Mercury, which is transported globally by atmospheric pathways to remote aquatic environments, is a ubiquitous contaminant at very low (nanograms Hg per liter) aqueous concentrations. Until recently, however, analytical and sampling techniques were not available for freshwater systems to quantify the actual levels of mercury concentrations without introducing significant contamination artifacts. Four different sampling strategies were used to evaluate ground water flow as a mercury source and transport mechanism within aquatic systems. The sampling strategies employ ultraclean techniques to determine mercury concentrations in groundwater and pore water near Pallette Lake, Wisconsin. Ambient groundwater concentrations are about 2–4 ng Hg L−1, whereas pore waters near the sediment/water interface average about 12 ng Hg L−1, emphasizing the importance of biogeochemical processes near the interface. Overall, the groundwater system removes about twice as much mercury (1.5 g yr−1) as it contributes (0.7 g yr−1) to Pallette Lake. About three fourths of the groundwater mercury load is recycled, thought to be derived from the water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR01766","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C., 1992, The role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cycling: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 12, p. 3119-3128, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01766.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3119","endPage":"3128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Pallette Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.61522102355957,\n 46.05840216665799\n ],\n [\n -89.61522102355957,\n 46.074659663982324\n ],\n [\n -89.59393501281738,\n 46.074659663982324\n ],\n [\n -89.59393501281738,\n 46.05840216665799\n ],\n [\n -89.61522102355957,\n 46.05840216665799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067040e4b058f706e5196d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120617,"text":"70120617 - 1992 - Monitoring radionuclide and suspended-sediment transport in the Little Colorado River basin, Arizona and New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T10:05:41","indexId":"70120617","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T09:56:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring radionuclide and suspended-sediment transport in the Little Colorado River basin, Arizona and New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"From July 1988 through September 1991, radionuclide and suspended-sediment transport were monitored in ephemeral streams in the semiarid Little Colorado River basin of Arizona and New Mexico, USA, where in-stream gross-alpha plus gross-beta activities have exceeded Arizona's Maximum Allowable Limit through releases from natural weathering processes and from uranium-mining operations in the Church Rock Mining District, Grants Mineral Belt, New Mexico. Water samples were collected at a network of nine continuous-record streamgauges equipped with microprocessor-based satellite telemetry and automatic water-sampling systems, and six partial-record streamgauges equipped with passive water samplers. 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Consequently, we examined whether chemical ions affected survival of avian cholera organisms in water collected from the Nebraska Rainwater Basin where avian cholera is enzootic. We tested the response of P. multocida to ammonium (NH4), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nitrate (NO3), and ortho-phosphate (PO4) ions individually and in combination using a fractional factorial design divided into 4 blocks. High concentrations of Ca and Mg, singly or in combination, increased survival of P. multocida organisms (P < 0.001). We developed a survival index to predict whether or not specific ponds could be \"problem\" or \"nonproblem\" avian cholera sites based on concentrations of these ions in the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.2307/3808823","usgsCitation":"Price, J., Yandell, B., and Porter, W., 1992, Chemical ions affect survival of avian cholera organisms in pondwater: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 2, p. 274-278, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808823.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57fe4b0c8380cd4c26c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, J.I.","contributorId":50852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yandell, B.S.","contributorId":76267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yandell","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, W.P.","contributorId":39633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006496,"text":"70006496 - 1992 - The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-19T01:01:58","indexId":"70006496","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:57:41","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2105,"text":"Invertebrate Reproduction and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies","docAbstract":"The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has spread rapidly in temperate fresh waters of North America since its introduction into the Great Lakes in 1985 or 1986. It attaches to hard substrates, forming layers, occluding water intakes, encrusting and killing native mussels, filtering algae in competition with other planktivores, and possibly interfering with fish spawning. It reproduces prolifically, suggesting that an approach to its control may be by controlling its reproduction. Previous literature suggests that spawning in bivalves is regulated by both environmental and internal chemical cues. A suggested sequence is that phytoplankton chemicals initially trigger spawning; chemicals associated with gametes provide a species-specific pheromonal positive feedback for spawning; and the response to environmental chemicals is mediated internally by serotonin (5-HT). The role of 5-HT in zebra mussels is under investigation. Both males and females can be induced to spawn by either injection or external application of 5-HT. The response can also be activated by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin, an agonist at 5-HT1A receptors. HPLC analysis has detected 5-HT as the major biogenic amine in both male and female gonads. 