustic facies characteristics \nobserved across major seismic horizons are correlated with paleoenvironmental changes deciphered from Antarctic \ndrilling data and deep-sea “proxy” records. Our results, as well as otherstudies, indicate that the East Antarctic margin\nwas glaciated at different times. Glacial ice first reached the western Wilkes Land margin in the Middle Eocene and\nthen advanced onto most parts ofthe East Antarctic continentalshelf during the earliest Oligocene. During the\nNeogene, bottom currents deposited a variety of drift deposits along the margin","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005","usgsCitation":"Leitchenkov, G., Guseva, Y., and Gandyukhin, V., 2007, Cenozoic environmental changes along the East Antarctic continental margin inferred from regional seismic stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP005.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP005.JPG"},{"id":280872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp005/of2007-1047srp005.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd505be4b0b290850f349a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leitchenkov, G.L.","contributorId":70126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitchenkov","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guseva, Y.B.","contributorId":103808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guseva","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gandyukhin, V.V.","contributorId":35081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandyukhin","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79775,"text":"ofr20071097 - 2007 - Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071097","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1097","title":"Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nThis 2006 annual report details the first season of a 2-year study documenting western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) distribution, abundance, and habitat use throughout the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan boundary area. We conducted cuckoo surveys at 55 sites within 17 areas, between 11 June and 13 September. The 243 visits across all sites yielded 180 yellow-billed cuckoo detections. Cuckoos were detected at 27 of the 55 sites, primarily at the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge AZ sites (n = 117 detections) and the Grand Canyon National Park-Lake Mead National Recreation Area AZ delta sites (n = 29 detections). There were also cuckoos at the Gila River-Colorado River Confluence, AZ (n = 9), Overton Wildlife Management, NV area (n = 7), and Limitrophe Division North, AZ (n = 6); however, at these sites the numbers were much lower and very few of these birds were considered to be paired or breeding. The greatest number of detections (n = 79) occurred during the second survey period (3-23 July). In 2006, we confirmed five breeding events, including one nesting observation and sightings of four juveniles; all confirmed breeding was at the Bill Williams River NWR and Grand Canyon NP-Lake Mead NRA delta sites. The breeding status of most of our detections were unknown, however, we observed 17 adult cuckoos carrying nest material or food and 40 cuckoo detections were detected while counter-calling occurred in same area during repeated surveys. \r\n\r\nWe used playback recordings to survey for western yellow-billed cuckoos. Compared to simple point counts or surveys, this method increases the number of detections of this secretive, elusive species. It has long been suspected that cuckoos have a fairly low response rate, and that the standard survey method of using playback recordings may fail to detect all birds present in an area. In 2006, we found that the majority (72%) of cuckoo detections were solicited through playback at all study sites. The number of solicited detections peaked during the first half of July and then declined as the breeding season progressed, while the number of unsolicited detections (cuckoos heard calling before playback was initiated) remained fairly constant. The majority (64%) of cuckoo detections, solicited or unsolicited, were aural; 27 percent were both heard and seen and nine percent were visual detections only. Cuckoos in areas with the largest populations had the highest rate of vocalizations before playback or after the first broadcast. In contrast, more than half the responses at sites with fewer cuckoos (with < 10 detections per site) first occurred after three or more playback recordings. This type of baseline information will be used to help refine the survey protocol for 2007, and to create hypotheses that can serve as the foundation for a full-scale evaluation and optimization of this survey technique. \r\n\r\nOur preliminary analysis of vegetation data from occupied and unoccupied sites in 2006 focused on general patterns in the distribution and abundance of woody species. The density and composition of woody riparian vegetation varied considerably among the study areas. Much of the variation in tree density was due to the patterns of abundance of trees in the smallest size class (< 8 cm dbh). The dominant tree species at the cuckoo survey sites were cottonwood, willow, and tamarisk. Tamarisk was the most common tree, due to the abundance of small (< 8 cm dbh) individuals. When occupied and unoccupied sites were compared, occupied sites tended to have higher average canopy cover, attributable to higher average cover of the mid and low canopy. The dominant canopy at occupied sites most often consisted of cottonwood or willow trees. In addition, occupied sites in most areas had lower than average total tree density whereas unoccupied sites were denser than average. When densities of trees in different size classes were com","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071097","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Holmes, J., Calvo, C., Samuels, I., Krantz, S., and Sogge, M.K., 2007, Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado and Tributaries, 2006 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1097, ix, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071097.","productDescription":"ix, 210 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c75c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":290794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Jennifer A.","contributorId":86437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, Christopher","contributorId":58721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuels, Ivan","contributorId":63887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantz, Stefani","contributorId":19638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"Stefani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79777,"text":"ofr20071041 - 2007 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T22:08:40.580533","indexId":"ofr20071041","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1041","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400 square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use and the needs of a growing population. Precipitation in the Black Mesa area averages about 6 to 14 inches per year. \r\n\r\nThe water monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and is designed to provide information about the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected for the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2005 to September 2006. