Agua Caliente Spring, in downtown Palm Springs, California, has been used for recreation and medicinal therapy for hundreds of years and currently (2008) is the source of hot water for the Spa Resort owned by the Agua Caliente Band of the Cahuilla Indians. The Agua Caliente Spring is located about 1,500 feet east of the eastern front of the San Jacinto Mountains on the southeast-sloping alluvial plain of the Coachella Valley. The objectives of this study were to (1) define the geologic structure associated with the Agua Caliente Spring; (2) define the source(s), and possibly the age(s), of water discharged by the spring; (3) ascertain the seasonal and longer-term variability of the natural discharge, water temperature, and chemical characteristics of the spring water; (4) evaluate whether water-level declines in the regional aquifer will influence the temperature of the spring discharge; and, (5) estimate the quantity of spring water that leaks out of the water-collector tank at the spring orifice.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians","usgsCitation":"Brandt, J., Catchings, R.D., Christensen, A.H., Flint, A.L., Gandhok, G., Goldman, M.R., Halford, K.J., Langenheim, V., Martin, P., Rymer, M.J., Schroeder, R.A., Smith, G.A., and Sneed, M., 2011, The source, discharge, and chemical characteristics of water from Agua Caliente Spring, Palm Springs, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5156, xii, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115156.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725853,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Brandt, Justin 0000-0002-9397-6824","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-6824","contributorId":23269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gandhok, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schroeder, Roy A. raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70004874,"text":"70004874 - 2011 - Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T15:38:53","indexId":"70004874","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China","docAbstract":"Global concerns over the emergence of zoonotic pandemics emphasize the need for high-resolution population distribution mapping and spatial modelling. Ongoing efforts to model disease risk in China have been hindered by a lack of available species level distribution maps for poultry. The goal of this study was to develop 1 km resolution population density models for China's chickens, ducks, and geese. We used an information theoretic approach to predict poultry densities based on statistical relationships between poultry census data and high-resolution agro-ecological predictor variables. Model predictions were validated by comparing goodness of fit measures (root mean square error and correlation coefficient) for observed and predicted values for 1/4 of the sample data which were not used for model training. Final output included mean and coefficient of variation maps for each species. We tested the quality of models produced using three predictor datasets and 4 regional stratification methods. For predictor variables, a combination of traditional predictors for livestock mapping and land use predictors produced the best goodness of fit scores. Comparison of regional stratifications indicated that for chickens and ducks, a stratification based on livestock production systems produced the best results; for geese, an agro-ecological stratification produced best results. However, for all species, each method of regional stratification produced significantly better goodness of fit scores than the global model. Here we provide descriptive methods, analytical comparisons, and model output for China's first high resolution, species level poultry distribution maps. Output will be made available to the scientific and public community for use in a wide range of applications from epidemiological studies to livestock policy and management initiatives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Wu, J., Ellis, E.C., Gale, F., Van Boeckel, T.P., Wint, W., Robinson, T., Xiao, X., and Gilbert, M., 2011, Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 141, no. 3-4, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474883,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/115772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438822,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z37S8Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Models describing the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China"},{"id":24385,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"141","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c75e4b0c8380cd6fcf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Junxi","contributorId":94030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Junxi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Erie C.","contributorId":87678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Erie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, Fred","contributorId":71310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Boeckel, Thomas P.","contributorId":47076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Boeckel","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wint, William","contributorId":67645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wint","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Tim","contributorId":7834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":67212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70150346,"text":"70150346 - 2011 - The distributions of one invasive and two native crayfishes in relation to coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T12:37:34","indexId":"70150346","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distributions of one invasive and two native crayfishes in relation to coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors","docAbstract":"1. Native crayfishes are often extirpated from portions of their range because of interactions with invasive species, anthropogenic alterations to environmental conditions or a combination of these factors. Our goal was to identify coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic factors related to the current distributions of the invasive crayfish, Orconectes hylas, and two endemic crayfishes, Orconectes peruncus andOrconectes quadruncus in the St. Francis River drainage, Missouri, U.S.A. and to provide wider insights into the potential role of anthropogenic factors in facilitating species displacement.
\n2. We used classification trees to model coarse-scale natural and anthropogenic environmental factors and their relation to the presence or absence of each species. Model results were then used to predict probability of presence for each species within each stream segment throughout the entire St. Francis River drainage.
\n3. Factors related to geology and soils were the best predictors of species distributions. A dichotomy of these factors explained much of the discrete distributions of the two native species. Agricultural-related factors were identified as the most influential anthropogenic activity related to species distributions. All associations between the invasive species and anthropogenic factors were negative which suggested the invader was not likely to establish in heavily impacted areas. Overall, our models had high correct classification rates, and we were able to reliably predict the presence of the invader in the invaded drainage.
\n4. Given the negative associations of the invader with anthropogenic alterations at a coarse spatial scale, we believe other mechanisms are likely to be responsible for the widespread displacement of the two native species. These findings can be used to assist in conservation activities such as creation of refugia for native species and may direct future research to identify the mechanism(s) of species displacement.
