This report demonstrates two techniques for evaluating risks in the operation of a water-supply system. Both rely on reconstructed historical streamflow data to develop estimates of the probabilities of certain specific events occurring in the future. These techniques are applied to the Occoquan Reservoir which was experiencing an unprecedented low level of storage in the autumn of 1977. The two techniques are used respectively to evaluate the overall adequacy of the existing reservoir and to evaluate the risks in the 1977 crisis.
In the first technique, the general risk analysis model (GRAM), simulations of the reservoir's contents are carried out under a set of assumptions about withdrawal rates and emergency procedures. The results of the GRAM simulation for the Occoquan Reservoir are in the form of estimates of the probabilities that in any year certain emergency procedures will have to be invoked. These estimates are given for a range of rates of withdrawals and for four different stages of emergency actions. Also given are the estimated probabilities of entering emergency conditions in one year given that an emergency had occurred in the previous year. Due to the year-to-year persistence of low flows, these latter (conditional) probabilities are higher than the former (marginal) probabilities.
The second technique used is position analysis. In this procedure probability distributions of future storages are estimated under existing storage conditions and an assumed rate of withdrawal from the reservoir. The position analysis which was initialized at the October 1, 1977, conditions indicates that the probability of entering a Stage III emergency (the prohibition of all uses of water nonessential to life, health, and safety) in the autumn of 1977 or winter of 1978 was 10 percent at that time. However, with a reduction in water use by 8 million gallons per day, this probability would have fallen to 4 percent.
If a long reconstructed historical streamflow record is available to a water supply agency, then the agency will have the capability to undertake its own risk analyses. It can carry out comparisons of alternative operating policies by using techniques such as GRAM. It can also evaluate short-term risk of different plans of operation during crisis situations by using position analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78452","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1978, Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-452, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78452.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax County, Prince William County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b447c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8795,"text":"ofr78561 - 1978 - Radium and uranium data for mineral springs in eight Western States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr78561","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-561","title":"Radium and uranium data for mineral springs in eight Western States","docAbstract":"Data for 116 mineral springs in eight Western States show a wide range of values. Specific conductance, temperature, and pH were measured at the sites between 1975 and 1977, and samples for radium and uranium analysis were collected. Correlation and regression analyses among the five measured parameters indicate that a positive correlation exists between radium and specific conductance and that negative correlations exist between radium and pH, specific conductance and pH, and uranium and temperature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78561","usgsCitation":"Felmlee, J., and Cadigan, R.A., 1978, Radium and uranium data for mineral springs in eight Western States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-561, [2], 45 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (48 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78561.","productDescription":"[2], 45 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (48 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0561/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0561/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felmlee, J. Karen","contributorId":90311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felmlee","given":"J. Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadigan, Robert Allen","contributorId":27051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28520,"text":"wri7888 - 1978 - Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T14:53:01","indexId":"wri7888","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-88","title":"Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer","docAbstract":"This report describes the log analysis of the Randolph and Sabial core holes in the Edwards aquifer in Texas, with particular attention to the principles that can be applied generally to any carbonate system. The geologic and hydrologic data were obtained during the drilling of the two holes, from extensive laboratory analysis of the cores, and from numerous geophysical logs run in the two holes. Some logging methods are inherently superiors to others for the analysis of limestone and dolomite aquifers. Three such systems are the dentistry, neutron, and acoustic-velocity (sonic) logs. Most of the log analysis described here is based on the interpretation of suites of logs from these three systems. In certain instances, deeply focused resistivity logs can be used to good advantage in carbonate rock studies; this technique is used to computer the water resistivity in the Randolph core hole. The rocks penetrated by the Randolph core hole are typical of those carbonates that have undergone very little solution by recent ground-water circulation. There are few large solutional openings; the water is saline; and the rocks are dark, dolomitic, have pore space that is interparticle or intercrystalline, and contain unoxidized organic material. The total porosity of rocks in the saline zone is higher than that of rocks in the fresh-water aquifer; however, the intrinsic permeability is much less in the saline zone because there are fewer large solutional openings. The Sabinal core hole penetrates a carbonate environment that has experienced much solution by ground water during recent geologic time. The rocks have high secondary porosities controlled by sedimentary structures within the rock; the water is fresh; and the dominant rock composition is limestone. The relative percentages of limestone and dolomite, the average matrix (grain) densities of the rock mixtures , and the porosity of the rock mass can be calculated from density, neutron, and acoustic logs. With supporting data from resistivity logs, the formation water quality can be estimated, as well as the relative cementation or tortuosity of the rock. Many of these properties calculated from logs can be verified by analysis of the core available from test holes drilled in the saline and fresh water zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7888","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1978, Interpretation of well logs in a carbonate aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-88, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7888.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279493,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0088/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.6005,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,29.9056 ], [ -97.329,28.7851 ], [ -100.6005,28.7851 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c0e4b07f02db53bb94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55221,"text":"wdrIA771 - 1978 - Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T11:54:35","indexId":"wdrIA771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IA-77-1","title":"Water resources data for Iowa, water year 1977","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by personnel of the Iowa district of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the supervision of S. W. Wiitala, District Chief, and Alfred Clebsch, Jr., Regional Hydrologist, Central Region. It was done in cooperation with the State of Iowa and with other agencies. This report is one of a series issued by Iowa. General direction for the series is by J. S. Cragwall, Jr., Chief Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey, and G. W. Whetstone, Assistant Chief Hydrologist for Scientific Publications and Data Management. .