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, (5) ground-water chemistry, and (6) periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal meters. \r\n\r\nIn 2005, ground-water withdrawals in the Black Mesa area totaled 7,330 acre-feet, including ground-water withdrawals for industrial (4,480 acre-feet) and municipal (2,850 acre-feet) uses. From 2004 to 2005, total withdrawals increased by less than 2 percent, industrial withdrawals increased by approximately 3 percent, and total municipal withdrawals increased by 0.35 percent. \r\n\r\nFrom 2005 to 2006, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 10 of 13 wells in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was -0.5 foot. Measurements indicated that water levels declined in 12 of 15 wells in the confined area of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2006, the median water-level change for 29 wells was -8.5 feet. Median water-level changes were -0.2 foot for 13 wells in the unconfined areas and -46.6 feet for 16 wells in the confined area. \r\n\r\nGround-water discharges were measured once in 2005 and once in 2006 at Moenkopi School Spring and Burro Spring. Discharge decreased by 3.5 percent at Moenkopi School Spring and by 15 percent at Burro Spring. During the period of record at each spring, discharges fluctuated; a decreasing trend was apparent. \r\n\r\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area have been collected from streamflow gages at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash (1976 to 2005), Dinnebito Wash (1993 to 2005), Polacca Wash (1994 to 2005), Pasture Canyon Spring (August 2004 to December 2005), and Laguna Creek (1996 to 2005). Median flows during November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of the amount of ground-water discharge to the above named sites. For the period of record at each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. There is not a long enough period of record for Pasture Canyon Spring and Laguna Creek was discontinued at the end of December 2005. \r\n\r\nIn 2006, water samples were collected from 6 wells and 2 springs in the Black Mesa area and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 111 to 588 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 5 of the wells and both of the springs had less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Trends in the chemistry of water samples from the 6 wells show the Pi?on NTUA 1 and Peabody 9 wells increasing in dissolved solids, Forest Lake NTUA 1 and Peabody 2 wells decreasing in dissolved solids, and Kykotsmovi PM2 and Keams Canyon PM2 wells show a steady trend. Increasing trends in dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations were evident from the more than 11 years of data for the 2 springs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., and Macy, J.P., 2007, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2005-06 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1041, vi, 42 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071041.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81107.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0,\n 35.6056\n ],\n [\n -109.7375,\n 35.6056\n ],\n [\n -109.7375,\n 36.7958\n ],\n [\n -111.0,\n 36.7958\n ],\n [\n -111.0,\n 35.6056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, J. P.","contributorId":41913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79774,"text":"ofr20071085 - 2007 - A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"ofr20071085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1085","title":"A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nNonnative zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis, respectively; see photo above) were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes in the 1980s and subsequently spread to watersheds of the Eastern United States (Strayer and others, 1999). The introduction of Dreissena mussels has been economically costly and has had large and far-reaching ecological impacts on these systems. Quagga mussels were found in Lakes Mead and Havasu in January 2007. Given the likelihood that quagga mussels and, eventually, zebra mussels will be introduced to Lake Powell and the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, it is important to assess the risks that introduction of Dreissena mussels pose to the Colorado River ecosystem (here defined as the segment of river from just below Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek; hereafter CRE). In this report, I assess three different types of risks associated with Dreissena and the CRE: (1) the risk that Dreissena will establish at high densities in the CRE, (2) the risk of ecological impacts should Dreissena establish at high densities in the CRE or in Lake Powell, and (3) the risk that Dreissena will be introduced to tributaries of the CRE. \r\n\r\nThe risk of Dreissena establishing within the CRE is low, except for the Lees Ferry tailwater reach where the risk appears high. Dreissena are unlikely to establish at high densities within the CRE or its tributaries because of high suspended sediment, high ratios of suspended inorganic:organic material, and high water velocities, all of which interfere with the ability of Dreissena to effectively filter feed. The rapids of Grand Canyon may represent a large source of mortality to larval Dreissena, which would limit their ability to disperse and colonize downstream reaches of the CRE. In contrast, conditions within the Lees Ferry tailwater generally appear suitable for Dreissena establishment, with the exception of high average water velocity. \r\n\r\nIf Dreissena establish within the CRE, the risks of negative ecological impacts appear low. If Dreissena are able to attain moderate densities in Lees Ferry, estimates of filtration capacity indicate they are unlikely to substantially alter the composition (e.g., nutrient concentrations, suspended organic matter concentrations) of water exported from Lees Ferry. Further, a moderate density of Dreissena within Lees Ferry may actually increase food available to fishes by increasing habitat complexity and stimulating benthic production. If Dreissena attain moderate densities in the CRE mainstem, which seems unlikely, ecological impacts will probably be comparable to Lees Ferry-an increase in benthic production. Dreissena may have ecological impacts on the CRE, if they become established in Lake Powell and substantially alter the composition of water released from Glen Canyon Dam; however, it is unclear whether changes in the composition of water released from Glen Canyon Dam will have a net positive or negative impact on food availability in the CRE mainstem. \r\n\r\nThe risk of Dreissena introduction to tributaries appears low. None of the tributaries have upstream lakes or reservoirs that could actually serve as a source population for Dreissena; reservoirs on the Little Colorado River may eventually support Dreissena, but they are far up in the watershed and the segment of river connecting them with the mainstem CRE is intermittent. If the CRE mainstem is colonized by Dreissena, there are no significant vectors for transporting them upstream into the tributaries. In addition, lethally high summer water temperatures make it unlikely that Dreissena will establish in many tributaries. \r\n\r\nLake Powell is a logical focus for management and research efforts, given that maintenance of Dreissena populations within the CRE will require an upriver source population and the uncertainty associated with the downstream impact of changes in Lake Powell water quality. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071085","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, T., 2007, A Dreissena Risk Assessment for the Colorado River Ecosystem (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1085, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071085.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4954e4b0b290850ef0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79776,"text":"ofr20071010 - 2007 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake Mead 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20071010","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1010","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake Mead 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe geologic map of the Lake Mead 30' x 60' quadrangle was completed for the U.S. Geological Survey's Las Vegas Urban Corridor Project and the National Parks Project, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. Lake Mead, which occupies the northern part of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAME), mostly lies within the Lake Mead quadrangle and provides recreation for about nine million visitors annually. The lake was formed by damming of the Colorado River by Hoover Dam in 1939. The recreation area and surrounding Bureau of Land Management lands face increasing public pressure from rapid urban growth in the Las Vegas area to the west. This report provides baseline earth science information that can be used in future studies of hazards, groundwater resources, mineral and aggregate resources, and of soils and vegetation distribution. \r\n\r\nThe preliminary report presents a geologic map and GIS database of the Lake Mead quadrangle and a description and correlation of map units. The final report will include cross-sections and interpretive text. The geology was compiled from many sources, both published and unpublished, including significant new mapping that was conducted specifically for this compilation. Geochronologic data from published sources, as well as preliminary unpublished 40Ar/39Ar ages that were obtained for this report, have been used to refine the ages of formal Tertiary stratigraphic units and define new informal Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic units.