\nChapter 2 focused on the environmental results of the ARP, presenting data from national monitoring networks on SO2 and NOx emissions, air quality, atmospheric deposition, surface water chemistry, and visibility. This chapter expands on this information by examining the most recent research into how ecosystems respond to acid deposition, especially the processes that control the recovery of ecosystems as acid deposition decreases.
In Chapter 2, two general trends were discussed regarding the current recovery status of affected ecosystems: (1) these ecosystems are trending generally towards recovery, but improvements in ecosystem condition shown by surface water chemistry monitoring data thus far have been less than the improvements in deposition; and (2) ecosystem impacts and trends vary widely by geographic region, but the evidence of improvement is strongest and most evident in the Northeast. These trends are not uniform across the United States, however, and in some regions (e.g., central Appalachian Mountain region), trends in improved water quality are generally not evident.
Despite the strong link in many areas between reduced emissions and reduced acidity of atmospheric deposition, the link is less clear between reduced acidity and recovery of the biological communities that live in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that have experienced deleterious effects from acid deposition. The recovery of these communities is proceeding at a slower pace than, for example, the improvements in stream and lake ANC would indicate. The goal of this chapter is to synthesize the science in a weightof-evidence manner to provide policy makers with tangible evidence and likely causative factors regarding ecosystem status and recovery patterns to date. This chapter serves as an update to the 2005 NAPAP RTC (NSTC, 2005), with an emphasis on scientific studies and monitoring since 2003, which was the last year for consideration of research results in the 2005 report. Several issues pertinent to ecosystem response to emission controls and acid deposition are receiving increasing attention in the scientific literature and will be discussed in this chapter, including the (1) observed delay in ecosystem recovery in the eastern United States, even with decreases in emissions and deposition over the past 30 years; (2) emerging ecosystem impacts of nitrogen deposition in the western United States; (3) the application of critical deposition loads as a tool for scientists to better inform air quality policies; (4) the role of changes in climate and the carbon cycle as factors that affect the response of ecosystems to acid deposition; and (5) the interaction of multiple pollutants in ecosystems. Throughout this chapter, the value of long-term environmental monitoring data in informing air quality policy will be highlighted, including the limitations of assessing the current status of some ecosystem indicators for which continuous, long-term data are lacking.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Fenn, M.E., and Baron, J., 2011, Effects of acid deposition on ecosystems: Advances in the state of the science, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/NAPAP/NAPAP_2011_Report_508_Compliant.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107bbe4b06e28e9c255ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenn, Mark E.","contributorId":94168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenn","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042445,"text":"70042445 - 2011 - The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T15:39:57","indexId":"70042445","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles","docAbstract":"Anomalously low values of friction observed in layers of submicron particles deformed in simple shear at high slip velocities are explained as the consequence of a one nanometer thick layer of water adsorbed on the particles. The observed transition from normal friction with an apparent coefficient near μ = 0.6 at low slip speeds to a coefficient near μ = 0.3 at higher slip speeds is attributed to competition between the time required to extrude the water layer from between neighboring particles in a force chain and the average lifetime of the chain. At low slip speeds the time required for extrusion is less than the average lifetime of a chain so the particles make contact and lock. As slip speed increases, the average lifetime of a chain decreases until it is less than the extrusion time and the particles in a force chain never come into direct contact. If the adsorbed water layer enables the otherwise rough particles to rotate, the coefficient of friction will drop to μ = 0.3, appropriate for rotating spheres. At the highest slip speeds particle temperatures rise above 100°C, the water layer vaporizes, the particles contact and lock, and the coefficient of friction rises to μ = 0.6. The observed onset of weakening at slip speeds near 0.001 m/s is consistent with the measured viscosity of a 1 nm thick layer of adsorbed water, with a minimum particle radius of approximately 20 nm, and with reasonable assumptions about the distribution of force chains guided by experimental observation. The reduction of friction and the range of velocities over which it occurs decrease with increasing normal stress, as predicted by the model. Moreover, the analysis predicts that this high-speed weakening mechanism should operate only for particles with radii smaller than approximately 1 μm. For larger particles the slip speed required for weakening is so large that frictional heating will evaporate the adsorbed water and weakening will not occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0","usgsCitation":"Sammis, C.G., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2011, The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 12, p. 2325-2334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2325","endPage":"2334","ipdsId":"IP-026984","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0324-0"}],"country":"United States","volume":"168","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a874eae4b082d85d5ed8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammis, Charles G.","contributorId":33208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reches, Ze’ev","contributorId":45615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reches","given":"Ze’ev","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042483,"text":"70042483 - 2011 - High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-17T20:29:44","indexId":"70042483","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes","docAbstract":"High-frequency and full waveform synthetic seismograms on a 3-D laterally heterogeneous earth model are simulated using the theory of coupled normal modes. The set of coupled integral equations that describe the 3-D response are simplified into a set of uncoupled integral equations by using the Born approximation to calculate scattered wavefields and the pure-path approximation to modulate the phase of incident and scattered wavefields. This depends upon a decomposition of the aspherical structure into smooth and rough components. The uncoupled integral equations are discretized and solved in the frequency domain, and time domain results are obtained by inverse Fourier transform. Examples show the utility of the normal mode approach to synthesize the seismic wavefields resulting from interaction with a combination of rough and smooth structural heterogeneities. This approach is applied to an ∼4 Hz shallow crustal wave propagation around the site of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2011, High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 3, p. 1420-1442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x.","startPage":"1420","endPage":"1442","ipdsId":"IP-032212","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05188.