Infection incidence increases with the average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals. Contact rates are normally assumed to increase linearly with host density. However, social species seek out each other at low density and saturate their contact rates at high densities. Although predicting epidemic behaviour requires knowing how contact rates scale with host density, few empirical studies have investigated the effect of host density. Also, most theory assumes each host has an equal probability of transmitting parasites, even though individual parasite load and infection duration can vary. To our knowledge, the relative importance of characteristics of the primary infected host vs. the susceptible population has never been tested experimentally.
Here, we examine epidemics using a common ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting its guppy host (Poecilia reticulata). Hosts were maintained at different densities (3, 6, 12 and 24 fish in 40 L aquaria), and we monitored gyrodactylids both at a population and individual host level. Although parasite population size increased with host density, the probability of an epidemic did not. Epidemics were more likely when the primary infected fish had a high mean intensity and duration of infection. Epidemics only occurred if the primary infected host experienced more than 23 worm days. Female guppies contracted infections sooner than males, probably because females have a higher propensity for shoaling.
These findings suggest that in social hosts like guppies, the frequency of social contact largely governs disease epidemics independent of host density.
Four independent ground-motion simulation codes are used to model the strong ground motion for three earthquakes: 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge, 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta, and 1999 Mw 7.5 Izmit. These 12 sets of synthetics are used to make estimates of the variability in ground-motion predictions. In addition, ground-motion predictions over a grid of sites are used to estimate parametric uncertainty for changes in rupture velocity. We find that the combined model uncertainty and random variability of the simulations is in the same range as the variability of regional empirical ground-motion data sets. The majority of the standard deviations lie between 0.5 and 0.7 natural-log units for response spectra and 0.5 and 0.8 for Fourier spectra. The estimate of model epistemic uncertainty, based on the different model predictions, lies between 0.2 and 0.4, which is about one-half of the estimates for the standard deviation of the combined model uncertainty and random variability. Parametric uncertainty, based on variation of just the average rupture velocity, is shown to be consistent in amplitude with previous estimates, showing percentage changes in ground motion from 50% to 300% when rupture velocity changes from 2.5 to 2.9 km/s. In addition, there is some evidence that mean biases can be reduced by averaging ground-motion estimates from different methods.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110028","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Frankel, A., Liu, P., Zeng, Y., and Rahman, S., 2011, Model and parametric uncertainty in source-based kinematic models of earthquake ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 5, p. 2431-2452, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110028.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2431","endPage":"2452","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Pengcheng","contributorId":63522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Pengcheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahman, Shariftur","contributorId":82839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"Shariftur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003906,"text":"70003906 - 2011 - Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T16:37:51.843591","indexId":"70003906","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots","docAbstract":"Chronic by‐catch of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) pots is a concern for terrapin conservation along the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Despite the availability of by‐catch reduction devices (BRDs) for crab pots, adoption of BRDs has not been mandated and by‐catch of terrapins continues. We conducted experimental fishing studies in North Carolina's year‐round blue crab fishery from 2000 to 2004 to evaluate the ability of various BRDs to reduce terrapin by‐catch without a concomitant reduction in the catch of blue crabs. In 4,822 crab pot days fished, we recorded only 21 terrapin captures. Estimated capture rates were 0.003 terrapins/pot per day in hard crab experimental fishing and 0.008 terrapins/pot per day in peeler experimental fishing. All terrapin captures occurred from April to mid‐May within 321.4 m of the shoreline. Longer soak times produced more dead terrapins, with 4 live and 4 dead during hard crab experimental fishing and 11 live and 2 dead during peeler experimental fishing. The 4.0‐cm BRDs in fall and 4.5‐cm and 5.0‐cm BRDs in spring reduced the catch of legal‐sized male hard crabs by 26.6%, 21.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. Only the 5.0‐cm BRDs did not significantly affect the catch of legal‐sized hard male crabs. However, BRDs had no measurable effect on catch of target crabs in the peeler crab fishery. Our results identify 3 complementary and economically feasible tools for blue crab fishery managers to exclude terrapins from commercially fished crab pots in North Carolina: 1) gear modifications (e.g., BRDs); 2) distance‐to‐shore restrictions; and 3) time‐of‐year regulations. These measures combined could provide a reduction in terrapin by‐catch of up to 95% without a significant reduction in target crab catch.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.49","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., and Crowder, L.B., 2011, Mitigating by-catch of diamondback terrapins in crab pots: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 264-272, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.49.