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Beard, L.S., Anderson, R., Block, D., Bohannon, R.G., Brady, R., Castor, S., Duebendorfer, E.M., Faulds, J.E., Felger, T., Howard, K.A., Kuntz, M.A., and Williams, V.S., 2007, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake Mead 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1010, 3 Plates (Plate 1: 37 x 27 in, Plate 2: 37 x 30 in, Plate 3: 34 x 30 in); Pamphlet: iv, 105 p.; Metadata; Read Me; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071010.","productDescription":"3 Plates (Plate 1: 37 x 27 in, Plate 2: 37 x 30 in, Plate 3: 34 x 30 in); Pamphlet: iv, 105 p.; Metadata; Read Me; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110719,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81106.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81106"},{"id":192714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.01270,35.97910 ], [ -115.01270,36.52096 ], [ -113.97822,36.52096 ], [ -113.97822,35.97910 ], [ -115.01270,35.97910 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beard, L. S.","contributorId":29410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.E.","contributorId":91479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Block, D.L.","contributorId":83214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brady, R.J.","contributorId":89620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Castor, S.B.","contributorId":90832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castor","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duebendorfer, E. M.","contributorId":79969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebendorfer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Faulds, J. E.","contributorId":84854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulds","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Felger, T.J.","contributorId":104076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felger","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kuntz, M. A.","contributorId":33323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, V. S.","contributorId":8876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":79758,"text":"ofr20071048 - 2007 - Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:34:20","indexId":"ofr20071048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1048","title":"Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997","docAbstract":"Cement Creek, an acidic tributary, discharges into the circum-neutral Animas River (pH>7) in Silverton, Colorado located in the high-elevation San Juan Mountains. Mixing of Animas River water with acidic metal rich Cement Creek water raises water pH and produces metal precipitates. This report presents selected anion, cation, chloride, and sulfate data along with hydrologic data highlighting the mixing of these streams during the low-flow period in late summer 1997.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071048","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., and Cox, M.H., 2007, Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1048, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071048.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-09-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Silverton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -107.62069702148438,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -107.62069702148438,\n 37.85100126460795\n ],\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.85100126460795\n ],\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.77505678240509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5307b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79749,"text":"ofr20071080 - 2007 - Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:34:42","indexId":"ofr20071080","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1080","displayTitle":"Streamflow and Nutrient Fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and Subbasins for the Period of Record Through 2005","title":"Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey has monitored streamflow and water quality systematically in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) for more than five decades. This report provides streamflow and estimates of nutrient delivery (flux) to the Gulf of Mexico from both the Atchafalaya River and the main stem of the Mississippi River. This report provides streamflow and nutrient flux estimates for nine major subbasins of the Mississippi River. This report also provides streamflow and flux estimates for 21 selected subbasins of various sizes, hydrology, land use, and geographic location within the Basin. The information is provided at each station for the period for which sufficient water-quality data are available to make statistically based flux estimates (starting as early as water year1 1960 and going through water year 2005). Nutrient fluxes are estimated using the adjusted maximum likelihood estimate, a type of regression-model method; nutrient fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico also are estimated using the composite method. Regression models were calibrated using a 5-year moving calibration period; the model was used to estimate the last year of the calibration period. Nutrient flux estimates are provided for six water-quality constituents: dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total organic nitrogen plus ammonia nitrogen (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), dissolved ammonia, total phosphorous, dissolved orthophosphate, and dissolved silica.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, the contribution of streamflow and net nutrient flux for five large subbasins comprising the MARB were determined from streamflow and nutrient fluxes from seven of the aforementioned major subbasins. These five large subbasins are: 1. Lower Mississippi, 2. Upper Mississippi, 3. Ohio/Tennessee, 4. Missouri, and 5. Arkansas/Red.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071080","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Buxton, H.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Coupe, R.H., 2007, Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1080, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071080.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1959-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Atchfalaya River Basin, Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79753,"text":"ofr20071063 - 2007 - Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of Mine Waste and Stream Sediments Associated With Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20071063","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1063","title":"Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of Mine Waste and Stream Sediments Associated With Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","docAbstract":"We report results from sequential extraction experiments and the quantitative mineralogy for samples of stream sediments and mine wastes collected from metal mines. Samples were from the Elizabeth, Ely Copper, and Pike Hill Copper mines in Vermont, the Callahan Mine in Maine, and the Martha Mine in New Zealand. The extraction technique targeted the following operationally defined fractions and solid-phase forms: (1) soluble, adsorbed, and exchangeable fractions; (2) carbonates; (3) organic material; (4) amorphous iron- and aluminum-hydroxides and crystalline manganese-oxides; (5) crystalline iron-oxides; (6) sulfides and selenides; and (7) residual material. For most elements, the sum of an element from all extractions steps correlated well with the original unleached concentration. Also, the quantitative mineralogy of the original material compared to that of the residues from two extraction steps gave insight into the effectiveness of reagents at dissolving targeted phases. The data are presented here with minimal interpretation or discussion and further analyses and interpretation will be presented elsewhere.