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271032,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05188.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"187","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc465e4b05024ef3cd404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043574,"text":"70043574 - 2011 - Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T12:17:00","indexId":"70043574","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky","docAbstract":"hreatened or endangered. Muskrat populations have been reduced in some streams where North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) were reintroduced, and it has been hypothesized that otter reintroduction could be used as a tool for conservation of mussels. We used occupancy estimation methods to evaluate the ecological relationship between muskrats and otters by collecting presence–absence data based on field sign found at bridge crossings in eastern and central Kentucky. Mean detection probabilities (ps) and occupancy probabilities (ψs) for muskrats were 0.692 (SE = 0.045) and 0.723 (SE = 0.071) and for otters were 0.623 (SE = 0.036) and 0.662 (SE = 0.069), respectively. Otter occupancy was related negatively to distance from release sites, which suggests that the otter population is still expanding its range. A 2-species interaction model indicated that the occupancy by muskrats and river otters was independent, and we conclude that river otter reintroduction would not be an effective strategy for conserving mussels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Williamson, R., 2011, Evaluating interactions between river otters and muskrats at bridge crossings in Kentucky: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 6, p. 1314-1320, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1.","startPage":"1314","endPage":"1320","ipdsId":"IP-032508","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-088.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268017,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-088.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f31ee4b04edf7e93f89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Ryan","contributorId":65736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043447,"text":"70043447 - 2011 - Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia perfusa in the North Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T12:28:13","indexId":"70043447","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia perfusa in the North Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the degree to which populations are connected through larval dispersal is imperative to effective management, yet little is known about larval dispersal ability or population connectivity in Lophelia pertusa, the dominant framework-forming coral on the continental slope in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using nine microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the spatial scale and pattern of genetic connectivity across a large portion of the range of L. pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. A Bayesian modeling approach found four distinct genetic groupings corresponding to ocean regions: Gulf of Mexico, coastal southeastern U.S., New England Seamounts, and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. An isolation-by-distance pattern was supported across the study area. Estimates of pairwise population differentiation were greatest with the deepest populations, the New England Seamounts (average FST = 0.156). Differentiation was intermediate with the eastern North Atlantic populations (FST = 0.085), and smallest between southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico populations (FST = 0.019), with evidence of admixture off the southeastern Florida peninsula. Connectivity across larger geographic distances within regions suggests that some larvae are broadly dispersed. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected within the majority of localities suggesting deviation from random mating. Gene flow between ocean regions appears restricted, thus, the most effective management scheme for L. pertusa involves regional reserve networks","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5","usgsCitation":"Morrison, C., 2011, Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia perfusa in the North Atlantic Ocean: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, p. 713-729, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5.","startPage":"713","endPage":"729","ipdsId":"IP-014863","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268021,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5"},{"id":268022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.safmc.net/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=wjbPRdmE80Y%3D&tabid=247"}],"country":"United States","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f323e4b04edf7e93f8b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. cmorrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190565,"text":"70190565 - 2011 - Food webs and fishing affect parasitism of the sea urchin Eucidaris galapagensis in the Galápagos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T14:03:53","indexId":"70190565","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Food webs and fishing affect parasitism of the sea urchin Eucidaris galapagensis in the Galápagos","title":"Food webs and fishing affect parasitism of the sea urchin Eucidaris galapagensis in the Galápagos","docAbstract":"In the Galápagos Islands, two eulimid snails parasitize the common pencil sea urchin, Eucidaris galapagensis. Past work in the Galápagos suggests that fishing reduces lobster and fish densities and, due to this relaxation of predation pressure, indirectly increases urchin densities, creating the potential for complex indirect interactions between fishing and parasitic snails. To measure indirect effects of fishing on these parasitic snails, we investigated the spatial relationships among urchins, parasitic snails, commensal crabs, and large urchin predators (hogfish and lobsters). Parasitic snails had higher densities at sites where urchins were abundant, probably due to increased resource availability. Commensal crabs that shelter under urchin spines, particularly the endemic Mithrax nodosus, preyed on the parasitic snails in aquaria, and snails were less abundant at field sites where these crabs were common. In aquaria, hogfish and lobsters readily ate crabs, but crabs were protected from predation under urchin spines, leading to a facultative mutualism between commensal crabs and urchins. In the field, fishing appeared to indirectly increase the abundance of urchins and their commensal crabs by reducing predation pressure from fish and lobsters. Fished sites had fewer snails per urchin, probably due to increased predation from commensal crabs. However, because fished sites also tended to have more urchins, there was no significant net effect of fishing on the number of snails per square meter. These results suggest that fishing can have complex indirect effects on parasites by altering food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0559.1","usgsCitation":"Sonnenholzner, J.I., Lafferty, K.D., and Ladah, L.B., 2011, Food webs and fishing affect parasitism of the sea urchin Eucidaris galapagensis in the Galápagos: Ecology, v. 92, no. 12, p. 2276-2284, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0559.