{"pageNumber":"1726","pageRowStart":"43125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46619,"records":[{"id":70233062,"text":"70233062 - 1978 - Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:43:18.632915","indexId":"70233062","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:40:05","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages","docAbstract":"<p> A method for determining runoff coefficients indirectly without direct measurement of volume of runoff was developed for drainage areas of selected storm-water basins on Long Island, N.Y., to expedite evaluation of basin performance. The method requires a maximum-stage gage to record the maximum water level attained in the basin during the storm, and a precipitation gage to record storm intensity at regular intervals. The maximum volume of runoff impounded in the basin during a storm is calculated from precipitation data, an arbitrarily estimated runoff coefficient, and the basin's dimensions and infiltration rate. The calculated result is then compared with the recorded maximum water level, and the process is repeated with increased or decreased coefficients on a trial basis until two of the resulting water-storage maxima closely bracket the recorded maximum. The runoff coefficient in effect during that storm is then interpolated or derived graphically from the calculated water-storage maxima. Results of data analyses suggest that a close approximation of a basin's infiltration rate may be used instead of a measured infiltration rate to calculate the runoff coefficient. Differences between measured and calculated runoff coefficients averaged less than 20 percent when based on average infiltration rates adjusted for water temperature and less than 10 percent when based on measured infiltration rates. Accuracy of the calculated runoff coefficient tends to decline as the interval between precipitation measurements increases. Precipitation data collected at 5- and 15-minute intervals gave accurate runoff coefficients regardless of storm duration, but data collected at 30- or 60-minute intervals gave widely varying results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Aronson, D.A., 1978, Determination of runoff coefficients of storm-water-basin drainage areas on Long Island, New York, by using maximum-stage gages: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 1, p. 11-21.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.102783203125,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              41.236511201246216\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.102783203125,\n              41.236511201246216\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.102783203125,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aronson, D. A.","contributorId":20308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70098418,"text":"70098418 - 1978 - Cartographic research 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T15:12:07","indexId":"70098418","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T10:39:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Cartographic research 1977","docAbstract":"<p>Two major subjects of the current research of the Topographic Division as reported here are related to policy decisions affecting the National Mapping Program of the Geological Survey. The adoption of a metric mapping policy has resulted in new cartographic products with associated changes in map design that require new looks in graphics and new equipment. The increasing use of digitized cartographic information has led to developments in data acquisition, processing, and storage and consequent changes in equipment and techniques.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report summarizes the activities in cartographic research and development for the 12-month period ending June 1977 and covers work done at the several facilities of the Topographic Division: the Western Mapping Center at Menlo Park, Calif., the Rocky Mountain Mapping Center at Denver, Colo., the Mid-Continent Mapping Center at Rolla, Mo., and the Eastern Mapping Center, the Special Mapping Center, the Office of Plans and Program Development, and the Office of Research and Technical Standards all at Reston, Va.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70098418","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Cartographic research 1977, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70098418.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":587,"text":"Topographic Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70098418.jpg"},{"id":286060,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70098418/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558ff9e4b0120853e8be73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26397,"text":"wri7894 - 1978 - Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T19:44:50.633293","indexId":"wri7894","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-94","title":"Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources of Homer-Preble Valley, 1 to 2 miles wide and 9 miles long, in central New York, were appraised because the area is expected to undergo considerable residential development in the near future. The main source of water supply to the residents of the area is the glacial-outwash aquifer. Data indicate that additional pumpage of 5 million to 10 million gallons per day from the aquifer would not seriously reduce the quantity and quality of the water supply. Water-quality analyses indicate that ground water and surface water in the valley are suitable for most uses and generally meet State standards for source waters for drinking.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7894","usgsCitation":"Buller, W., 1978, Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-94, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7894.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35281.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Homer-Preble Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.208,\n              42.767\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.208,\n              42.642\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.117,\n              42.642\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.117,\n              42.767\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.208,\n              42.767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buller, William","contributorId":16449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buller","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012593,"text":"70012593 - 1978 - Dislocation substructure of mantle-derived olivine as revealed by selective chemical etching and transmission electron microscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012593","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation substructure of mantle-derived olivine as revealed by selective chemical etching and transmission electron microscopy","docAbstract":"Cleaved and mechanically polished surfaces of olivine from peridotite xenoliths from San Carlos, Arizona, were chemically etched using the techniques of Wegner and Christie (1974). Dislocation etch pits are produced on all surface orientations and they tend to be preferentially aligned along the traces of subgrain boundaries, which are approximately parallel to (100), (010), and (001). Shallow channels were also produced on (010) surfaces and represent dislocations near the surface that are etched out along their lengths. The dislocation etch channel loops are often concentric, and emanate from (100) subgrain boundaries, which suggests that dislocation sources are in the boundaries. Data on subgrain misorientation and dislocation line orientation and arguments based on subgrain boundary energy minimization are used to characterize the dislocation structures of the subgrain boundaries. (010) subgrain boundaries are of the twist type, composed of networks of [100] and [001] screw dislocations. Both (100) and (001) subgrain boundaries are tilt walls composed of arrays of edge dislocation with Burgers vectors b=[100] and [001], respectively. The inferred slip systems are {001} ???100???, {100} ???001???, and {010} ???100??? in order of diminishing importance. Exploratory transmission electron microscopy is in accord with these identifications. The flow stresses associated with the development of the subgrain structure are estimated from the densities of free dislocations and from the subgrain dimensions. Inferred stresses range from 35 to 75 bars using the free dislocation densities and 20 to 100 bars using the subgrain sizes. ?? 