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., Seal, R., Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., Brown, Z.A., and Adams, M., 2007, Sequential Extraction Results and Mineralogy of Mine Waste and Stream Sediments Associated With Metal Mines in Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1063, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071063.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9428,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6d83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, M.","contributorId":81176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79754,"text":"ofr20071025 - 2007 - Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:31:56","indexId":"ofr20071025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1025","title":"Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of temporal and spatial variations in floodwater chemistry was conducted during winter and spring 1998 in the Yolo Bypass floodplain of the Sacramento River system. Samples were collected at locations along the eastern margin of the floodplain over the duration of the study and across the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Specific conductance and dissolved organic carbon concentrations along the eastern margin of the Yolo Bypass varied inversely with discharge. The Sacramento River was the greatest source of discharge to the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Increases in specific conductance and dissolved organic carbon were observed along the eastern margin during periods of lower discharge, when local streams accounted for a significant fraction of the total discharge through the Yolo Bypass. Apparent influences of local stream discharges also were observed in surface waters near the western margin of the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Although river and local stream sources of suspended particulate matter appeared important, in-floodplain processes were likely contributors to temporal and spatial variability in concentrations. Values for the C:N ratio of the particulate matter were lowest during periods of decreasing and low discharge through the floodplain, indicating production of phytoplankton in floodplain waters or supply to the floodplain by local stream sources. Phytoplankton discharged from the Yolo Bypass was detected by chlorophyll a monitors downstream in the Sacramento River during this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071025","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., and Cox, M.H., 2007, Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1025, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071025.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79750,"text":"ofr20071004 - 2007 - Geochemistry of Surface and Ground Water in Cement Creek from Gladstone to Georgia Gulch and in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T10:29:43","indexId":"ofr20071004","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1004","title":"Geochemistry of Surface and Ground Water in Cement Creek from Gladstone to Georgia Gulch and in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"In San Juan County, Colo., the effects of historical mining continue to contribute metals to ground water and surface water. Previous research by the U.S. Geological Survey identified ground-water discharge as a significant pathway for the loading of metals to surface water in the upper Animas River watershed from both acid-mine drainage and acid-rock drainage. In support of this ground-water research effort, Prospect Gulch was selected for further study and the geochemistry of surface and ground water in the area was analyzed as part of four sampling plans: (1) ten streamflow and geochemistry measurements at five stream locations (four locations along Cement Creek plus the mouth of Prospect Gulch from July 2004 through August 2005), (2) detailed stream tracer dilution studies in Prospect Gulch and in Cement Creek from Gladstone to Georgia Gulch in early October 2004, (3) geochemistry of ground water through sampling of monitoring wells, piezometers, mine shafts, and springs, and (4) samples for noble gases and tritium/helium for recharge temperatures (recharge elevation) and ground-water age dating. This report summarizes all of the surface and ground-water data that was collected and includes: (1) all sample collection locations, (2) streamflow and geochemistry, (3) ground-water geochemistry, and (4) noble gas and tritium/helium data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071004","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Wirt, L., Manning, A.H., Leib, K.J., Fey, D.L., and Yager, D.B., 2007, Geochemistry of Surface and Ground Water in Cement Creek from Gladstone to Georgia Gulch and in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1004, xi, 140 p.; 3 Appendix Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071004.","productDescription":"xi, 140 p.; 3 Appendix Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Animas River, Georgia Gulch, Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.88162231445311,\n 37.62837193983584\n ],\n [\n -107.88162231445311,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -107.369384765625,\n 37.95827503526034\n ],\n [\n -107.369384765625,\n 37.62837193983584\n ],\n [\n -107.88162231445311,\n 37.62837193983584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4895e4b07f02db522912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79751,"text":"ofr20071046 - 2007 - Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resource Assessment of the Healy and Talkeetna Mountains Quadrangles, Alaska Using Minimal Cloud- and Snow-Cover ASTER Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071046","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1046","title":"Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resource Assessment of the Healy and Talkeetna Mountains Quadrangles, Alaska Using Minimal Cloud- and Snow-Cover ASTER Data","docAbstract":"On July 8, 2003, ASTER acquired satellite imagery of a 60 km-wide swath of parts of two 1:250,000 Alaska quadrangles, under favorable conditions of minimal cloud- and snow-cover. Rocks from eight different lithotectonic terranes are exposed within the swath of data, several of which define permissive tracts for various mineral deposit types such as: volcanic-hosted massive sulfides (VMS) and porphyry copper and molybdenum. Representative rock samples collected from 13 different lithologic units from the Bonnifield mining district within the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT), plus hydrothermally altered VMS material from the Red Mountain prospect, were analyzed to produce a spectral library spanning the VNIR-SWIR (0.4 - 2.5 ?m) through the TIR (8.1 - 11.7 ?m). \r\n\r\nComparison of the five-band ASTER TIR emissivity and decorrelation stretch data to available geologic maps indicates that rocks from the YTT display the greatest range and diversity of silica composition of the mapped terranes, ranging from mafic rocks to silicic quartzites. The nine-band ASTER VNIR-SWIR reflectance data and spectral matched-filter processing were used to map several lithologic sequences characterized by distinct suites of minerals that exhibit diagnostic spectral features (e.g. chlorite, epidote, amphibole and other ferrous-iron bearing minerals); other sequences were distinguished by their weathering characteristics and associated hydroxyl- and ferric-iron minerals, such as illite, smectite, and hematite. \r\n\r\nSmectite, kaolinite, opaline silica, jarosite and/or other ferric iron minerals defined narrow (< 250 m diameter) zonal patterns around Red Mountain and other potential VMS targets. Using ASTER we identified some of the known mineral deposits in the region, as well as mineralogically similar targets that may represent potential undiscovered deposits. Some known deposits were not identified and may have been obscured by vegetation- or snow-cover, or were too small to be resolved.