The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, a modular, distributed-parameter, watershed-modeling system, is being applied to 20 smaller watersheds within the Gunnison River basin. The model is used to derive a daily water balance for subareas in a watershed, ultimately producing simulated streamflows that can be input into routing and accounting models used to assess downstream water availability under current conditions, and to assess the sensitivity of water resources in the basin to alterations in climate. A geographic information system (GIS) is used to automate a method for extracting physically based hydrologic response unit (HRU) distributed parameter values from digital data sources, and for the placement of those estimates into GIS spatial datalayers. The HRU parameters extracted are: area, mean elevation, average land-surface slope, predominant aspect, predominant land-cover type, predominant soil type, average total soil water-holding capacity, and average water-holding capacity of the root zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling","conferenceDate":"1993","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Kuhn, G., and Parker, R.S., 1993, Using a GIS to link digital spatial data and the precipitation-runoff modeling system, Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, in Proceedings of the Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling, v. 2, 1993.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b197ce4b0ad67323f984a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Randolph S.","contributorId":58638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96673,"text":"96673 - 1993 - Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:42:46","indexId":"96673","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Orthmeyer, D., Casazza, M.L., McLandress, M., and Connelly, D., 1993, Survival, habitat use, and movements of female northern pintails radio-marked in the Suisun Marsh, California. Final Report, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and California Waterfowl Association, 73 p.","productDescription":"73 p.","startPage":"73","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLandress, M.R.","contributorId":15550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLandress","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connelly, D.P.","contributorId":30166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017349,"text":"70017349 - 1993 - Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:36:34.484578","indexId":"70017349","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer","docAbstract":"The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer: Journal of Hydrology, v. 148, no. 1-4, p. 61-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90253-6.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbce4b0c8380cd49995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003171,"text":"1003171 - 1993 - Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"1003171","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes","docAbstract":"We quantified total mercury in surficial sediments (uppermost 5 cm) of six small seepage lakes. Fifty cores were taken from each lake, based on a random sampling design stratified by water depth. Volumetric concentrations (mass per volume of wet sediment) more accurately portrayed the depth distribution of mercury in the lakes than did dry-weight concentrations, which underrepresented the significance of the shallow-water sediments as a reservoir of potentially available mercury. Estimates of whole-lake burdens (masses) of mercury in the surficial sediment, which represents the maximum amount of sedimentary mercury available for methylation, ranged from 45 to 149 g. We hypothesize that the observed variation in areal burdens of mercury was partly due to variation among lakes in the pH-related efflux of gaseous mercury (Hg super(0)) from the lakes to the atmosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin River Studies Center","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Rada, R., Powell, D., and Wiener, J., 1993, Whole-lake burdens and spatial distribution of mercury in surficial sediments in Wisconsin seepage lakes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 4, p. 865-873.","productDescription":"pp. 865-873","startPage":"865","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, D.E.","contributorId":72093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018255,"text":"70018255 - 1993 - Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:41:59","indexId":"70018255","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions","docAbstract":"Silica- and styrene-divinylbenzene-based mixed-mode resins that contain C8, C18 and sulphonated cation-exchange groups were compared for their efficiency in isolation of neutral triazine compounds from water and of the basic drug, benzoylecgonine, from urine. The triazine compounds were isolated by a combination of Van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and benzoylecgonine was isolated by Van der Waals interactions and cation exchange. All analytes were eluted with a polar organic solvent contaning 2% ammonium hydroxide. Larger recoveries (95%) were achieved on copolymerized mixed-mode resins where C18 and sulfonic acid are in closer proximity than on 'blended' mixed-mode resins (60-70% recovery).","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D","issn":"00219673","usgsCitation":"Mills, M.S., Thurman, E., and Pedersen, M., 1993, Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry. Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 629, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D"}],"volume":"629","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedersen, M.J.","contributorId":28483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186591,"text":"70186591 - 1993 - Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T15:59:28","indexId":"70186591","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate change in continental isotopic records","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM078p0321","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Gleason, J., Sheppard, R., and Gude, A., 1993, Deuterium fractionation as water diffuses into silicic volcanic ash, chap. of Climate change in continental isotopic records, p. 321-323, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0321.