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.72863401788879\n ],\n [\n -76.43531799316406,\n 34.72863401788879\n ],\n [\n -76.43531799316406,\n 34.8183131456094\n ],\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.8183131456094\n ],\n [\n -76.52458190917967,\n 34.72863401788879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowder, Larry B.","contributorId":68024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004057,"text":"70004057 - 2011 - Selenium concentrations and enzyme activities of glutathione metabolism in wild long-tailed ducks and common eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T19:19:26.992682","indexId":"70004057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium concentrations and enzyme activities of glutathione metabolism in wild long-tailed ducks and common eiders","docAbstract":"The relationships of selenium (Se) concentrations in whole blood with plasma activities of total glutathione peroxidase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were studied in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and common eiders (Somateria mollissima) sampled along the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska, USA. Blood Se concentrations were >8 μg/g wet weight in both species. Linear regression revealed that the activities of total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase were significantly related to Se concentrations only in long-tailed ducks, raising the possibility that these birds were experiencing early oxidative stress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.522","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., Hoffman, D.J., and Flint, P.L., 2011, Selenium concentrations and enzyme activities of glutathione metabolism in wild long-tailed ducks and common eiders: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1479-1481, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.522.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1481","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023380","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Prudhoe Bay","otherGeospatial":"Spy Islands to Brownlow Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.09521484375,\n 70.83024762385253\n ],\n [\n -150.13916015625,\n 70.39997823747066\n ],\n [\n -148.95263671875,\n 70.34831755984781\n ],\n [\n -147.3046875,\n 70.11795869529236\n ],\n [\n -146.00830078125,\n 70.0880468606124\n ],\n [\n -145.3271484375,\n 69.9980521068182\n ],\n [\n -145.17333984375,\n 70.30393290852346\n ],\n [\n -146.0302734375,\n 70.46620742226558\n ],\n [\n -146.79931640625,\n 70.56149224990759\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 70.74347779138229\n ],\n [\n -148.0078125,\n 70.75072302031475\n ],\n [\n -148.99658203125,\n 70.75072302031475\n ],\n [\n -150.09521484375,\n 70.83024762385253\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005230,"text":"70005230 - 2011 - Secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone in the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris, with implications for assessing conservation status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70005230","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone in the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris, with implications for assessing conservation status","docAbstract":"Environmental and anthropogenic stressors can affect wildlife populations in a number of ways. For marine mammals (e.g. the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris), certain stressors or conservation risk factors have been identified, but sublethal effects have been very difficult to assess using traditional methods. The development of 'biomarkers' allows us to correlate effects, such as impaired reproduction, with possible causes. A recently developed biomarker (anti-Müllerian hormone, AMH) provides an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of gonadal function. The study objective was to determine AMH levels in wild manatees. In total, 28 male and 17 female manatee serum samples were assayed. Animal demographics included collection date, body weight (kg) and total length (cm). In certain cases, age of individuals was also known. AMH levels ranged from 160 to 2451.85 ng ml-1 (mean = 844.65 ng ml-1) in males and 0.00 to 0.38 ng ml-1 (mean = 0.10 ng ml-1) in females. Linear regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between male AMH levels and body weight (R2 = 0.452; p < 0.001) and length (R2 = 0.338; p < 0.001). Due to the small sample size, regression analyses for female AMH and body weight and length were not significant. This represents the first report of AMH detection in a marine mammal. AMH levels in male manatees are the highest of any species observed to date, whereas levels in females are within reported ranges. Further studies will promote improved conservation decision by assessing AMH levels in the manatee as a function of various stressors including, but not limited to, nutritional status, serious injuries (e.g. watercraft collisions), exposure to biotoxins or contaminants, or disease.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., Reynolds, J., Wetzel, D.L., Schwierzke-Wade, L., Bonde, R.K., Breuel, K.F., and Roudebush, W.E., 2011, Secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone in the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris, with implications for assessing conservation status: Endangered Species Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 107-112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v14/n2/p107-112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Rhian C.","contributorId":27990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rhian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, John E. III","contributorId":72515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"John E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Dana L.","contributorId":38272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwierzke-Wade, Leslie","contributorId":18892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwierzke-Wade","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breuel, Kevin F.","contributorId":28732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuel","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roudebush, William E.","contributorId":45445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roudebush","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006138,"text":"sir20115176 - 2011 - Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5176","title":"Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois","docAbstract":"Boneyard Creek—which drains an urbanized watershed in the cities of Champaign and Urbana, Illinois, including part of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) campus—has historically been prone to flooding. Using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), a hydrologic and hydraulic model of Boneyard Creek was developed for the design of the projects making up the first phase of a long-term plan for flood control on Boneyard Creek, and the construction of the projects was completed in May 2003. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Cities of Champaign and Urbana and UIUC, installed and operated stream and rain gages in order to obtain data for evaluation of the design-model simulations. In this study, design-model simulations were evaluated by using observed postconstruction precipitation and peak-discharge data. Between May 2003 and September 2008, five high-flow events on Boneyard Creek satisfied the study criterion. The five events were simulated with the design model by using observed precipitation. The simulations were run with two different values of the parameter controlling the soil moisture at the beginning of the storms and two different ways of spatially distributing the precipitation, making a total of four simulation scenarios. The simulated and observed peak discharges and stages were compared at gaged locations along the Creek. The discharge at one of these locations was deemed to be critical for evaluating the design model. The uncertainty of the measured peak discharge was also estimated at the critical location with a method based on linear regression of the stage and discharge relation, an estimate of the uncertainty of the acoustic Doppler velocity meter measurements, and the uncertainty of the stage measurements. For four of the five events, the simulated peak discharges lie within the 95-percent confidence interval of the observed peak discharges at the critical location; the fifth was just outside the upper end of this interval. For two of the four simulation scenarios, the simulation results for one event at the critical location were numerically unstable in the vicinity of the discharge peak. For the remaining scenarios, the simulated peak discharges over the five events at the critical location differ from the observed peak discharges (simulated minus observed) by an average of 7.7 and -1.5 percent, respectively. The simulated peak discharges over the four events for which all scenarios have numerically stable results at the critical location differs from the observed peak discharges (simulated minus observed) by an average of -6.8, 4.0, -5.4, and 1.5 percent, for the four scenarios, respectively. Overall, the discharge peaks simulated for this study at the critical location are approximately balanced between overprediction and underprediction and do not indicate significant model bias or inaccuracy. Additional comparisons were made by using peak stages at the critical location and two additional sites and using peak discharges at one additional site. These comparisons showed the same pattern of differences between observed and simulated values across events but varying biases depending on streamgage and measurement type (discharge or stage). Altogether, the results from this study show no clear evidence that the design model is significantly inaccurate or biased and, therefore, no clear evidence that the modeled flood-control projects in Champaign and on the University of Illinois campus have increased flood stages or discharges downstream in Urbana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Champaign, Illinois, the City of Urbana, Illinois, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Soong, D., and Holmes, R.R., 2011, Using observed postconstruction peak discharges to evaluate a hydrologic and hydraulic design model, Boneyard Creek, Champaign and Urbana, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5176, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115176.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5176.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Champaign-urbana","otherGeospatial":"Boneyard Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.26666666666667,40.08416666666667 ], [ -88.26666666666667,40.13333333333333 ], [ -88.18361111111112,40.13333333333333 ], [ -88.18361111111112,40.08416666666667 ], [ -88.26666666666667,40.08416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003974,"text":"70003974 - 2011 - Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T15:07:23","indexId":"70003974","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T18:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was first encountered in 1996 in Guangdong province (China) and started spreading throughout Asia and the western Palearctic in 2004–2006. Compared to several other countries where the HPAI H5N1 distribution has been studied in some detail, little is known about the environmental correlates of the HPAI H5N1 distribution in China. HPAI H5N1 clinical disease outbreaks, and HPAI virus (HPAIV) H5N1 isolated from active risk-based surveillance sampling of domestic poultry (referred to as HPAIV H5N1 surveillance positives in this manuscript) were modeled separately using seven risk variables: chicken, domestic waterfowl population density, proportion of land covered by rice or surface water, cropping intensity, elevation, and human population density. We used bootstrapped logistic regression and boosted regression trees (BRT) with cross-validation to identify the weight of each variable, to assess the predictive power of the models, and to map the distribution of HPAI H5N1 risk. HPAI H5N1 clinical disease outbreak occurrence in domestic poultry was mainly associated with chicken density, human population density, and elevation. In contrast, HPAIV H5N1 infection identified by risk-based surveillance was associated with domestic waterfowl density, human population density, and the proportion of land covered by surface water. Both models had a high explanatory power (mean AUC ranging from 0.864 to 0.967). The map of HPAIV H5N1 risk distribution based on active surveillance data emphasized areas south of the Yangtze River, while the distribution of reported outbreak risk extended further North, where the density of poultry and humans is higher. We quantified the statistical association between HPAI H5N1 outbreak, HPAIV distribution and post-vaccination levels of seropositivity (percentage of effective post-vaccination seroconversion in vaccinated birds) and found that provinces with either outbreaks or HPAIV H5N1 surveillance positives in 2007–2009 appeared to have had lower antibody response to vaccination. The distribution of HPAI H5N1 risk in China appears more limited geographically than previously assessed, offering prospects for better targeted surveillance and control interventions.