1978 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00311845","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., and Wegner, M., 1978, Dislocation substructure of mantle-derived olivine as revealed by selective chemical etching and transmission electron microscopy: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 3, no. 4, p. 309-330, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00311845.","startPage":"309","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311845"},{"id":222089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0215e4b0c8380cd4fe96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wegner, M.W.","contributorId":42354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012540,"text":"70012540 - 1978 - Transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012540","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline rocks","docAbstract":"We review transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline solids. The results are expected to be pertinent to crystalline rocks undergoing deformation in the depth range 5 to 20 km, corresponding to depths of focus of many major earthquakes. Transient creep data for crystalline rocks at elevated temperatures are analyzed but are poorly understood because of lack of information on the deformation processes which, at low to moderate pressure, are likely to be semibrittle in nature. Activation energies for transient creep at high effective confining pressure are much higher than those found for atmospheric pressure tests in which thermally-activated microfracturing probably dominates the creep rate. Empirical transient creep equations are extrapolated at 200?? to 600??C, stresses from 0.1 to 1.0 kbar, to times ranging from 3.17??102 to 3.17??108 years. At the higher temperatures, appreciable transient creep strains may take place but the physical significance of the results is in question because the flow mechanisms have not been determined. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate careful research on this important topic. ?? 1978 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876540","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Carter, N., and Kirby, S.H., 1978, Transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline rocks: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 116, no. 4-5, p. 807-839, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876540.","startPage":"807","endPage":"839","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205171,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876540"},{"id":221954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6f9e4b08c986b326f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, N.L.","contributorId":58395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003110,"text":"1003110 - 1978 - Seasonal trends in summer diet of the lapland longspur near Barrow Alaska USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:22:00.445513","indexId":"1003110","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal trends in summer diet of the lapland longspur near Barrow Alaska USA","docAbstract":"Contents of lapland longspur [Calcarius lapponicus] stomachs and esophagi were sampled near Barrow, Alaska [USA], from May-Aug. in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1973. Data from stomach contents were corrected for differential digestion of prey items. Longspurs shifted seasonally from larval to adult arthropods and back to larvae, responding to changes in the abundance of these prey items. Seeds were a vital supplementary food in late May and Aug., when arthropods were scarce or inaccessible. One species of crane fly was the major dietary component for longspurs during June and July. Its high abundance and substantial dry weight per individual may contribute to the success of longspurs at Barrow. The diets of longspurs and 4 common shorebirds (Calidris spp.) at Barrow were similar in the range of prey items taken except for seeds and tenthredinid larvae. Their diets overlapped closely when feeding sites were restricted because of snow and surface water (chiefly at the beginning of the season) and when prey was abundant in early to mid-July. Competition is possible early in the season but unlikely in July when surface insects are very abundant. Habitat separation and the advantages of fringillid form apparently contribute to the success of longspors in a tundra community of insectivores dominated by shorebirds.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368039","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Pitelka, F., 1978, Seasonal trends in summer diet of the lapland longspur near Barrow Alaska USA: The Condor, v. 80, no. 3, p. 295-301, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368039.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitelka, F.A.","contributorId":7676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitelka","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93771,"text":"93771 - 1978 - Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:06:17","indexId":"93771","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality","docAbstract":"This report is a discussion of the feasibility of using Landsat data to generate information of value for effective management of migratory waterfowl. Effective management of waterfowl includes regulating waterfowl populations through hunting regulations and habitat management. This report examines the ability to analyze annual production by monitoring the number of breeding and brood ponds that are present, and the ability to assess waterfowl habitat based on the various relationships between ponds and the surrounding upland terrain types. The basic conclusions of this report are that: 1) Landsat data can be used to improve estimates of pond numbers which may be correlated with duck production; and 2) Landsat data can be used to generate information on terrain types which subsequently can be used to assess relative waterfowl habitat quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Institute of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Colwell, J., Gilmer, D., Work, E., and Rebel, D., 1978, Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality, 83 pp.","productDescription":"83 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colwell, J.E.","contributorId":79048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":33654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebel, D.","contributorId":33255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":96530,"text":"96530 - 1978 - Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96530","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Final Rept. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.","usgsCitation":"Colwell, J., Gilmer, D., Work, E., Rebel, D., and Roller, N., 1978, Use of Landsat data to assess waterfowl habitat quality, 83 p.","productDescription":"83 p.","startPage":"83","numberOfPages":"83","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colwell, J.","contributorId":61773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, E.A.","contributorId":7650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebel, D.L.","contributorId":74700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebel","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roller, N.E.G.","contributorId":74703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"N.