Livestock grazing, a widespread land use in semi-arid systems, is often placed in opposition to the perpetuation of biological soil crusts (“biocrusts”: lichens, mosses, and algal crusts including cyanobacteria) that live on the soil surface and provide ecosystem functions. The composition of biocrusts and vascular plants varies with climate, soils, and disturbance. In general, ruderal mosses and light algal crusts make up greater proportions of biocrusts in the presence of disturbance, although morphogroups of biocrusts respond differently to various disturbances. It is unknown if there are scenarios under which grazing can occur and ruderal components of biocrust could be maintained. We examine the hypothesis that soil surface texture-moisture interactions influence the ability of biocrusts to withstand trampling, reasoning that finer-textured soils are firmer (therefore serving as a better substrate for biocrusts) when dry and that coarser-textured are firmer when wet. We test these relationships within Birds of Prey, National Conservation Area (Boise, Idaho, USA). Results demonstrate two associations of biocrusts, dependent on season of grazing: one dominated by light algal crusts and lichens that frequently occurs with wet season grazing, and a second dominated by tall mosses and cup lichens that frequently occurs with dry season grazing. High cover of the invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum (L.) was observed on sites with coarse-textured soils, and high sand content, that are grazed at relatively high intensities, creating unstable surfaces, and likely putting biocrusts at greater susceptibility to trampling. Results suggest that livestock management that accounts for soil texture and moisture could be used to maintain cover of ruderal biocrusts on fine-textured soils, that are grazed in the dry season, at low intensity. We discuss our findings in the context of managing for species of interest. Our findings are timely as varying the season of grazing is increasingly discussed as a means of favoring desirable native perennial grasses. Although ruderal morphogroups of biocrusts are not interpreted as having equivalent ecosystem functions compared to intact biocrusts, their contributions to soil stability, fertility, hydrology, and weed abatement could increase if they were more intentionally targeted by management.
Ephemeral alluvial streams pose globally significant flood hazards to human habitation in drylands, but sparse data for these regions limit understanding of the character and impacts of extreme flooding. In this study, we document decadal changes in dryland ephemeral channel patterns at two sites in the lower Colorado River Basin (southwestern United States) that were ravaged by extraordinary flash floods in the 1970s: Bronco Creek, Arizona (1971), and Eldorado Canyon, Nevada (1974). We refer to these two floods as ‘fluviomorphic erasure events’, because they produced blank slates for the channels that were gradually moulded by more frequent but much smaller flood events. We studied georectified aerial photos that span ~60 years at each site to show that both study sites recovered to their pre-flood condition after ~25 years. We employ channel network metrics: stream-link area (SLA), geometric braiding index and junction-node density. Each metric decreased during the short-duration extreme flood erasure events. Subsequently, a fluviomorphic trajectory at a decadal tempo returned the channels to pre-flood values. The SLA decreased at rates of 3.6%–4.1% per year in the decade following the floods. The extreme flood events decreased the pre-flood geometric braiding index at the two sites by 56%–68%, and it took 15–24 years for this index to recover to pre-flood values. In contrast, it took 30–35 years for the channels to recover to a uniform pre-flood channel form, as indicated by the spatial distribution of bars and junction nodes. Our results document baseline examples of ephemeral stream channel evolution trajectories, as future climatic change will likely accelerate increases in the magnitudes and frequencies of extreme floods and geomorphic erasure events.