5-HT immunocytochemistry demonstrates nerves containing serotonergic fibers innervating gonads of both males and females, with prominent varicosities surrounding the follicles in both sexes. A role of 5-HT in mediating spawning responses in zebra mussels is thus strongly supported. These studies have shown that reproductive behavior of zebra mussels can be modified by outside chemicals, a property that may be exploited for purposes of control.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invertebrate Reproduction and Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Ram, J.L., Fong, P., Croll, R.P., Nichols, S., and Wall, D., 1992, The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), a new pest in North America: reproductive mechanisms as possible targets of control strategies: Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, v. 22, no. 1-3, p. 77-86, https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"22","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1ece4b08c986b3254b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ram, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":33659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, Peter","contributorId":94149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croll, Roger P.","contributorId":83784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croll","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Susan J.","contributorId":48905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wall, Darcie","contributorId":94909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Darcie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70039453,"text":"70039453 - 1992 - 1993 Fiscal Year Water Resources Division Information Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-05T01:01:57","indexId":"70039453","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:24:41","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"1993 Fiscal Year Water Resources Division Information Guide","docAbstract":"This Guide briefly describes the Water Resources Division's mission, program, and organizational structure, and where and how to obtain specific types of hydrologic information. The Guide also contains a listing of addresses, telephone numbers, and office hours for Headquarters, Regional, District, and State offices. For some offices, two addresses are given: the mailing address of the office to which correspondence should be sent and the street address of the office. 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Also included are data for 67 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 91 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 57 measuring sites and 13 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Moshinsky, E., and Pustay, E., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. 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Rainbow trout eggs were injected 24–50 h post-fertilization with 0.2 μl of 50 mM phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes (control) or 0.2 μl of 5–7 graded doses of TCDD incorporated into 50 mM PC liposomes. Injection volume never exceeded 0.6% egg volume. Immediately following injection, the injection site was sealed with Super glue®, resulting in 92–97% of TCDD dose retained by the egg. Following both egg injection and waterborne egg exposure. TCDD toxicity in rainbow trout was manifested by half-hatching mortality but predominantly by sac fry mortality associated with hemorrhages, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema. TCDD LD50s, following injection and waterborne exposure of rainbow trout eggs, were 421 (331–489) and 439 (346–519) pg TCDD/g egg (LD50, 95% fiducial limits), respectively. As in rainbow trout, TCDD toxicity in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) following the same two routes of exposure was manifested by half-hatching mortality but predominantly by sac fry mortality preceded by hemorrhages and yolk sac edema. LD50s, based on the dose of TCDD in lake trout eggs, were 47 (21–65) and 65 (60–71) pg/g following injection and waterborne exposure, respectively. The egg injection method is ideal for assessing the relationship between early life stage mortality in rainbow trout and graded egg doses of individual PCDD, PCDF, or PCB congeners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Walker, M., Hufnagle, L., Clayton, M., and Peterson, R.E., 1992, An egg injection method for assessing early life stage mortality of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 15-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90033-J","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea31e4b0c8380cd486c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, M.K.","contributorId":25637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hufnagle, L.C. Jr.","contributorId":11461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufnagle","given":"L.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, M.K.","contributorId":38365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, R. E.","contributorId":38682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006767,"text":"70006767 - 1992 - Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-25T01:02:00","indexId":"70006767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:38:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","docAbstract":"Recruitment failure is considered to be a major factor contributing to the decline of fish populations in soft, acidic waters; direct mortality of embryo-larval fishes has been postulated as a major cause of the decline. Little is understood of the physiological consequences to embryo-larval fishes of prolonged exposure to soft, acidic waters; however, dysfunction of respiratory and ionoregulatory processes is suspected. In order to evaluate the effects of acid exposure on the respiratory and ionoregulatory systems of developing brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, differences in gill morphology and numbers of chloride cells were compared between groups cf developing embryo-larval fish continuously exposed to moderately hard well water (130.0 mg.l-1 as CaCO3, pH 7.94) or to