To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain gages, nested hillslope overland-flow sensors and soil-moisture probes, as well as a time series of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) revealed the effects of the storm. Hillslope overland-flow response, along two ~10-m long flow lines perpendicular to and originating from a drainage divide, displayed only a 10 to 20 minute delay from the onset of rainfall with accumulated totals of merely 5-10 mm. Depth-stratified soil-moisture probes displayed a greater time delay, roughly 20- 30 minutes, indicating that initial overland flow was Hortonian. Furthermore, a downstream channel-monitoring array recorded a pronounced discharge peak generated by the passage of a debris flow after 18 minutes of rainfall. At this time, only four of the eleven hillslope overland flow sensors confirmed the presence of surface-water flow. Repeat TLS and detailed field mapping using GPS document how patterns of rainsplash, overland-flow scour, and rilling contributed to the generation of metter-scale debris flows. In response to a single small storm, the debris flows deposited irregular levees and lobate terminal snouts on hillslopes and caused wide- spread erosion of the valley axis with ground surface lowering exceeding 1.5 m.
","conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Sapienza Università di Roma","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-064","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., Hanshaw, M.N., Howle, J., Kean, J., Staley, D.M., Stock, J., and Bawdeng, W., 2011, Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-firedebris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A: Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, p. 583-593, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-064.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"593","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 34.116352469972746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. 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W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stock, J. D. 0000-0001-8565-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":79998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"J. 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It has been hypothesized that the loss and degradation of staging habitats has resulted in reduced female body condition on the breeding grounds and a concomitant decline in productivity. We explored the importance of body (endogenous) reserves obtained prior to arrival on the breeding ground in egg protein formation in southwestern Montana during 2006–2008 using stable-carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of scaup egg components, female tissue, and local prey items. From arrival on the breeding grounds through the egg-laying period, δ15N values of scaup red blood cells decreased while δ13C values became less variable; a pattern consistent with endogenous tissues equilibrating with local (freshwater) dietary sources. In 2006 and 2008, isotopic values for egg albumen and yolk protein indicated that most (>90%) protein used to produce these components was obtained on the breeding grounds. However, in 2007, a year with an exceptionally warm and dry spring, endogenous reserves contributed on average 41% of yolk and 29% of albumen. Results from this study suggest that female scaup can meet the protein needs of egg production largely from local dietary food sources. This highlights the importance of providing high-quality breeding habitats for scaup. Whether this pattern holds in areas with similar breeding season lengths but longer migration routes, such as those found in the western boreal forest, should be investigated.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05406.x","usgsCitation":"Cutting, K.A., Hobson, K., Rotella, J.J., Warren, J.M., Wainwright-de la Cruz, S.E., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2011, Endogenous contributions to egg protein formation in lesser scaup Aythya affinis: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 505-513, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05406.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-025525","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge ","volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419512fe4b091c7ffc8e674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cutting, Kyle A.","contributorId":44479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutting","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobson, Keith A.","contributorId":47306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotella, Jay J.","contributorId":37271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotella","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wainwright-de la Cruz, Susan E.","contributorId":60560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wainwright-de la Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041282,"text":"70041282 - 2011 - An empirical method to forecast the effect of storm intensity on shallow landslide abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T15:36:18.959576","indexId":"70041282","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T09:44:33","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2122,"text":"Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical method to forecast the effect of storm intensity on shallow landslide abundance","docAbstract":"We hypothesize that the number of shallow landslides a storm triggers in a landscape increases with rainfall intensity, duration and the number of unstable model cells for a given shallow landslide susceptibility model of that landscape. For selected areas in California, USA, we use digital maps of historic shallow landslides with adjacent rainfall records to construct a relation between rainfall intensity and the fraction of unstable model cells that actually failed in historic storms. We find that this fraction increases as a power law with the 6-hour rainfall intensity for sites in southern California. We use this relation to forecast shallow landslide abundance for a dynamic numerical simulation storm for California, representing the most extreme historic storms known to have impacted the state.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-8565-3577 jstock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-3577","contributorId":3648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan","email":"jstock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellugi, Dino","contributorId":148040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006070,"text":"70006070 - 2011 - Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:20:19","indexId":"70006070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Chlororespiration is common in shallow aquifer systems under conditions nominally identified as anoxic. Consequently, chlororespiration is a key component of remediation at many chloroethene-contaminated sites. In some instances, limited accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is interpreted as evidence that natural attenuation is not adequate for site remediation. This conclusion is justified when evidence for parent compound (tetrachloroethene, PCE, or trichloroethene, TCE) degradation is lacking. For many chloroethene-contaminated shallow aquifer systems, however, nonconservative losses of the parent compounds are clear but the mass balance between parent compound attenuation and accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is incomplete. Incomplete mass balance indicates a failure to account for important contaminant attenuation mechanisms and is consistent with contaminant degradation to nondiagnostic mineralization products like CO2. While anoxic mineralization of chloroethene compounds has been proposed previously, recent results suggest that oxygen-based mineralization of chloroethenes also can be significant at dissolved oxygen concentrations below the currently accepted field standard for nominally anoxic conditions. Thus, reassessment of the role and potential importance of low concentrations of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation are needed, because mischaracterization of operant biodegradation processes can lead to expensive and ineffective remedial actions. A modified interpretive framework is provided for assessing the potential for chloroethene biodegradation under different redox conditions and the probable role of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2011, Reinterpreting the importance of oxygen-based biodegradation in chloroethene-contaminated groundwater: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 50-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006108,"text":"fs20113148 - 2011 - USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113148","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3148","title":"USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","docAbstract":"Extreme storms, sea-level rise, and the health of marine communities are some of the major societal and environmental issues impacting our Nation's marine and coastal realm. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in St. Petersburg, Fla., investigates processes related to these ecosystems and the societal implications of natural hazards and resource sustainability. As one of three centers nationwide conducting research within the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the center is integral towards developing an understanding of physical processes that will contribute to rational decisions regarding the use and stewardship of national coastal and marine environments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113148","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3148, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113148.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3148.jpg"},{"id":110959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"St. Petersburg","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c7e4b07f02db4aaa52"} ,{"id":70189371,"text":"70189371 - 2011 - Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:43:21","indexId":"70189371","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study","docAbstract":"The new IPhreeqc module provides an application programming interface (API) to facilitate coupling of other codes with the U.S. Geological Survey geochemical model PHREEQC. Traditionally, loose coupling of PHREEQC with other applications required methods to create PHREEQC input files, start external PHREEQC processes, and process PHREEQC output files. IPhreeqc eliminates most of this effort by providing direct access to PHREEQC capabilities through a component object model (COM), a library, or a dynamically linked library (DLL). Input and calculations can be specified through internally programmed strings, and all data exchange between an application and the module can occur in computer memory.
This study compares simulations programmed in C++ and Python that are tightly coupled with IPhreeqc modules to the traditional simulations that are loosely coupled to PHREEQC. The study compares performance, quantifies effort, and evaluates lines of code and the complexity of the design. The comparisons show that IPhreeqc offers a more powerful and simpler approach for incorporating PHREEQC calculations into transport models and other applications that need to perform PHREEQC calculations. The IPhreeqc module facilitates the design of coupled applications and significantly reduces run times. Even a moderate knowledge of one of the supported programming languages allows more efficient use of PHREEQC than the traditional loosely coupled approach.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling ","conferenceDate":"June 5-8, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Charlton, S.R., Parkhurst, D.L., and Muller, M., 2011, Programming PHREEQC calculations with C++ and Python a comparative study, in Proceedings for MODFLOW and More 2011: Integrated Hydrologic Modeling , Golden, Colorado, June 5-8, 2011, p. 632-636.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"632","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-029725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343618,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/muller_parkhurst_etal_2011.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673544e4b0d1f9f05dd7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, Mike","contributorId":194513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006112,"text":"pp1785 - 2011 - Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"pp1785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1785","title":"Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"Groundwater is an important resource for agricultural and municipal uses in the Mississippi embayment. Arkansas ranks first in the Nation for rice and third for cotton production, with both crops dependent on groundwater as a major source of irrigation requirements. Multiple municipalities rely on the groundwater resources to provide water for industrial and public use, which includes the city of Memphis, Tennessee. The demand for the groundwater resource has resulted in groundwater availability issues in the Mississippi embayment including: (1) declining groundwater levels of 50 feet or more in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in parts of eastern Arkansas from agricultural pumping, (2) declining groundwater levels of over 360 feet over the last 90 years in the confined middle Claiborne aquifer in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana from municipal pumping, and (3) litigation between the State of Mississippi and a Memphis water utility over water rights in the middle Claiborne aquifer. To provide information to stakeholders addressing the groundwater-availability issues, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program supported a detailed assessment of groundwater availability through the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS). This assessment included (1) an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time through the use of groundwater budgets, (2) development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends, and (3) application of statistical tools to evaluate the importance of individual observations within a groundwater-monitoring network. An estimated 12 million acre-feet per year (11 billion gallons per day) of groundwater was pumped in 2005 from aquifers in the Mississippi embayment. Irrigation constitutes the largest groundwater use, accounting for approximately 10 million acre-feet per year (9 billion gallons per day) in 2000 from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri, and to a lesser extent in Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Predevelopment groundwater flow is represented in the MERAS model as a steady-state stress period, assumed to be prior to 1870. The simulated groundwater-flow budget indicates the largest predevelopment inflow to the system is net recharge to the alluvial aquifer. This inflow is balanced by outflow to gaining streams. Overall, water enters as net recharge to the alluvial aquifer or through outcrop areas of the various hydrogeologic units. Away from the outcrop areas, groundwater flow in the deeper formations is primarily upward into overlying units, ultimately discharging to streams through the alluvial aquifer. Total net recharge and discharge (sum of inflows or outflows) for the model ranged from about 0.66 million acre-feet per year during predevelopment to 20.16 million acre-feet per year by the end of the simulation (final simulated irrigation period in summer of 2006). This change in the model budget reflects increases in withdrawals compared to predevelopment conditions. Cumulative storage within aquifers simulated in the MERAS model indicates overall depletion of 140 million acre-feet (equivalent to 2.8 feet of water covering the entire study area). Postdevelopment inflow to the system is still through net recharge to the alluvial aquifer and the outcrop areas of the several hydrogeologic units, however, the flow between each unit is no longer upward to the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater flow during the summer of 2006 was primarily downward to offset demand from pumping. Early in the model simulation (1870-1920s), the primary components of the water budget were simulated as outflow from stream leakage and inflow from net recharge. As pumpage increased through time, water that would otherwise flow to streams reversed, and net stream leakage became an inflow to the system. The largest reversals began in the mid-1980s, but indications of the reversal began in the early 1960s with a trend in loss of streamflow leakage coupled with the first consistent inflow from storage. While groundwater pumped out of the alluvial aquifer was derived primarily from storage, pumpage out of the middle Claiborne aquifer was derived primarily from other aquifers (up to 15 percent from the alluvial aquifer), followed by flow from storage and net recharge. The potential consequences of climate change have been identified as a major concern facing the sustainability of the Nation's groundwater resources. To address this concern, two climate simulations were developed through the use of the MERAS model by extending the simulation period by 30 years to the year 2038 using extrapolated precipitation based on frequency analysis of historic climate cycles. There is little difference between the dry and wet scenarios in terms of percent water-level change. Both scenarios resulted in 14.6 to 13.9 percent of the area containing more than 100 feet of decline, 14.5 to 13.8 percent containing between 75 and 100 feet of decline, and 15.8 to 15.7 percent containing 51 to 75 feet of decline in the alluvial aquifer. The middle Claiborne aquifer water-level changes also were similar between the two scenarios. These scenarios indicate that even with a 25-percent increase in precipitation from that of the dry scenario, there is little difference in the resultant water levels. This is in large part because of the magnitude of differences between changes in net recharge and changes in pumping. When compared to the volume of water pumped out of the system, the effect of this change in net recharge is negligible. The groundwater-level monitoring network used to construct the 2007 middle Claiborne aquifer potentiometric surface was used as an example case to demonstrate statistical technique and to evaluate the importance of individual groundwater-level observations. To calculate the importance of each water-level observation to a prediction, predictions were specified as water-level altitudes near the end of the dry scenario simulation. These predictions were located near the center of cones of depression. Many of the observations that have a high importance are in close proximity to stressed areas of the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1785","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Hart, R.M., and Gurdak, J., 2011, Groundwater availability of the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1785, viii, 48 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1785.