Ediacara-type macrofossils appear as early as ~575 Ma in deep-water facies of the Drook Formation of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and the Nadaleen Formation of Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada. Our ability to assess whether a deep-water origination of the Ediacara biota is a genuine reflection of evolutionary succession, an artifact of an incomplete stratigraphic record, or a bathymetrically controlled biotope is limited by a lack of geochronological constraints and detailed shelf-to-slope transects of Ediacaran continental margins. The Ediacaran Rackla Group of the Wernecke Mountains, NW Canada, represents an ideal shelf-to-slope depositional system to understand the spatiotemporal and environmental context of Ediacara-type organisms' stratigraphic occurrence. New sedimentological and paleontological data presented herein from the Wernecke Mountains establish a stratigraphic framework relating shelfal strata in the Goz/Corn Creek area to lower slope deposits in the Nadaleen River area. We report new discoveries of numerous Aspidella hold-fast discs, indicative of frondose Ediacara organisms, from deep-water slope deposits of the Nadaleen Formation stratigraphically below the Shuram carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in the Nadaleen River area. Such fossils are notably absent in coeval shallow-water strata in the Goz/Corn Creek region despite appropriate facies for potential preservation. The presence of pre-Shuram CIE Ediacara-type fossils occurring only in deep-water facies within a basin that has equivalent well-preserved shallow-water facies provides the first stratigraphic paleobiological support for a deep-water origination of the Ediacara biota. In contrast, new occurrences of Ediacara-type fossils (including juvenile fronds, Beltanelliformis, Aspidella, annulated tubes, and multiple ichnotaxa) are found above the Shuram CIE in both deep- and shallow-water deposits of the Blueflower Formation. Given existing age constraints on the Shuram CIE, it appears that Ediacaran organisms may have originated in the deeper ocean and lived there for up to ~15 million years before migrating into shelfal environments in the terminal Ediacaran. This indicates unique ecophysiological constraints likely shaped the initial habitat preference and later environmental expansion of the Ediacara biota.
Evidence of the widespread occurrence of microplastics throughout our environment and exposure to humans and other organisms over the past decade has led to questions about the possibility of health hazards and mitigation of exposures. This document discusses nanoplastics as well as microplastics (referred to solely as microplastics); the microplastics have a range from 1 micrometer to 5 millimeters (1 μm–5 mm) in length, whereas the nanoplastics are less than 1 μm in length (sidebar ES1).
A myriad of environmental exposure pathways with microplastics to humans and wildlife, including ingestion, inhalation, and bodily absorption, are likely to exist. A growing body of evidence has documented bioaccumulation of microplastics in tissues and organs of humans and wildlife, benthic community effects, and potential nutritional and reproductive effects in some wildlife species. Understanding if or when environmental exposures pose a health risk is complicated by the diversity of microplastic sizes, morphologies, polymer types, and chemicals added during manufacturing or sorbed from the environment; ongoing challenges in analytical methods used to detect, quantify, and characterize microplastics and associated chemicals in our ecosystems; and the fact that ecotoxicological studies regarding microplastics are still in their infancy. Therefore, the study of environmental exposures and potential related health hazards of microplastics to the public and wildlife is a One Health (sidebar ES2) research topic that necessitates integrated science approaches.
A better understanding of the sources, pathways, fate, and biological effects of microplastics has become a priority of the Federal Government, State governments, Tribes, stakeholders, and the public. Examples of Federal and State microplasticfocused legislation and programs to prioritize microplastic research and reduction include the Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015, California Senate Bills 1422 and 1263 (2018), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Trash Free Waters Program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Microplastic and Nanoplastic Metrology project, and Minnesota’s microplastic project. With its unique expertise and capabilities, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is well positioned to help fill some of the most important microplastic science gaps.