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheppard, R.A.","contributorId":22361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gude, A.J.","contributorId":53869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185457,"text":"70185457 - 1993 - An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:58:04","indexId":"70185457","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams","docAbstract":"Several investigators have proposed solute transport models that incorporate the effects of transient storage. Transient storage occurs in small streams when portions of the transported solute become isolated in zones of water that are immobile relative to water in the main channel (e.g., pools, gravel beds). Transient storage is modeled by adding a storage term to the advection-dispersion equation describing conservation of mass for the main channel. In addition, a separate mass balance equation is written for the storage zone. Although numerous applications of the transient storage equations may be found in the literature, little attention has been paid to the numerical aspects of the approach. Of particular interest is the coupled nature of the equations describing mass conservation for the main channel and the storage zone. In the work described herein, an implicit finite difference technique is developed that allows for a decoupling of the governing differential equations. This decoupling method may be applied to other sets of coupled equations such as those describing sediment-water interactions for toxic contaminants. For the case at hand, decoupling leads to a 50% reduction in simulation run time. Computational costs may be further reduced through efficient application of the Thomas algorithm. These techniques may be easily incorporated into existing codes and new applications in which simulation run time is of concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02217","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Chapra, S.C., 1993, An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 211-215, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02217.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"211","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d5fe4b0236b68f98f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapra, Steven C.","contributorId":189667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapra","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25737,"text":"wri924188 - 1993 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Pine River Project area, Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico, 1988-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:03:48.496326","indexId":"wri924188","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4188","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Pine River Project area, Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico, 1988-89","docAbstract":"During 1988-89, water, bottom sediment, biota, soil, and plants were sampled for a reconnaissance investigation of the Pine River Project area in southwestern Colorado. Irrigation drainage does not seem to be a major source of dissolved solids in streams. Concentrations of manganese, mercury, and selenium exceeded drinking-water regulations in some streams. The maximum selenium concentration in a stream sample was 94 microg/L in Rock Creek. Irrigation drainage and natural groundwater are sources of some trace elements to streams. Water from a well in a nonirrigated area had 4,800 microg/L of selenium. Selenium concentrations in soil on the Oxford Tract were greater in areas previously or presently irrigated than in areas never irrigated. Some forage plants on the Oxford Tract had large selenium concentrations, including 180 mg/km in alfalfa. Most fish samples had selenium concentrations greater than the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program 85th percentile. Selenium concentrations in aquatic plants, aquatic inverte- brates, and small mammals may be of concern to fish and wildlife because of possible food-chain bioconcentration. Selenium concentrations in bird samples indicate selenium contamination of biota on the Oxford Tract. Mallard breasts had selenium concentrations exceeding a guideline for human consumption. The maximum selenium concentration in biota was 50 microg/g dry weight in a bird liver from the Oxford Tract. In some fish samples, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and zinc exceeded background concentrations, but concentrations were not toxic. Mercury concentrations in 16 fish samples exceeded the background concentration. Ten mercury concentrations in fish exceeded a guideline for mercury in food for consumption by pregnant women.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924188","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., Krueger, R.P., Osmundson, B.C., Thompson, A.L., Formea, J.J., and Wickman, D.W., 1993, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Pine River Project area, Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4188, vi, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924188.","productDescription":"vi, 105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415110,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4188/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"southern Ute Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.695,\n 37.1692\n ],\n [\n -107.695,\n 37.1403\n ],\n [\n -107.6583,\n 37.1403\n ],\n [\n -107.6583,\n 37.1692\n ],\n [\n -107.695,\n 