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071046","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Rowan, L., Dusel-Bacon, C., and Eppinger, R.G., 2007, Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resource Assessment of the Healy and Talkeetna Mountains Quadrangles, Alaska Using Minimal Cloud- and Snow-Cover ASTER Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1046, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071046.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68364f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":22860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70100553,"text":"ofr20071047SRP085 - 2007 - Tectonic elements of the continental margin of East Antarctica, 38-164ºE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T09:25:26","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-01T08:50:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-085","title":"Tectonic elements of the continental margin of East Antarctica, 38-164ºE","docAbstract":"The East Antarctic continental margin from 38–164ºE is divided into western and eastern provinces that \ndeveloped during the separation of India from Australia–Antarctica (Early Cretaceous) and Australia from Antarctica \n(Late Cretaceous). In the overlap between these provinces the geology is complex and bears the imprint of both \nextension/spreading episodes, with an overprinting of volcanism. The main rift-bounding faults appear to \napproximately coincide with the outer edge of the continental shelf. Inboard of these faults, the sedimentary cover thins \nabove shallowing basement towards the coast where crystalline basement generally crops out. The continental slope \nand the landward flanks of the ocean basins, are blanketed by up to 9–10 km of mainly post-rift sediments in margin-parallel basins, except in the Bruce Rise area. Beneath this blanket, extensive rift basins are identified off Enderby and \nWilkes Land/Terre Adélie; however, their extent and detailed structures are difficult to determine.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP085","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, P.E., and Stagg, H., 2007, Tectonic elements of the continental margin of East Antarctica, 38-164ºE: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-085, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP085.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP085.PNG"},{"id":285272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp085/of2007-1047srp085.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355959ae4b0120853e8c24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, H.M.J.","contributorId":7843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"H.M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79741,"text":"ofr20061114 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:34","indexId":"ofr20061114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1114","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapping program in Antarctica is one of the longest continuously funded projects in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). This is the 46th U.S. expedition to Antarctica in which USGS scientists have participated. The financial support from the National Science Foundation, which extends back to the time of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956-57, can be attributed to the need for accurate maps of specific field areas or regions where NSF-funded science projects were planned. The epoch of Antarctic exploration during the IGY was being driven by science and, in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, the international scientific community wanted to limit military activities on the continent to logistical support. The USGS, a Federal civilian science agency in the Department of the Interior, had, since its founding in 1879, carried out numerous field-based national (and some international) programs in biology, geology, hydrology, and mapping. Therefore, the USGS was the obvious choice for these tasks, because it already had a professional staff of experienced mapmakers and program managers with the foresight, dedication, and understanding of the need for accurate maps to support the science programs in Antarctica when asked to do so by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Public Laws 85-743 and 87-626, signed in August 1958 and in September 1962, respectively, authorized the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the USGS, to support mapping and scientific work in Antarctica. The USGS mapping and science programs still play a significant role in the advancement of science in Antarctica today. Antarctica is the planet's 5th largest continent (13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2)), it contains the world's largest (of two) remaining ice sheet, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. This report provides documentation of USGS scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during the 1995-96 field season (Mullins and Meunier, 1995).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1114, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061114.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061114.png"},{"id":9412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293500,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1114/pdf/2006-1114.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61282a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79742,"text":"ofr20061116 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:15","indexId":"ofr20061116","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1116","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","docAbstract":"Antarctica, a vast region encompassing 13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2), is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. During the past 60 years, the USGS, in collaboration and with logistical support from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, has sent 325 USGS scientists to Antarctica to work on a wide range of projects: 169 personnel from the NMD (mostly aerial photography, surveying, and geodesy, primarily used for the modern mapping of Antarctica), 138 personnel from the GD (mostly geophysical and geological studies onshore and offshore), 15 personnel from the WRD (mostly hydrological/glaciological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), 2 personnel from the BRD (microbiological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), and 1 person from the Director's Office (P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director, 2005–06 austral field season). Three GD scientists and three NMD scientists have carried out field work in Antarctica 9 or more times: John C. Behrendt (15), who started in 1956–57 and published two memoirs (Behrendt, 1998, 2005), Arthur B. Ford (10), who started in 1960–61, and Gary D. Clow (9), who started in 1985–86; Larry D. Hothem (12), who began as a winter-over geodesist at Mawson Station in 1968–69, and Jerry L. Mullins (12), who started in 1982–83 and followed in the legendary footsteps of his NMD predecessor, William R. MacDonald (9), who started in 1960–61 and supervised the acquisition of more than 1,000,000 square miles of aerial photography of Antarctica. This report provides a record as complete as possible, of USGS and non-USGS collaborating personnel in Antarctica from 1946–2006, the geographic locations of their work, and their scientific/engineering disciplines represented. Postal cachets for each year follow the table of personnel and scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during those 60 years.