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2276","endPage":"2284","ipdsId":"IP-082596","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b02e4b020cdf7db1fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonnenholzner, Jorge I.","contributorId":177925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnenholzner","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladah, Lydia B.","contributorId":177926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladah","given":"Lydia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042395,"text":"70042395 - 2011 - Metadata for data rescue and data at risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T16:19:05","indexId":"70042395","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Metadata for data rescue and data at risk","docAbstract":"Scientific data age, become stale, fall into disuse and run tremendous risks of being forgotten and lost. These problems can be addressed by archiving and managing scientific data over time, and establishing practices that facilitate data discovery and reuse. Metadata documentation is integral to this work and essential for measuring and assessing high priority data preservation cases. The International Council for Science: Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) has a newly appointed Data-at-Risk Task Group (DARTG), participating in the general arena of rescuing data. The DARTG primary objective is building an inventory of scientific data that are at risk of being lost forever. As part of this effort, the DARTG is testing an approach for documenting endangered datasets. The DARTG is developing a minimal and easy to use set of metadata properties for sufficiently describing endangered data, which will aid global data rescue missions. The DARTG metadata framework supports rapid capture, and easy documentation, across an array of scientific domains. This paper reports on the goals and principles supporting the DARTG metadata schema, and provides a description of the preliminary implementation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2011 Conference on ensuring long-term preservation in adding value to scientific and technical data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Conference on ensuring long-term preservation in adding value to scientific and technical data","conferenceDate":"November 15-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse, France","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.L., Faundeen, J., Greenberg, J., and Taylor, F., 2011, Metadata for data rescue and data at risk, in 2011 Conference on ensuring long-term preservation in adding value to scientific and technical data, Toulouse, France, November 15-17, 2011, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-032696","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea7e4b006455f2d61fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, William L.","contributorId":178803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27529,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Il","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faundeen, John 0000-0003-0287-2921 faundeen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2921","contributorId":3097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faundeen","given":"John","email":"faundeen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenberg, Jane","contributorId":191308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Fraser","contributorId":191309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Fraser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004692,"text":"70004692 - 2011 - Silver bioaccumulation dynamics in a freshwater invertebrate after aqueous and dietary exposures to nanosized and ionic Ag","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T10:56:36","indexId":"70004692","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silver bioaccumulation dynamics in a freshwater invertebrate after aqueous and dietary exposures to nanosized and ionic Ag","docAbstract":"We compared silver (Ag) bioavailability and toxicity to a freshwater gastropod after exposure to ionic silver (Ag+) and to Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with citrate or with humic acid. Silver form, exposure route, and capping agent influence Ag bioaccumulation dynamics in Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails efficiently accumulated Ag from all forms after either aqueous or dietary exposure. For both exposure routes, uptake rates were faster for Ag+ than for Ag NPs. Snails efficiently assimilated Ag from Ag NPs mixed with diatoms (assimilation efficiency (AE) ranged from 49 to 58%) and from diatoms pre-exposed to Ag+ (AE of 73%). In the diet, Ag NPs damaged digestion. Snails ate less and inefficiently processed the ingested food, which adversely impacted their growth. Loss rates of Ag were faster after waterborne exposure to Ag NPs than after exposure to dissolved Ag+. Once Ag was taken up from diet, whether from Ag+ or Ag NPs, Ag was lost extremely slowly. Large Ag body concentrations are thus expected in L. stagnalis after dietborne exposures, especially to citrate-capped Ag NPs. Ingestion of Ag associated with particulate materials appears as the most important vector of uptake. Nanosilver exposure from food might trigger important environmental risks.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es200880c","usgsCitation":"le Croteau, M., Misra, S.K., Luoma, S.N., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, Silver bioaccumulation dynamics in a freshwater invertebrate after aqueous and dietary exposures to nanosized and ionic Ag: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 15, p. 6600-6607, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200880c.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6600","endPage":"6607","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f4ae4b08c986b318e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"le Croteau, Marie-Noe","contributorId":100994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"le Croteau","given":"Marie-Noe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misra, Superb K.","contributorId":91231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Superb","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192539,"text":"70192539 - 2011 - Female American Kestrel survives double amputation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T12:10:49","indexId":"70192539","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Female American Kestrel survives double amputation","docAbstract":"Free-ranging raptors are susceptible to a variety of injuries, many of which are sustained while pursuing and/or capturing live prey. Injuries hindering an individual’s ability to capture prey, such as partial blindness, damage to the bill, and foot or leg injuries, are debilitating and potentially life-threatening. However, there are ample observations in the literature of free-ranging raptors with eye (Bedrosian and St.Pierre 2007), bill (Strobel and Haralson-Strobel 2009) and foot and leg injuries (Blodget et al. 1990, Murza et al. 2000, Dwyer 2006, Bedrosian and St.Pierre 2007), suggesting that some individuals are able to compensate for their injuries if only partial functionality is lost (e.g., loss of only one eye). Reports of injuries resulting in the complete loss of functionality (e.g., loss of both eyes) are rare as individuals suffering such severe trauma presumably do not survive long. Here we report the capture on a bal-chatri trap of an American Kestrel (Falco sparverius; hereafter kestrel) with previous amputation of both legs