37.1692\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, D. L.","contributorId":36967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krueger, R. P.","contributorId":8890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmundson, B. C.","contributorId":15655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, A. L.","contributorId":70803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Formea, J. J.","contributorId":42620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formea","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wickman, D. W.","contributorId":61074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186317,"text":"70186317 - 1993 - Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 1. Use of hydrogeologic information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:23:10","indexId":"70186317","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 1. Use of hydrogeologic information","docAbstract":"A new method is developed to efficiently compute exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output (or other function of parameters) g(β) derived from a groundwater flow model. The method is general in that parameter uncertainty can be specified by any statistical distribution having a log probability density function (log pdf) that can be expanded in a Taylor series. However, for this study parameter uncertainty is specified by a statistical multivariate beta distribution that incorporates hydrogeologic information in the form of the investigator's best estimates of parameters and a grouping of random variables representing possible parameter values so that each group is defined by maximum and minimum bounds and an ordering according to increasing value. The new method forms the confidence intervals from maximum and minimum limits of g(β) on a contour of a linear combination of (1) the quadratic form for the parameters used by Cooley and Vecchia (1987) and (2) the log pdf for the multivariate beta distribution. Three example problems are used to compare characteristics of the confidence intervals for hydraulic head obtained using different weights for the linear combination. Different weights generally produced similar confidence intervals, whereas the method of Cooley and Vecchia (1987) often produced much larger confidence intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01863","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1993, Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 1. Use of hydrogeologic information: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 17-33, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01863.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"17","endPage":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186318,"text":"70186318 - 1993 - Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 2. Combined use of hydrogeologic information and calibration data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:27:43","indexId":"70186318","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 2. Combined use of hydrogeologic information and calibration data","docAbstract":"Calibration data (observed values corresponding to model-computed values of dependent variables) are incorporated into a general method of computing exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals analogous to the confidence intervals developed in part 1 (Cooley, this issue) for a function of parameters derived from a groundwater flow model. Parameter uncertainty is specified by a distribution of parameters conditioned on the calibration data. This distribution was obtained as a posterior distribution by applying Bayes' theorem to the hydrogeologically derived prior distribution of parameters from part 1 and a distribution of differences between the calibration data and corresponding model-computed dependent variables. Tests show that the new confidence intervals can be much smaller than the intervals of part 1 because the prior parameter variance-covariance structure is altered so that combinations of parameters that give poor model fit to the data are unlikely. The confidence intervals of part 1 and the new confidence intervals can be effectively employed in a sequential method of model construction whereby new information is used to reduce confidence interval widths at each stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01864","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1993, Exact Scheffé-type confidence intervals for output from groundwater flow models: 2. Combined use of hydrogeologic information and calibration data: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 35-50, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01864.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"35","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000011,"text":"7000011 - 1993 - Fossils, rocks, and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T11:36:15","indexId":"7000011","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Fossils, rocks, and time","docAbstract":"We study out Earth for many reasons: to find water to drink or oil to run our cars or coal to heat our homes, to know where to expect earthquakes or landslides or floods, and to try to understand our natural surroundings. Earth is constantly changing--nothing on its surface is truly permanent. Rocks that are not on top of a mountain may once have been on the bottom of the sea. Thus, to understand the world we live on, we must add the dimension of time. We must study Earth's history.
\nWhen we talk about recorded history, time is measured in years, centuries, and tens of centuries. When we talk about Earth history, time is measured in millions and billions of years.
\nTime is an everyday part of our lives. We keep track of time with a marvelous invention, the calendar, which is based on the movements of the Earth in space. One spin of Earth on its axis is a day, and one trip around the sun is a year. The modern calendar is a great achievement, developed over many thousands of years as theory and technology improved.
