{"pageNumber":"1720","pageRowStart":"42975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46619,"records":[{"id":8647,"text":"ofr78589 - 1978 - Dye-dispersion study at proposed pumped-storage project on Hudson River at Cornwall, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:28","indexId":"ofr78589","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-589","title":"Dye-dispersion study at proposed pumped-storage project on Hudson River at Cornwall, New York","docAbstract":"Data were collected during a dye-dispersion study on a 6-mile, tide-affected reach of the Hudson River near the proposed Cornwall Pumped Storage Project on September 21-22, 1977. The results indicated that complete mixing did not occur during the first tidal cycle but was complete after two or more cycles. The fluorometric dye-tracing procedure was used to determine the dispersion characteristics of the water mass. Rhodamine WT dye, 20-percent solution, was continuously injected on the west side of the river throughout an ebb tide, and its movement was monitored during a 30-hour period. Samples were collected both individually and continuously. Automatic dye samplers were used at selected cross sections near each bank. Bathymetric measurements were made at eight cross sections between Newburgh and West Point to determine the depths. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78589","usgsCitation":"Dunn, B., and Gravlee, G., 1978, Dye-dispersion study at proposed pumped-storage project on Hudson River at Cornwall, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-589, v, 47 p. (some fold.) :ill., maps (some fold.) ;28 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78589.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. (some fold.) :ill., maps (some fold.) ;28 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_78_589.jpg"},{"id":260268,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0589/report.pdf"},{"id":260269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0589/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Bernard","contributorId":61423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gravlee, George C.","contributorId":12046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gravlee","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2770,"text":"wsp2053 - 1978 - Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11363,"text":"ofr7774 - 1977 - Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California","indexId":"ofr7774","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2770,"text":"wsp2053 - 1978 - Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California","indexId":"wsp2053","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp2053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2053","title":"Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California","docAbstract":"Evaporation from Salton Sea, Calif. was computed for a 539-day period between duly 14, 1967, and January 2, 1969, by use of energy-budget, mass-transfer, and water-budget methods. The total evaporation computed by the three methods agreed within 5 percent. For computing evaporation by the mass-transfer method, vapor pressure measured at raft stations on the sea was considered to be more representative of the conditions over the sea than vapor pressure measured at land stations. The values of heat transfer to and from the bed were used in energy-budget computations. The inclusion of these heat transfer values improved the correlation of evaporation computed by the energy-budget and water-budget methods. \r\n\r\nMonthly evaporation computed by the energy budget method for 1968 showed that the Salton Sea exhibited a double-wave evaporation similar to that of oceans in the same latitude. \r\n\r\nWeekly and monthly comparisons were made to determine if radiation measured by the flat-plate radiometer is seasonally biased. Weekly totals of radiation from three flat-plate radiometers were compared to values of a Cummings Radiation Integrator. Monthly totals of radiation for each of the two types of instruments were compared to an empirical method for determining radiation. These comparisons indicate that the measurements of radiation by the flat-plate radiometer are not seasonally biased, and that the Cummings Radiation Integrator gives reliable measurements of radiation for periods as short as 1 week. \r\n\r\nThe net incoming radiation was measured at three stations around the Salton Sea. The areal variation was less than 1 percent on an annual basis and the largest weekly variation was less than 6 percent. \r\n\r\nAn empirical mass-transfer coefficient, N, was determined from energy-budget measurements. The value of this coefficient to give evaporation in inches per day is 0.00245 when the windspeed is expressed in miles per hour and vapor pressure is expressed in millibars. The coefficient is valid only when data are obtained at the raft stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Gov't Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2053","usgsCitation":"Sturrock, A.M., 1978, Evaporation and radiation measurements at Salton Sea, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2053, iv, 26 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2053.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturrock, Alex M.","contributorId":48948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7317,"text":"ofr78378 - 1978 - Metropolitan land cover inventory using multiseasonal Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T14:58:48","indexId":"ofr78378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-378","title":"Metropolitan land cover inventory using multiseasonal Landsat data","docAbstract":"As a part of the Pacific Northwest Land Resources Inventory Demonstration Project (PNLRIDP), planners from State, regional, and local agencies in Oregon are working with scientists from the EROS Data Center (USGS), Ames Research Center (NASA), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology) to obtain practical training and experience in the analysis of remotely sensed data collected from air and spacecraft. A 4,000 km2 area centered on metropolitan Portland was chosen as the demonstration site, and a four-date Landsat temporal overlay was created which contained January, April, July, and October data collected in 1973. Digital multispectral analysis of single dates and two-date combinations revealed that the spring-summer and summer-fall combinations were the most satisfactory for land cover inventory. Residential, commercial and industrial, improved open space, water, forested, and agriculture land cover categories were obtained consistently in the majority of classification iterations. Census tract and traffic zone boundaries were digitized and registered with the Landsat data to facilitate integration of the land cover information with socioeconomic and environmental data already available to Oregon planners.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78378","usgsCitation":"Todd, W.J., Hill, R., Henry, C., and Lake, B., 1978, Metropolitan land cover inventory using multiseasonal Landsat data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-378, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78378.