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308","usgsCitation":"Martin, V., Pfeiffer, D.U., Zhou, X., Xiao, X., Prosser, D.J., Guo, F., and Gilbert, M., 2011, Spatial distribution and risk factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in China: PLoS Pathogens, v. 7, no. 3, e1001308; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308.","productDescription":"e1001308; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b946ae4b08c986b31aa80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Vincent","contributorId":92792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeiffer, Dirk U.","contributorId":100523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"Dirk","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, Xiaoyan","contributorId":80813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Xiaoyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":67212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guo, Fusheng","contributorId":104209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Fusheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003669,"text":"70003669 - 2011 - Sources of mercury to San Francisco Bay surface sediment as revealed by mercury stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:38:50","indexId":"70003669","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T17:28:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of mercury to San Francisco Bay surface sediment as revealed by mercury stable isotopes","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopic compositions were examined in shallow-water surface sediment (0–2 cm) from San Francisco (SF) Bay to determine the extent to which historic Hg mining contributes to current Hg contamination in SF Bay, and to assess the use of Hg isotopes to trace sources of contamination in estuaries. Inter-tidal and wetland sediment had total Hg (HgT) concentrations ranging from 161 to 1529 ng/g with no simple gradients of spatial variation. In contrast, inter-tidal and wetland sediment displayed a geographic gradient of δ202Hg values, ranging from -0.30% in the southern-most part of SF Bay (draining the New Almaden Hg District) to -0.99% in the northern-most part of SF Bay near the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. Similar to SF Bay inter-tidal sediment, surface sediment from the Alviso Slough channel draining into South SF Bay had a δ202Hg value of -0.29%, while surface sediment from the Cosumnes River and Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta draining into north SF Bay had lower average δ202Hg values of -0.90% and -0.75%, respectively. This isotopic trend suggests that Hg-contaminated sediment from the New Almaden Hg District mixes with Hg-contaminated sediment from a low δ202Hg source north of SF Bay. Tailings and thermally decomposed ore (calcine) from the New Idria Hg mine in the California Coast Range had average δ202Hg values of -0.37 and +0.03%, respectively, showing that Hg calcination fractionates Hg isotopes resulting in Hg contamination from Hg(II) mine waste products with higher δ202Hg values than metallic Hg(0) produced from Hg mines. Thus, there is evidence for at least two distinct isotopic signals for Hg contamination in SF Bay: Hg associated with calcine waste materials at Hg mines in the Coast Range, such as New Almaden and New Idria; and Hg(0) produced from these mines and used in placer gold mines and/or in other industrial processes in the Sierra Nevada region and SF Bay area.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.012","usgsCitation":"Gehrke, G.E., Blum, J.D., and Marvin-DePasquale, M., 2011, Sources of mercury to San Francisco Bay surface sediment as revealed by mercury stable isotopes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 3, p. 691-705, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"705","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.09631347656249,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -123.09631347656249,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -123.09631347656249,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9381e4b08c986b31a50c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrke, Gretchen E.","contributorId":19700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrke","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin-DePasquale, Mark","contributorId":49510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DePasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003814,"text":"70003814 - 2011 - Some possible causes of and corrections for STS-1 response changes in the Global Seismographic Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:01:23.445297","indexId":"70003814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some possible causes of and corrections for STS-1 response changes in the Global Seismographic Network","docAbstract":"The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) (Figure 1) plays a key role in providing seismic data for global earthquake monitoring (e.g., Benz et al. 2005), earthquake science (e.g., Tsai et al. 2005), and studies of Earth structure (e.g., Dalton et al. 2008). One of the key GSN design goals is to \"provide high fidelity digital recordings of all teleseismic ground motions (adequate to resolve at or near ambient noise up to the largest teleseismic signals over the bandwidth from free oscillations (10-4 Hz) to teleseismic body waves (up to approximately 15 Hz))\" (GSN ad hoc Design Goals Subcommittee 2002). To help meet this goal, Streckeisen STS-1 seismometers were deployed at 80 GSN stations. Some of the GSN sensors have been deployed for more than 25 years. Several recent studies (Davis et al. 2005; Ekström et al. 2006; Davis and Berger 2007) have examined the question of overall calibration of the GSN. Ekström et al. (2006) indicated that a number of sites showed anomalous responses and suggested a gradual decay in the sensitivity. We have investigated the anomalous responses at several GSN sites. At least some of the problems observed by Ekström et al. (2006) may be attributed to humid air leaking into the feedback electronics of the STS-1 seismometers, which produces lower than normal sensitivities near the long-period corner of the instrument (360 seconds period). It appears that even though the feedback electronics boxes are designed to be sealed, water vapor can penetrate their interior after they have been exposed to highly humid seismometer vault air for extended periods. Highly humid air was also found to be present inside some STS-1 bell-jars (especially horizontal instruments) after loss of vacuum, resulting in corrosion and leakage between electrical conductors in connectors.