\nTo commemorate special events and projects in Antarctica, it became an international practice to create postal cachets. A cachet is defined as a seal, emblem, or commemorative design printed or stamped on an envelope to mark a philatelic or special event. All stamp collectors are familiar with engraved cachets on envelopes of \"First-Day-of-Issue\" stamps. For Antarctica, a stamped (inked) impression informs the scientist, historian, stamp collector, and general public about the multidisciplinary science projects staffed by USGS scientists and other specialists during a specific austral summer field season. Because philatelic cachets were created by team members for each USGS field season, in most cases depicting the specific areas and scientific objectives, the cachets have become a convenient documentation of the people, projects, and geographic places for that year. Because the cachets are representative of USGS activities, each year's cachet is included in that year's Open-File Report (1960–61 to 2005–06). Starting with the 1983–84 season, however, two USGS cachets were prepared for the next seven years, one for the winter team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, until 1992–93, and the other for all other field sites. Multiple cachets were created by USGS divisional programs during the 1962–63, 1963–64, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1995–96, 2003–04, and the 2005–06 years.
\nThis report includes facsimiles of each annual postal cachet (or postal cachets) designed by USGS graphic specialists and provides a record of USGS personnel (and non-USGS collaborating scientists) and their science division affiliation for each austral field season. In addition, cachets used by USGS personnel for U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), U.S. Navy Operation Windmill (1947–48), U.S. Navy U.S.S. Atka reconnaissance cruise (1954–55), U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze (DF) (I, 1955–56; II, 1956–57; III, 1957–58; IV, 1958–59; and DF 60, 1959–60), and the International Geophysical Year (1957–58) are included, because USGS scientists made use of these cachets when involved in each of the field activities during these austral field seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1116, ii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061116.","productDescription":"ii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061116.png"},{"id":293495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/pdf/2006-1116.pdf"},{"id":9413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79738,"text":"ofr20071071 - 2007 - Preliminary Assessment of Volcanic and Hydrothermal Hazards in Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:45:13","indexId":"ofr20071071","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1071","title":"Preliminary Assessment of Volcanic and Hydrothermal Hazards in Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity","docAbstract":"Possible future violent events in the active hydrothermal, magmatic, and tectonic system of Yellowstone National Park pose potential hazards to park visitors and infrastructure. Most of the national park and vicinity are sparsely populated, but significant numbers of people as well as park resources could nevertheless be at risk from these hazards. Depending on the nature and magnitude of a particular hazardous event and the particular time and season when it might occur, 70,000 to more than 100,000 persons could be affected; the most violent events could affect a broader region or even continent-wide areas. This assessment of such hazards is presented both as a guide for future activities of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) and to aid appropriate response planning by the National Park Service and surrounding agencies and communities. Although the assessment is presented here in some technical detail, this summary is intended to be understandable to non-scientists. The principal conclusions also will be made available in other forms, more accessible to general readers.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071071","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, R.L., Lowenstern, J.B., Smith, R.B., Heasler, H., Morgan, L.A., Nathenson, M., Mastin, L.G., Muffler, L.P., and Robinson, J., 2007, Preliminary Assessment of Volcanic and Hydrothermal Hazards in Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1071, iv, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071071.","productDescription":"iv, 94 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,44 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -110,45 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -111,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, Henry","contributorId":62683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A.","contributorId":66300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick","contributorId":72739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":79740,"text":"ofr20061113 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:55","indexId":"ofr20061113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1113","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapping program in Antarctica is one of the longest continuously funded projects in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). This is the 53rd U.S. expedition to Antarctica in which USGS scientists have participated. The financial support from the National Science Foundation, which extends back to the time of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956–57, can be attributed to the need for accurate maps of specific field areas or regions where NSF-funded science projects were planned. The epoch of Antarctic exploration during the IGY was being driven by science, and, in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, the international scientific community wanted to limit military activities on the continent to logistical support. The USGS, a Federal civilian science agency in the Department of the Interior, had, since its founding in 1879, carried out numerous field-based national (and some international) programs in biology, geology, hydrology, and mapping. Therefore, the USGS was the obvious choice for these tasks, because it already had a professional staff of experienced mapmakers and program managers with the foresight, dedication, and understanding of the need for accurate maps to support the science programs in Antarctica when asked to do so by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Public Laws 85-743 and 87-626, signed in August 1958 and in September 1962, respectively, authorized the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the USGS, to support mapping and scientific work in Antarctica. The USGS mapping and science programs still play a significant role in the advancement of science in Antarctica today. Antarctica is the planet's 5th largest continent [13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2)], it contains the world's largest (of two) remaining ice sheets, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. This report provides documentation of USGS scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during the 2002–03 field season (Mullins, 2002).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1113, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061113.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061113.png"},{"id":9411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1113/pdf/2006-1113.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79743,"text":"ofr20071084 - 2007 - Heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in geological basins of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:28:27","indexId":"ofr20071084","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1084","title":"Heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in geological basins of the world","docAbstract":"Heavy oil and natural bitumen are oils set apart by their high viscosity (resistance to flow) and high density (low API gravity). These attributes reflect the invariable presence of up to 50 weight percent asphaltenes, very high molecular weight hydrocarbon molecules incorporating many heteroatoms in their lattices. Almost all heavy oil and natural bitumen are alteration products of conventional oil. Total resources of heavy oil in known accumulations are 3,396 billion barrels of original oil in place, of which 30 billion barrels are included as prospective additional oil. The total natural bitumen resource in known accumulations amounts to 5,505 billion barrels of oil originally in place, which includes 993 billion barrels as prospective additional oil. This resource is distributed in 192 basins containing heavy oil and 89 basins with natural bitumen. Of the nine basic Klemme basin types, some with subdivisions, the most prolific by far for known heavy oil and natural bitumen volumes are continental multicyclic basins, either basins on the craton margin or closed basins along convergent plate margins. The former includes 47 percent of the natural bitumen, the latter 47 percent of the heavy oil and 46 percent of the natural bitumen. Little if any heavy oil occurs in fore-arc basins, and natural bitumen does not occur in either fore-arc or delta basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071084","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P., 2007, Heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in geological basins of the world: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1084, iv, 36 p.; 3 Plates: 66x36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071084.