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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-692","title":"Update and revision of brachiopod collections of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations (Permian) of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The numerous collections amassed by the U.S. Geological Survey's study of the Western Phosphate Field have been examined. Many collections already have been discarded; and only those still housed at the Smithsonian are dealt with in this paper. Future studies of the biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks will be based on this data. Sections and samples are those presented by Yochelson (1968). In this paper, the brachiopods of each sample are listed. New and undescribed forms (in quotations) are presented as the closest allied and described taxon. Lingula and Orbiculoidea are not listed.
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Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T23:26:23.801765","indexId":"wdrCO773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-77-3","title":"Water resources data for Colorado, water year 1977: Volume 3. Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River basin","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1977 water year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1, 2, and 3) contains discharge records for 424 gaging stations, stage and contents of 25 lakes and reservoirs, 5 partial-record flow stations, 79 crest-stage partial-record stations, and 193 miscellaneous sites; water quality for 134 gaging stations and 60 miscellaneous sites; and water levels for 55 observation wells. A few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J. F. Blakey, district chief. These data represent. that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Colorado.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9563,"text":"ofr78105B - 1978 - Audio-magnetotelluric data log for Cedarville, California, 15-minute Quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T15:21:19","indexId":"ofr78105B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-105","chapter":"B","title":"Audio-magnetotelluric data log for Cedarville, California, 15-minute Quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78105B","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D.B., Gardner, S., and Williams, J.M., 1978, Audio-magnetotelluric data log for Cedarville, California, 15-minute Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-105, 7 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78105B.","productDescription":"7 p. 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Zones of potential faulting intersect regions of intense urban development. The degree of risk and the potential economic consequences from possible surface faulting cannot be assessed adequately without additional data and analysis of the relation between surface faulting and ground-water withdrawal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7879","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1978, Documentation of potential for surface faulting related to ground-water withdrawal in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-79, i, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7879.","productDescription":"i, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287782,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0079/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.413008,35.917781 ], [ -115.413008,36.336407 ], [ -114.876372,36.336407 ], [ -114.876372,35.917781 ], [ -115.413008,35.917781 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63618b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14942,"text":"ofr781077D - 1978 - Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Mill Creek Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:47","indexId":"ofr781077D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1077","chapter":"D","title":"Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Mill Creek Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses for 64 elements on 62 stream sediment and 71 rock samples from Mill Creek Wilderness Study area, Giles County, Virginia, are reported here in detail. Locations for all samples are given in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. Brief descriptions of rock samples are also included. Rocks analysed are mostly sandstone. Samples of hematitic sandstone of the Rose Hill Formation and limonite-cemented sandstone of the Rocky Gap Sandstone contain high values of iron; these rocks are submarginal iron resources. Some of the same iron-rich samples have a little more barium, copper, cobalt, lead, silver, and/or zinc then is in average sandstone, but they do not suggest the presence of economic deposits of these metals. No other obviously anomalous values related to mineralized rock are present in the data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781077D","usgsCitation":"Mei, L., and Lesure, F.G., 1978, Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Mill Creek Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1077, 18 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781077D.","productDescription":"18 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mei, Leung","contributorId":40204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mei","given":"Leung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesure, Frank Gardner","contributorId":70752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Gardner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11843,"text":"ofr781077B - 1978 - Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr781077B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1077","chapter":"B","title":"Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses for 64 elements on 95 stream sediment and 122 rock samples from Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Giles and Craig Counties, Virginia and Monroe County, West Virginia, are reported here in detail. Locations for all samples are in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. Brief descriptions of rock samples are also included. Rocks analysed are mostly sandstone. Samples of hematitic sandstone of the Rose Hill Formation and limonite-cemented sandstone of the Rocky Gap Sandstone contain high values of iron; these rocks are submarginal iron resources. Some of these iron-rich samples have a little more barium, copper, cobalt, lead, silver, and/or zinc than in average sandstone, but they do not suggest the presence of economic deposits