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.4.560","usgsCitation":"Hutt, C., and Ringler, A., 2011, Some possible causes of and corrections for STS-1 response changes in the Global Seismographic Network: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 4, p. 560-571, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.4.560.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"571","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92d5e4b08c986b31a139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, A. T. 0000-0002-9839-4188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":99282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"A. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003965,"text":"70003965 - 2011 - Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:46:28","indexId":"70003965","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T15:15:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells","docAbstract":"Wells screened across multiple aquifers can provide pathways for the movement of surprisingly large volumes of groundwater to confined aquifers used for public water supply (PWS). Using a simple numerical model, we examine the impact of several pumping scenarios on leakage from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer and conclude that a single inactive multi-aquifer well can contribute nearly 10% of total PWS well flow over a wide range of pumping rates. This leakage can occur even when the multi-aquifer well is more than a kilometer from the PWS well. The contribution from multi-aquifer wells may be greater under conditions where seasonal pumping (e.g., irrigation) creates large, widespread downward hydraulic gradients between aquifers. Under those conditions, water can continue to leak down a multi-aquifer well from an unconfined aquifer to a confined aquifer even when those multi-aquifer wells are actively pumped. An important implication is that, if an unconfined aquifer is contaminated, multi-aquifer wells can increase the vulnerability of a confined-aquifer PWS well.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Clark, B., Landon, M., Kauffman, L.J., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Modeling the potential impact of seasonal and inactive multi-aquifer wells on contaminant movement to public water-supply wells: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 588-596, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"596","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00526.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4ce4b0c8380cd6fba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.L.","contributorId":47305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, B.R.","contributorId":51901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007114,"text":"70007114 - 2011 - Amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in coastal and montane California, USA Anurans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T16:23:32","indexId":"70007114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T15:10:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in coastal and montane California, USA Anurans","docAbstract":"We found amphibian chytrid fungus (Bd = Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) to be widespread within a coastalwatershed at Point Reyes National Seashore, California and within two high elevation watersheds at Yosemite NationalPark, California. Bd was associated with all six species that we sampled (Bufo boreas, B. canorus, Pseudacris regilla, Ranadraytonii, R. sierrae, and Lithobates catesbeianus). For those species sampled at 10 or more sites within a watershed, thepercentage of Bd-positive sites varied from a low of 20.7% for P. regilla at one Yosemite watershed to a high of 79.6% forP. regilla at the Olema watershed at Point Reyes. At Olema, the percent of Bd-positive water bodies declined each year ofour study (2005-2007). Because P. regilla was the only species found in all watersheds, we used that species to evaluatehabitat variables related to the sites where P. regilla was Bd-positive. At Olema, significant variables were year, length ofshoreline (perimeter), percentage cover of rooted vegetation, and water depth. At the two Yosemite watersheds, waterdepth, water temperature, and silt/mud were the most important covariates, though the importance of these three factorsdiffered between the two watersheds. The presence of Bd in species that are not declining suggests that some of theamphibians in our study were innately resistant to Bd, or had developed resistance after Bd became established.","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Cole, R.A., Reinitz, D.M., and Kleeman, P.M., 2011, Amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in coastal and montane California, USA Anurans: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 383-394.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-019957","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://herpconbio.org/Volume_6/Issue_3/Fellers_etal_2011.