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.; 3 Plates: 66x36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79734,"text":"ofr20071003 - 2007 - In search of a Silurian Total Petroleum System in the Appalachian Basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79734,"text":"ofr20071003 - 2007 - In search of a Silurian Total Petroleum System in the Appalachian Basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","indexId":"ofr20071003","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"In search of a Silurian Total Petroleum System in the Appalachian Basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70055615,"text":"pp1708G.11 - 2014 - In search of a Silurian total petroleum system in the Appalachian basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","indexId":"pp1708G.11","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"G.11","title":"In search of a Silurian total petroleum system in the Appalachian basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70055615,"text":"pp1708G.11 - 2014 - In search of a Silurian total petroleum system in the Appalachian basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","indexId":"pp1708G.11","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"In search of a Silurian total petroleum system in the Appalachian basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T09:38:14","indexId":"ofr20071003","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1003","title":"In search of a Silurian Total Petroleum System in the Appalachian Basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"This report provides an evaluation of the source rock potential of Silurian strata in the U.S. portion of the northern Appalachian Basin, using new TOC and RockEval data. The study area consists of all or parts of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The stratigraphic intervals that were sampled for this study are as follows: 1) the Lower Silurian Cabot Head Shale, Rochester Shale, and Rose Hill Formation; 2) the Lower and Upper Silurian McKenzie Limestone, Lockport Dolomite, and Eramosa Member of the Lockport Group; and 3) the Upper Silurian Wills Creek Formation, Tonoloway Limestone, Salina Group, and Bass Islands Dolomite. These Silurian stratigraphic intervals were chosen because they are cited in previous publications as potential source rocks, they are easily identified and relatively continuous across the basin, and they contain beds of dark gray to black shale and (or) black argillaceous limestone and dolomite.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071003","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Swezey, C., Trippi, M.H., Lentz, E., Avary, K.L., Harper, J., Kappel, W.M., and Rea, R.G., 2007, In search of a Silurian Total Petroleum System in the Appalachian Basin of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1003, 78 p.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071003.","productDescription":"78 p.; 2 tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lentz, Erika E.","contributorId":105375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avary, K. Lee","contributorId":74464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avary","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harper, John A.","contributorId":106991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rea, Ronald G.","contributorId":102158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":79728,"text":"ofr20071068 - 2007 - Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071068","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1068","title":"Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","docAbstract":"At the former Fort Ord in Monterey County, California, contamination threatens an aquifer that provides drinking water for local communities. Assessment and remediation require accurate hydrological modeling, which in turn require a thorough understanding of aquifer stratigraphy. In order to help guide remediation efforts at the site, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has undertaken seismic reflection surveys, testing compressional (P) and horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves. Sledgehammer-source SH data show reflections from interfaces up to approximately 60 m deep, which correspond with the major boundaries between aquifers and aquitards. In contrast, P-wave data show only the reflection from the water table at approximately 30 m depth. We collected SH data along two transects and processed these data to produce reflection images. The interpreted SH-wave images agree with available well information, constrain the geology for ground-water models, and provide guidance for future geophysical studies. These favorable results demonstrate the effectiveness of SH reflection methods for imaging unconsolidated aquifer layers at the former Fort Ord and at other sites with similar geologic conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071068","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., and Hunter, L.E., 2007, Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1068, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071068.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Lewis E.","contributorId":79568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209279,"text":"ofr20071203 - 2007 - Synthesis of age data and chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay cores collected for ecosystem history of South Florida’s estuaries project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:28:11.348765","indexId":"ofr20071203","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-26T19:03:53","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1203","displayTitle":"Synthesis of Age Data and Chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay Cores Collected for Ecosystem History of South Florida’s Estuaries Projects","title":"Synthesis of age data and chronology for Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay cores collected for ecosystem history of South Florida’s estuaries project","docAbstract":"210Pb, 14C, and pollen biostratigraphic data have been compiled and synthesized to develop age models for cores collected from Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay. These cores are being used to interpret the ecosystem history of south Florida’s estuaries by examining the physical, chemical, and biological record preserved within the cores. The beginning of the 20th century, which marks an important turning point for the natural vs. anthropogenically influenced ecosystem, has been identified based on at least two data points in ten cores. 210Pb data alone are presented for an additional 38 cores. Age models for older sediments have been developed for seven cores. Comparison of pre-1900 and post-1900 records allows researchers to compare natural ecosystem changes to anthropogenic change.