This strategic science vision document for microplastics identifies current (2023) microplastic science gaps and prioritizes research relevant to the mission, expertise, and capabilities of the USGS. It is intended for USGS scientists and stakeholders to use as a starting point for planning, prioritizing, and designing collaborative environmental microplastic science. Many of the microplastic science gaps and priorities are scalable, from local to national, and thus, can be made commensurate with available funding and evolving analytical and field tools, laboratory capacity, and stakeholder needs. Current (2023) or future research by academia and other Federal or State agencies, and Tribes may be aimed at some of the same microplastic science gaps identified in this document. Therefore, this document can be used as an information resource to maximize strengths and capabilities and minimize redundancy in communication and collaboration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1521","isbn":"978-1-4113-4554-6","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Baldwin, A.K., Barber, L.B., Blazer, V.S., Corsi, S.R., Duris, J.W., Fisher, S.C., Focazio, M., Janssen, S.E., Jasmann, J.R., Kolpin, D.W., Kraus, J.M., Lane, R.F., Lee, M.E., McSwain, K.B., Oden, T.D., Reilly, T.J., and Spanjer, A.R., 2024, Integrated science for the study of microplastics in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1521, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1521.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149474","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499074,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428169,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1521/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1521 HTML"},{"id":428170,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/cir1521.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"CIR 1521 XML"},{"id":428171,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/images/"},{"id":428167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":428168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/cir1521.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1521 PDF"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Environmental Health Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The US Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Models (NSHMs) are used to calculate earthquake ground-shaking intensities for design and rehabilitation of structures in the United States. The most recent 2014 and 2018 versions of the NSHM for the conterminous United States included major updates to ground-motion models (GMMs) for active and stable crustal tectonic settings; however, the subduction zone GMMs were largely unchanged. With the recent development of the next generation attenuation-subduction (NGA-Sub) GMMs, and recent progress in the utilization of “M9” Cascadia earthquake simulations, we now have access to improved models of ground shaking in the US subduction zones and the Seattle basin. The new NGA-Sub GMMs support multi-period response spectra calculations. They provide global models and regional terms specific to Cascadia and terms that account for deep-basin effects. This article focuses on the updates to subduction GMMs for implementation in the 2023 NSHM and compares them to the GMMs of previous NSHMs. Individual subduction GMMs, their weighted averages, and their impact on the estimated mean hazard relative to the 2018 NSHM are discussed. The updated logic trees include three of the new NGA-Sub GMMs and retain two older models to represent epistemic uncertainty in both the median and standard deviation of ground-shaking intensities at all periods of interest. Epistemic uncertainty is further represented by a three-point logic tree for the NGA-Sub median models. Finally, in the Seattle region, basin amplification factors are adjusted at long periods based on the state-of-the-art M9 Cascadia earthquake simulations. The new models increase the estimated mean hazard values at short periods and short source-to-site distances for interface earthquakes, but decrease them otherwise, relative to the 2018 NSHM. On softer soils, the new models cause decreases to the estimated mean hazard for long periods in the Puget Lowlands basin but increases within the deep Seattle portion of this basin for short periods relative to the 2018 NSHM.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","doi":"10.1177/87552930241243069","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Powers, P.M., Altekruse, J.M., Ahdi, S.K., Petersen, M.D., Shumway, A., Frankel, A.D., Wirth, E.A., Smith, J.A., Moschetti, M.P., Withers, K., and Herrick, J.A., 2024, The 2023 U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model: Subduction ground motion models: Earthquake Spectra, v. 41, no. 3, p. 1739-1786, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241243069.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1786","ipdsId":"IP-155768","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241243069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":238513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. 0000-0003-2124-6184 pmpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6184","contributorId":176814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altekruse, Jason M. 0000-0002-8798-9514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-9514","contributorId":291308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altekruse","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahdi, Sean Kamran 0000-0003-0274-5180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-5180","contributorId":265143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahdi","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Kamran","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shumway, Allison 0000-0003-1142-7141 ashumway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-7141","contributorId":147862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"Allison","email":"ashumway@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wirth, Erin A. 0000-0002-8592-4442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4442","contributorId":207853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, James Andrew 0000-0002-5565-9254 jimsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-9254","contributorId":332933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"jimsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Withers, Kyle 0000-0001-7863-3930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3930","contributorId":203492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Herrick, Julie A. 0000-0003-0682-760X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-760X","contributorId":243649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Julie","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":945380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70254788,"text":"70254788 - 2024 - Prototyping structured decision making for water resource management in the San Francisco Bay-Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T12:10:31.334355","indexId":"70254788","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-02T07:06:36","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prototyping structured decision making for water resource management in the San Francisco Bay-Delta","docAbstract":"A structured decision making (SDM) approach can help evaluate tradeoffs between conservation and human-benefit objectives by fostering communication and knowledge transfer among stakeholders, decision makers, and the public. However, the process is iterative and completing the full process may take years. It can be difficult to initiate an SDM effort when problems seem insurmountable. Occasionally, SDM may not even be the best or correct approach for addressing the conservation problem at hand. We describe the implementation of an SDM process to help inform difficult decisions related to competing objectives. We convened a diverse stakeholder group from the largest estuary in the western United States; the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta). The stakeholder group consisted of representatives from local, state, and federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and recreational fishers. The stakeholder group agreed on a problem statement and identified four priority objectives related to Chinook salmon, delta smelt, water availability and reliability, and agricultural water use. Furthermore, they proposed 14 candidate management actions to achieve their objectives. The group then used existing quantitative models and data to evaluate trade-offs in proposed management actions to identify areas of agreement of proposed candidate actions. The clear communication of the problem statement and objectives among the stakeholder group, along with evaluation of tradeoffs and uncertainty via decision-support models suggest that a full SDM approach may work in the Bay-Delta. We further communicate lessons learned during our implementation of SDM to help guide future SDM efforts in the region and elsewhere.