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1785.jpg"},{"id":110966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1785/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4776e4b07f02db47e3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006120,"text":"sir20115183 - 2011 - Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5183","title":"Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer, underlying almost 112 million acres in the central United States, is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation. It is the primary water supply for drinking water, irrigation, animal production, and industry in the region. Expansion of irrigated agriculture throughout the past 60 years has helped make the High Plains one of the most productive agricultural regions in the Nation. Extensive withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation have caused water-level declines in many parts of the aquifer and increased concerns about the long-term sustainability of the aquifer. Quantification of water-budget components is a prerequisite for effective water-resources management. Components analyzed as part of this study were precipitation, evapotranspiration, recharge, surface runoff, groundwater discharge to streams, groundwater fluxes to and from adjacent geologic units, irrigation, and groundwater in storage. These components were assessed for 1940 through 1949 (representing conditions prior to substantial groundwater development and referred to as \"pregroundwater development\" throughout this report) and 2000 through 2009. Because no single method can perfectly quantify the magnitude of any part of a water budget at a regional scale, results from several methods and previously published work were compiled and compared for this study when feasible. Results varied among the several methods applied, as indicated by the range of average annual volumes given for each component listed in the following paragraphs. Precipitation was derived from three sources: the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, data developed using Next Generation Weather Radar and measured precipitation from weather stations by the Office of Hydrologic Development at the National Weather Service for the Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, and precipitation measured at weather stations and spatially distributed using an inverse-distance-weighted interpolation method. Precipitation estimates using these sources, as a 10-year average annual total volume for the High Plains, ranged from 192 to 199 million acre-feet (acre-ft) for 1940 through 1949 and from 185 to 199 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Evapotranspiration was obtained from three sources: the National Weather Service Sacramento-Soil Moisture Accounting model, the Simplified-Surface-Energy-Balance model using remotely sensed data, and the Soil-Water-Balance model. Average annual total evapotranspiration estimated using these sources was 148 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 154 to 193 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. The maximum amount of shallow groundwater lost to evapotranspiration was approximated for areas where the water table was within 5 feet of land surface. The average annual total volume of evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater was 9.0 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and ranged from 9.6 to 12.6 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Recharge was estimated using two soil-water-balance models as well as previously published studies for various locations across the High Plains region. Average annual total recharge ranged from 8.3 to 13.2 million acre-ft for 1940 through 1949 and from 15.9 to 35.0 million acre-ft for 2000 through 2009. Surface runoff and groundwater discharge to streams were determined using discharge records from streamflow-gaging stations near the edges of the High Plains and the Base-Flow Index program. For 1940 through 1949, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains was 1.9 million acre-ft, and the net loss from the High Plains aquifer by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.1 million acre-ft. For 2000 through 2009, the average annual net surface runoff leaving the High Plains region was 1.3 million acre-ft and the net loss by groundwater discharge to streams was 3.9 million acre-ft. For 2000 through 2009, the average annual total estimated groundwater pumpage volume from two soil-water-balance models ranged from 8.7 to 16.2 million acre-ft. Average annual irrigation application rates for the High Plains ranged from 8.4 to 16.2 inches per year. The USGS Water-Use Program published estimated total annual pumpage from the High Plains aquifer for 2000 and 2005. Those volumes were greater than those estimated from the two soil-water-balance models. Total groundwater in storage in the High Plains aquifer was estimated as 3,173 million acre-ft prior to groundwater development and 2,907 million acre-ft in 2007. The average annual decrease of groundwater in storage between 2000 and 2007 was 10 million acre-ft per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115183","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Qi, S.L., Ryter, D.W., Falk, S.E., Houston, N.A., Peterson, S.M., Westenbroek, S.M., and Christenson, S.C., 2011, Selected approaches to estimate water-budget components of the High Plains, 1940 through 1949 and 2000 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5183, viii, 68 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115183.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science 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jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70006113,"text":"fs20113115 - 2011 - A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"fs20113115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3115","title":"A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"What is the Mississippi Embayment? The Mississippi embayment study area encompasses approximately 78,000 square miles in eight States and includes large parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, and smaller areas of Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri (fig. 1). The Mississippi embayment is essentially a basin that slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico and is filled with sediments of alternating sand, silt, and clay layers. There are two principal aquifers in the embayment-the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer) and the middle Claiborne aquifer (fig. 1). The shallow alluvial aquifer is the primary source of groundwater for irrigation in the largely agricultural region, while the deeper middle Claiborne aquifer is a primary source of drinking water for many of the 5.2 million people living in the embayment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability for the Nation. Studies comprise individual assessments of regional groundwater-flow systems that encompass varied terrains and document a comprehensive regional and national perspective of groundwater resources. Collectively, these studies are the foundation for the national assessment of groundwater availability and are conducted in cooperation with other Federal, State, local governments, and the private sector. Numerical groundwater-flow models are used in these studies to document effects of human activities and climate variability on groundwater levels, changes in aquifer storage, and flow between groundwater and surface-water bodies. As part of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS), a numerical model was constructed of 13 layers over 78,000 square miles representing multiple aquifers and confining units for the period of 1870 to 2007. The model is a tool that was used to assess and better understand groundwater resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113115","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., and Freiwald, D.A., 2011, A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3115, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113115.