reconstituted soft, acidic water (4.4 mg.l-1 as CaCO3, pH 5.25) designed to mimic acidic waters of northern Wisconsin acidified lakes. Exposures were maintained for up to 48 days (82 days after fertilization) during critical periods of growth and differentiation of branchial structures. The second right gill arch of each fish was examined for changes in the development of filaments and lamellae and for differences in numbers of chloride cells. Gills of fish that developed in soft, acidic water contained greater numbers of normal and degenerating chloride cells, exhibited hyperplasia of primary epithelium and multiple fusions of adjacent filaments and lamellar epithelium than the gills of control fish. Filament and lamellar lengths and numbers of lamellae per filament were significantly less (P< 0.05) in fish that developed in soft, acidic water than in fish exposed to well water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Conklin, D., Mowbray, R., and Gingerich, W., 1992, Effects of chronic exposure to soft, acidic water on gill development and chloride cell numbers in embryo-larval brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90034-K","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ace4b0c8380cd51376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conklin, D.J.","contributorId":24216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mowbray, R.C.","contributorId":64084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mowbray","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039582,"text":"70039582 - 1992 - Map scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"70039582","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Map scales","docAbstract":"To be most useful, a map must show locations and distances accurately on a sheet of paper of convenient size. This means that everything included in the map ground area, distance, rivers, lakes, roads, and so on must be shown proportionately smaller than it really is. The proportion chosen for a particular map is its scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039582","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Map scales: Monograph, 2 p.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/70039582.","productDescription":"2 p.; maps (col.)","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261099,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039582/report.pdf"},{"id":261100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039582/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4d9be4b0c8380cd6a47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039580,"text":"70039580 - 1992 - Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:21:11","indexId":"70039580","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:36:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands","docAbstract":"What comes to your mind when you think of outdoor recreation? Boating? Camping? Hiking or backpacking? Horse-back riding? Hunting or fishing? Chances are, if you can name an outdoor activity, you can do it on public lands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039580","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Outdoors America: recreational opportunites on public lands: General Information Product, 2 Plates: 24 x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039580.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 24 x 17 inches","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261097,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039580/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":261098,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039580/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"3.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":259587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71aee4b0c8380cd766de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222917,"text":"5222917 - 1992 - Redhead duck behavior on lower Laguna Madre and adjacent ponds of southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5222917","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redhead duck behavior on lower Laguna Madre and adjacent ponds of southern Texas","docAbstract":"Behavior of redheads (Aythya americana) during winter was studied on the hypersaline lower Laguna Madre and adjacent freshwater to brackish water ponds of southern Texas. On Laguna Madre, feeding (46%) and sleeping (37%) were the most common behaviors. Redheads fed more during early morning (64%) than during the rest of the day (40%); feeding activity was negatively correlated with temperature. Redheads fed more often by dipping (58%) than by tipping (25%), diving (16%), or gleaning (0.1%). Water depth was least where they fed by dipping (16 cm), greatest where diving (75 cm), and intermediate where tipping (26 cm). Feeding sequences averaged 5.3 s for dipping, 8.1 s for tipping, and 19.2 s for diving. Redheads usually were present on freshwater to brackish water ponds adjacent to Laguna Madre only during daylight hours, and use of those areas declined as winter progressed. Sleeping (75%) was the most frequent behavior at ponds, followed by preening (10%), swimming (10%), and feeding (0.4%). Because redheads fed almost exclusively on shoalgrass while dipping and tipping in shallow water and shoalgrass meadows have declined in the lower Laguna Madre, proper management of the remaining shoalgrass habitat is necessary to ensure that this area remains the major wintering area for redheads.