\nPeople who study Earth's history also use a type of calendar, called the geologic time scale. It looks very different from the familiar calendar. In some ways, it is more like a book, and the rocks are its pages. Some of the pages are torn or missing, and the pages are not numbered, but geology gives us the tools to help us read this book.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000011","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Pojeta, J., 1993, Fossils, rocks, and time: General Interest Publication, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000011.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report.pdf","size":"8461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pojeta, John Jr.","contributorId":44514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000822,"text":"1000822 - 1993 - Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"1000822","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1088,"text":"Buffalo Environmental Law Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation","docAbstract":"In its brief existence as a recognized scientific discipline, restoration ecology has focused almost exclusively on terrestrial and wetland habitat. As a consequence, aquatic restoration and rehabilitation, an important component of restoration ecology is a relatively new discipline. This article examines the ecosystem approach to rehabilitation of the Great Lakes Basin and proposes that waterfront redevlopment and terrestrial and wetland habitat restoration should be accompanied by aquatic habitat restoration. Furthermore, aquatic habitat restoration must include rehabilitation of hard-bottom substrates and structures as well as pollution cleanup and management of soft sediments. Lastly, the article suggests that longterm evaluation is indispensable for aquatic habitat restoration and rehabiliation to be truly successful in the Great Lakes region. Only through longterm evaluation can we determine whether habitat restoration goals have been met at specific sites and transfer successful lessons learned at other locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Buffalo Environmental Law Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., 1993, Restoration ecology: longterm evaluation as an essential feature of rehabilitation: Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, v. 1, p. 267-277.","productDescription":"p. 267-277","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6272c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, John E.","contributorId":74706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000701,"text":"1000701 - 1993 - Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000701","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3159,"text":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry","docAbstract":"This study establishes a baseline of water chemistry information for selected Indiana fens over the course of one year. Fens are peatlands fed by groundwater seepage and are characterized by their dominant plant communities. Most of the fens discussed in this paper are located on property controlled and protected by the State of Indiana or the Federal government. Comparisons were made of variability in water chemistry data between fens located in the same area and those located some distance away. This survey indicated extensive variability in fen water chemistry with greater variability in water chemistry between fens in separate locations than in yearly variation within individual fens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stewart, P.M., Kessler, K., and Dunbar, R., 1993, Intrafen and interfen variation of Indiana fens: water chemistry: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, v. 102, p. 207-217.","productDescription":"p. 207-217","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Katrina","contributorId":14359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Katrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, Richard","contributorId":107663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018044,"text":"70018044 - 1993 - Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:54:39","indexId":"70018044","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951-1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Dugan, J.T., 1993, Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 939-948, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x.","startPage":"939","endPage":"948","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267685,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x"},{"id":228743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe6e4b08c986b3191e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20932,"text":"ofr93479 - 1993 - Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T19:49:41.610465","indexId":"ofr93479","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-479","title":"Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93479","usgsCitation":"Slack, L.J., Oakley, W.T., and Cooper, L.M., 1993, Quality of ground water in Jackson County, Mississippi, March - June 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-479, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93479.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415103,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12753.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50523,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0479/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.875,\n 30.75\n ],\n [\n -88.875,\n 30.306\n ],\n [\n -88.375,\n 30.306\n ],\n [\n -88.375,\n 30.75\n ],\n [\n -88.875,\n 30.