Lead poisoning is an important global conservation problem for many species of wildlife, especially raptors. Despite the increasing number of individual studies and regional reviews of lead poisoning of raptors, it has been over a decade since this information has been compiled into a comprehensive global review. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge of lead poisoning of raptors, we review developments in manufacturing of non-lead ammunition, the use of which can reduce the most pervasive source of lead these birds encounter, and we compile data on voluntary and regulatory mitigation options and their associated sociological context. We support our literature review with case studies of mitigation actions, largely provided by the conservation practitioners who study or manage these efforts. Our review illustrates the growing awareness and understanding of lead exposure of raptors, and it shows that the science underpinning this understanding has expanded considerably in recent years. We also show that the political and social appetite for managing lead ammunition appears to vary substantially across administrative regions, countries, and continents. Improved understanding of the drivers of this variation could support more effective mitigation of lead exposure of wildlife. This review also shows that mitigation strategies are likely to be most effective when they are outcome driven, consider behavioural theory, local cultures, and environmental conditions, effectively monitor participation, compliance, and levels of raptor exposure, and support both environmental and human health.
We develop basin-depth-scaling models (i.e. “basin terms”) from the long-period (T≥2s) simulated ground motions of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) CyberShake project for use in seismic hazard analyses at sites within the sedimentary basins of southern California. Basin terms use the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West-2 ground-motion models (GMMs) as reference models and use their functional forms with slight modifications. We investigate the use of two approaches to incorporate the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) in these calculations and find that the use of site-specific and uniform VS30 has minor effects on the resulting basin terms for this data set. By centering the simulated ground motions on the basin terms, we separate the information from the simulations about absolute ground-motion level from information relating to the relative amplifications, such as the differences between shallow- and deep-basin sites. Recent observations from sedimentary basins of southern California indicate that additional amplification effect may persist at relatively shallow basin depths (i.e. the GMM basin terms should have positive values when differential depths, δZ1, are near zero), and we present models for “centered” and “adjusted” basin-depth scaling models that reflect this potential. The simulation-modified GMMs are appropriate for crustal sources and for deep-basin sites (δZ1>0) within basins of the Greater Los Angeles region, for the magnitudes and distances defined by each of the reference NGA-West-2 GMMs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1177/87552930241232372","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., Thompson, E.M., and Withers, K., 2024, Basin effects from 3D simulated ground motions in the Greater Los Angeles region for use in seismic-hazard analyses: Earthquake Spectra, v. 40, no. 2, p. 1042-1065, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241232372.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1065","ipdsId":"IP-158956","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241232372","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Greater Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.94149918428957,\n 34.32364441847551\n ],\n [\n -117.43918255359767,\n 33.188428269892825\n ],\n [\n -116.44515493576301,\n 34.234161392994224\n ],\n [\n -119.42762588538866,\n 35.4271042958259\n ],\n [\n -119.94149918428957,\n 34.32364441847551\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Withers, Kyle 0000-0001-7863-3930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3930","contributorId":203492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70254491,"text":"70254491 - 2024 - Living with wildfire in Stemilt Basin, Chelan County, Washington: 2022 Data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T15:46:55.450973","indexId":"70254491","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T10:41:57","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":72,"text":"Research Note","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-RN-101","title":"Living with wildfire in Stemilt Basin, Chelan County, Washington: 2022 Data report","docAbstract":"Homeowner wildfire risk mitigation and preparedness are important components of community wildfire readiness. This report presents data collected via rapid wildfire risk assessments to describe the parcel-level wildfire risk of properties within the Stemilt basin, Chelan County, Washington study area. The report also describes household survey data collected from homeowners in the study area, including their perspectives on wildfire risk, outreach preferences, mitigation and preparedness activities, and perceptions of community risk reduction strategies. Results may inform the wildfire risk outreach and programmatic efforts of the local fire department.