","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-11-31.1","usgsCitation":"Skipper, B.R., and Boal, C.W., 2011, Female American Kestrel survives double amputation: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 374-375, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-11-31.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"375","ipdsId":"IP-029564","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f338e4b09af898c8cdc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skipper, Ben R.","contributorId":198462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skipper","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003339,"text":"70003339 - 2011 - Spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved methylmercury in two stream basins in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:37:43","indexId":"70003339","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved methylmercury in two stream basins in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"We assessed methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations across multiple ecological scales in the Edisto (South Carolina) and Upper Hudson (New York) River basins. Out-of-channel wetland/floodplain environments were primary sources of filtered MeHg (F-MeHg) to the stream habitat in both systems. Shallow, open-water areas in both basins exhibited low F-MeHg concentrations and decreasing F-MeHg mass flux. Downstream increases in out-of-channel wetlands/floodplains and the absence of impoundments result in high MeHg throughout the Edisto. Despite substantial wetlands coverage and elevated F-MeHg concentrations at the headwater margins, numerous impoundments on primary stream channels favor spatial variability and lower F-MeHg concentrations in the Upper Hudson. The results indicated that, even in geographically, climatically, and ecologically diverse streams, production in wetland/floodplain areas, hydrologic transport to the stream aquatic environment, and conservative/nonconservative attenuation processes in open water areas are fundamental controls on dissolved MeHg concentrations and, by extension, MeHg availability for potential biotic uptake.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es103923j","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Burns, D.A., Riva-Murray, K., Brigham, M.E., Button, D.T., Chasar, L.C., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Lowery, M.A., and Journey, C.A., 2011, Spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved methylmercury in two stream basins in the Eastern United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 6, p. 2048-2055, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103923j.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2048","endPage":"2055","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science 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The complex, transboundary nature of climate change demands the collaboration of scientists, managers, and stakeholders in this effort. To share, integrate, and apply knowledge from these diverse perspectives, we must engage in social learning. In 2009, we initiated a process to engage university researchers and agency scientists and managers in collaborative learning to assess the impacts of climate change on terrestrial fauna in the state of Wisconsin, USA. We constructed conceptual Bayesian networks to depict the influence of climate change, key biotic and abiotic factors, and existing stressors on the distribution and abundance of 3 species: greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus), and Karner blue butterfly (Plebejus melissa samuelis). For each species, we completed a 2-stage expert review that elicited dialogue on information gaps, management opportunities, and research priorities. From our experience, collaborative network modeling proved to be a powerful tool to develop a common vision of the potential impacts of climate change on conservation targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.62","usgsCitation":"LeDee, O., Karasov, W.H., Martin, K.J., Meyer, M., Ribic, C., and Van Deelen, T.R., 2011, Envisioning the future of wildlife in a changing climate: Collaborative learning for adaptation planning: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 35, no. 4, p. 508-513, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.62.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-025330","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/68cac26a73a04e5c9bb31d3aa97fd0c4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107bbe4b06e28e9c255ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":199985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karasov, W. 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Disturbances caused by climate warming in arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments can result in significant redistribution of C among major reservoirs with potential global impacts. We divide the current northern high-latitude SOC pools into (1) near-surface soils where SOC is affected by seasonal freeze-thaw processes and changes in moisture status, and (2) deeper permafrost and peatland strata down to several tens of meters depth where SOC is usually not affected by short-term changes. We address key factors (permafrost, vegetation, hydrology, paleoenvironmental history) and processes (C input, storage, decomposition, and output) responsible for the formation of the large high-latitude SOC pool in North America and highlight how climate-related disturbances could alter this pool's character and size. Press disturbances of relatively slow but persistent nature such as top-down thawing of permafrost, and changes in hydrology, microbiological communities, pedological processes, and vegetation types, as well as pulse disturbances of relatively rapid and local nature such as wildfires and thermokarst, could substantially impact SOC stocks. Ongoing climate warming in the North American high-latitude region could result in crossing environmental thresholds, thereby accelerating press disturbances and increasingly triggering pulse disturbances and eventually affecting the C source/sink net character of northern high-latitude soils. Finally, we assess postdisturbance feedbacks, models, and predictions for the northern high-latitude SOC pool, and discuss data and research gaps to be addressed by future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001507","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Harden, J.W., Turetsky, M., McGuire, A., Camill, P., Tarnocai, C., Frolking, S., Schuur, E.A., Jorgenson, T., Marchenko, S., Romanovsky, V., Wickland, K.P., French, N., Waldrop, M.P., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., and Striegl, R.G., 2011, Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. 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An analysis of the geographic and elevation distribution demonstrates that the most widespread species of “core” Maxillariinae are all adapted to life near sea level, whereas the most narrowly endemic species are largely distributed in wet highland environments. Drier, hotter lowland gaps exist between these cordilleras and evidently restrict the dispersal of the species adapted to wetter, cooler conditions. Among the recent generic realignments of “core” Maxillariinae based on molecular phylogenetics, the Camaridium clade is easily the most prominent genus in Central America and is largely restricted to the highlands of Costa Rica and Panama, indicating that this region is the ancestral home of this genus and that its dispersal limits are drier, lowland cordilleran gaps. The mountains of Costa Rica and Panama are among the geologically youngest topographic features in the Neotropics, reflecting the complex and dynamic interactions of numerous tectonic plates. From consideration of the available geological evidence, I conclude that the rapid growth of the mountain ranges in Costa Rica and Panama during the late Cenozoic times created, in turn, very rapid ranges in ecological life zones and geographic isolation in that part of the isthmus. Thus, I suggest that these recent geologic events were the primary drivers for accelerated orchid evolution in southeastern Central America.