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654b1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, L. J.","contributorId":44157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, L. M.","contributorId":75529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29022,"text":"wri934108 - 1993 - Evaluation of subsurface exploration, sampling, and water-quality-analysis methods at an abandoned wood-preserving plant site at Jackson, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T18:39:22.824994","indexId":"wri934108","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4108","title":"Evaluation of subsurface exploration, sampling, and water-quality-analysis methods at an abandoned wood-preserving plant site at Jackson, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Direct Push Technology (DPT) and a modified-auger method of sampling were used at an abandoned wood-preserving plant site at Jackson, Tennessee, to collect lithologic data and ground-water samples in an area known to be affected by a subsurface creosote plume. The groundwater samples were analyzed using (1) gas chromatography with photo-ionization detection (GS/PID), (2) high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), (3) colonmetric phenol analysis, and (4) toxicity bioassay. DPT piezocone and cone-penetrometer-type tools provided lithologic data and ground-water samples at two onsite stations to a depth of refusal of about 35 feet below land surface. With the assistance of an auger rig, this depth was extended to about 65 feet by pushing the tools in advance of the augers. Following the DPT work, a modified-auger method was tested by the USGS. This method left doubt as to the integrity of the samples collected once zones of contamination were penetrated. GC/PID and HPLC methods of water-quality analysis provided the most data concerning contaminants in the ground-water and proved to be the most effective in creosote plume detection. Analyses from these methods showed that the highest concentrations of contaminants were detected at depths less than about 35 feet below land surface. Phenol analyses provided data supplemental to the HPLC analyses. Bioassay data indicated that toxicity associated with the plume extended to depths of about 55 feet below land surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934108","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., Carmichael, J.K., and Mirecki, J., 1993, Evaluation of subsurface exploration, sampling, and water-quality-analysis methods at an abandoned wood-preserving plant site at Jackson, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4108, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934108.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47822.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57886,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4108/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Jackson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.8244,\n 35.6158\n ],\n [\n -88.8394,\n 35.6158\n ],\n [\n -88.8394,\n 35.6036\n ],\n [\n -88.8244,\n 35.6036\n ],\n [\n -88.8244,\n 35.6158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirecki, J. E.","contributorId":97152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirecki","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018007,"text":"70018007 - 1993 - A late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene pluvial lake in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:11:12.713867","indexId":"70018007","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene pluvial lake in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The question of whether a pluvial lake existed in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California, has been debated for more than 100 yr. New stratigraphic evidence indicates that a lake did exist in this valley at intervals during late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene time. This lake may have drained northward, or it may have been periodically contiguous with a pluvial lake to the north in Columbus Salt Marsh.
Proof of the existence of this lake, informally named Pluvial Lake Rennie, is derived from three principal outcrops of shallow-water deposits, two outcrops of deep-water deposits, and several drilling logs. The deposits contain beds of silicic tephra, which provide age control. On the basis of thickness, grain size, major-oxide chemistry of glass shards, and paleomagnetism, three of the shallow-water deposits, including deltaic(?), beach, and siliceous hot-spring sediments, consist mainly of Bishop ash derived from the 0.77 Ma eruption of the Long Valley caldera. A fourth shallow-water deposit(?) is associated with ∼1 Ma Glass Mountain tephra beds. The exposed deep-water deposits consist of green claystone, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone containing tephra derived from the eruptions of the ∼2.1 Ma tuff of Taylor Canyon and the ∼2.0 Ma Huckleberry Ridge Tuff. The drilling logs record numerous thick beds of clay and sandy clay inferred to be deep-water lacustrine deposits.
Pluvial Lake Rennie fluctuated in size and depth beginning prior to 2 Ma and continuing until sometime alter 0.77 Ma. At about 0.77 Ma, the lake had a highstand at an elevation of ∼1,460 m, covered an area of 400-500 km2, and had a maximum depth of ∼250 m. The lake level dropped just after the eruption of the Bishop ash, but the lake may have persisted at a lower level until ∼0.5 Ma. No large, long-lived lake existed in Fish Lake Valley in late Pleistocene time, probably due to the increasing rain-shadow effect caused by the relative uplift of the White Mountains and Sierra Nevada in the Pleistocene. These results indicate that the late middle to late Pleistocene history of Pluvial Lake Rennie is similar to that of Lake Tecopa but is quite different from those of Lake Lahontan and Searles Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0953:ALPTMP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Slate, J.L., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Meyer, C., 1993, A late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene pluvial lake in Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 7, p. 953-967, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0953:ALPTMP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"967","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","volume":"105","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e434e4b0c8380cd464cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187595,"text":"70187595 - 1993 - Digital simulation of a saline groundwater plume affected by partially penetrating canals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T18:07:26","indexId":"70187595","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Digital simulation of a saline groundwater plume affected by partially penetrating canals","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1993, Digital simulation of a saline groundwater plume affected by partially penetrating canals, chap. of Hydrogeologic investigation, evaluation, and ground water modeling, p. 161-174.