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34715,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62da9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, William J.","contributorId":51595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, R.N.","contributorId":14243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, C.C.","contributorId":70243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lake, B.L.","contributorId":33575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lake","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":9912,"text":"ofr78691 - 1978 - Geology of the Arco-Big Southern Butte area, eastern Snake River Plain, and potential volcanic hazards to the radioactive waste management complex, and other waste storage and reactor facilities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T22:21:56.455564","indexId":"ofr78691","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-691","title":"Geology of the Arco-Big Southern Butte area, eastern Snake River Plain, and potential volcanic hazards to the radioactive waste management complex, and other waste storage and reactor facilities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Arco-Big Southern Butte area of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, includes a volcanic rift zone and more than 70 Holocene and late Quaternary basalt volcanoes. The Arco volcanic rift zone extends southeast for 50 km from Arco to about 10 km southeast of Big Southern Butte. The rift zone is the locus of extensional faults, graben, fissure basaltic volcanic vents, several rhyolite domes at Big Southern Butte, and a ferrolatite volcano at Cedar Butte. Limited radiometric age data and geological field criteria suggest that all volcanism in the area is younger than 700,000 years; at least 67 separate basaltic eruptions are estimated to have occurred within the last 200,000 years. The average volcanic recurrence interval for the Arco-Big Southern Butte area is approximately one eruption per 3,000 years. \r\n\r\nRadioactive waste storage and reactor facilities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory may be subject to potential volcanic hazards. The geologic history and inferred past volcanic events in the Arco-Big Southern Butte area provide a basis for assessing the volcanic hazard. It is recommended that a radiometric age-dating study be performed on rocks in cored drill holes to provide a more precise estimate of the eruption recurrence interval for the region surrounding and including the Radioactive Waste Management Complex. It is also recommended that several geophysical monitoring systems (dry tilt and seismic) be installed to provide adequate warning of future volcanic eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78691","usgsCitation":"Kuntz, M., and Kork, J.O., 1978, Geology of the Arco-Big Southern Butte area, eastern Snake River Plain, and potential volcanic hazards to the radioactive waste management complex, and other waste storage and reactor facilities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-691, v, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78691.","productDescription":"v, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393943,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74923.htm"},{"id":37702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0691/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0691/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Arco-Big Southern Butte area,  eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.8139,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3833,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3833,\n              44.3069\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8139,\n              44.3069\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8139,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kork, John O.","contributorId":20323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kork","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8681,"text":"ofr78933 - 1978 - Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T10:18:25","indexId":"ofr78933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-933","title":"Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978","docAbstract":"<p>Under the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Act of 1977, the federal government is significantly increasing its effort \"to reduce the risk of life and property from future earthquakes in the United States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective earthquake hazards reduction program\". This prgoram is sponsored primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation and includes research by geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, engineers, sociologists, educators, and public policy experts.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In the USGS program, there is a strong emphsis on effective communication of the results of research to a wide community of decision makers and users. This action is the key to implementation at all levels in federal, state, and local government, in the private sector, and on an individual basis.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey convened a workshop involving approximately 65 people on May 22-24, 1978 in Denver, Colorado, to examine the communication problem. The purpose of the workshop was to evaluate critically the information-flow process for a number of past experiences, including:</p>\n<p>(1) land use planning in Portola Valley, California,</p>\n<p>(2) the seismic safety element, Santa Clara County, California</p>\n<p>(3) earthquake preparedness, Puget Sound, Washington area,</p>\n<p>(4) mitigation of geological hazards in Colorado,</p>\n<p>(5) earthquake planning in the Mississippi-Arkansas-Tennessee area,</p>\n<p>(6) water resource and land use planning in the northeast United States,</p>\n<p>(7) acquiring and disseminating scientific and engineering information following an earthquake,</p>\n<p>(8) development, use, and review of geologic and seismological data fro sitting of nuclear power plants,</p>\n<p>(9) development and use of building codes that incorporate earthquake provisions,</p>\n<p>(10) use of research products produced in the HUD/USGS San Francisco Bay region study, and\n<p>(11) achieving landslide hazard reduction.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The objective was to identify the most significant lessons learned during the course of each experience and to develop recommendations for improving communication that might be incorporated in the search program of the USGS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78933","usgsCitation":"Hays, W., 1978, Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-933, 426 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78933.","productDescription":"426 p.","numberOfPages":"444","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286622,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0933/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66089d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Walter W.","contributorId":66669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Walter W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8682,"text":"ofr78943 - 1978 - Proceedings of Conference VI: Methodology for identifying seismic gaps and soon-to-break gaps: Convened under auspicies of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 25-27 May, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-17T10:09:51","indexId":"ofr78943","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-943","title":"Proceedings of Conference VI: Methodology for identifying seismic gaps and soon-to-break gaps: Convened under auspicies of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 25-27 May, 1978","docAbstract":"<p>The fifth conference in the continuing series under the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program was held at Massachusetts Institute of Technology on May 25- 27, 1978. Its theme was \"Methodology for Defining Seismic Gaps and Soon-to-Break Seismic Gaps.\" One of the proposed strategies for acquiring critical data on earthquake prediction is to identify soon-to-break gaps and to deploy a variety of instruments in the expected epicentral region. The Conference had as one of its major purposes the evaluation of our present capability to define gaps in general and soon-to-break gaps in particular, and thus to determine if the first step in the strategy proposed above could be fulfilled today.