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One proposed recovery action is the reconnection of tributaries in the Lemhi Basin. Past water use policies in this core area disconnected headwater spawning sites from downstream habitat and have led to the loss of migratory life history forms. We developed an adaptive management framework to analyze which types of streams should be prioritized for reconnection under a proposed Habitat Conservation Plan. We developed a Stochastic Dynamic Program that identified optimal policies over time under four different assumptions about the nature of the migratory behavior and the effects of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis on subpopulations of bull trout. In general, given the current state of the system and the uncertainties about the dynamics, the optimal policy would be to connect streams that are currently occupied by bull trout. We also estimated the value of information as the difference between absolute certainty about which of our four assumptions were correct, and a model averaged optimization assuming no knowledge. Overall there is little to be gained by learning about the dynamics of the system in its current state, although in other parts of the state space reducing uncertainties about the system would be very valuable. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis; the optimal decision at the current state does not change even when parameter values are changed up to 75% of the baseline values. Overall, the exercise demonstrates that it is possible to apply adaptive management principles to threatened and endangered species, but logistical and data availability constraints make detailed analyses difficult.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/022011-JFWM-012","usgsCitation":"Tyre, A.J., Peterson, J., Converse, S.J., Bogich, T., Miller, D., Post van der Burg, M., Thomas, C., Thompson, R.J., Wood, J., Brewer, D., and Runge, M.C., 2011, Adaptive management of bull trout populations in the Lemhi Basin: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 262-281, https://doi.org/10.3996/022011-JFWM-012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"281","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020782","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchusclarkii lewisi: implications for conservation","docAbstract":"Twenty-five populations of westslope cutthroat trout from throughout their native range were genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci to describe the genetic structure of westslope cutthroat trout. The most genetic diversity (heterozygosity, allelic richness, and private alleles) existed in populations from the Snake River drainage, while populations from the Missouri River drainage had the least. Neighbor-joining trees grouped populations according to major river drainages. A great amount of genetic differentiation was present among and within all drainages. Based on Nei’s DS, populations in the Snake River were the most differentiated, while populations in the Missouri River were the least. This pattern of differentiation is consistent with a history of sequential founding events through which westslope cutthroat trout may have experienced a genetic bottleneck as they colonized each river basin from the Snake to the Clark Fork to the Missouri river. These data should serve as a starting point for a discussion on management units and possible distinct population segments. Given the current threats to the persistence of westslope cutthroat trout, and the substantial genetic differentiation between populations, these topics warrant attention.
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Drinan, Kalinowski, S.T., Vu, N.V., Shepard, B.B., Muhlfeld, C.C., and Campbell, M.R., 2011, Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchusclarkii lewisi: implications for conservation: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1513-1523, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0249-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1523","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022981","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork River basin, Missouri River basin, Saint Mary River basin, Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -109.3798828125,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 44.43377984606825\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45731e4b0518e354694c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel P. 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There was no significant seismic activity in 2010 at these monitored volcanic centers. Seismograph subnetworks with severe outages in 2009 were repaired in 2010 resulting in three volcanic centers (Aniakchak, Korovin, and Veniaminof) being relisted in the formal list of monitored volcanoes. This catalog includes locations and statistics of the earthquakes located in 2010 with the station parameters, velocity models, and other files used to locate these earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds645","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., and Searcy, C.K., 2011, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 645, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds645.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/645/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_645.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.82373046875,\n 50.86491125522503\n ],\n [\n -182.120361328125,\n 52.09975692575725\n ],\n [\n -170.33203125,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.26685631430843\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -153.8525390625,\n 53.69670647530323\n ],\n [\n -181.82373046875,\n 50.86491125522503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f39be4b0c8380cd4b8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Searcy, Cheryl K.","contributorId":107013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176303,"text":"70176303 - 2011 - Indigenous observations of climate change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T15:15:43","indexId":"70176303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1912,"text":"Human Organization","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indigenous observations of climate change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Natural science climate change studies have led to an overwhelming amount of evidence that the Arctic and Subarctic are among the world's first locations to begin experiencing climate change. Indigenous knowledge of northern regions is a valuable resource to assess the effects of climate change on the people and the landscape. Most studies, however, have focused on coastal Arctic and Subarctic communities with relatively little focus on inland communities. This paper relates the findings from fieldwork conducted in the Lower Yukon River Basin of Alaska in the spring of 2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters and elders in the villages of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska to document observations of climate change. This study assumes that scientific findings and indigenous knowledge are complementary and seeks to overcome the false dichotomy that these two ways of knowing are in opposition. The observed changes in the climate communicated by the hunters and elders of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska are impacting the community in ways ranging from subsistence (shifting flora and fauna patterns), concerns about safety (unpredictable weather patterns and dangerous ice conditions), and a changing resource base (increased reliance on fossil fuels). Here we attempt to address the challenges of integrating these two ways of knowing while relating indigenous observations as described by elders and hunters of the study area to those described by scientific literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Applied Anthropology","doi":"10.17730/humo.70.3.v88841235897071m","usgsCitation":"Herman-Mercer, N.M., Schuster, P.F., and Maracle, K., 2011, Indigenous observations of climate change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Human Organization, v. 70, no. 3, p. 244-252, https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.70.3.v88841235897071m.