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"161","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ce4b0e541a03d4547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, M. L.","contributorId":47401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186592,"text":"70186592 - 1993 - Ancient climate from deuterium content of water in volcanic glass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T16:17:13","indexId":"70186592","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ancient climate from deuterium content of water in volcanic glass","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate change in continental isotopic records","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM078p0309","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Gleason, J., and Warden, A., 1993, Ancient climate from deuterium content of water in volcanic glass, chap. of Climate change in continental isotopic records, p. 309-319, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0309.","startPage":"309","endPage":"319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60279e4b09da6799ac6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warden, Augusta awarden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"Augusta","email":"awarden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":689674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185758,"text":"70185758 - 1993 - Application of borehole geophysics in defining the wellhead protection area for a fractured crystalline bedrock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T16:22:46","indexId":"70185758","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of borehole geophysics in defining the wellhead protection area for a fractured crystalline bedrock aquifer","docAbstract":"Wellbore geophysical techniques were used to characterize fractures and flow in a bedrock aquifer at a site near Blackwater Brook in Dover, New Hampshire. The primary focus ofthis study was the development of a model to assist in evaluating the area surrounding a planned water supply well where contaminants introduced at the land surface might be induced to flow towards a pumping well. Well logs and geophysical surveys used in this study included lithologic logs based on examination of cuttings obtained during drilling; conventional caliper and natural gamma logs; video camera and acoustic televiewer surveys; highresolution vertical flow measurements under ambient conditions and during pumping; and borehole fluid conductivity logs obtained after the borehole fluid was replaced with deionized water. These surveys were used for several applications: 1) to define a conceptual model of aquifer structure to be used in groundwater exploration; 2) to estimate optimum locations for test and observation wells; and 3) to delineate a wellhead protection area (WHPA) for a planned water supply well. Integration of borehole data with surface geophysical and geological mapping data indicated that the study site lies along a northeast-trending intensely fractured contact zone between surface exposures of quartz monzonite and metasedimentary rocks. Four of five bedrock boreholes at the site were estimated to produce more than 150 gallons per minute (gpm) (568 L/min) of water during drilling. Aquifer testing and other investigations indicated that water flowed to the test well along fractures parallel to the northeast-trending contact zone and along other northeast and north-northwest-trending fractures. Statistical plots of fracture strikes showed frequency maxima in the same northeast and north-northwest directions, although additional maxima occurred in other directions. Flowmeter surveys and borehole fluid conductivity logging after fluid replacement were used to identify water-producing zones in the boreholes; fractures associated with inflow into boreholes showed a dominant northeast orientation. Borehole fluid conductivity logging after fluid replacement also gave profiles of such water-quality parameters as fluid electrical conductivity (FEC), pH, temperature, and oxidation-reduction potential, strengthening the interpretation of crossconnection of boreholes by certain fracture zones. The results of this study showed that the application of these borehole geophysical techniques at the Blackwater Brook site led to an improved understanding of such parameters as fracture location, attitude, flow direction and velocity, and water quality; all of which are important in the determination of a WHPA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Vernon, J., Paillet, F., Pedler, W., and Griswold, W., 1993, Application of borehole geophysics in defining the wellhead protection area for a fractured crystalline bedrock aquifer: Log Analyst, v. 34, no. 1, p. 41-57.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPWLA-1993-v34n1a3"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernon, J.H.","contributorId":189986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vernon","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedler, W.H.","contributorId":26456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedler","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griswold, W.J.","contributorId":189985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griswold","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018295,"text":"70018295 - 1993 - Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018295","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada","docAbstract":"The revised map for the potentiometric surface of the uppermost saturated zone in Tertiary volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is based mainly on 1988 water levels. Refinement of the water-level corrections has increased understanding of the area immediately east-southeast and hydrologically downgradient of Yucca Mountain. This small-gradient area is a nearly horizontal surface which corresponds to the likely direction of ground-water flow from Yucca Mountain - east-southeast. To the west of Yucca Mountain, water levels are approximately 45 m higher than those in the small-gradient area, and to the east of the northern part of Yucca Mountain water levels are approximately 300 m higher than those in the small-gradient area. Water levels are higher to the west of Yucca Mountain apparently because of a barrier to ground-water flow formed by the Solitario Canyon fault and a splay of the fault, and water levels are higher to the north apparently because of a semi-perched ground-water system.