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1007802,"text":"1007802 - 1978 - Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:31:25","indexId":"1007802","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>An aerial survey of Pacific walruses (</span><i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i><span>) was evaluated to determine the reliability of estimates of population abundance. The probability of detecting groups of walruses on the pack ice remained uniform to at least 0.93 km from the flight line, whereas the probability of detection decreased significantly beyond 0.23 km for walruses in the water. Walruses were more abundant along the ice-edge zone between 162 and 165°W than in other areas of the Chukchi Sea during September 1975. Few walruses were observed in consolidated pack ice north of the ice-edge zone or in ice-free water to the south. More walrus groups and larger mean group size were observed on September 8 than on other days. We estimated abundance for each day and all days combined using methods based on sample area and numbers of strip samples. Estimates varied among days by over an order of magnitude; this variation is attributed to the combined effect of chance sampling of an aggregated population and variation in the fraction of walruses hauled out. The coefficient of variation of the estimates ranged between 0.25 and 0.99. This imprecision was due to the aggregated distribution of walruses and the large variation in group size. Using the survey data as a basis for stratification, we calculated that, due to the high variability within strata, a sample size of 40% of the total area or 56% of the total available strips would be required to obtain 95% confidence limits within 10% of the estimate of total abundance. Variation contributed by observer error in estimating group size also is relatively unimportant to the precision of abundance estimates. Studies of natural history, particularly those oriented toward activity and habitat selection, would help investigators estimate bias due to the variable fraction hauled out and design surveys based on meaningful strata. Estimates of total abundance based on limited survey efforts will provide information of little reliability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f78-178","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Gilbert, J.R., 1978, Evaluation of an aerial survey of Pacific walruses: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 35, p. 1130-1140, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-178.","productDescription":"p. 1130-1140","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10660,"text":"ofr78198 - 1978 - Principal facts and profiles of gravity data from parts of Meade, Pennington, Haakon, and Jackson Counties, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:05:40.699603","indexId":"ofr78198","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-198","title":"Principal facts and profiles of gravity data from parts of Meade, Pennington, Haakon, and Jackson Counties, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78198","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., and Hassemer, J.H., 1978, Principal facts and profiles of gravity data from parts of Meade, Pennington, Haakon, and Jackson Counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-198, Report: 14 p.; 5 Plates: 23.40 × 20.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78198.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 5 Plates: 23.40 × 20.15 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410224,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Haakon County, Jackson County, Meade County, Pennington 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Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, Jerry H.","contributorId":8103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69546,"text":"hu41 - 1978 - Hydrologic Unit Map-1978, state of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T21:05:25.336195","indexId":"hu41","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"41","subseriesTitle":"South Dakota 1978","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map-1978, state of South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>This map and accompanying table show Hydrologic Unites that are basically hydrographic in nature. The Cataloging Unites shown supplant the Cataloging Units previously depicted n the 1974 State Hydrologic Unit Map. The boundaries as shown have been adapted from the 1974 State Hydrologic Unit Map, \"The Catalog of Information on Water Data\" (1972), \"Water Resources Regions and Subregions for the National Assessment of Water and Related Land Resources\" by the U.S. Water Resources Council (1970), \"River Basin of the United States\" by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1963, 1970), \"River Basin Maps Showing Hydrologic Stations\" by the Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee on Hydrology (1961), and State planning maps.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Political Subdivision has been adopted from \"Counties and County Equivalents of the States if the United States\" presented in Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 6-2, issued by the National Bureau of Standards (1973) in which each county or county equivalent is identified by a 2-character State code and a 3-character county code.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Regions, Subregions and Accounting Units are aggregates of the Cataloging Unites. The Regions and Sub regions are currently (1978) used by the U.S> Water Resources Council for comprehensive planning, including the National Assessment, and as a standard geographical framework for more detailed water and related land-resources planning. The Accounting Units are those currently (1978) in use by the U.S. Geological Survey for managing the National Water Data Network.</p>\n<br>\n<p>This map was revised to include a boundary realinement between Cataloging Units 10140103 and 10160009.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu41","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Water Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Hydrologic Unit Map-1978, state of South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 41, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 52.51 x 38.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/hu41.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 52.51 x 38.30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":252493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/hu/41/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":251580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/hu/41/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/hu/41/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420277,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16250.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Lambert conformal conic projection","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,42.5 ], [ -104.05,45.866667 ], [ -96.5,45.866667 ], [ -96.5,42.5 ], [ -104.05,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61423e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9224,"text":"ofr78305 - 1978 - The marine geology of the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, with particular emphasis on the ground water basins offshore from the Oxnard Plain, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-25T14:41:51.621139","indexId":"ofr78305","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-305","title":"The marine geology of the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, with particular emphasis on the ground water basins offshore from the Oxnard Plain, Southern California","docAbstract":"<p>Marine geophysical investigations provide new data concerning the stratigraphy, tectonic and sedimentary history, and the ground water geology of the southeastern Santa Barbara Channel region. The offshore stratigraphy identified in seismic reflection profiles includes a succession of Neogene to Quaternary strata. The middle Miocene Conejo