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"252","ipdsId":"IP-022073","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3de4b0571647cf8dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman-Mercer, Nicole M. 0000-0001-5933-4978 nhmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-4978","contributorId":3927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman-Mercer","given":"Nicole","email":"nhmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maracle, Karonhiakt’tie","contributorId":174432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maracle","given":"Karonhiakt’tie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27457,"text":"Fairbanks, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190477,"text":"70190477 - 2011 - Value of a dual-polarized gap-filling radar in support of southern California post-fire debris-flow warnings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T09:33:48","indexId":"70190477","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Value of a dual-polarized gap-filling radar in support of southern California post-fire debris-flow warnings","docAbstract":"A portable truck-mounted C-band Doppler weather radar was deployed to observe rainfall over the Station Fire burn area near Los Angeles, California, during the winter of 2009/10 to assist with debris-flow warning decisions. The deployments were a component of a joint NOAA–U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research effort to improve definition of the rainfall conditions that trigger debris flows from steep topography within recent wildfire burn areas. A procedure was implemented to blend various dual-polarized estimators of precipitation (for radar observations taken below the freezing level) using threshold values for differential reflectivity and specific differential phase shift that improves the accuracy of the rainfall estimates over a specific burn area sited with terrestrial tipping-bucket rain gauges. The portable radar outperformed local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) National Weather Service network radars in detecting rainfall capable of initiating post-fire runoff-generated debris flows. The network radars underestimated hourly precipitation totals by about 50%. Consistent with intensity–duration threshold curves determined from past debris-flow events in burned areas in Southern California, the portable radar-derived rainfall rates exceeded the empirical thresholds over a wider range of storm durations with a higher spatial resolution than local National Weather Service operational radars. Moreover, the truck-mounted C-band radar dual-polarimetric-derived estimates of rainfall intensity provided a better guide to the expected severity of debris-flow events, based on criteria derived from previous events using rain gauge data, than traditional radar-derived rainfall approaches using reflectivity–rainfall relationships for either the portable or operational network WSR-88D radars. Part of the reason for the improvement was due to siting the radar closer to the burn zone than the WSR-88Ds, but use of the dual-polarimetric variables improved the rainfall estimation by ~12% over the use of traditional Z–R relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-11-05.1","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.P., Hanshaw, M.N., Schmidt, K.M., Laber, J.L., Staley, D.M., Kean, J.W., and Restrepo, P.J., 2011, Value of a dual-polarized gap-filling radar in support of southern California post-fire debris-flow warnings: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 12, p. 1581-1595, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-05.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1581","endPage":"1595","ipdsId":"IP-032700","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-11-05.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59aa71dce4b0e9bde130d006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, David P.","contributorId":196125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, Maiana N.","contributorId":54505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"Maiana","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laber, Jayme L.","contributorId":192864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laber","given":"Jayme","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Restrepo, Pedro J.","contributorId":73263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Pedro","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005312,"text":"70005312 - 2011 - Aquaculture drugs: drug approval research on 17 a-methyltestosterone (official transfer to 17 a-Methyltestosterone (MT) analytical method for feed)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T09:25:55","indexId":"70005312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Aquaculture drugs: drug approval research on 17 a-methyltestosterone (official transfer to 17 a-Methyltestosterone (MT) analytical method for feed)","language":"English","publisher":"North Central Regional Aquaculture Center","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., and Wijewickreme, N., 2011, Aquaculture drugs: drug approval research on 17 a-methyltestosterone (official transfer to 17 a-Methyltestosterone (MT) analytical method for feed) (Annual Progress Report 2009-10), 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-032486","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268001,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ncrac.org/oldfiles/NR/rdonlyres/41229A83-FD19-47D0-811B-30A92C946A95/148524/ncracapr20092010sec6of12.pdf"}],"country":"United States","edition":"Annual Progress Report 2009-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f30fe4b04edf7e93f84f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":43248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wijewickreme, Nilmini","contributorId":78217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wijewickreme","given":"Nilmini","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006131,"text":"sir20115134 - 2011 - Sediment concentrations, loads, and particle-size distributions in the Red River of the North and selected tributaries near Fargo, North Dakota, during the 2011 spring high-flow event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:37:22","indexId":"sir20115134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5134","title":"Sediment concentrations, loads, and particle-size distributions in the Red River of the North and selected tributaries near Fargo, North Dakota, during the 2011 spring high-flow event","docAbstract":"To provide accurate and reliable information on sediment near the Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan area, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a study in the spring (March-May) of 2010 and the spring of 2011 to examine sediment concentrations, loads, and particle-size distributions at nine selected sites in the Red River and its tributaries. Samples of suspended sediment, bed material, and bedload were collected at the nine sites at various time intervals during the high-flow events.