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3115.jpg"},{"id":110967,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b9e4b0c8380cd4689a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006101,"text":"sir20115165 - 2011 - Hydraulic characteristics of low-impact development practices in northeastern Ohio, 2008–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20115165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5165","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of low-impact development practices in northeastern Ohio, 2008–2010","docAbstract":"Low-impact development (LID) is an approach to managing stormwater as near to its source as possible; this is accomplished by minimizing impervious surfaces and promoting more natural infiltration and evapotranspiration than is typically associated with developed areas. Two newly constructed LID sites in northeastern Ohio were studied to document their hydraulic characteristics. A roadside best-management practice (BMP) was constructed by replacing about 1,400 linear feet of existing ditches with a bioswale/rain garden BMP consisting of a grassed swale interspersed with rain-garden/overflow structures. The site was monitored in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Although some overflows occurred, numerous precipitation events exceeding the 0.75-inch design storm did not result in overflows. A second study site consists of an 8,200-square-foot parking lot made of a pervious pavers and a rain garden that receives runoff from the roof of a nearby commercial building. A comparison of data from 2009 and 2010 indicates that the median runoff volume in 2010 decreased relative to 2009. The centroid lag times (time difference between centroid of precipitation and centroid of flow) decreased in 2010, most likely due to more intense, shorter duration precipitation events and maturation of the rain garden. Additional data could help quantify the relation between meteorological variables and BMP efficiency.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115165","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Chagrin River Watershed Partners","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., and Dumouchelle, D.H., 2011, Hydraulic characteristics of low-impact development practices in northeastern Ohio, 2008–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5165, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115165.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5165.gif"},{"id":110953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Chagrin River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.71666666666667,41.266666666666666 ], [ -81.71666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -80.95,41.666666666666664 ], [ -80.95,41.266666666666666 ], [ -81.71666666666667,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006115,"text":"sir20115215 - 2011 - Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20115215","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5215","title":"Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model of the Mississippi embayment was used to evaluate changes in water-level altitudes before (scenario 1) and after (scenario 2) the addition of wells that simulate potential future pumping from the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas for the 30-year period from 2007 through 2037. Water-level altitudes at six model cell locations from the two different scenarios were compared for the period 2007 through 2037. Potential future pumping wells were added to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study model at a rate of 13 wells per year within areas of potential future pumping. Change maps for the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area were constructed for each scenario and water-level hydrographs were constructed for each scenario for each of the six model cell locations. The additional pumping from wells in the Sparta aquifer created greater water-level declines in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area. In scenario 1, simulated water-level altitude declines range from 20 to 40 feet from 2007 through 2037. In scenario 2, the cone of depression in Lonoke County is the deepest, with a maximum water-level decline of approximately 102 feet. Water-level altitude declines range from 40 to 50 feet over most of the remainder of the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area in scenario 2. Simulated water-level altitudes across the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area and at all six model cell locations indicate substantial declines when additional wells pumping from the Sparta aquifer are introduced into the model from 2007 through 2037.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Westerman, D.A., and Fugitt, D.T., 2011, Simulation of the effects of groundwater withdrawals on water-level altitudes in the Sparta aquifer in the Bayou Meto-Grand Prairie area of eastern Arkansas, 2007-37: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5215, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115215.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5215.jpg"},{"id":110965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fugitt, D. Todd","contributorId":7835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003523,"text":"70003523 - 2011 - Stopover ecology of a migratory ungulate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T14:30:48","indexId":"70003523","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stopover ecology of a migratory ungulate","docAbstract":"1. Birds that migrate long distances use stopover sites to optimize fuel loads and complete migration as quickly as possible. Stopover use has been predicted to facilitate a time-minimization strategy in land migrants as well, but empirical tests have been lacking, and alternative migration strategies have not been considered. 2. We used fine-scale movement data to evaluate the ecological role of stopovers in migratory mule deer Odocoileus hemionus— a land migrant whose fitness is strongly influenced by energy intake rather than migration speed. 3. Although deer could easily complete migrations (range 18–144 km) in several days, they took an average of 3 weeks and spent 95% of that time in a series of stopover sites that had higher forage quality than movement corridors. Forage quality of stopovers increased with elevation and distance from winter range. Mule deer use of stopovers corresponded with a narrow phenological range, such that deer occupied stopovers 44 days prior to peak green-up, when forage quality was presumed to be highest. Mule deer used one stopover for every 5∙3 and 6∙7 km travelled during spring and autumn migrations, respectively, and used the same stopovers in consecutive years. 4. Study findings indicate that stopovers play a key role in the migration strategy of mule deer by allowing individuals to migrate in concert with plant phenology and maximize energy intake rather than speed. Our results suggest that stopover use may be more common among non-avian taxa than previously thought and, although the underlying migration strategies of temperate ungulates and birds are quite different, stopover use is important to both. 5. Exploring the role of stopovers in land migrants broadens the scope of stopover ecology and recognizes that the applied and theoretical benefits of stopover ecology need not be limited to avian taxa.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01845.x","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., and Kauffman, M., 2011, Stopover ecology of a migratory ungulate: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1078-1087, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01845.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1078","endPage":"1087","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"80","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b423b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":2963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005858,"text":"70005858 - 2011 - Salinity tolerance of non-native suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) in south-eastern Mexico: Implications for invasion and dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T13:23:34.787591","indexId":"70005858","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Salinity tolerance of non-native suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) in south-eastern Mexico: Implications for invasion and dispersal","title":"Salinity tolerance of non-native suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) in south-eastern Mexico: Implications for invasion and dispersal","docAbstract":"1. Salinity tolerance is one of several important physiological attributes that determine invasion success and the pattern of dispersal of introduced aquatic organisms. Introduced freshwater fishes able to tolerate elevated salinities have the potential to invade and exploit brackish-water (mixohaline) environments and use estuaries and coastal waters as 'bridges' for dispersing from one coastal river system to another.
2. Several members of the neotropical suckermouth armoured catfish genus Pterygoplichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) have established non-native populations in inland waters of North and Central America, Asia and islands in the Caribbean, and Pacific and Indian oceans. Loricariids are generally considered to be strictly freshwater; but a few naturally occur in mesohaline habitats.
3.Catch and habitat data from 2004–2005 and 2009–2011 fish surveys in the Grijalva–Usumacinta River delta region (south-eastern Mexico) confirmed that introduced Pterygoplichthys populations established in upstream freshwater sites (where these catfish are abundant) have recently dispersed into downstream oligohaline and mesohaline estuarine habitats. During 2009–2011 surveys, these non-native catfish — tentatively identified as P. pardalis or its hybrids — were found in sites with salinities ranging from 1 to 8 ppt (mean 5.2 ppt).