of these metals. A few samples of Tuscarora Quartzite contain moderate amounts of manganese. These are from a submarginal manganese resource. No other obviously anomalous-values related to mineralized rock are present in the data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781077B","usgsCitation":"Mei, L., Fletcher, J., Rait, N., and Lesure, F., 1978, Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1077, 25 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781077B.","productDescription":"25 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mei, Leung","contributorId":40204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mei","given":"Leung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lesure, F. G.","contributorId":7694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"F. G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":163861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9462,"text":"ofr78853 - 1978 - Hydrogeologic data for the Bear Creek subsurface-injection test site, St. Petersburg, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr78853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-853","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the Bear Creek subsurface-injection test site, St. Petersburg, Florida","docAbstract":"Lithologic, hydraulic, geophysical, and water-quality data were collected at the Bear Creek subsurface-injection test site at St. Petersburg, FL. The data were collected to determine the feasibility of subsurface injection of storm runoff. An exploratory hole and five observation wells were constructed between October 1974 and April 1976. The lithology of the upper 185 feet at the test site is predominantly sand and marl. From 185 feet to 3,504 feet, limestone and dolomite predominate. Also , gypsum is present below 1.290 feet. Vertical intrinsic permeability, porosity, and compressibility of cores are reported. A 73-hour withdrawal test discharging 3,450 gallons per minute was run in the test injection well. At the site, chloride concentration in water from 192 to 340 feet, ranged from 150 to 680 milligrams per liter, and from 500 to 1,267 feet ranged from 16,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter. Eleven additional wells near the test site were sampled for water quality. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78853","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.J., 1978, Hydrogeologic data for the Bear Creek subsurface-injection test site, St. Petersburg, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-853, v, 67 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78853.","productDescription":"v, 67 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0853/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0853/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John J.","contributorId":39763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55112,"text":"wdrWY772 - 1978 - Water resources data for Wyoming, water year 1977; Volume 2. Green River basin; Bear River basin; Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T20:03:39.915017","indexId":"wdrWY772","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WY-77-2","title":"Water resources data for Wyoming, water year 1977; Volume 2. Green River basin; Bear River basin; Snake River basin","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Wyoming consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of wells. This report, in two volumes, contains discharge records for 214 gaging stations; stage only records for 1 lake; stage and contents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 117 gaging stations, 41 ungaged stations, 2 lakes and reservoirs, and 247 wells and springs; and water levels for 45 observation wells. Also included are 101 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Wyoming.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWY772","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wyoming and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Wyoming, water year 1977; Volume 2. Green River basin; Bear River basin; Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WY-77-2, vii, 484 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWY772.","productDescription":"vii, 484 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/wy-77-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/wy-77-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bear River basin; Green River basin; Snake River 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60216,"text":"mf878E - 1978 - Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution and abundance of zinc in stream sediments in the Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T20:07:36.894933","indexId":"mf878E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","chapter":"E","title":"Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution and abundance of zinc in stream sediments in the Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"This geochemical map shows the distribution and abundance of zinc in -80 mesh (177 micrometers) stream sediment samples in the Chandalar quadrangle, Alaska. The map is a part of a series of geochemical maps that together with the background information circular (Reiser and others, 1978) comprise the folio on the Chandalar quadrangle, Alaska. The data are plotted on a subdued base map showing the generalized geology, topography, and sample localities. Map symbols show the metal values that are considered anomalous; these symbols are defined on the accompanying histograms. An explanation of sampling, preparation, analytical procedures and the geochemical raw data for all samples are presented by O'Leary and others (1976). The -80 mesh (177 micrometers) stream sediment medium was used in this study because of the regional setting in the north-central Brooks Range. Given the rather restrictive time and manpower constraints the -80 mesh (177 micrometers) stream sediment combined with panned concentrates was determined to be the most economical and adequate medium in this case where clastic sediments are being derived from local bedrock.
The study area is generally one of high relief with short fast-moving streams and broad glacial valleys. All samples were taken from active streams, as close to the center channel as possible. All sediments were considered to be locally derived. Care was taken, when sampling an obviously glaciated terrane, to sample above or upstream from morainal material, wherever possible. Most samples were taken in areas where bedrock was within 30 m of the sample site.