","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station","doi":"10.2737/RMRS-RN-101","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, J., Champ, P.A., Wittenbrink, S., Donovan, C., Heard, H., Brenkert-Smith, H., Meldrum, J., Barth, C.M., Wagner, C., and Forrester, C., 2024, Living with wildfire in Stemilt Basin, Chelan County, Washington: 2022 Data report: Research Note RMRS-RN-101, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-RN-101.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159786","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Chelan County","otherGeospatial":"Stemilt Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.30174517301478,\n 47.37293634548047\n ],\n [\n -120.30174517301478,\n 47.311752433512765\n ],\n [\n -120.16830704366475,\n 47.311752433512765\n ],\n [\n -120.16830704366475,\n 47.37293634548047\n ],\n [\n -120.30174517301478,\n 47.37293634548047\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Julia 0000-0002-2229-5685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5685","contributorId":295471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Julia","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":901577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wittenbrink, Suzanne","contributorId":333353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wittenbrink","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donovan, Colleen","contributorId":240586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heard, Hilary","contributorId":336959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heard","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80924,"text":"Wenatchee Valley Fire Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":901581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":901582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":901583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wagner, Carolyn","contributorId":240587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Forrester, Chiara","contributorId":328660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forrester","given":"Chiara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70257455,"text":"70257455 - 2024 - A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-06T17:36:38.170712","indexId":"70257455","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T10:26:15","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7183,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems","docAbstract":"Diadromous fishes migrate between marine and fresh waters for reproduction. For anadromous species, which spawn in freshwater, improved access to freshwater spawning and nursery habitats and ability of juveniles to emigrate to the ocean may support population recovery. Despite the potentially enormous influence of early life stage survival on adult population size, managers and scientists have limited capacity to assess numbers of juvenile anadromous fishes leaving freshwater ecosystems. Such data are critical for evaluating reproductive success and habitat suitability and have been identified as a top priority in anadromous fish research and management. We developed a state-of-the-art underwater video and computational system to collect videos to estimate abundances and migration timing for juvenile river herring (Alosa pseudoharengus; Alosa aestivalis). We collected continuous video in the Monument River (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA) from June to November 2017. We trained three types of neural network models to detect and count fish in video frames and evaluated model performance by comparing human counts to model outputs. Our top model assessed presence and absence (F1 = 87%) and counted fish (counting error 9.4%) with an accuracy comparable to human counters (F1 = 88%). Our system's capability to collect accurate counts of emigrating juveniles will provide critical information that could be related to the numbers of spawning adults, system-specific productivity, and spawning and nursery habitat suitability. Both the video collection system and computational model may be transferrable to other sites and for other species where tracking juvenile emigration may inform management efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10607","usgsCitation":"Marjadi, M., Batchelder, S., Govostes, R., Roy, A.H., Sheppard, J.J., Slocombe, M., and Llopiz, J.K., 2024, A video monitoring and computational system for estimating migratory juvenile fish abundance in river systems: Limnology and Oceanography Methods, v. 22, no. 5, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10607.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","ipdsId":"IP-153977","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Bourne","otherGeospatial":"Monument River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.776303905697034\n ],\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.73753363601219\n ],\n [\n -70.46626157712495,\n 41.73753363601219\n ],\n [\n -70.46626157712495,\n 41.776303905697034\n ],\n [\n -70.64760395310527,\n 41.776303905697034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marjadi, Meghna N.","contributorId":342885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marjadi","given":"Meghna N.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batchelder, Sidney","contributorId":342893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batchelder","given":"Sidney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govostes, Ryan","contributorId":343989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Govostes","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheppard, John J.","contributorId":342890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39892,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slocombe, Meghan-Grace","contributorId":342888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slocombe","given":"Meghan-Grace","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Llopiz, Joel K.","contributorId":317780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Llopiz","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13294,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70257235,"text":"70257235 - 2024 - Assessing bridges, culverts, and tunnels for bat presence and