\nSuspended-sediment concentrations varied spatially during the 2011 spring high-flow event sampling period. Most tributary streams had substantially higher suspended-sediment concentrations compared to suspended-sediment concentrations in the main stem of the Red River, especially at the Sheyenne River sites. Suspended-sediment concentrations on the Red River ranged from 45 to 126 milligrams per liter near Christine, North Dakota and from 49 to 197 milligrams per liter near Fargo, North Dakota. In comparison, the suspendedsediment concentrations ranged from 239 to 1,180 milligrams per liter at the Sheyenne River above Diversion and from 199 to 1,130 milligrams per liter at the Sheyenne River below Diversion. The Buffalo River had the lowest concentrations among the sites; suspended-sediment concentrations in the Buffalo River ranged from 21 to 61 milligrams per liter. Peak measured suspended-sediment concentrations were slightly higher in 2011 at the Red River near Fargo, Sheyenne River above Diversion, and Sheyenne River below Diversion compared to measured suspended-sediment concentrations in 2010. Peak measured suspended-sediment concentrations were lower in 2011 at the Red River near Christine, Maple River, and Wild Rice River compared to measured suspendedsediment concentrations in 2010.\nTotal sediment loads measured during the 2011 spring high-flow event at the Red River and its tributaries near the Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan area were mainly composed of suspended sediment and were greatest at the Sheyenne River above Diversion compared to the loads at the other eight sites. The calculated total sediment load during the entire event ranged from 3,040 tons at the Lower Branch Rush River (April 7-21) to 188,000 tons at the Sheyenne River above Diversion (April 8 to May 16). The peak daily total sediment loads calculated for the 2011 spring high-flow event ranged from 825 tons per day in the Lower Branch Rush River to 13,209 tons per day in the Sheyenne River above Diversion\nMore than 90 percent of the measured suspended sediment was composed of fine-grained material less than 0.062 millimeters in most of the suspended-sediment samples collected during the 2011 spring high-flow event, except for the Sheyenne River. Samples from the Sheyenne River above Diversion had 19 to 43 percent of the suspended sediment with particle sizes greater than 0.062 millimeters and the Sheyenne River below Diversion had 10 to 30 percent of the suspended sediment with particle sizes greater than 0.062 millimeters.\nMost of the bedload samples had particle sizes in the 0.5 to 1 millimeter and 0.25 to 0.5 millimeter ranges from the Maple River, Wild Rice River, Rush River, Buffalo River, and Red River sites. The Rush and Lower Branch Rush Rivers also had a greater portion of larger particle sizes in the 1 to 2 millimeter range. The Sheyenne River sites had a greater portion of smaller particle sizes in the bedload in the 0.125 to 0.5 millimeter range compared to the other sites. The bed material in samples collected during the 2011 spring high-flow event demonstrated a wider distribution of particle sizes than were observed in the bedload; the coarsest material was found at the Red River near Christine and the Lower Branch Rush River and the finest material at the Sheyenne River sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., Blanchard, R., and Ellison, C.A., 2011, Sediment concentrations, loads, and particle-size distributions in the Red River of the North and selected tributaries near Fargo, North Dakota, during the 2011 spring high-flow event: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5134, vi, 30 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115134.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.; Figures; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5134.jpg"},{"id":110982,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"North Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e477fe4b07f02db481b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Robert A.","contributorId":13342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Christopher A. 0000-0002-5886-6654 cellison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-6654","contributorId":4891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Christopher","email":"cellison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044211,"text":"70044211 - 2011 - Efficacy of fipronil for control of yellowjacket wasps in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:46:05","indexId":"70044211","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-028","title":"Efficacy of fipronil for control of yellowjacket wasps in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","docAbstract":"The western yellowjacket wasp (Vespula pensylvanica) invaded Hawai`i’s national parks and refuges following its spread throughout the islands in the late 1970s. The endemic arthropod fauna of Hawai`i is thought to be especially vulnerable to these predacious social Hymenoptera, and methods of wasp control have been a priority for conservation biology in Hawai`i. The efficacy of the insecticide fipronil mixed with minced canned chicken meat for suppression of yellowjacket populations was evaluated in five experimental field trials in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park between 1999 and 2005. Populations of Vespula were monitored in replicate twoto four- hectare study areas in mesic montane and seasonal submontane forests, before and after application of chicken bait, with and without 0.1% fipronil, and in treatment and nontreatment areas. The bait was applied in hanging bait stations for two to three days. The response of yellowjacket wasp populations was measured using at least three different metrics of abundance including instantaneous counts of wasps at bait stations, wasp traffic rates at Vespula nests, as well as heptyl butyrate trap and/or malaise trap catches in the study areas. All indices of wasp abundance exhibited significant reductions in sites treated with fipronil compared with non-treatment sites with the exception of malaise trapping, where only a limited number of traps were available to be deployed. Wasp traffic ceased at all Vespula nests in sites treated with fipronil within a month after baiting in four of the five trials. The only trial where fipronil failed to terminate yellowjacket nest activity occurred late in the fall when wasps switch from feeding on protein to carbohydrate foods. Based on these data, 0.1% fipronil in chicken bait appears to be an effective tool for suppressing local Vespula yellowjacket populations in the park and other natural areas during the period of peak wasp activity in the summer and early fall months.
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Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures; as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them.
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