Due to poor sensitivity for zinc by spectrographic analysis (200 ppm) all zinc analyses were done by atomic absorption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf878E","usgsCitation":"Marsh, S., Detra, D., and Smith, S., 1978, Geochemical and generalized geologic map showing distribution and abundance of zinc in stream sediments in the Chandalar Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 878, 1 Plate: 46.03 x 26.23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf878E.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.03 x 26.23 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0878-E/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":417266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0878-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandalar Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,67 ], [ -150,68 ], [ -147,68 ], [ -147,67 ], [ -150,67 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsh, S.P.","contributorId":32913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.C.","contributorId":16833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9547,"text":"ofr78368 - 1978 - Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T22:44:38.054259","indexId":"ofr78368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-368","title":"Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","docAbstract":"A total of 88 unreversed sonobuoy refraction lines were shot over the continental shelf and slope near Kodiak, Alaska, in 1976 and 1977. Useful results were obtained from 59 of these attempts. The field measurements were carried out aboard the USGS research vessel SAMUEL P. LEE. The refraction lines were concentrated in three major areas: (1) the outer continental shelf from Portlock Bank to Chirikof Island; (2) Shelikof Strait; and (3) the continental slope between Kodiak Seamount and Portlock Bank.
Sound sources used during the refraction survey included 1326 and 2501 cubic inch air gun arrays, and a 160 kilojoule arcer. Most of the sonobuoys employed were U. S. Navy SSQ-41A and SSQ-41B models; a few commercial buoys (Refraction Technology and Fairfield Industries) were also used. Line lengths ranged from 5 to 30 km, and maximum subbottom penegration was 5.1 km.
The field data were recorded on magnetic tape as well as a conventional facsimile recorder. Data reduction was accomplished using the slope-intercept method with the assumption of plane layers. A computer program was used to calculate interval velocities, thicknesses, reflection times, and critical distances for each of the refracting layers; the program also generated a travel time plot showing refracted arrivals as well as wide angle reflections associated with each of the interfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78368","usgsCitation":"Holmes, M.L., Meeder, C.A., and Creager, K.C., 1978, Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-368, i, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78368.","productDescription":"i, 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.79815238959543\n ],\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.777530805618085\n ],\n [\n -152.37105910809015,\n 57.777530805618085\n ],\n [\n -152.37105910809015,\n 57.79815238959543\n ],\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.79815238959543\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Mark L.","contributorId":17229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeder, Charles A.","contributorId":19950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeder","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creager, Kenneth Clark","contributorId":61037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9534,"text":"ofr78735 - 1978 - Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T00:03:28.868604","indexId":"ofr78735","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-735","title":"Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977","docAbstract":"The Merced River originates on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and flows through Yosemite National Park. The river drains 1,276 square miles before joining the San Joaquin River near Stevinson, Calif. Data were collected to permit descriptions of the river's quality during a hydrologic cycle, the natural and manmade factors in the basin that affect the quality, and the trends that might be used in developing procedures to reduce degradation in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78735","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., 1978, Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-735, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78735.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Merced River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9464,"text":"ofr78575 - 1978 - Hydrogeologic data for the South Cross Bayou test injection site, Pinellas County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr78575","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-575","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the South Cross Bayou test injection site, Pinellas County, Florida","docAbstract":"One exploratory hole, a test injection well, and nine monitor wells were constructed at the South Cross Bayou test-injection site between January 1973 and October 1975. At the test site, the first 125 feet below land surface is predominantly limestone and clay; from 125 to 3,280 feet it is mostly limestone and dolomite. Gypsum is also present below 1,260 feet. Wells within about a 1-mi radius of the test injection site were sampled and analyzed to provide water-quality background data prior to anticipated long-term injection at the test site. Locations of the wells sampled are shown, reported construction data are given, and the chemical analyses of water from these wells are tabulated. Chloride concentration of water from the wells near the test site ranged between 9.8 to 290 mg/L. Reported depth of these wells ranged from 25 to 302 ft. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78575","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.J., 1978, Hydrogeologic data for the South Cross Bayou test injection site, Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-575, v, 61 p., 3 sheets, :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78575.","productDescription":"v, 61 p., 3 sheets, :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0575/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0575/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John J.","contributorId":39763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57592,"text":"wdrFL774 - 1978 - Water resources data for Florida, water year 1977, Volume 4: Northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-05T13:37:58.647012","indexId":"wdrFL774","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-77-4","title":"Water resources data for Florida, water year 1977, Volume 4: Northwest Florida","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1977 water year in Florida consists of discharge records for 84 streams, stage only records for 223 streams, elevations for 228 lakes, water level measurements for 828 wells, and crest-stage partial records for 66 streams. Water quality data for approximately 605 streams and 932 wells are included.