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"6","issue":"3","edition":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c4e4b0c8380cd48438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinitz, David M.","contributorId":57597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinitz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006244,"text":"70006244 - 2011 - A GIS application for assessing, mapping, and quantifying the social values of ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T15:41:24.237711","indexId":"70006244","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:44:39","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS application for assessing, mapping, and quantifying the social values of ecosystem services","docAbstract":"As human pressures on ecosystems continue to increase, research involving the effective incorporation of social values information into the context of comprehensive ecosystem services assessments is becoming more important. Including quantified, spatially explicit social value metrics in such assessments will improve the analysis of relative tradeoffs among ecosystem services. This paper describes a GIS application, Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES), developed to assess, map, and quantify the perceived social values of ecosystem services by deriving a non-monetary Value Index from responses to a public attitude and preference survey. SolVES calculates and maps the Value Index for social values held by various survey subgroups, as distinguished by their attitudes regarding ecosystem use. Index values can be compared within and among survey subgroups to explore the effect of social contexts on the valuation of ecosystem services. Index values can also be correlated and regressed against landscape metrics SolVES calculates from various environmental data layers. Coefficients derived through these analyses were applied to their corresponding data layers to generate a predicted social value map. This map compared favorably with other SolVES output and led to the addition of a predictive mapping function to SolVES for value transfer to areas where survey data are unavailable. A more robust application is being developed as a public domain tool for decision makers and researchers to map social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders involving relative tradeoffs among different ecosystem services in a variety of physical and social contexts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, The Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.08.002","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., Clement, J.M., and Semmens, D.J., 2011, A GIS application for assessing, mapping, and quantifying the social values of ecosystem services: Applied Geography, v. 31, no. 2, p. 748-760, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.08.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"748","endPage":"760","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2dde4b0c8380cd45cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clement, Jessica M.","contributorId":86105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006185,"text":"70006185 - 2011 - 3-D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T12:07:58.642002","indexId":"70006185","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:33:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3-D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the Missouri River","docAbstract":"Detailed mapping of bathymetry and three-dimensional water velocities using a boat-mounted single-beam sonar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was carried out in the vicinity of two submerged wing dikes located in the Lower Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri. During high spring flows the wing dikes become submerged, creating a unique combination of vertical flow separation and overtopping (plunging) flow conditions, causing large-scale three-dimensional turbulent flow structures to form. On three different days and for a range of discharges, sampling transects at 5 and 20 m spacing were completed, covering the area adjacent to and upstream and downstream from two different wing dikes. The objectives of this research are to evaluate whether an ADCP can identify and measure large-scale flow features such as recirculating flow and vortex shedding that develop in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike; and whether or not moving-boat (single-transect) data are sufficient for resolving complex three-dimensional flow fields. Results indicate that spatial averaging from multiple nearby single transects may be more representative of an inherently complex (temporally and spatially variable) three-dimensional flow field than repeated single transects. Results also indicate a correspondence between the location of calculated vortex cores (resolved from the interpolated three-dimensional flow field) and the nearby scour holes, providing new insight into the connections between vertically oriented coherent structures and local scour, with the unique perspective of flow and morphology in a large river.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010043","usgsCitation":"Jamieson, E.C., Rennie, C.D., Jacobson, R., and Townsend, R.D., 2011, 3-D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the Missouri River: Water Resources Research, v. 47, W07544, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010043.","productDescription":"W07544, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e258e4b0c8380cd45ada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamieson, E. C.","contributorId":97632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rennie, C. D.","contributorId":49927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rennie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Townsend, R. D.","contributorId":85328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006342,"text":"70006342 - 2011 - Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:15:31.998461","indexId":"70006342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach","docAbstract":"1. Binomial mixture models use repeated count data to estimate abundance. They are becoming increasingly popular because they provide a simple and cost‐effective way to account for imperfect detection. However, these models assume that individuals are detected independently of each other. This assumption may often be violated in the field. For instance, manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) may surface in turbid water (i.e. become available for detection during aerial surveys) in a correlated manner (i.e. in groups). However, correlated behaviour, affecting the non‐independence of individual detections, may also be relevant in other systems (e.g. correlated patterns of singing in birds and amphibians).
2. We extend binomial mixture models to account for correlated behaviour and therefore to account for non‐independent detection of individuals. We simulated correlated behaviour using beta‐binomial random variables. Our approach can be used to simultaneously estimate abundance, detection probability and a correlation parameter.