4.Acute-salinity experiments were conducted with Pterygoplichthys (110–302 mm standard length, N=140) captured in the Grijalva–Usumacinta Basin to determine upper salinity tolerance levels. Tests demonstrated that individuals maintained in salinities of 0.2 ppt were able to survive abrupt (acute) exposure to salinities up to 10 ppt with little mortality over 10 days (240 h experimental endpoint). A few individuals survived abrupt exposure to 11 and 12 ppt for 20 or more hours, although none survived more than a few hours at 16 ppt or greater.
5.These field and experimental results provide quantitative evidence that non-native Pterygoplichthys are physiologically capable of surviving mesohaline conditions for extended periods and that non-native populations in Mexico are invading and presumably exploiting estuarine and other coastal environments, perhaps as feeding areas and potentially as dispersal routes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1210","usgsCitation":"Capps, K.A., Nico, L.G., Mendoza-Carranza, M., Arevalo-Frias, W., Ropicki, A., Heilpern, S.A., and Rodiles-Hernandez, R., 2011, Salinity tolerance of non-native suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) in south-eastern Mexico: Implications for invasion and dispersal: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 6, p. 528-540, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"540","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Grijalva–Usumacinta River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.79876708984375,\n 17.79838094162093\n ],\n [\n -91.77017211914062,\n 17.79838094162093\n ],\n [\n -91.77017211914062,\n 18.777616176328035\n ],\n [\n -92.79876708984375,\n 18.777616176328035\n ],\n [\n -92.79876708984375,\n 17.79838094162093\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capps, Krista A.","contributorId":35456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capps","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendoza-Carranza, Manuel","contributorId":74870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza-Carranza","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arevalo-Frias, Wendi","contributorId":69703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arevalo-Frias","given":"Wendi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ropicki, Andrew J.","contributorId":6181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ropicki","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heilpern, Sebastian A.","contributorId":80003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilpern","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodiles-Hernandez, Rocio","contributorId":80403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodiles-Hernandez","given":"Rocio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006071,"text":"70006071 - 2011 - Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:35:43","indexId":"70006071","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions","docAbstract":"Mineralization of 14C-radiolabled vinyl chloride ([1,2-14C] VC) and cis-dichloroethene ([1,2-14C] cis-DCE) under hypoxic (initial dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations about 0.1 mg/L) and nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) was examined in chloroethene-exposed sediments from two groundwater and two surface water sites. The results show significant VC and dichloroethene (DCE) mineralization under hypoxic conditions. All the sample treatments exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for DCE and VC mineralization over an extended range of substrate concentrations. First-order rates for VC mineralization were approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in hypoxic groundwater sediment treatments and at least three times higher in hypoxic surface water sediment treatments than in the respective anoxic treatments. For VC, oxygen-linked processes accounted for 65 to 85% of mineralization at DO concentrations below 0.1 mg/L, and 14CO2 was the only degradation product observed in VC treatments under hypoxic conditions. Because the lower detection limit for DO concentrations measured in the field is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, these results indicate that oxygen-linked VC and DCE biodegradation can be significant under field conditions that appear anoxic. Furthermore, because rates of VC mineralization exceeded rates of DCE mineralization under hypoxic conditions, DCE accumulation without concomitant accumulation of VC may not be evidence of a DCE degradative “stall” in chloroethene plumes. Significantly, mineralization of VC above the level that could reasonably be attributed to residual DO contamination was also observed in several nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) microcosm treatments.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2011, Microbial mineralization of dichloroethene and vinyl chloride under hypoxic conditions: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 31, no. 4, p. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.12030029296875,\n 32.10584293285769\n ],\n [\n -80.80169677734375,\n 32.0383483283312\n ],\n [\n -81.10931396484374,\n 31.70713974681462\n ],\n [\n -81.13677978515625,\n 31.522361470421437\n ],\n [\n -81.26312255859375,\n 31.3348710339506\n ],\n [\n -81.2713623046875,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -81.38397216796875,\n 31.097629956393977\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 30.91636380602182\n ],\n [\n -81.42791748046875,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -81.40594482421875,\n 30.61191363386011\n ],\n [\n -81.727294921875,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 30.746556862773616\n ],\n [\n -81.66961669921875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 31.84956532831343\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -81.12030029296875,\n 32.10584293285769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006095,"text":"ofr20101269 - 2011 - Analysis of the deconstruction of Dyke Marsh, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Virginia-Progression, geologic and manmade causes, and effective restoration scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20101269","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1269","title":"Analysis of the deconstruction of Dyke Marsh, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Virginia-Progression, geologic and manmade causes, and effective restoration scenarios","docAbstract":"This report is a synthesis of the latest findings from an ongoing study of Dyke Marsh, an eroding freshwater tidal wetland that is scheduled for federal restoration. Its purpose is to provide an accurate and up-to-date temporal and geological framework for the marsh, of which most is new information (plus a compilation of historical and recent information), that is directly relevant to the restoration effort and also is relevant to short-term and long-term land management decisions regarding this natural resource.\nAnalysis of field evidence, aerial photography, and published maps has revealed an accelerating rate of erosion and marsh loss at Dyke Marsh, which now appears to put at risk the short term survivability of this marsh. The destabilization of Dyke Marsh is outlined here, spanning an approximately 70-year time interval (1940-2010). This freshwater tidal marsh has shifted from a semi-stable net depositional environment (1864-1937) into a strongly erosional one, during a time when it currently is in early-phase planning for comprehensive restoration. The marsh has been deconstructed over the past 70 years by a combination of manmade and natural causes. The marsh initially experienced a strong destabilizing period between 1940 and 1972 by direct dredge mining of the marsh surface. By 1976 the marsh had entered a net destructive phase, where it remains at present.\nPhotoanalysis of time-sequence aerial photographs of Dyke Marsh enabled us to calculate shoreline erosion estimates for this marsh over 19 years (1987-2006), as well as to quantify overall marsh acreage for 6 calendar years spanning an ~70 year interval (1937-2006). Photo overlay of a historic map enabled us to extend our whole-marsh acreage calculations back to 1883. Both sets of analyses were part of a geologic framework study in support of current efforts by the National Park Service (NPS) to restore this urban wetland. Two time intervals were selected for our shoreline erosion analyses, based on image quality and availability: 1987 to 2002, and 2002 to 2006. The more recent time interval shows a marked increase in erosion in the southern part of Dyke Marsh, following a wave-induced breach of a small peninsula that had protected its southern shoreline. Field observations and analyses of annual aerial imagery between 1987 and 2006 revealed a progressive increase in wave-induced erosion that presently is deconstructing Hog Island Gut, the last significant tidal creek network within the Dyke Marsh. These photo analyses documented an overall average westward shoreline loss of 6.0 to 7.8 linear feet per year along the Potomac River during this 19-year time interval. Additionally, photographic evidence documented that lateral erosion now is capturing existing higher order tributaries in the Hog Island Gut. Wave-driven stream piracy is fragmenting the remaining marsh habitat, and therefore its connectivity, relatively rapidly, causing the effective mouth of the Hog Island Gut tidal network to retreat headward visibly over the past several decades. Based on our estimates of total marsh area in the Dyke Marsh derived from 1987 aerial imagery, as much as 12 percent of the central part of the marsh has eroded in the 19 year period we studied (or ~7.5 percent of the original ~78.8 acres of 1987 marshland). Shoreline loss estimates for marsh parcels north and south of our study area have not yet been analyzed, although annual aerial photos from 1987 to 2002 confirm visible progressive shoreline loss in those areas over this same time interval.