The data in this report for Northwest Florida includes discharge records for 61 streams, stage only records for 46 streams, elevations for 27 lakes, water level measurements for 131 wells, crest-stage partial records for 29 streams, water quality data for 35 streams and 151 wells.
These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL774","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Florida, water year 1977, Volume 4: Northwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report FL-77-4, xvii, 573 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrFL774.","productDescription":"xvii, 573 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/fl-77-4/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":427478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/fl-77-4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"northwest Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.67717914932553,\n 30.979584328905446\n ],\n [\n -87.67717914932553,\n 29.297395194433577\n ],\n [\n -82.4608290602849,\n 29.297395194433577\n ],\n [\n -82.4608290602849,\n 30.979584328905446\n ],\n [\n -87.67717914932553,\n 30.979584328905446\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd08c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19629,"text":"ofr77732 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T20:01:27.763994","indexId":"ofr77732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-732","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1976, 1,673 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1976, data collection in ten of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in the remaining two. These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1976, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77732","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-732, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77732.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9570,"text":"ofr78106B - 1978 - Telluric profile location map and telluric data for the Saline Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-21T17:29:28.763659","indexId":"ofr78106B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-106","chapter":"B","title":"Telluric profile location map and telluric data for the Saline Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78106B","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D.B., Fisher, D., and Radtke, B., 1978, Telluric profile location map and telluric data for the Saline Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-106, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78106B.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0106-b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0106-b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Saline Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.9421706628629,\n 36.8568185443625\n ],\n [\n -117.9421706628629,\n 36.665407446360106\n ],\n [\n -117.6900042021328,\n 36.665407446360106\n ],\n [\n -117.6900042021328,\n 36.8568185443625\n ],\n [\n -117.9421706628629,\n 36.8568185443625\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68583d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, Donald B.","contributorId":89877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, D.L.","contributorId":40600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radtke, Bruce","contributorId":77149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":68517,"text":"ha590 - 1978 - Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Tallahala Creek at Waldrup, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T14:27:33","indexId":"ha590","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"590","title":"Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Tallahala Creek at Waldrup, Mississippi","docAbstract":"New techniques for predicting water-surface profiles, needed in the design of economical, structurally sound, and environmentally compatible stream crossings, are under investigation. The investigation has accelerated with the advent of digital computers capable of analyzing large quantities of data. Among the techniques is the development of two-dimensional (2-D) digital models. Field data are essential for development and evaluation of these techniques for predicting water-surface profiles. This atlas is the first of a series that will provide a wide range of field data.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f176f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26721,"text":"wri77123 - 1978 - Fluvial sediment study of Fishtrap and Dewey Lakes drainage basins, Kentucky-Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:40:11.942634","indexId":"wri77123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-123","title":"Fluvial sediment study of Fishtrap and Dewey Lakes drainage basins, Kentucky-Virginia","docAbstract":"Fourteen drainage basins above Fishtrap and Dewey Lakes in the Levisa Fork and Johns Creek drainage basins of eastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia were studied to determine sedimentation rates and origin of sediment entering the two lakes. The basins ranged in size from 1.68 to 297 square miles. Sediment yields ranged from 2,890 to 21,000 tons per square mile where surface-mining techniques predominated, and from 732 to 3 ,470 tons per square mile where underground mining methods predominated. Yields, in terms of tons per acre-foot of runoff, ranged from 2.2 to 15 for surface-mined areas, and from 0.5 to 2.7 for underground-mined areas. Water and sediment discharges from direct runoff during storms were compared for selected surface-mined and underground-mined areas. Data points of two extensively surface-mined areas, one from the current project and one from a previous project in Beaver Creek basin, McCreary County, Kentucky, grouped similarly in magnitude and by season. Disturbed areas from mining activities determined from aerial photographs reached 17 percent in one study area where extensive surface mining was being practiced. For most areas where underground mining was practiced, percentage disturbed area was almost negligible. Trap efficiency of Fishtrap Lake was 89 percent, and was 62 percent for Dewey Lake. Average annual deposition rates were 464 and 146 acre-feet for Fishtrap and Dewey Lakes, respectively. The chemical quality of water in the Levisa Fork basin has been altered by man 's activities.
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