volcanics form an acoustical basement and the overlying late Cenozoic sedimentary rocks attain a thickness greater than 2,500 m. These sedimentary deposits fill a structurally controlled, physiographic and depositional depression called the Ventura Basin. </p><p>Structure consists generally of a gently folded, east-trending Tertiary synclinorium bordered on the north by a regional thrust fault and on the south by a steep asymmetrical anticlinal ridge. Most structures show evidence of north-south compression that occurred during early Pleistocene time. Three well-defined unconformities represent widespread erosion in late Miocene, early to middle Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene time. The boundaries of Miocene, Pliocene, and lower Pleistocene strata continue uninterrupted eastward along the southern part of Santa Barbara basin to Hueneme Canyon, where they turn northeast and can be traced to the coast near Port Hueneme. These limits probably represent the south edge of the Santa Barbara basin during Pliocene and Pleistocene time. </p><p>Fresh water-bearing materials of the Oxnard plain are unconsolidated Quaternary sediment laid down on more consolidated Tertiary rocks. Offshore, the total fresh water-bearing materials distinguished in the seismic reflection profiles attain a thickness of about 356 m and have an areal extent of over 760 km2. Strata that contain the offshore continuation of the five major on-land aquifers (Grimes Canyon, Fox Canyon, Hueneme, Mugu, and Oxnard aquifers) are identified in the seismic reflection profiles. These strata make up the two offshore ground-water basins, the Mound and Oxnard plain ground-water basins, which are separated by the east-west trending Oak Ridge fault. </p><p>Possible entrance areas for salt water intrusion into fresh water aquifers are found along the walls of the submarine canyons and along the northern slopes of Santa Barbara and Santa Monica basins. Hueneme and Mugu aquifers are probably exposed locally in all five submarine canyons of the Oxnard offshore area and may also crop out along the upper northern slope of Santa Monica basin. In all of these areas, salt water readily intrudes the aquifers. A salinity-temperature-depth study made in April, 1971, does not indicate any great dilution of surface ocean water by fresh water that could be 'leaking' from the exposed aquifers along the walls of Hueneme Canyon and the landward slope of Santa Barbara Channel. </p><p>Earthquakes in the vicinity of the Oxnard plain suggest that the region is seismically active. Epicenters are widely dispersed over the region. No distinct trend or alignment of earthquake epicenters occurs near the trace of any of the faults, although many epicenters are scattered around the Oak Ridge zone of deformation in the northern part of the region. The largest magnitude earthquake recorded in the area was a magnitude 5.7 that occurred on February 21, 1973, offshore of Point Mugu, south of the Oxnard plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78305","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., Wolf, S.C., and Blom, K.G., 1978, The marine geology of the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, with particular emphasis on the ground water basins offshore from the Oxnard Plain, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-305, Report: viii, 104 p.; 13 Plates: 35.60 x 26.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78305.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 104 p.; 13 Plates: 35.60 x 26.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":416017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463160,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463161,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463162,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463163,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463164,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463165,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463166,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463167,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463168,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463169,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463170,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463171,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463172,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0305/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119,\n              34.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.533,\n              34.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.533,\n              33.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              33.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              34.333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":78669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blom, Ken G.","contributorId":44154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blom","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":8968,"text":"ofr78322 - 1978 - Underway seismic data collected on U.S.G.S. Cruise S6-77, southeastern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T21:58:07.565537","indexId":"ofr78322","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-322","title":"Underway seismic data collected on U.S.G.S. Cruise S6-77, southeastern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78322","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., and Vallier, T., 1978, Underway seismic data collected on U.S.G.S. Cruise S6-77, southeastern Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-322, Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate:, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78322.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; 1 Plate:","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14684.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":36590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36589,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0322/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0322/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -173,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -173,\n              53.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -164,\n              53.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -164,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -173,\n              57\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012462,"text":"70012462 - 1978 - Revised values for the Gibbs free energy of formation of [Al(OH)4 aq-], diaspore, boehmite and bayerite at 298.15 K and 1 bar, the thermodynamic properties of kaolinite to 800 K and 1 bar, and the heats of solution of several gibbsite samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T17:52:38.848593","indexId":"70012462","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised values for the Gibbs free energy of formation of [Al(OH)4 aq-], diaspore, boehmite and bayerite at 298.15 K and 1 bar, the thermodynamic properties of kaolinite to 800 K and 1 bar, and the heats of solution of several gibbsite samples","docAbstract":"<p>Solution calorimetric measurements compared with solubility determinations from the literature for the same samples of gibbsite have provided a direct thermochemical cycle through which the Gibbs free energy of formation of [Al(OH)<sub>4 aq</sub><sup>−</sup>] can be determined. The Gibbs free energy of formation of [Al(OH)<sub>4 aq</sub><sup>−</sup>] at 298.15 K is −1305 ± 1 kJ/mol. These heat-of-solution results show no significant difference in the thermodynamic properties of gibbsite particles in the range from 50 to 0.05 μm.</p><p>The Gibbs free energies of formation at 298.15 K and 1 bar pressure of diaspore, boehmite and bayerite are −9210 ± 5.0, −918.4 ± 2.1 and −1153 ± 2 kJ/mol based upon the Gibbs free energy of [A1(OH)<sub>4 aq</sub><sup>−</sup>] calculated in this paper and the acceptance of −1582.2 ± 1.3 and −1154.9 ± 1.2 kJ/mol for the Gibbs free energy of formation of corundum and gibbsite, respectively.