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101269","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Litwin, R.J., Smoot, J.P., Pavich, M.J., Markewich, H., Oberg, E., Helwig, B., Steury, B., Santucci, V.L., Durika, N.J., Rybicki, N.B., Engelhardt, K.M., Sanders, G., Verardo, S., Elmore, A.J., and Gilmer, J., 2011, Analysis of the deconstruction of Dyke Marsh, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Virginia-Progression, geologic and manmade causes, and effective restoration scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1269, viii, 50 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101269.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1269.jpg"},{"id":110949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Virginia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb3ce4b0c8380cd48cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oberg, Erik","contributorId":53661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helwig, Ben","contributorId":23397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helwig","given":"Ben","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steury, Brent","contributorId":60083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steury","given":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Santucci, Vincent L.","contributorId":85840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santucci","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Durika, Nancy J. 0000-0001-7448-8908 ndurika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8908","contributorId":4439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durika","given":"Nancy","email":"ndurika@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Engelhardt, Katharina M.","contributorId":81760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelhardt","given":"Katharina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sanders, Geoffrey","contributorId":85841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Verardo, Stacey","contributorId":61500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verardo","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Elmore, Andrew J.","contributorId":29702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gilmer, Joseph","contributorId":44047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70006099,"text":"ofr20101335 - 2011 - Digital Mapping Techniques '09-workshop proceedings, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 10-13, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:36:08","indexId":"ofr20101335","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1335","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '09-workshop proceedings, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 10-13, 2009","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '09 (DMT'09) workshop was attended by 90 technical experts from 42 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 24 State geological surveys. This workshop, the thirteenth in the annual series, was hosted by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, May 10-13, 2009, on the West Virginia University campus in Morgantown, West Virginia. Each DMT workshop has been coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project and the Association of American State Geologists (AASG).\nAs in the previous years' meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information, principally in order to develop more efficient methods for digital mapping, cartography, GIS analysis, and information management. At this meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized (1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); (2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LiDAR; (3) digital cartographic techniques; (4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase format; (5) analytical GIS techniques; and (6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '09-Workshop Proceedings, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 10-13, 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques","conferenceDate":"May 10-13, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Morgantown, West Virginia","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101335","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2011, Digital Mapping Techniques '09-workshop proceedings, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 10-13, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1335, 260 p.; Oral Presentations; Poster Presentations, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101335.","productDescription":"260 p.; Oral Presentations; Poster Presentations","costCenters":[{"id":100,"text":"AASG National Geologic Map Database Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1335.jpg"},{"id":110952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1335/pdf/usgs_of2010-1335.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0123e4b0c8380cd4faef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006105,"text":"ofr20101083F - 2011 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Mexico and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20101083F","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"F","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Mexico and vicinity","docAbstract":"Mexico, located in one of the world's most seismically active regions, lies on three large tectonic plates: the North American plate, Pacific plate, and Cocos plate. The relative motion of these tectonic plates causes frequent earthquakes and active volcanism and mountain building. Mexico's most seismically active region is in southern Mexico where the Cocos plate is subducting northwestward beneath Mexico creating the deep Middle America trench. The Gulf of California, which extends from approximately the northern terminus of the Middle America trench to the U.S.-Mexico border, overlies the plate boundary between the Pacific and North American plates where the Pacific plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American plate. This region of transform faulting is the southern extension of the well-known San Andreas Fault system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA","usgsCitation":"Rhea, S., Dart, R.L., Villasenor, A.H., Hayes, G., Tarr, A.C., Furlong, K.P., and Benz, H.M., 2011, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010 Mexico and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Map Sheet: 35.02 x 23.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083F.","productDescription":"1 Map Sheet: 35.02 x 23.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_f.png"},{"id":110957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"8000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,10 ], [ -125,35 ], [ -80,35 ], [ -80,10 ], [ -125,10 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006066,"text":"ds601 - 2011 - A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ds601","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"601","title":"A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report","docAbstract":"During the 21st century, sea-level rise is projected to have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, development, and infrastructure. Consequently, there has been an increased focus on developing modeling or other analytical approaches to evaluate potential impacts to inform coastal management. This report provides the data that were used to develop and evaluate the performance of a Bayesian network designed to predict long-term shoreline change due to sea-level rise. The data include local rates of relative sea-level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline-change rate compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Vulnerability Index for the U.S. Atlantic coast. In this project, the Bayesian network is used to define relationships among driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal responses. Using this information, the Bayesian network is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline change in response to different future sea-level-rise scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds601","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B.T., Plant, N.G., and Thieler, E.R., 2011, A Bayesian network to predict vulnerability to sea-level rise: data report: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 601, 15 p.; Download of Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds601.","productDescription":"15 p.; Download of Data Files","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_601.gif"},{"id":110931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/601/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,24 ], [ -82,46 ], [ -66,46 ], [ -66,24 ], [ -82,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494ce4b0b290850ef076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006068,"text":"pp1737B - 2011 - Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:13:34","indexId":"pp1737B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004","docAbstract":"A study of the Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants to public-supply wells (TANC study) was begun in 2001 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study was designed to shed light on factors that affect the vulnerability of groundwater and, more specifically, water from public-supply wells to contamination to provide a context for the NAWQA Program's earlier finding of mixtures of contaminants at low concentrations in groundwater near the water table in urban areas across the Nation. The TANC study has included investigations at both the regional (tens to thousands of square kilometers) and local (generally less than 25 square kilometers) scales. At the regional scale, the approach to investigation involves refining conceptual models of groundwater flow in hydrologically distinct settings and then constructing or updating a groundwater-flow model with particle tracking for each setting to help quantify regional water budgets, public-supply well contributing areas (areas contributing recharge to wells and zones of contribution for wells), and traveltimes from recharge areas to selected wells. A great deal of information about each contributing area is captured from the model output, including values for 170 variables that describe physical and (or) geochemical characteristics of the contributing areas. The information is subsequently stored in a relational database. Retrospective water-quality data from monitoring, domestic, and many of the public-supply wells, as well as data from newly collected samples at selected public-supply wells, also are stored in the database and are used with the model output to help discern the more important factors affecting vulnerability in many, if not most, settings. The study began with investigations in seven regional areas, and it benefits from being conducted as part of the NAWQA Program, in which consistent methods are used so that meaningful comparisons can be made. The hydrogeologic settings and regional-scale groundwater-flow models from the initial seven regional areas are documented in Chapter A of this U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Also documented in Chapter A are the methods used to collect and compile the water-quality data, determine contributing areas of the public-supply wells, and characterize the oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions in each setting. A data dictionary for the database that was designed to enable joint storage and access to water-quality data and groundwater-flow model particle-tracking output is included as Appendix 1 of Chapter A. This chapter, Chapter B, documents modifications to the study methods and presents descriptions of two regional areas that were added to the TANC study in 2004.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1737B","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S., 2011, Hydrogeologic settings and groundwater-flow simulations for regional investigations of the transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants to public-supply wells—Investigations begun in 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1737, vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1737B.","productDescription":"vii; Section 1: iii, 6 p.; Section 2: vi, 61 p.; Section 3: v, 51p.; Appendix; PDF Downloads of Sections 1-3; PDF Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"A-8","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-11-29","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1737_B.gif"},{"id":110932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326385,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2011/1737b/pdf/pp1737B-111711.pdf","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4776e4b07f02db47e513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006051,"text":"ofr20111293 - 2011 - A bibliography of literature pertaining to plague (Yersinia pestis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20111293","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1293","title":"A bibliography of literature pertaining to plague (Yersinia pestis)","docAbstract":"Plague is an acute and often fatal zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Y. pestis mainly cycles between small mammals and their fleas; however, it has the potential to infect humans and frequently causes fatalities if left untreated. It is often considered a disease of the past; however, since the late 1800s, plagueis geographic range has expanded greatly, posing new threats in previously unaffected regions of the world, including the Western United States. A literature search was conducted using Internet resources and databases. The keywords chosen for the searches included plague, Yersinia pestis, management, control, wildlife, prairie dogs, fleas, North America, and mammals. Keywords were used alone or in combination with the other terms. Although this search pertains mostly to North America, citations were included from the international research community, as well. Databases and search engines used included Google (http://www.google.com), Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com), SciVerse Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), ISI Web of Knowledge (http://apps.isiknowledge.com), and the USGS Library's Digital Desktop (http://library.usgs.gov). The literature-cited sections of manuscripts obtained from keyword searches were cross-referenced to identify additional citations or gray literature that was missed by the Internet search engines. This Open-File Report, published as an Internet-accessible bibliography, is intended to be periodically updated with new citations or older references that may have been missed during this compilation. Hence, the authors would be grateful to receive notice of any new or old papers that the audience (users) think need to be included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111293","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., and Frank, M.K., 2011, A bibliography of literature pertaining to plague (Yersinia pestis): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1293, iii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111293.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1293.png"},{"id":110936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1293/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4974e4b0b290850ef2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, Megan K. Eberhardt","contributorId":27995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K. Eberhardt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006074,"text":"ofr20101057 - 2011 - A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20101057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1057","title":"A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005)","docAbstract":"The MFI2005 data-input (entry) program was developed for use with the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model, MODFLOW-2005. MFI2005 runs on personal computers and is designed to be easy to use; data are entered interactively through a series of display screens. MFI2005 supports parameter estimation using the UCODE_2005 program for parameter estimation. Data for MODPATH, a particle-tracking program for use with MODFLOW-2005, also can be entered using MFI2005. MFI2005 can be used in conjunction with other data-input programs so that the different parts of a model dataset can be entered by using the most suitable program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101057","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 2011, A data-input program (MFI2005) for the U.S. Geological Survey modular groundwater model (MODFLOW-2005) and parameter estimation program (UCODE_2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1057, vii, 12 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101057.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1057.jpg"},{"id":110934,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arien W.","contributorId":28354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arien","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006024,"text":"ofr20111285 - 2011 - Species accounts for the Alamosa/Monte Vista/Baca National Wildlife Refuge Complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111285","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1285","title":"Species accounts for the Alamosa/Monte Vista/Baca National Wildlife Refuge Complex","docAbstract":"As part of an interagency agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Alamosa/Monte Vista/Baca National Wildlife Refuge Complex requested help with the synthesis of scientific information for 10 focal species and their habitat requirements in response to common Refuge management activities in the San Luis Valley, Colorado. This information will be instrumental in developing the Service's Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP), which is required by law for each unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System. After consultation with Refuge managers and USGS staff, the 10 species chosen for detailed literature reviews and synthesis of information were the following: (1) American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana); (2) Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolorPorzana carolina); (4) White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi); (5) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger); (6) Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus); (7) Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri); (8) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis); (9) Northern Leopard Frog [Lithobates (=Rana) pipiens]; and, (10) Tadpole Shrimp (Triops longicaudatus).