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78943","usgsCitation":"Isacks, B.L., and Plafker, G., 1978, Proceedings of Conference VI: Methodology for identifying seismic gaps and soon-to-break gaps: Convened under auspicies of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 25-27 May, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-943, 924 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78943.","productDescription":"924 p.","numberOfPages":"938","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78943.PNG"},{"id":318083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0943/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6608a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isacks, Bryan L.","contributorId":93912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isacks","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8927,"text":"ofr78405 - 1978 - Techniques for the evaluation of surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8927,"text":"ofr78405 - 1978 - Techniques for the evaluation of surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift","indexId":"ofr78405","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Techniques for the evaluation of surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5637,"text":"pp1052 - 1979 - A study of global sand seas","indexId":"pp1052","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"A study of global sand seas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5637,"text":"pp1052 - 1979 - A study of global sand seas","indexId":"pp1052","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"A study of global sand seas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T21:37:47.908408","indexId":"ofr78405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-405","title":"Techniques for the evaluation of surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to summarize briefly techniques presently in use by the U.S. Geological Survey (Denver) to analyze surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift. These techniques were developed for regional analysis of surface wind directional and energy characteristics in connection with Chapter F \"Dune Forms and Wind Regime\" in U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 1052, \"A study of Global Sand Seas\", (Fryberger, 1978). These techniques essentially aim at quantifying and standardizing methodology used to analyze different types of wind data. The methods also allow easy interpretation of energy and directional properties of wind regimes with particular reference to sand blown about deserts, both as dunes and as streamers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78405","usgsCitation":"Fryberger, S.G., 1978, Techniques for the evaluation of surface wind data in terms of eolian sand drift: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-405, ii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78405.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0405/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0405/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryberger, Steven G.","contributorId":10037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryberger","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7472,"text":"ofr78803 - 1978 - Radiometric results and areal distribution for granitic samples from the Granite Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T19:37:52.936149","indexId":"ofr78803","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-803","title":"Radiometric results and areal distribution for granitic samples from the Granite Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Analyses of surface samples from the Granite Mountains, Wyoming, generally agree with the findings from drilling at two different localities. The dominant Precambrian granitic rock type is the biotitic phase of the granite of Lankin Dome. This rock type is characterized by high potassium and anomalously high thorium concentrations, and is the most favorable granitic source for the uranium deposits in the surrounding area. Areal distribution patterns for radioelement concentrations show that the most favorable source regions are located closest to known uranium deposits.</p><p>Most of the granitic rocks in the Granite Mountains region are characterized by high thorium-uranium ratios. These high ratios are interpreted to be the result of uranium loss. Non-gaussian distribution of radioelement contents and poor correlation between radioelement pairs are interpreted to be the result of some redistribution of radioelements during the last phase of granite crystallization and to recent uranium loss. A good correlation between thorium and iron is attributed to the mobilization of thorium into microcrystalline iron oxides during a late portion of the magmatic history.</p><p>A comparison of sulfur data for surface and shallow drill-hole samples suggests that sulfur has been removed from the granite to at least a depth of 20 m. The loss of uranium and sulfur from these samples suggests that other trace elements found in association with uranium deposits might have been removed from the granite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78803","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., Bunker, C., Van Trump, G., and Bush, C.A., 1978, Radiometric results and areal distribution for granitic samples from the Granite Mountains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-803, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78803.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425087,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0803/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0803/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Granite Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.71730168958479,\n              42.65364636384814\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.71730168958479,\n              42.45334396464716\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.18171819349118,\n              42.45334396464716\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.18171819349118,\n              42.65364636384814\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.71730168958479,\n              42.65364636384814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":155777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, Carl M.","contributorId":45311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"Carl M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Trump, George","contributorId":19156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Trump","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bush, Charles A","contributorId":118320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":7502,"text":"ofr78121 - 1978 - Selected hydrologic data, 1931-77, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-17T17:28:25","indexId":"ofr78121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-121","title":"Selected hydrologic data, 1931-77, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area in east-central Utah includes a significant part of the State's coal resources and is currently (1977) the most active coal-mining area in the State.</p><p>This report presents data gathered by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a hydrologic reconnaissance carried out during the period July 1975-September 1977 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, as well as selected information for water-years 1931-75. The data were obtained in the field or from private, State, and other Federal agencies. The purpose of this report is to make the data available to those engaged in coal mining, to those assessing water resources that may possibly be affected by coal mining, and to supplement an interpretive report that will be published at a later date.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr78121","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Vickers, H., Upton, R.T., and Contratto, P., 1978, Selected hydrologic data, 1931-77, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-121, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78121.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-620&Title=Basic+Data+Report+31"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.85,38.75 ], [ -110.85,39.833 ], [ -111.5,39.833 ], [ -111.5,38.75 ], [ -110.85,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vickers, H.L.","contributorId":86740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vickers","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Upton, Robbin T.","contributorId":54320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Upton","given":"Robbin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Contratto, P. Kay","contributorId":15598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contratto","given":"P. Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8689,"text":"ofr78542 - 1978 - Playback Station #2 for Cal Net and 5-day-recorder tapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-02T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr78542","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-542","title":"Playback Station #2 for Cal Net and 5-day-recorder tapes","docAbstract":"A second system (Playback Station #2) has been set up to play back Cal Net 1\" tapes and 5-day-recorder 1/2\" tapes. As with the first playback system (Playback Station #1) the tapes are played back on a Bell and Howell VR3700B tape deck and the records are written out on a 16-channel direct-writing Siemens \"0scillomink.\" Separate reproduce heads, tape guides, and tape tension sensor rollers are required for playing back 111 tapes and 1/2\" tapes, but changing these tape deck components is a simple task that requires only a few minutes. The discriminators, patch panels, selector switches, filters, time code translators, and signal conditioning circuits for the time code translators and for the tape-speed-compensation signal are all mounted in an equipment rack that stands beside the playback tape deck. Changing playback speeds (15/16 ips or 3 3/4 ips) or changing from Cal Net tapes to 5-day-recorder tapes requires only flipping a few switches and/or changing a few patch cables on the patch panel (in addition to changing the reproduce heads, etc., to change from 1\" tape to 1/2\" tape). For the Cal Net tapes, the system provides for playback of 9 data channels (680 Hz thru 3060 Hz plus 400 Hz) and 3 time signals (IRIG-E, IRIG-C, and WWVB) at both 15/16 ips (x1 speed) and 3 3/4 ips (x4 speed). Available modes of compensation (using either a 4688 Hz reference or a 3125 Hz reference) are subtractive, capstan, capstan plus subtractive, or no compensation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78542","usgsCitation":"Eaton, J.P., 1978, Playback Station #2 for Cal Net and 5-day-recorder tapes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-542, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78542.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_78_542.gif"},{"id":257114,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0542/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7507,"text":"ofr78390 - 1978 - Site evaluation for U.S. Bureau of Mines experimental oil-shale mine, Piceance Creek basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr78390","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-390","title":"Site evaluation for U.S. Bureau of Mines experimental oil-shale mine, Piceance Creek basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is cooperating with the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the selection of a site for a shaft and experimental mine to be constructed in the Piceance Creek basin, Rio Blanco County, Colo. \r\n\r\nThe Piceance Creek basin, an asymmetric, northwest-trending large structural downwarp, is located approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the town of Meeker in Rio Blanco County, Colo. The oil-shale, dawsonite, nahcolite, and halite deposits of the Piceance Creek basin occur in the lacustrine Green River Formation of Eocene age. In the basin the Green River Formation comprises three members. In ascending order, they are the Douglas Creek, the Garden Gulch, and the Parachute Creek Members, \r\n\r\nFour sites are presented for consideration and evaluated on geology and hydrology with respect to shale-oil economics. Evaluated criteria include: (1) stratigraphy, (2) size of site, (3) oil-shale yield, (4) representative quantities of the saline minerals dawsonite and nahcolite, which must be present with a minimum amount of halite, (5) thickness of a 'leached' saline zone, (6) geologic structure, (7) engineering characteristics of rock, (8) representative surface and ground-water conditions, with emphasis on waste disposal and dewatering, and (9) environmental considerations. \r\n\r\nSerious construction and support problems are anticipated in sinking a deep shaft in the Piceance Creek basin. The two major concerns will be dealing with incompetent rock and large inflow of saline ground water, particularly in the leached zone. Engineering support problems will include stabilizing and hardening the rock from which a certain amount of ground water has been removed. \r\n\r\nThe relative suitability of the four potential oil-shale experimental shaft sites in the Piceance Creek basin has been considered on the basis of all available geologic, hydrologic, and engineering data; site 2 is preferred to sites 1, 3, and 4, The units in this report are presented in the form: metric (English). Both units of measurement are necessary as measurements were taken in English units, and most of the contracting agencies involved are using predominantly English units.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78390","usgsCitation":"Ege, J.R., Leavesley, G., Steele, G., and Weeks, J., 1978, Site evaluation for U.S. Bureau of Mines experimental oil-shale mine, Piceance Creek basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-390, ii, 42 p. :ill., maps, graphs (some fold.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78390.","productDescription":"ii, 42 p. :ill., maps, graphs (some fold.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0390/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34962,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0390/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f179f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ege, John R.","contributorId":69534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ege","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, G.S.","contributorId":79886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weeks, J.B.","contributorId":61426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8980,"text":"ofr78186 - 1978 - Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:08:29","indexId":"ofr78186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-186","title":"Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques","docAbstract":"<p>Computer-aided techniques for interpreting multispectral data acquired by Landsat offer economies in the mapping of land cover. Even so, the actual establishment of the statistical classes, or \"signatures,\" is one of the relatively more costly operations involved. Analysts have therefore been seeking cost-saving signature extension techniques that would accept training data acquired for one time or place and apply them to another. Opportunities to extend signatures occur in preprocessing steps and in the classification steps that follow. In the present example, land cover classes were derived by the simplest and most direct form of signature extension: Classes statistically derived from a Landsat scene for the Puget Sound area, Wash., were applied to the Portland area, Oreg., using data for the next Landsat scene acquired less than 25 seconds down orbit. Many features can be recognized on the reduced-scale version of the Portland land cover map shown in this report, although no statistical assessment of its accuracy is available.</p>\n<p>The cost of classifying 5,607 square kilometers (2,165 sq. mi.) in the Portland area was less than 8 cents per square kilometer ($0.0788, or $0.2041 per square mile). Besides saving in costs, this and other signature extension techniques may be useful in completing land use and land cover mapping in other large areas where multispectral and multitemporal Landsat data are available in digital form but other source materials are generally lacking.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78186","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, L., 1978, Low-cost computer classification of land cover in the Portland area, Oregon, by signature extension techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-186, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78186.