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Ervin, E.M., Luckey, R.R., and Burkhardt, D., 1993, Summary of revised potentiometric-surface map for Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1554-1558.","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1558","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ed8e4b08c986b31e18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ervin, E. M.","contributorId":76782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, D.J.","contributorId":53398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018246,"text":"70018246 - 1993 - Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018246","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration","docAbstract":"Analytical and numerical solutions are employed to examine the concentration history of a dissolved substance in water pumped from a leaky aquifer. Many aquifer systems are characterized by stratification, for example, a sandy layer overlain by a clay layer. To obtain information about separate hydrogeologic units, aquifer pumping tests are often conducted with a well penetrating only one of the layers. When the initial concentration distribution is also stratified (the concentration varies with elevation only), the concentration breakthrough in the pumped well may be interpreted to provide information on aquifer hydraulic and transport properties. To facilitate this interpretation, we present some simple analytical and numerical solutions for limiting cases and illustrate their application to a fractured bedrock/glacial drift aquifer system where the solute of interest is dissolved radon gas. In addition to qualitative information on water source, this method may yield estimates of effective porosity and saturated thickness (or fracture transport aperture) from a single-hole test. Little information about dispersivity is obtained because the measured concentration is not significantly affected by dispersion in the aquifer.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Hsieh, P.A., Shapiro, A.M., Wood, W., and Kraemer, T.F., 1993, Concentration history during pumping from a leaky aquifer with stratified initial concentration, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 29-35.","startPage":"29","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97de4b0c8380cd4d627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":378994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":378996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018279,"text":"70018279 - 1993 - U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","docAbstract":"During the late 1960's, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Water Resources Division (WRD) developed the Helley-Smith bedload sampler. Since then, the USGS and the Technical Committee of the Federal Interagency Subcommittee on Sedimentation (Technical Committee) have performed extensive flume and field studies concerning the calibration and use of bedload samplers. The policy and guidelines described in this paper are the results of this effort and are the current USGS policy and guidelines for the collection of bedload data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., 1993, U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 701-706.","startPage":"701","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbaa0e4b08c986b328281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018402,"text":"70018402 - 1993 - Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:18:59","indexId":"70018402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor, areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. 2. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). 3. (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., 1993, Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 1-2, p. 7-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -69.8016357421875,\n 41.734429390721\n ],\n [\n -69.8016357421875,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -71.070556640625,\n 41.734429390721\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1be4b08c986b317038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018396,"text":"70018396 - 1993 - Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018396","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"At Yucca Mountain, calcite occurs as open-space fillings and coatings on fractures within much of the host volcanic rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Strontium isotope analyses of these calcites divide the samples into two groups corresponding to their location in either the saturated or unsaturated zones. The group of samples from the unsaturated zone corresponds very well with pedogenic carbonate samples, indicating that the strontium came from the surface during infiltration events. However, four samples from the unsaturated zone show strontium isotopic ratios similar to present-day ground water. Since these samples are closest to the water table, they are interpreted as the result of a higher water-table stand (approx.85 m higher than present-day) in the past.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., Peterman, Z., and Stuckless, J.S., 1993, Strontium isotopic evidence for a higher water table at Yucca Mountain, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1948-1952.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb6e4b08c986b31d047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}