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, C.A., Custer, T., and Zwank, P., 1992, Redhead duck behavior on lower Laguna Madre and adjacent ponds of southern Texas: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 37, no. 1, p. 65-72.","productDescription":"65-72","startPage":"65","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16402,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3672148","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a30e4b07f02db616c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zwank, P.J.","contributorId":8961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223272,"text":"5223272 - 1992 - Effect of rising sea level on runoff and groundwater discharge to coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"5223272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of rising sea level on runoff and groundwater discharge to coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"Rising sea level can cause an increase in surface runoff from coastal areas by raising the watertable and thus increasing the incidence of saturated soil conditions in low-lying areas. As surface runoff increases, less rainfall will infiltrate into the ground and groundwater discharge to the coast will decrease. The link between sea level rise and runoff is critically dependent on the sensitivity of surface runoff to changes in the elevation of the watertable. A significant relation between the two is demonstrated for a coastal watershed on Cape Cod, where it is estimated that a 10 cm rise in the watertable will increase surface runoff by 70% and decrease groundwater discharge by 20%. Effects on near-shore ecosystems include changes in nutrient fluxes and in the salinity of the sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80106-4","usgsCitation":"Nuttle, W., and Portnoy, J.W., 1992, Effect of rising sea level on runoff and groundwater discharge to coastal ecosystems: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 34, p. 203-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80106-4.","productDescription":"203-212","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16407,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80106-4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuttle, W.K.","contributorId":76268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Portnoy, J. W.","contributorId":31492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portnoy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222918,"text":"5222918 - 1992 - Water depth predicts redhead distribution in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222918","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water depth predicts redhead distribution in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, C.A., 1992, Water depth predicts redhead distribution in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 20, no. 4, p. 420-424.","productDescription":"420-424","startPage":"420","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16401,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222933,"text":"5222933 - 1992 - Determination of hatching date for eggs of black-crowned night-herons, snowy egrets and great egrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5222933","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of hatching date for eggs of black-crowned night-herons, snowy egrets and great egrets","docAbstract":"Flotation of eggs in water and specific gravity of eggs of Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) and Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus) were evaluated as methods to determine date of hatching. Length of incubation and duration of hatching period were also documented for each species. Although species gravity was a better predictor of hatching date than egg flotation, both techniques were imprecise. The regression between specific gravity and the number of days before hatching differed among clutches, but not among eggs within clutches. Specific gravity of eggs predicted hatching data only to within 3.8 d for Snowy Egrets, adn 4.7 d for Black-crowned Night-Herons and Great Egrets. The mean incubation period was 27.3 d for Great Egrets, 23.7 d for Snowy Egrets and 22.8 d for Black-crowned Night-Herons. For all three species, the A egg (first egg laid) had a longer incubation period than the B or C egg. For all three species, the number of days between hatching of A and B eggs was significantly less (median - 1 d) than between hatching of B and C eggs (median = 2 d).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Pendleton, G., and Roach, R., 1992, Determination of hatching date for eggs of black-crowned night-herons, snowy egrets and great egrets: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 145-154.","productDescription":"145-154","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v063n02/p0145-p0154.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roach, R.W.","contributorId":53753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222931,"text":"5222931 - 1992 - Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:34:54","indexId":"5222931","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:53","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Small mammals were live-trapped in pickleweed (Salicornia virginica) habitats near San Francisco Bay, California in order to measure the uptake of several contaminants and to evaluate the potential effects of these contaminants on the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris). Tissues of house mice (Mus musculus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and California voles (Microtus californicus) from nine sites were analyzed for chemical contaminants including mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of contaminants differed significantly among sites and species. Mean concentrations at sites where uptake was greatest were less than maximum means for the same or similar species recorded elsewhere. Harvest mice (Reithrodontomys spp.) were captured only at sites where concentrations of mercury or PCBs were below specific levels in house mice. Additional studies aimed at the protection of the salt marsh harvest mouse are suggested. These include contaminant feeding studies in the laboratory as well as field monitoring of surrogate species and community structure in salt marsh harvest mouse habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212559","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Foerster, K., Marn, C.M., and Hothem, R.L., 1992, Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats at San Francisco Bay, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 389-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212559.