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36627,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0186/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"439.47 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"86000","country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Portland area, Puget Sound region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.40942382812501,\n              50.324422739309384\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.498291015625,\n              49.18170338770663\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36572265625,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.068115234375,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.40942382812501,\n              50.324422739309384\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7580,"text":"ofr791188 - 1978 - Tin and related elements in sediments and beach sands from Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:28:53.94097","indexId":"ofr791188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1188","title":"Tin and related elements in sediments and beach sands from Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey","docAbstract":"<p>Sixty samples of sediments from stream beds, outwash plains, and beaches were collected in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey by Fred L. Klinger,<br>U.S. Bureau of Mines, as part of the field work undertaken by the National Geographic-Smithsonian Pyrotechnological Expedition of 1968. Facilities for the analysis of the samples for tin and other metals were not immediately available, but in 1973 arrangements were made for analyses to be made on a time-permitting basis in the U.S. Geological Survey. The original purpose in collecting the samples was to determine whether tin was present in amounts indicative of sources for tin ores used in antiquity for the manufacture of bronze. The results of the analyses not only permitted an evaluation of the potential for tin in the localities sampled, but also afforded chemical and mineralogical data that were interpretable in the context of regional potential for other elements of current industrial use. These include gold, base metals, ferro-alloy metals, beryllium, rare earths, and barium. </p><p>The original 60 samples of sand were sieved to make three size fraction (&gt;0.707 mm, &lt;O.707-&gt;O.177 mm, and &lt;0.177 mm) for spectrographic and chemical analysis. Splits of these fractions were used for replicate analyses to permit evaluation of the precision of the analytical procedures. Further splitting of the &lt;0.707-&gt;0.177 mm sand gave fractions from each sample that were separated in bromoform. Concentrates from the heavy-liquid separations were divided magnetically into six parts from most magnetic to least magnetic. These concentrates were analyzed spectrographically.</p><p>The precision of the spectrographic analyses is well within the limits of precision expected from semiquantitative procedures. Such precision allows semiquantitative spectrographic procedures to be used with confidence as a valuable tool for reconnaissance investigations in which multi-element analyses are necessary.</p><p>The analyses of the various fractions of sediments and sediment concentrates indicate the sample media in which an element was most likely to occur. Tin exhibited no preferential concentration into any particular medium. However, many elements with which tin is associated, and other elements of industrial use, do concentrate into one or more of the sample media. This indication of a preferred medium permits interpretation of the analyses as to the best sample medium for a particular element in the environment of western Asia.</p><p>Cassiterite and/or tin were detected in many samples from Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey, but in most of the samples the tin was present in normal crustal abundance. Sixteen samples, including seven from Afghanistan, eight from Iran, and one from Turkey contain unusually large amounts of tin. The most notable areas of anomalous tin are near Mirzaka, Qala-i-Asad, and Shah Agha in Afghanistan; near Meshed, Shir Kuh, Natanz, Nodus, and Talmesi in Iran; and on the shore of the Balck Sea just west of Trabzon in Turkey. Even in these localities the tin appears to be a minor element associated with other ores. The most common association of tin is with copper at known mineralized areas. This relation may have historical significance in the context of the development of bronze.</p><p>The results of the analyses provided geochemical data on the distribution of other elements of industrial use and clearly identified nine of the ten known mineral deposits represented by the samples. The known metallization at the reported deposits may be only a part of more complex groups of metals.</p><p>In Afghanistan an array of anomalous elements at the known gold placers around Mirzaka and along the Anguri River signals the presence of complex ore deposits. These elements are silver, arsenic, gold, bismuth, cadmium, copper, mercury, indium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, tin, thallium, tungsten, and zinc. They may indicate a Carlin-type gold deposit in which the wall-rocks are enriched in micron-sized particles of gold. Other localities in Afghanistan signalled by the results of the analyses to be anomalous and to merit further geochemical exploration are: (1) a reach of the Panjshir River for beryllium, lead, zinc, chromium and nickel; (2) the area near Bamian for beryllium; (3) the Siakhak village area for gold and copper; (4) around Qala-i-Asad and Shah Agha for lead, zinc, gold, and tungsten. Some attention to the distribution of monazite around Siakhak, Shahjui, Qala-i-Asad, and Shah Agha is justified to determine if this ore mineral for the rare earths and thorium is enriched over its normally expectable trace as an accessory mineral in granitic rocks, pelitic schists, and gneisses.</p><p>In Iran, the pluton of granodiorite porphyry near Sar Cheshmeh, an area where a huge porphyry copper deposit was being investigated by the Geological Survey of Iran when the present samples were collected in 1968, shows as a strong geochemical anomaly for copper and molybdenum.</p><p>The granitic area near Meshed is geochemically enriched persistently in beryllium, tin, and barium, and locally in gold, lanthanum, niobium, yttrium, and other elements. This area deserves a thorough regional geochemical survey for beryl and nonberyl sources of beryllium, for fluorite, and for the ores of niobium, tin, barium, the rare earths, and thorium. Other localities in Iran that merit geochemical exploration on the basis of these data are: ;1) the areas between Tabas and Deyhuk, east of Naiband, and south of Naiband for barium and zinc; (2) a locality about midway between Kerman and Sirdjan for barium, lanthanum, strontium, and zinc; (4) the Meskani copper mine area for mercury, lead, and nickel as well as copper; (5) the Talmesi copper mine area for such other elements as barium, cobalt, mercury, strontium, and zinc; (6) a small pluton of granodiorite north of Natanz for tungsten and base metals; (7) the vicinity of Zendjan for auriferous polymetallic sufide deposits; (8) gold in the gorge 15 km east of Miyaneh; and (9) the area near Nodus for gold, base metals, molybdenum, and niobium, and possibly uranium.</p><p>The Harsit River basin in Turkey appears to be a suitable target for geochemical exploration for gold and low-temperature hydrothermal deposits of base metals, barium, and mercury.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791188","usgsCitation":"Domenico, J.A., Overstreet, W., Hubert, A., and Tripp, R.B., 1978, Tin and related elements in sediments and beach sands from Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1188, vii, 267 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791188.","productDescription":"vii, 267 