General patterns of sedimentation rates in Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay emerge from the data. Mid-bay mudbanks in both bays show more rapid rates of sedimentation, fewer signs of sediment disruption, and more internal consistency of sediments than cores located closer to shore. Nearshore cores indicate slower average rates of sedimentation, more disruption in the sedimentary sequences, and more indications of “old” carbon effects. Cores in close proximity to each other generally show very similar patterns of deposition, which indicates support for the age models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071203","productDescription":"iii, 120 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1203/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1203/ofr20071203.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1203"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southern Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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This report summarizes a three-year study of aeolian sedimentary processes in the Colorado River corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona, and discusses the relevance of those processes to the preservation of archaeological sites. Findings are based upon detailed sedimentary and geomorphic investigations conducted in three areas of the river corridor, continuous measurements of wind, precipitation, and aeolian sediment transport at six locations for up to 26 months, short-term field study at 35 other sites, examination of historical aerial photographs, and review of data collected and analyzed by previous studies. Detailed results of this study, which involved collaboration with scientists at the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, National Park Service, Northern Arizona University, the Hopi Tribe, and GeoArch, Inc., have been published previously in topical USGS Open-File Reports (Draut and Rubin, 2005, 2006), a USGS Scientific Investigations Report (Draut and others, 2005), and will be discussed in two forthcoming journal articles. This report serves as an overview of the results and contains new conclusions regarding aeolian sedimentary processes in the Colorado River Ecosystem and their relevance to many archaeological sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071001","collaboration":"Collaborative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Park Service (NPS)","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., and Rubin, D.M., 2007, The role of aeolian sediment in the preservation of archaeological sites in the Colorado River corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Final report on research activities, 2003-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1001, 141 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071001.","productDescription":"141 p.","numberOfPages":"141","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-007901","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409955,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80842.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292899,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1001/of2007-1001.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071001.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.7333\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 35.7333\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.7333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79727,"text":"ofr20071075 - 2007 - Regional geochemical results from the reanalysis of NURE stream sediment samples -- Eagle 3 degree quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T21:32:38.763973","indexId":"ofr20071075","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1075","title":"Regional geochemical results from the reanalysis of NURE stream sediment samples -- Eagle 3 degree quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"This report presents reconnaissance geochemical data for a cooperative study in the Fortymile Mining District, east-central Alaska, initiated in 1997. This study has been funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program. Cooperative funds were provided from various State of Alaska sources through the Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Results presented here represent the initial reconnaissance phase for this multidisciplinary cooperative study. In this phase, 239 sediment samples from the Eagle 3° Quadrangle of east-central Alaska, which had been collected and analyzed for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation program (NURE) of the 1970's (Hoffman and Buttleman, 1996; Smith, 1997), are reanalyzed by newer analytical methods that are more sensitive, accurate, and precise (Arbogast, 1996; Taggart, 2002). The main objectives for the reanalysis of these samples were to establish lower limits of determination for some elements and to confirm the NURE data as a reliable predictive reconnaissance tool for future studies in Alaska's Eagle 3° Quadrangle. This study has wide implications for using the archived NURE samples and data throughout Alaska for future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071075","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Briggs, P., Gough, L.P., Wanty, R., and Brown, Z.A., 2007, Regional geochemical results from the reanalysis of NURE stream sediment samples -- Eagle 3 degree quadrangle, east-central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1075, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071075.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81062.htm"},{"id":9392,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eagle 3° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 64.00\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64.00\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 65.00\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.0\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.00\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70098953,"text":"ofr20071047SRP077 - 2007 - Observations of chlorine monoxide over Scott Base, Antarctica, during the ozone hole, 1996-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T13:32:54","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP077","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-21T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-077","title":"Observations of chlorine monoxide over Scott Base, Antarctica, during the ozone hole, 1996-2005","docAbstract":"We report observations of chlorine monoxide, ClO, in the lower stratosphere, made from Scott Base \n(77.85º S, 166.77º E) in springtime during each year, 1996-2005. The ClO amounts in the atmosphere are \nretrieved from remote measurements of microwave emission spectra. ClO column densities of up to about 2.5 × \n1015 cm-2\n are recorded during September, when chlorine is present in chemically active forms due to reactions on \nthe surface of Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) particles. Maximum mixing ratios of ClO are approximately 2 \nppbv. The annual average of ClO column density during the activation period is anticorrelated with similar \naverages of ozone column measured at nearby Arrival Heights, with correlation coefficient of –0.81, and with \naverages of ozone mass integrated over the entire polar region, with similar correlation coefficients. There was a \nsubstantial decrease in ClO amounts during 2002-2004. There has been no systematic change in the timing of \nchlorine deactivation attributable to secular change in the Antarctic vortex","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP077","usgsCitation":"Connor, B., Solomon, P., Barrett, J., Mooney, T., and Parrish, A., 2007, Observations of chlorine monoxide over Scott Base, Antarctica, during the ozone hole, 1996-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-077, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP077.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP077.PNG"},{"id":284236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp077/of2007-1047srp077.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6983e4b0b29085102b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, Brian","contributorId":25865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, Philip","contributorId":32449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrett, James","contributorId":13543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Thomas","contributorId":81407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parrish, Alan","contributorId":22679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}