</p><p>Values for the Gibbs free energy formation of [Al(OH)<sub>2 aq</sub><sup>+</sup>] and [AlO<sub>2 aq</sub><sup>−</sup>] were also calculated as −914.2 ± 2.1 and −830.9 ± 2.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The use of [AlC<sub>2 aq</sub><sup>−</sup>] as a chemical species is discouraged.</p><p>A revised Gibbs free energy of formation for [H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4aq</sub><sup>0</sup>] was recalculated from calorimetric data yielding a value of −1307.5 ± 1.7 kJ/mol which is in good agreement with the results obtained from several solubility studies.</p><p>Smoothed values for the thermodynamic functions<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><sup>0</sup>, (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>T</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mtext>- H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>298</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mtext>)</mtext><mtext>T</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">HT0- H2980)T</span></span></span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>(</mtext><mtext>G</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>T</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mtext>- H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>298</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mtext>)</mtext><mtext>T</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(GT0- H2980)T</span></span></span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub><i>T</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>-<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub>0</sub><sup>0</sup>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x394;H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x192;,298</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math>\">ƒ<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ΔHƒ,2980</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>kaolinite are listed at integral temperatures between 298.15 and 800 K. The heat capacity of kaolinite at temperatures between 250 and 800 K may be calculated from the following equation:<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>P</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1430.26 − 0.78850<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 3.0340 × 10<sup>−4</sup><i>T</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>−1.85158 × 10<sup>−4</sup><i>T</i><sup>2</sup><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>+ 8.3341 &amp;#xD7; 10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mtext>T</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x2212;2</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">12+ 8.3341 × 106T−2</span></span></span>.</p><p>The thermodynamic properties of most of the geologically important Al-bearing phases have been referenced to the same reference state for Al, namely gibbsite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(78)90024-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Robie, R.A., and Kittrick, J., 1978, Revised values for the Gibbs free energy of formation of [Al(OH)4 aq-], diaspore, boehmite and bayerite at 298.15 K and 1 bar, the thermodynamic properties of kaolinite to 800 K and 1 bar, and the heats of solution of several gibbsite samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, no. 10, p. 1533-1543, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(78)90024-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aacede4b0c8380cd86dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittrick, J.A.","contributorId":20893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012448,"text":"70012448 - 1978 - Induction of auroral zone electric currents within the Alaska pipeline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012448","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induction of auroral zone electric currents within the Alaska pipeline","docAbstract":"The Alaskar pipeline is a highly conducting anomaly extending 800 miles (1300 km) from about 62?? to 69?? geomagnetic latitude beneath the most active regions of the ionospheric electrojet current. The spectral behavior of the magnetic field from this current was analyzed using data from standard geomagnetic observatories to establish the predictable patterns of temporal and spatial changes for field pulsation periods between 5 min and 4 hr. Such behavior is presented in a series of tables, graphs and formulae. Using 2- and 3-layer models of the conducting earth, the induced electric fields associated with the geomagnetic changes were established. From the direct relationship of the current to the geomagnetic field variation patterns one can infer counterpart temporal and spatial characteristics of the pipeline current. The relationship of the field amplitudes to geomagnetic activity indices, Ap, and the established occurrence of various levels of Ap over several solar cycles were employed to show that about half of the time the induced currents in the pipe would be under 1 A for the maximum response oscillatory periods near 1 hr. Such currents should be of minimal consequence in corrosion effects for even a section of the pipeline unprotected by sacrificial electrodes. Of greater interest was the result that the extreme surges of current should reach over one-hundred amperes in the pipeline during high activity. ?? 1978 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874677","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1978, Induction of auroral zone electric currents within the Alaska pipeline: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 116, no. 6, p. 1143-1173, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874677.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1173","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205234,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874677"}],"volume":"116","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aafe4b0c8380cd61eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012438,"text":"70012438 - 1978 - Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012438","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The very low-frequency (VLF) induction method has found exceptional utility in studying various volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii because: (1) significant anomalies result exclusively from ionically conductive magma or still-hot intrusions (> 800??C) and the attendant electrolytically conductive hot groundwater; (2) basalt flows forming the bulk of Kilauea have very high resistivities at shallow depths that result in low geologic noise levels and relatively deep depths of investigation (???100 m); and (3) the azimuths to two of the usable transmitters (NLK and NPM) are aligned favorably with most of the principal geologic features. Measurements of the tilt angle and ellipticity of the polarization ellipse of the magnetic field, using a simple, hand-held receiver, have been used to: (1) delineate the lateral extent of shallow, partially solidified lava lakes, active lava tubes, and recent intrusive dikes; (2) obtain an indication of the attitude of some recent dikes; (3) show that many eruptive fissures cool faster than their intrusive counterparts; (4) show that some fumarolic areas are underlain by shallow, highly altered, and conductive zones; and (5) provide control information for interpreting data obtained with other electrical techniques. Complementary measurements of scalar apparent resistivity and surface impedance phase, using a new attachment for the VLF receiver, have substantially increased the utility of VLF studies in Kilauea. They provide better lateral resolution of conductors and reduce the ambiguity in interpretation. Notwithstanding recent advances in theoretical modeling techniques, the excellent quality of some of the data warrants extension of interpretive techniques, particularly for quantitatively characterizing the configuration and conductivity of small-dimension bodies. These VLF induction methods should have wide application to studies of active volcanic regions in other parts of the world and could provide some insights into the workings of larger-scaled geothermal systems. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C., 1978, Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 3, no. 1-2, p. 155-195.","startPage":"155","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccbe4b0c8380cd494c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, C.J.","contributorId":52178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012578,"text":"70012578 - 1978 - Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:05:06","indexId":"70012578","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources","docAbstract":"A consistent, agreed-upon terminology is prerequisite for geothermal resource assessment. Accordingly, we propose a logical, sequential subdivision of the \"geothermal resource base\", accepting its definition as all the thermal energy in the earth's crust under a given area, measured from mean annual temperature. That part of the resource base which is shallow enough to be tapped by production drilling is termed the \"accessible resource base\", and it in turn is divided into \"useful\" and \"residual\" components. The useful component (i.e. the thermal energy that could reasonably be extracted at costs competitive with other forms of energy at some specified future time) is termed the \"geothermal resource\". This in turn is divided into \"economic\" and \"subeconomic\" components, based on conditions existing at the time of assessment. In the format of a McKelvey diagram, this logic defines the vertical axis (degree of economic feasibility). The horizontal axis (degree of geologic assurance) contains \"identified\" and \"undiscovered\" components. \"Reserve\" is then designated as the identified economic resource. All categories should be expressed in units of thermal energy, with resource and reserve figures calculated at wellhead, prior to the inevitable large losses inherent in any practical thermal use or in conversion to electricity. Methods for assessing geothermal resources can be grouped into 4 classes: (a) surface thermal flux, (b) volume, (c) planar fracture and (d) magmatic heat budget. The volume method appears to be most useful because (1) it is applicable to virtually any geologic environment, (2) the required parameters can in Sprinciple be measured or estimated, (3) the inevitable errors are in part compensated and (4) the major uncertainties (recoverability and resupply) are amenable to resolution in the foreseeable future. The major weakness in all the methods rests in the estimation of how much of the accessible resource base can be extracted at some time in the future. In a manner similar to mineral and fuel assessment, this recoverability is expressed as a \"recovery factor\". For an ideally permeable hot-water system, the recovery factor may be as much as 50% and seems to be independent of temperature. It must decrease as effective porosity (??e) decreases, but the relation between the two is little more than a guess. On the other hand, for favorable systems like Larderello that produce steam by a mechanism of intergranular vaporization, the recovery factor is probably around 15-20%, decreasing to zero at an effective porosity of zero. According to the anlysis of Bodvarsson (1974), it increases with decreasing reservoir temperature, and as pointed out by Nathenson (1975a) is limited at low temperatures by the need to have sufficient reservoir pressure for extraction and use. The extent to which a geothermal reservoir can be resupplied with heat during \"industrial\" times of 10-100 yr can be evaluated using simple analytical models. The results, combined with gravity and levelling data of Hunt (1977) for Wairakei and Isherwood (1977) for The Geysers, confirm earlier conclusions by Ramey (1970) and Nathenson (1975a) that resupply to reservoirs producing only steam can be neglected, and the conclusion of Nathenson (1975a) that it may be significant for hot-water systems of high natural discharge. Major subjects that demand continuing investigation include: 1. 1. Determination of recovery factors as functions of temperature and effective porosity, particularly for hot-water systems. 2. 2. Evaluation of fluid recharge and heat resupply by repetitive gravity, levelling and underground temperature surveys in producing geothermal fields. 3. 3. Analysis of the extent to which a recovery factor can be enhanced by stimulation and by use of confined circulation loops. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Muffler, P., and Cataldi, R., 1978, Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources: Geothermics, v. 7, no. 2-4, p. 53-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0.","startPage":"53","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1208202/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268141,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55cae4b0c8380cd6d2ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muffler, P.","contributorId":66850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cataldi, R.","contributorId":59806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cataldi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012598,"text":"70012598 - 1978 - Mars synthetic topographic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T19:32:08.863074","indexId":"70012598","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars synthetic topographic mapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>Topographic contour maps of Mars are compiled by the synthesis of data acquired from various scientific experiments of the Mariner 9 mission, including S-band radio-occulation, the ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS), the infrared radiometer (IRR), the infrared interferometer spectrometer (IRIS) and television imagery, as well as Earth-based radar information collected at Goldstone, Haystack, and Arecibo Observatories. The entire planet is mapped at scales of 1:25,000,000 and 1:25,000,000 using Mercator, Lambert, and polar stereographic map projections. For the computation of map projections, a biaxial spheroid figure is adopted. The semimajor and semiminor axes are 3393.4 and 3375.7 km, respectively, with a polar flattening of 0.0052. For the computation of elevations, a topographic datum is defined by a gravity field described in terms of spherical harmonics of fourth order and fourth degree combined with a 6.1-mbar occulation pressure surface. This areoid can be approximated by a triaxial ellipsoid with semimajor axes of&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;= 3394.6 km and&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><span>&nbsp;= 3393.3 km and a semiminor axis of&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;= 3376.3 km. The semimajor axis&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;intersects the Martian surface at longitude 105°W. The dynamic flattening of Mars is 0.00525. The contour intercal of the maps is 1 km. For some prominent features where overlapping pictures from Mariner 9 are available, local contour maps at relatively larger scales were also compiled by photogrammetric methods on stereo plotters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(78)90182-3","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., 1978, Mars synthetic topographic mapping: Icarus, v. 33, no. 3, p. 417-440, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(78)90182-3.