3. Fitting binomial mixture models to data that followed a beta‐binomial distribution resulted in an overestimation of abundance even for moderate levels of correlation. In contrast, the beta‐binomial mixture model performed considerably better in our simulation scenarios. We also present a goodness‐of‐fit procedure to evaluate the fit of beta‐binomial mixture models.
4. We illustrate our approach by fitting both binomial and beta‐binomial mixture models to aerial survey data of manatees in Florida. We found that the binomial mixture model did not fit the data, whereas there was no evidence of lack of fit for the beta‐binomial mixture model. This example helps illustrate the importance of using simulations and assessing goodness‐of‐fit when analysing ecological data with N‐mixture models. Indeed, both the simulations and the goodness‐of‐fit procedure highlighted the limitations of the standard binomial mixture model for aerial manatee surveys.
5. Overestimation of abundance by binomial mixture models owing to non‐independent detections is problematic for ecological studies, but also for conservation. For example, in the case of endangered species, it could lead to inappropriate management decisions, such as downlisting. These issues will be increasingly relevant as more ecologists apply flexible N‐mixture models to ecological data.
Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird breeding success. We identified a threshold in prey (fish and krill, termed “forage fish”) abundance below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity. This response was common to all seven ecosystems and 14 bird species examined within the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The threshold approximated one-third of the maximum prey biomass observed in long-term studies. This provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.1212928","usgsCitation":"Cury, P.M., Boyd, I.L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R.J., Furness, R.W., Mills, J.A., Murphy, E.J., Osterblom, H., Paleczny, M., Piatt, J.F., Roux, J., Shannon, L., and Sydeman, W., 2011, Global seabird responses to forage fish depletion - One-third for the birds: Science, v. 334, no. 6063, p. 1703-1706, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212928.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1706","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030650","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00056/16770/","text":"External 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Sylvain","contributorId":8306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonhommeau","given":"Sylvain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anker-Nilssen, Tycho","contributorId":50375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anker-Nilssen","given":"Tycho","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crawford, Robert J.M.","contributorId":27700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furness, Robert W.","contributorId":86588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furness","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mills, James A.","contributorId":32751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, Eugene J.","contributorId":80925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Osterblom, Henrik","contributorId":16244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterblom","given":"Henrik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Paleczny, Michelle","contributorId":35565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paleczny","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roux, Jean-Paul","contributorId":47194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roux","given":"Jean-Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shannon, Lynne","contributorId":103896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shannon","given":"Lynne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sydeman, William J.","contributorId":172574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sydeman","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70004693,"text":"70004693 - 2011 - Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70004693","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation","docAbstract":"Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in the subsurface containing permafrost. The northern central Tibet Plateau was used as an example of model application. Modeling results show that in a yearly cycle, groundwater flow occurs in the active layer from May to October. Maximum groundwater discharge to the surface lags the maximum subsurface temperature by two months. Under an increasing air temperature scenario of 3?C per 100 years, over the initial 40-year period, the active layer thickness can increase by three-fold. Annual groundwater discharge to the surface can experience a similar three-fold increase in the same period. An implication of these modeling results is that with increased warming there will be more groundwater flow in the active layer and therefore increased groundwater discharge to rivers. However, this finding only holds if sufficient upgradient water is available to replenish the increased discharge. Otherwise, there will be an overall lowering of the water table in the recharge portion of the catchment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047911","usgsCitation":"Ge, S., McKenzie, J., Voss, C., and Wu, Q., 2011, Exchange of Groundwater and Surface-Water Mediated by Permafrost Response to Seasonal and Long Term Air Temperature Variation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. L14402, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474868,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047911","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047911"}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"L14402","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da7e4b0c8380cd5311b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, Jeffrey","contributorId":37466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford","contributorId":63150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Qingbai","contributorId":101798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Qingbai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148648,"text":"70148648 - 2011 - Spring migration of mallards from Arkansas as determined by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-13T11:58:04","indexId":"70148648","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring migration of mallards from Arkansas as determined by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We used satellite telemetry to document spring migration phenology, routes, stopover regions, and nesting sites of mallards Anas platyrhynchos marked in Arkansas during the winters of 2004-2007. Of the 143 marked mallards that migrated from Arkansas, they did so, on average, by mid-March. Mallards flew over the Missouri Ozarks and 42% made an initial stopover in Missouri, where they used areas that had larger rivers (Mississippi River, Missouri River) embedded in an agricultural landscape. From this stopover region they either migrated directly to