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -121.89193725585936,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -121.89193725585936,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foerster, K.S.","contributorId":10753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foerster","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marn, C. M.","contributorId":15131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017288,"text":"70017288 - 1992 - Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:57:24.854706","indexId":"70017288","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications","docAbstract":"A 47- to 60-mm-thick Fe-Mn crust from Horizon Guyot (water depth 1800–1780 m), central Pacific, was used to evaluate the potential of crusts as recorders of Neogene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions. The chemical composition was determined by microprobe for 16 elements from a polished thin section. Three analyses were made per millimeter and averaged to give the composition of each millimeter. The age of the crust was determined by measuring the strontium isotope composition of the crust and comparing it with the Tertiary seawater curve. The crust represents 18.5 m.y. of growth of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The crust is composed of alternating botryoidal and laminated layers. The botryoidal layers formed during the same time intervals that widespread Neogene deep-sea hiatuses were forming in bottom sediments. The botryoidal layers represent growth during times of intensified deepwater flow, whereas the laminated intervals represent more quiescent conditions. The correspondence between the botryoidal layers and the Neogene hiatuses is so strong that we were able to choose a variable growth rate model over a constant growth rate model for the crust. Chemical changes in the crust take two forms. The first is represented by broad changes in the composition defined chiefly by fourth-order polynomial fits to the chemical profiles of each element with depth in the crust. The second is high-frequency changes in composition. The broader changes occurred primarily at about 15, 11.5, 7.4, 6.4, 5.2, and 4.6 Ma, which may correlate with major changes in paleoceanographic circulation and development of ice caps at the poles. The periods of the high-frequency changes may reflect climatic changes that resulted from orbital forcing. These high-frequency changes may correspond to the high-order eccentricity periods of 3.47, 2.04, and 1.31 m.y.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91PA02936","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Bohrson, W., Schulz, M.S., Noble, M., and Clague, D., 1992, Variations in the fine-scale composition of a central Pacific ferromanganese crust: Paleoceanographic implications: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1029/91PA02936.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc18fe4b08c986b32a646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5230219,"text":"5230219 - 1992 - An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:56:36","indexId":"5230219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","docAbstract":"Regression equations that use mensural data to estimate body condition have been developed for several water birds. These equations often have been based on data that represent different sexes, age classes, or seasons, without being adequately tested for intergroup differences. We used proximate carcass analysis of 538 adult and juvenile canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria ) collected during fall migration, winter, and spring migrations in 1975-76 and 1982-85 to test regression methods for estimating body condition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Barzen, J., Lovvorn, J., and Serie, J., 1992, An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds: Biological Report 3, iii, 11 p.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA322754","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barzen, J.A.","contributorId":28939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barzen","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovvorn, J.R.","contributorId":11165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5230222,"text":"5230222 - 1992 - DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T16:10:20","indexId":"5230222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"186","title":"DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., and Delnicki, D., 1992, DUCKDATA; A Bibliographic Data Base for North American Waterfowl (Anatidae) and their Wetland Habitats: Resource Publication 186, iii, 7 p.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delnicki, Don","contributorId":23651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delnicki","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200120,"text":"5200120 - 1992 - Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:47:40","indexId":"5200120","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 25 ; Biological Report 4","title":"Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Diflubenzuron (1(4chlorophenyl)3(2,6difluorobenzoyl)urea), also known as dimilin, is a potent broad spectrum insect growth regulator that interferes with chitin synthesis at time of molting and is effective in controlling immature stages of insects. Diflubenzuron was approved for domestic use in 1976 to control gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), and in 1979 against the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). By 1989 this compound was also registered for domestic use against mosquitos, forest Lepidoptera, mushroom flies, and leaf-eating insect pests of citrus, woody ornamentals, vegetables, and fruit. Diflubenzuron seldom persists for more than a few days in soil and water. When used properly in forest management, it is unlikely to be leached into ground water from the application site. Degradation in water and soil is most rapid when small particle formulations are applied; microorganisms are abundant; and at elevated pH, temperature, and organic loading. Chemical and biological processes initially yield 2,6difluorobenzoic acid and 4chlorophenylurea. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1992, Diflubenzuron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 25 ; Biological Report 4, iii, 36.","productDescription":"iii, 36","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_25_Diflubenzuron.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}