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289440","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5226e4b0c8380cd6c1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.S.C.","contributorId":10421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012605,"text":"70012605 - 1978 - Range charts and no-space graphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:18:21","indexId":"70012605","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range charts and no-space graphs","docAbstract":"<p>No-space graphs present one solution to the familiar problem: given data on the occurrence of fossil taxa in separate, well-sampled sections, determine a range chart; that is, a reasonable working hypothesis of the total range in the area in question of each taxon studied. The solution presented here treats only the relative sequence of biostratigraphic events (first and last occurrences of taxa) and does not attempt to determine an amount of spacing between events. Relative to a hypothesized sequence, observed events in any section may be in-place or out-of-place. Out-of-place events may indicate (1) the event in question reflects a taxon that did not fill its entire range (unfilled-range event), or (2) the event in question indicates a need for the revision of the hypothesized sequence. A graph of relative position only (no-space graph) can be used to facilitate the recognition of in-place and out-of-place events by presenting a visual comparison of the observations from each section with the hypothesized sequence. The geometry of the graph as constructed here is such that in-place events will lie along a line series and out-of-place events will lie above or below it. First-occurrence events below the line series and last-occurrence events above the line series indicate unfilled ranges. First-occurrence events above the line series and last-occurrence events below the line series indicate a need for the revision of the hypothesis. Knowing this, the stratigrapher considers alternative positionings of the line series as alternative range hypotheses and seeks the line series that best fits his geologic and paleontologic judgment. No-space graphs are used to revise an initial hypothesis until a final hypothesis is reached. In this final hypothesis every event is found in-place in at least one section, and all events in all sections may be interpreted to represent in-place events or unfilled-range events. No event may indicate a need for further range revision. The application of the no-space graph method requires the assumption of lack of reworking and the assumption that taxa that are present in a single horizon indicate taxa whose ranges overlap. When applied to hypothetical and actual data, the no-space graph technique produces geologically reasonable range charts that compare favorably with results produced by other methods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(78)90057-2","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 1978, Range charts and no-space graphs: Computers & Geosciences, v. 4, no. 3, p. 247-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(78)90057-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a949ce4b0c8380cd814f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012572,"text":"70012572 - 1978 - Conceptual models in exploration geochemistry-The Basin and Range Province of the Western United States and Northern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012572","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual models in exploration geochemistry-The Basin and Range Province of the Western United States and Northern Mexico","docAbstract":"This summary of geochemical exploration in the Basin and Range Province is another in the series of reviews of geochemical-exploration applications covering a large region; this series began in 1975 with a summary for the Canadian Cordillera and Canadian Shield, and was followed in 1976 by a similar summary for Scandinavia (Norden). Rather than adhering strictly to the type of conceptual models applied in those papers, we have made use of generalized landscape geochemistry models related to the nature of concealment of ore deposits. This study is part of a continuing effort to examine and evaluate geochemical-exploration practices in different areas of the world. Twenty case histories of the application of geochemical exploration in both district and regional settings illustrate recent developments in techniques and approaches. Along with other published reports these case histories, exemplifying generalized models of concealed deposits, provide data used to evaluate geochemical-exploration programs and specific sample media. Because blind deposits are increasingly sought in the Basin and Range Province, the use of new sample media or anomaly-enhancement techniques is a necessity. Analysis of vapors or gases emanating from blind deposits is a promising new technique. Certain fractions of stream sediments show anomalies that are weak or not detected in conventional minus 80-mesh fractions. Multi-element analysis of mineralized bedrock may show zoning patterns that indicate depth or direction of ore. Examples of the application of these and other, more conventional methods are indicated in the case histories. The final section of this paper contains a brief evaluation of the applications of all types of sample media to geochemical exploration in the arid environment of the Basin and Range Province. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T., and McCarthy, J.H., 1978, Conceptual models in exploration geochemistry-The Basin and Range Province of the Western United States and Northern Mexico: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 9, no. 2-3, p. 113-276.","startPage":"113","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9aae4b0c8380cd4d700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":89947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012398,"text":"70012398 - 1978 - Identification and significance of accessory minerals from a bituminous coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T17:43:12.420462","indexId":"70012398","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification and significance of accessory minerals from a bituminous coal","docAbstract":"<p><span>A scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to study the&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;accessory minerals in polished blocks and pellets of petrographically analysed samples of the Waynesburg coal (hvb). Individual grains from the low-temperature ash (LTA) of the same coal were also studied. The visual resolution of the SEM permitted the detection of submicron mineral grains, which could then be analysed by the attached energy-dispersive system. Emphasis was placed on the highly reflective grains in the carbominerite bands. Among the most abundant accessory minerals observed were rutile, zircon, and rare-earth-bearing minerals. Small (1–5 μm) particles of what may be authigenic iron-rich chromite and a nickel silicate form rims on quartz grains. The SEM also permits the observation of grain morphology and mineral intergrowths. These data are useful in determining authigenicity and diagenic alteration. Substances in density splits of LTA include authigenic, detrital, extraterrestrial magnetite, tourmaline, and evaporite (?) minerals, and a fluorine-bearing amphibole. This analytical approach allows the determination of specific sites for many of the trace elements in coals. In the Waynesburg coal, most of the chromium is in the iron-chromium rims, the fluorine is in the amphibole, and the rare-earth elements are in rare-earth-bearing minerals. The ability to relate trace-element data to specific minerals will aid in predicting the behaviour of elements in coal during combustion, liquefaction, gasification, weathering, and leaching processes. This ability also permits insight into the degree of mobility of these elements in coal and provides clues to sedimentological and diagenetic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(78)90135-7","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., and Stanton, R., 1978, Identification and significance of accessory minerals from a bituminous coal: Fuel, v. 57, no. 12, p. 763-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(78)90135-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Waynesburg","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.26310281897143,\n              39.94513567555663\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26310281897143,\n              