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2011, Species accounts for the Alamosa/Monte Vista/Baca National Wildlife Refuge Complex: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1285, vi, 186 p.; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111285.","productDescription":"vi, 186 p.; Table","startPage":"i","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"201","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1285.png"},{"id":110935,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1285/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e60ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004659,"text":"70004659 - 2011 - Migration patterns, use of stopover areas, and austral summer movements of Swainson's hawks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:31:25.954521","indexId":"70004659","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration patterns, use of stopover areas, and austral summer movements of Swainson's hawks","docAbstract":"From 1995 to 1998, we tracked movements of adult Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni), using satellite telemetry to characterize migration, important stopover areas, and movements in the austral summer. We tagged 46 hawks from July to September on their nesting grounds in seven U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. Swainson's Hawks followed three basic routes south on a broad front, converged along the east coast of central Mexico, and followed a concentrated corridor to a communal area in central Argentina for the austral summer. North of 20° N, southward and northward tracks differed little for individuals from east of the continental divide but differed greatly (up to 1700 km) for individuals from west of the continental divide. Hawks left the breeding grounds mid-August to mid-October; departure dates did not differ by location, year, or sex. Southbound migration lasted 42 to 98 days, northbound migration 51 to 82 days. Southbound, 36% of the Swainson's Hawks departed the nesting grounds nearly 3 weeks earlier than the other radio-marked hawks and made stopovers 9.0–26.0 days long in seven separate areas, mainly in the southern Great Plains, southern Arizona and New Mexico, and north-central Mexico. The birds stayed in their nonbreeding range for 76 to 128 days. All used a core area in central Argentina within 23% of the 738 800-km2 austral summer range, where they frequently moved long distances (up to 1600 km). Conservation of Swainson's Hawks must be an international effort that considers habitats used during nesting and non-nesting seasons, including migration stopovers.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090243","usgsCitation":"Kochert, M.N., Fuller, M.R., Schueck, L., Bond, L., Bechard, M.J., Woodbridge, B., Holroyd, G.L., Martell, M., and Banasch, U., 2011, Migration patterns, use of stopover areas, and austral summer movements of Swainson's hawks: The Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090243.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090243","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schueck, Linda S. 0000-0003-0456-1131 lschueck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-1131","contributorId":48516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"Linda S.","email":"lschueck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, Laura","contributorId":89103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bechard, Marc J.","contributorId":12426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bechard","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodbridge, Brian","contributorId":82838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodbridge","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holroyd, Geoff L.","contributorId":99278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holroyd","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martell, Mark S.","contributorId":12180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martell","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":12435,"text":"Audubon Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Banasch, Ursula","contributorId":33044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banasch","given":"Ursula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70006065,"text":"fs20113135 - 2011 - National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:48:43.243653","indexId":"fs20113135","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3135","title":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","docAbstract":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) has invested more than $20M since 2008 to put cutting-edge climate science research in the hands of resource managers across the Nation. With NCCWSC support, more than 25 cooperative research initiatives led by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers and technical staff are advancing our understanding of habitats and species to provide guidance to managers in the face of a changing climate. Projects focus on quantifying and predicting interactions between climate, habitats, species, and other natural resources such as water. Spatial scales of the projects range from the continent of North America, to a regional scale such as the Pacific Northwest United States, to a landscape scale such as the Florida Everglades. Time scales range from the outset of the 20th century to the end of the 21st century. Projects often lead to workshops, presentations, publications and the creation of new websites, computer models, and data visualization tools. Partnership-building is also a key focus of the NCCWSC-supported projects. New and on-going cooperative partnerships have been forged and strengthened with resource managers and scientists at Federal, tribal, state, local, academic, and non-governmental organizations. USGS scientists work closely with resource managers to produce timely and relevant results that can assist managers and policy makers in current resource management decisions. This fact sheet highlights accomplishments of five NCCWSC projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113135","usgsCitation":"Holl, S., 2011, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3135, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113135.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030703","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3135.png"},{"id":110926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holl, Sally","contributorId":107416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006064,"text":"sir20115191 - 2011 - Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115191","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5191","title":"Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Analysis of streamflow measurements and continuous records of streamflow provided insight into interaction of the groundwater system with the Clackamas River in northwestern Oregon. This report assesses gains and losses of the Clackamas River based on streamflow measurements made during previous hydrologic studies, decades of continuous streamflow data, and a detailed suite of streamflow measurements made in September 2006. Gains and losses were considered significant if, after accounting for tributary inflows and withdrawals, the difference in streamflow from a measurement site to the next site downstream exceeded the streamflow measurement uncertainty. Streamflow measurements made in 1987, 1992, and 1998 indicated minor gains and losses. Comparison of continuous records of late summer streamflow of the Clackamas River at Estacada to sites at Clackamas and Oregon City indicated gains in some years, and no losses. Analysis of streamflow measurements of the Clackamas River from Estacada to Oregon City during low-flow conditions in September 2006 enabled an estimation of gains and losses on a reach-by-reach scale; these gains and losses were attributable to the geomorphic setting. During late summer, most groundwater discharge occurs upstream of Estacada, and groundwater contributions to streamflow downstream of Estacada are minor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas River Water Providers and Clackamas County Water Environment Services?","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., 2011, Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5191, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115191.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5191.jpg"},{"id":110928,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"State Plane, Zone 5076","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clackamas River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,45 ], [ -123,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45 ], [ -123,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}