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1188/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.36931,29.30328],[61.77187,28.69933],[62.72783,28.25964],[62.75543,27.37892],[63.2339,27.21705],[63.31663,26.75653],[61.87419,26.23997],[61.49736,25.07824],[59.61613,25.38016],[58.52576,25.60996],[57.39725,25.7399],[56.97077,26.96611],[56.49214,27.1433],[55.72371,26.96463],[54.71509,26.48066],[53.4931,26.81237],[52.4836,27.58085],[51.52076,27.86569],[50.85295,28.81452],[50.11501,30.14777],[49.57685,29.98572],[48.94133,30.31709],[48.56797,29.92678],[48.01457,30.45246],[48.0047,30.98514],[47.68529,30.98485],[47.8492,31.70918],[47.33466,32.46916],[46.10936,33.01729],[45.41669,33.9678],[45.64846,34.74814],[46.15179,35.09326],[46.07634,35.67738],[45.42062,35.97755],[44.77267937971727,37.170432731592356],[44.29345,37.00151],[43.94226,37.25623],[42.77913,37.38526],[42.34959,37.22987],[41.21209,37.07435],[40.67326,37.09128],[39.52258,36.71605],[38.69989,36.71293],[38.16773,36.90121],[37.06676,36.62304],[36.73949,36.81752],[36.68539,36.2597],[36.41755,36.04062],[36.14976,35.82153],[35.78208,36.275],[36.16082,36.65061],[35.55094,36.56544],[34.71455,36.79553],[34.02689,36.21996],[32.50916,36.10756],[31.6996,36.64428],[30.62162,36.67786],[30.3911,36.26298],[29.69998,36.14436],[28.7329,36.67683],[27.64119,36.65882],[27.04877,37.65336],[26.31822,38.20813],[26.8047,38.98576],[26.17079,39.46361],[27.28002,40.42001],[28.81998,40.46001],[29.24,41.21999],[31.14593,41.08762],[32.34798,41.73626],[33.51328,42.01896],[35.1677,42.04022],[36.91313,41.33536],[38.34766,40.94859],[39.51261,41.10276],[40.37343,41.01367],[41.55408,41.53566],[42.61955,41.58317],[43.58275,41.09214],[43.75266,40.7402],[43.65644,40.25356],[44.40001,40.005],[44.79399,39.713],[44.95269,39.33576],[45.45772,38.87414],[46.14362,38.7412],[46.50572,38.77061],[47.68508,39.50836],[48.0601,39.58224],[48.35553,39.28876],[48.01074,38.79401],[48.63438,38.27038],[48.88325,38.32025],[49.19961,37.58287],[50.14777,37.37457],[50.84235,36.87281],[52.26402,36.70042],[53.82579,36.96503],[53.9216,37.19892],[54.8003,37.39242],[55.51158,37.96412],[56.18037,37.93513],[56.61937,38.12139],[57.33043,38.02923],[58.43615,37.52231],[59.23476,37.41299],[60.37764,36.52738],[61.12307,36.4916],[61.21082,35.65007]]],[[[27.19238,40.69057],[26.35801,40.15199],[26.04335,40.61775],[26.05694,40.82412],[26.2946,40.93626],[26.6042,41.56211],[26.11704,41.8269],[27.13574,42.14148],[27.99672,42.00736],[28.11552,41.62289],[28.98844,41.29993],[28.80644,41.05496],[27.61902,40.99982],[27.19238,40.69057]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domenico, J. A.","contributorId":12028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenico","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, A.E.","contributorId":107677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tripp, R. B.","contributorId":88707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":7602,"text":"ofr78502 - 1978 - 1978 Water Quality Laboratory services catalog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T19:30:09.38139","indexId":"ofr78502","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-502","title":"1978 Water Quality Laboratory services catalog","docAbstract":"<p>The information in this catalog is provided to assist field personnel in the selection of determinations, the estimation of costs, the calculation of sample volume requirements, the identification of the necessary sample treatment and in the evaluation of the precision of the laboratory data. The major section of the catalog is the table of determinations which includes the cost, required sample volume, sample treatment, and precision. This table is divided into three sections: Inorganic determinations, organic determinations, and biological determinations.</p><p>The \"Inorganic determinations\" are subdivided into major ions, major nutrients, trace constituents, physical parameters, and radiochemical measurements. The \"Organic determinations\" are subdivided into gross measures, pesticides, and munition products. The \"Biological determinations\" are subdivided into gross measures, periphyton, phytoplankton and benthic invertebrates.</p><p>Regardless of the outline form attempted, exceptions and gray areas were encountered. Generally, exceptions were placed into the groups based on a sample designation. As a result, frequent use of the index may be required until users become familiar with the catalog.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78502","usgsCitation":"Friedman, L., 1978, 1978 Water Quality Laboratory services catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-502, viii, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78502.","productDescription":"viii, 150 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422923,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0502/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0502/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4912e4b0b290850eedbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Linda C.","contributorId":98702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Linda C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10003,"text":"ofr78438 - 1978 - Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:44:26.668776","indexId":"ofr78438","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-438","title":"Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"<p>During 1975-77 the Montana district of the U.S. Geological Survey collected and assembled data describing the flow, temperature, and chemical characteristics of thermal and related waters. The work was part of an assessment of the geothermal resources of southwestern Montana, excluding Yellowstone Park. The purpose of this report is to present representative data from 24 thermal springs and 3 deep wells where water temperatures exceed 38°C (100°F).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78438","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., Brosten, T.M., and Midtlyng, N.A., 1978, Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-438, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78438.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              44.45354114928685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43088341514704,\n              44.45354114928685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43088341514704,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brosten, Tordis M.","contributorId":72790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"Tordis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Midtlyng, Norman A. nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Norman","email":"nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":10004,"text":"ofr78199 - 1978 - Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:11:17.391781","indexId":"ofr78199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-199","title":"Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality in and adjacent to geothermal lease-application areas near Chico and Hunters Hot Springs was investigated during two surveys in October 1976 and April 1977. The resulting data were needed to evaluate the effects of proposed geothermal exploration and development on the Yellowstone River and its tributaries.</p><p>Waters from the two hot springs, the Yellowstone River, and its tributaries that drain the proposed lease areas are generally suitable for drinking, except for excessive concentrations of fluoride and hydrogen sulfide in waters from Hunters Hot Springs. The water from Chico Hot Springs is suitable for irrigation, but the water from Hunters Hot Springs presents a very high sodium and a medium salinity hazard and is generally unsatisfactory for irrigation.</p><p>The effect of the thermal waters on streamflow and chemical discharge of the Yellowstone River during the surveys was negligible and less than the accepted error of measurement. Production of higher volumes of more concentrated water can be expected to accompany testing and development of the geothermal resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78199","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., Shields, R.R., and Midtlyng, N.A., 1978, Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-199, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78199.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0199/Report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Park County, Sweet Grass County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.28416666666666,45.333333333333336 ], [ -110.28416666666666,45.516666666666666 ], [ -109.75,45.516666666666666 ], [ -109.75,45.333333333333336 ], [ -110.28416666666666,45.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e553f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, Ronald R.","contributorId":64655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Midtlyng, Norman A. nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Norman","email":"nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7670,"text":"ofr78446 - 1978 - Neogene biostratigraphy of selected areas in the California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T11:14:22","indexId":"ofr78446","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-446","title":"Neogene biostratigraphy of selected areas in the California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"<p>These papers on the marine Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) of California are intended to provide orientation and documentation for a field conference on the Neogene biostratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges. They also constitute status reports on the age and correlation of key sections in Neogene basins of coastal California. Many new biostratigraphic data, particularly on planktic microfossils, are incorporated in these resumes.