39.84840840636784\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0660060099735,\n              39.84840840636784\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0660060099735,\n              39.94513567555663\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26310281897143,\n              39.94513567555663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3814e4b0c8380cd61415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012615,"text":"70012615 - 1978 - The use of a paired comparison model in ordering stratigraphic events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:18:07","indexId":"70012615","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of a paired comparison model in ordering stratigraphic events","docAbstract":"<p>Data from lowest and highest occurrence events in several stratigraphic sections are analyzed by means of a paired comparison model with ties. The model produces an estimated relative geochronological ordering of these events. This ordering must be compared with actual observations for revision and interpretation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","doi":"10.1007/BF02048490","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Beaver, R., 1978, The use of a paired comparison model in ordering stratigraphic events: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 261-272, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02048490.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb15de4b08c986b3252f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaver, R.J.","contributorId":35467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaver","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012625,"text":"70012625 - 1978 - Evaluation of Baltazor known geothermal resources area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:06:27","indexId":"70012625","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Baltazor known geothermal resources area, Nevada","docAbstract":"By virtue of the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970, the U.S. Geological Survey is required to appraise geothermal resources of the United States prior to competitive lease sales. This appraisal involves coordinated input from a variety of disciplines, starting with reconnaissance geology and geophysics. This paper describes how the results of several geophysical methods used in KGRA evaluation were interpreted by the authors, two geophysicists, involved with both the Evaluation Committee and the research program responsible for obtaining and interpreting the geophysical data to be used by the committee. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(78)90012-3","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Isherwood, W., and Mabey, D.R., 1978, Evaluation of Baltazor known geothermal resources area, Nevada: Geothermics, v. 7, no. 2-4, p. 221-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90012-3.","startPage":"221","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268143,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90012-3"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c10e4b0c8380cd52a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isherwood, W.F.","contributorId":100123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isherwood","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabey, D. R.","contributorId":15989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012541,"text":"70012541 - 1978 - Velocity anomalies: An alternative explanation based on data from laboratory experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012541","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocity anomalies: An alternative explanation based on data from laboratory experiments","docAbstract":"Locations and velocities were calculated for microseisms occurring in samples of rock subjected to triaxial loading and injection of pore fluid. This was accomplished by analyzing arrival times of acoustic emission using an automatic first arrival picker. Apparent velocity anomalies were observed prior to both failure of intact samples and violent slip in samples containing saw cuts. Further analysis revealed that these fluctuations in calculated velocity were not due to changes in the true seismie velocity. Instead, variations in calculated velocity are shown to be related to sampling errors in picking first arrivals. The systematic picking of late first arrivals for small magnitude events was found to be a persistent bias resulting in low calculated velocities. This has encouraged the reexamination of earthquake records to determine how important sampling biases are in contributing to reported velocity anomalies. ?? 1978 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876537","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1978, Velocity anomalies: An alternative explanation based on data from laboratory experiments: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 116, no. 4-5, p. 765-772, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876537.","startPage":"765","endPage":"772","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876537"},{"id":221955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1f6e4b08c986b32a855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012715,"text":"70012715 - 1978 - Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012715","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1072,"text":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin","docAbstract":"The time variation of the sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction within the pack ice in the Arctic Basin is examined, using microwave images of sea ice recently acquired by the Nimbus-5 spacecraft and the NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory. The images used for these studies were constructed from data acquired from the Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) which records radiation from earth and its atmosphere at a wavelength of 1.55 cm. Data are analyzed for four seasons during 1973-1975 to illustrate some basic differences in the properties of the sea ice during those times. Spacecraft data are compared with corresponding NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory data obtained over wide areas in the Arctic Basin during the Main Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (1975) to illustrate the applicability of passive-microwave remote sensing for monitoring the time dependence of sea-ice concentration (divergence). These observations indicate significant variations in the sea-ice concentration in the spring, late fall and early winter. In addition, deep in the interior of the Arctic polar sea-ice pack, heretofore unobserved large areas, several hundred kilometers in extent, of sea-ice concentrations as low as 50% are indicated. ?? 1978 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00913881","issn":"00068314","usgsCitation":"Gloersen, P., Zwally, H., Chang, A., Hall, D., Campbell, W.J., and Ramseier, R., 1978, Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v. 13, no. 1-4, p. 339-359, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00913881.","startPage":"339","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00913881"},{"id":222095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b7e4b08c986b325f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gloersen, P.","contributorId":55961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloersen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwally, H.J.","contributorId":33847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwally","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, A.T.C.","contributorId":68035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"A.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, W. J.","contributorId":8614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramseier, R.O.","contributorId":98039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramseier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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