the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) or they migrated north to Minnesota where they either moved next to the PPR or to the north and east of the PPR. For those mallards (83%) that stopped for >1 d before entering the PPR, the average length at each stop was 12 d (SE = 0.90 d, range = 2-54 d). Mallards made more stopovers, made shorter migration movements, and took longer to move to the PPR in wetter than drier years. Mallards arrived in the PPR earlier in 2006 x- = 30 March, SE = 2.18 d) than in 2005 x- = 7 April, SE = 2.30 d). Females nested across nine Bird Conservation Regions. Nesting occurred most frequently in South Dakota (n = 9). The average date when females nested was 19 April (SE = 2.44 d, range = 12 March-26 May). Because many mallards headed for the large river corridors in Missouri for their first stopover, this region is an important spring migration stopover of continental importance to mallards and might be considered a focal area for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/042011-JFWM-026","collaboration":"Arkansas Game & Fish Commission","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Asante, K., and Naylor, L., 2011, Spring migration of mallards from Arkansas as determined by satellite telemetry: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 156-168, https://doi.org/10.3996/042011-JFWM-026.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022053","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/042011-jfwm-026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a4e143e4b0183d66e453a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwasi","contributorId":59632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwasi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naylor, L.M.","contributorId":54811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naylor","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148168,"text":"70148168 - 2011 - A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:43:30","indexId":"70148168","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams","docAbstract":"Channelization of streams associated with floodplain forested wetlands has occurred extensively throughout the world and specifically in the southeastern United States. Channelization of fluvial systems alters the hydrologic and sedimentation processes that sustain these systems. In western Tennessee, channelization and past land-use practices have caused drastic geomorphic and hydrologic changes, resulting in altered habitat conditions that may affect avian communities. The objective of this study was to determine if there were differences in avian communities utilizing floodplain forests along unchannelized streams compared to channelized streams with valley plugs, areas where sediment has completely filled the channel. During point count surveys, 58 bird species were observed at unchannelized sites and 60 species were observed at valley plug sites. Species associated with baldcypress-tupelo (Taxodium-Nyssa) swamps (e.g. Great Egret (Ardea albus) and Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)) and mature hardwood forests with open midstories (e.g. Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens), Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons), Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) and Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)) were either only found at unchannelized sites or were more abundant at unchannelized sites. Conversely, species associated with open and early successional habitats (e.g. Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) and Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea)) were either only found at valley plug sites or were more abundant at valley plug sites. Results of habitat modelling suggest that the habitat characteristics of floodplain forests at unchannelized sites are more suitable for Neotropical migrant bird species of conservation concern in the region than at valley plug sites. This study, in combination with previous research, demonstrates the ecological impacts of valley plugs span across abiotic and biotic processes and tropic levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1429","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S.L., 2011, A comparison of avian communities and habitat characteristics in floodplain forests associated with valley plugs and unchannelized streams: River Research and Applications, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1315-1324, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1429.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1324","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009960","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659931e4b0d9246a9eb60d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148681,"text":"70148681 - 2011 - Testing the effect of habitat structure and complexity on nekton assemblages using experimental oyster reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T11:07:13","indexId":"70148681","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the effect of habitat structure and complexity on nekton assemblages using experimental oyster reefs","docAbstract":"Structurally complex habitats are often associated with more diverse and abundant species assemblages in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Biogenic reefs formed by the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) are complex in nature and are recognized for their potential habitat value in estuarine systems along the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Few studies, however, have examined the response of nekton to structural complexity within oyster reefs. We used a quantitative sampling technique to examine how the presence and complexity of experimental oyster reefs influence the abundance, biomass, and distribution of nekton by sampling reefs 4 months and 16 months post-construction. Experimental oyster reefs were colonized immediately by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans, and reefs supported a distinct nekton assemblage compared to mud-bottom habitat. Neither increased reef complexity, nor age of the experimental reef resulted in further changes in nekton assemblages or increases in nekton abundance or diversity. The presence of oyster reefs per se was the most important factor determining nekton usage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.017","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Humphries, A.T., LaPeyre, M.K., Kimball, M.E., and Rozas, L.P., 2011, Testing the effect of habitat structure and complexity on nekton assemblages using experimental oyster reefs: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 409, no. 1-2, p. 172-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030102","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"409","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d5be4b023124e8f5b4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Matthew E.","contributorId":141243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rozas, Lawrence P.","contributorId":141244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rozas","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}