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Field conference on the marine neogene of California, International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) Project 114, third working group meeting in California","conferenceDate":"June 21-24, 1978","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78446","usgsCitation":"1978, Neogene biostratigraphy of selected areas in the California Coast Ranges: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-446, iii, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78446.","productDescription":"iii, 109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0446/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0446/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d9b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Addicott, Warren O.","contributorId":80668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addicott","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725877,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8703,"text":"ofr78872 - 1978 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:16","indexId":"ofr78872","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-872","title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","docAbstract":"The National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) is a national confederation of water-oriented organizations working to improve access to water data. It consists of member organizations from all sectors of the water-data community. This Directory provides the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all NAWDEX member organizations and their designated NAWDEX representatives. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78872","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M.D., and Nokes, J.M., 1978, Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-872, vi, 35 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78872.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Melvin D.","contributorId":94305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokes, Janet M.","contributorId":103274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokes","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7698,"text":"ofr78163 - 1978 - Tabulation of geochemical data furnished by 109 laboratories for six geochemical exploration reference samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T22:19:20.60527","indexId":"ofr78163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-163","title":"Tabulation of geochemical data furnished by 109 laboratories for six geochemical exploration reference samples","docAbstract":"<div><span>All of the data are tabulated here (Table 1-43) that we have received through August, 1977 on the six reference samples that were sent to 247 laboratories. Data were received from 109 laboratories.</span></div><div><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></div><div><span>The data are tabulated by method of analysis and by element.</span></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78163","usgsCitation":"Allcott, G.H., and Lakin, H.W., 1978, Tabulation of geochemical data furnished by 109 laboratories for six geochemical exploration reference samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-163, viii, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78163.","productDescription":"viii, 199 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6873ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allcott, Glenn H.","contributorId":29422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allcott","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, Hubert William","contributorId":54578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"Hubert","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7701,"text":"ofr78938 - 1978 - Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T23:19:06.278963","indexId":"ofr78938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-938","title":"Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Available surface-water and ground-water data were compiled for the parts of the Gunnison River basin in and adjacent to the Crested Butte coal field. The data were evaluated to assess the quantity and quality of water resources in the area for use in hydraulic coal mining.</p><p>Based on discharge records, surface-water supplies of most streams should be adequate to meet the demands for hydraulic mining of 1 million tons of coal per year with a recycled water system. However, on some of the smaller streams in the area, some storage of water may be required for use during low-flow periods to meet minimum-flow requirements for downstream reaches. Ground water from alluvium along major streams and rivers and, in certain parts of the study area, from the Dakota and Entrada Sandstones, is also a potential source of water for hydraulic coal mining.</p><p>The surface and ground water in the study area should be of adequate quality for use in hydraulic coal mining, with the possible exception of Coal Creek which has excessive concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc. Data are insufficient to assess the potential impact of hydraulic coal mining on downstream water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78938","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Britton, L.J., and Boyd, E.L., 1978, Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-938, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78938.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Crested Butte coal field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Elaine L.","contributorId":103277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7702,"text":"ofr78885 - 1978 - Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Grand Hogback coal field: Garfield and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr78885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-885","title":"Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Grand Hogback coal field: Garfield and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Surface-water and ground-water data were compiled for the parts of the Colorado River and the White River basins in and adjacent to the Grand Hogback coal field. The data were evaluated to assess the quantity and quality of water resources available in the area for use in hydraulic coal mining. Based on discharge records, surface-water supplies of most streams should be adequate to meet the demands for hydraulic mining of 1 million tons of coal per year with a recycled water system. However, on some of the smaller streams in the area, some storage of water may be required for use during low-flow periods to meet minimum-flow requirements for downstream reaches. Other potential sources of water include Rifle Gap Reservoir, Harvey Gap Reservoir, and ground water from valley-fill deposits along major streams and rivers. The surface water and ground water should be of adequate quality for use in hydraulic mining, with the possible exceptions of suspended-sediment concentrations that periodically may be as much as 18,800 milligrams per liter in streams in the Rifle Creek drainage, and dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 20,000 milligrams per liter in some aquifers. Data are insufficient to assess the potential impact of hydraulic coal mining on downstream water quality. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78885","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Britton, L.J., and Boyd, E.L., 1978, Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Grand Hogback coal field: Garfield and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-885, iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (66 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78885.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (66 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0885/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35163,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0885/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Elaine L.","contributorId":103277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7725,"text":"ofr78562 - 1978 - Interpretation of electromagnetic extra-low-frequency soundings in the Randsburg, California, Known Geothermal Resource Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T22:18:21.003954","indexId":"ofr78562","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-562","title":"Interpretation of electromagnetic extra-low-frequency soundings in the Randsburg, California, Known Geothermal Resource Area","docAbstract":"<p>An electromagnetic (EM) controlled source survey was made during the period Nov. 30, 1977, to Dec. 13, 1977, in the Randsburg, California, Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA). This report summarizes the observed extra-low-frequency (ELF) data and least squares interpretation using a computer program developed by Anderson (1977). The results are given in tabular form along with observed and calculated amplitude and phase plots. In addition, one vertical electrical sounding (VES) was obtained and a graphical solution is included via a Schlumberger inversion program developed by Zohdy (1973).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78562","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.L., 1978, Interpretation of electromagnetic extra-low-frequency soundings in the Randsburg, California, Known Geothermal Resource Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-562, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78562.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0562/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0562/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Randsburg","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.66417464329976,\n              35.37343964583343\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.66417464329976,\n              35.363645109835716\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.64855999660662,\n              35.363645109835716\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.64855999660662,\n              35.37343964583343\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.66417464329976,\n              35.37343964583343\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7739,"text":"ofr78332 - 1978 - Discharge, gage height, and elevation of 100-year floods in the Hudson River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:04","indexId":"ofr78332","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-332","title":"Discharge, gage height, and elevation of 100-year floods in the Hudson River basin, New York","docAbstract":"The flood discharge that may be expected to be equaled or exceeded on the average of once in 100 years (100-year flood) was computed by the log-Pearson Type-III frequency relation for 72 stations in the Hudson River basin. These discharges and, where available, their corresponding gage height and elevation above mean sea level are presented in tabular form. A short explanation of computation methods is included. The data are to be used as part of a federally funded study of the water resources and related land resources of the Hudson River basin. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78332","usgsCitation":"Archer, R.J., 1978, Discharge, gage height, and elevation of 100-year floods in the Hudson River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-332, ii, 11 p., 1 sheet :map (fold. in envelope) ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78332.","productDescription":"ii, 11 p., 1 sheet :map (fold. in envelope) ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0332/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35198,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0332/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0332/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archer, Roger J.","contributorId":108106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7740,"text":"ofr78333 - 1978 - Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:04","indexId":"ofr78333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-333","title":"Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs","docAbstract":"Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flow at 67 gaging stations and 173 partial-record stations in the Hudson River basin are given in tabular form. Variation of the 7-day, 10-year low flow from point to point in selected reaches, and the corresponding times of travel, are shown graphically for Wawayanda Creek, Wallkill River, Woodbury-Moodna Creek, and the Fishkill Creek basins. The 7-day, 10-year low flow for the Saw Kill basin, and estimates of the 7-day, 10-year low flow of the Roeliff Jansen Kill at Ancram and of Birch Creek at Pine Hill, are given. Summaries of discharge from Rondout and Ashokan Reservoirs, in Ulster County, are also included. \r\n\r\nMinimum average 7-day, 10-year flow for gaging stations with 10 years or more of record were determined by log-Pearson Type III computation; those for partial-record stations were developed by correlation of discharge measurements made at the partial-record stations with discharge data from appropriate long-term gaging stations. The variation in low flows from point to point within the selected subbasins were estimated from available data and regional regression formula. Time of travel at these flows in the four subbasins was estimated from available data and Boning's equations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78333","usgsCitation":"Archer, R.J., 1978, Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-333, iii, 33 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78333.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35200,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archer, Roger J.","contributorId":108106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8707,"text":"ofr78398 - 1978 - Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8707,"text":"ofr78398 - 1978 - Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U.S. Geological Survey","indexId":"ofr78398","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U.S. Geological Survey"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57096,"text":"ofr80555 - 1980 - Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U. S. Geological Survey","indexId":"ofr80555","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U. S. Geological Survey"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":57096,"text":"ofr80555 - 1980 - Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U. S. Geological Survey","indexId":"ofr80555","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U. S. Geological Survey"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:16","indexId":"ofr78398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-398","title":"Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"This report contains codes for the identification of public and private organizations listed in computerized data systems. These codes are used by the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX), National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE), National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC), and Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC). The format structure of the codes is discussed and instructions are given for requesting new codes. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78398","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M.D., and Drilleau, M.O., 1978, Identification codes for organizations listed in computerized data systems of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-398, vi, 58 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78398.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94868,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0398/report.pdf","size":"2531","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0398/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Melvin D.","contributorId":94305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drilleau, Margery O.","contributorId":25151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drilleau","given":"Margery","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}