use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-28T14:45:38.695616","indexId":"70257235","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T09:43:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessing bridges, culverts, and tunnels for bat presence and use","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Schuhmann, A.N., Straw, B., Tousley, F., Price, H., Morris, K.M., Pattavina, L., McWilliams, R., and Reichert, B., 2024, Assessing bridges, culverts, and tunnels for bat presence and use, 37 p.","productDescription":"37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162337","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nabatmonitoring.org/quicklinks"},{"id":433248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuhmann, Andrea Nichole 0009-0005-8244-4303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8244-4303","contributorId":329059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuhmann","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"Nichole","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straw, Bethany R. 0000-0001-9086-4600","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-4600","contributorId":271020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straw","given":"Bethany","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tousley, Frank","contributorId":329058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tousley","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78571,"text":"Colorado National Heritage Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Haley","contributorId":342139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Haley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37768,"text":"USGS Contractor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, Katrina M.","contributorId":267212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36378,"text":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pattavina, Laci","contributorId":342142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pattavina","given":"Laci","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McWilliams, Robin","contributorId":342144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWilliams","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":204260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70262171,"text":"70262171 - 2024 - Effects of insecticide spray drift on arthropod prey resources of birds in grasslands in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T16:40:01.388437","indexId":"70262171","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T09:35:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of insecticide spray drift on arthropod prey resources of birds in grasslands in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) insecticides are used throughout the Upper Midwest and Great Plains regions of North America, including the farmland region of Minnesota, USA, to combat insect pests. These broad-spectrum, foliar spray insecticides have the potential to drift beyond target fields into nearby grassland cover where birds and other insectivores forage. Arthropods serve important roles in grassland ecology and are susceptible to mortality and sublethal effects from exposure to these pesticides. Our objective was to assess effects of soybean aphid insecticides on grassland arthropods, especially those that are important in grassland bird diets. We measured the abundance, consumable biomass, and family richness of insects and spiders in grasslands adjacent to soybean fields in an agricultural landscape. Soybean fields were treated with chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, which were the 2 most common foliar pesticides used to control soybean aphids in Minnesota. We compared measures at focal sites to samples collected at reference sites adjacent to corn fields not sprayed for aphids during 3 periods in mid-to-late summer: 1–3 days before spraying, 3–5 days post-spraying, and 19–21 days post-spraying. The abundance of arthropods in focal grasslands was lower 3–5 days after pesticide applications. Coleoptera family richness at focal sites was also lower than at reference sites 3–5 days after pesticide applications. These measures 19–21 days after application were similar to pre-spraying levels, indicating that arthropod populations rebounded during this period. Measures of consumable dry biomass, bird prey abundance, bird prey biomass, family richness of Araneae, family richness of Hemiptera, and family richness of Orthoptera were not different between focal and reference sites after spraying. Our results reveal that reductions in arthropod food abundance for grassland birds are associated with pesticide applications up to 5 days after spraying. We suggest that natural resource managers factor proximity to row crop fields and susceptibility to pesticide drift into decisions about where to add grassland cover to landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22572","usgsCitation":"Goebel, K., Andersen, D.E., Rice, P., and Davros, N., 2024, Effects of insecticide spray drift on arthropod prey resources of birds in grasslands in Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 4, e22572, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22572.","productDescription":"e22572, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139158","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":27,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA 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2024 - Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:00:46.293627","indexId":"70267511","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T08:52:05","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18517,"text":"Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/SR—2024/113","title":"Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","docAbstract":"A recent study in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT) indicated that dogs were a primary source of fecal contamination in the Chattahoochee River and that at least some of the contamination in the river was coming from locations outside of CHAT. The study herein sought to determine if dog parks in the CHAT watershed were sources of dog fecal contamination in streams within the watershed. Escherichia coli (E. coli) data were compiled from the Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Neighborhood Water Watch (NWW) program for sites within the CHAT watershed. Information about dog park locations within the Atlanta metropolitan area was compiled through online searches. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, forward stepwise linear regression, and Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relations between seasonal E. coli levels (E. coli concentration and the proportion of samples that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beach action value [BAV]) and dog parks within the drainage basins. NWW sites with dog parks within the drainage basins had higher E. coli concentrations in the summer and winter, and samples exceeded the BAV more frequently in the winter than sites without dog parks within the drainage basins. Escherichia coli levels in the summer and winter were positively correlated with the number of dog parks within the drainage basins, indicating that E. coli concentrations and the frequency of BAV exceedances were seasonally higher at sites with more dog parks than at sites with fewer dog parks within the drainage basins. Escherichia coli concentrations in the summer were negatively correlated with distance to the nearest dog park in the drainage basin, indicating that sites with at least one dog park in close proximity had higher E. coli concentrations in the summer than sites for which the closest dog park was more distantly located. However, results of this study may have been influenced by the high degree of spatial autocorrelation in the data caused by overlapping drainage basins. Additionally, E. coli occurs in the gut systems of many species, so concentrations of E. coli may not represent levels of dog fecal contamination. Dog waste in residential yards and neighborhoods is a possible source of contamination in the watershed that could be investigated in future studies on sources of fecal contamination in the CHAT watershed. Utilizing dog-specific genetic markers in future studies would help reduce ambiguity in data interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","doi":"10.36967/2302755","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McKee, A., and Couch, A., 2024, Land use and dog park associations with Escherichia coli in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed: Science Report NPS/SR—2024/113, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.36967/2302755.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135638","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.9,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -84.6,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -84.6,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -83.9,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -83.9,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, A.M. 0000-0003-2790-5320","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-5320","contributorId":334968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couch, Ann M.","contributorId":355960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Couch","given":"Ann M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70253577,"text":"70253577 - 2024 - Abundance of Long-billed Curlews on military lands in the Columbia Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T13:49:39.165904","indexId":"70253577","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T08:44:10","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of Long-billed Curlews on military lands in the Columbia Basin","docAbstract":"Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus) are declining throughout North America, and the loss of grassland breeding habitat is one of the primary threats to the species. Intermountain West, in particular, has been identified as the most important region in North America for breeding curlews. Nevertheless, the density and abundance of Long-billed Curlews in this region is not well understood. Lands managed for military training can provide habitat for wildlife species of conservation concern, and increasingly these lands are becoming relevant to sustaining biodiversity. We conducted point count surveys of Long-billed Curlews on Department of Defense lands in the Columbia Basin near Boardman, Oregon, USA during two consecutive breeding seasons. We used multinomial-Poisson mixture models to estimate detection probability and density of curlews and to investigate environmental correlates of those metrics. Mean detection probability at a distance of 400 m was 0.45 and 0.61 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In 2015, the clarity of skies increased detection probability, but in 2016, none of the variables we measured influenced detection probability. Mean predicted density was 3.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.4–4.7) and 1.8 (1.2–2.7) curlews/km² in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In both years, curlew density was higher in lower-elevation or topographically smoother areas. Estimated abundance of curlews in the study area was 639 (456–912) and 350 (237–520) birds in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The number of curlews appeared to fluctuate across the two years of our study, a demographic trend that may have been influenced by a wildfire in our study area in June 2015. The results of our study indicate that federal grasslands, including areas where military operations are conducted, can provide conservation benefit to breeding Long-billed Curlews.
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Leah Marschall 0000-0002-4478-1836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-1836","contributorId":297144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salditch","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"Marschall","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallahue, Molly M.","contributorId":263448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallahue","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":263457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neely, James S.","contributorId":263454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman A.","contributorId":45202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman A.","affiliations":[{"id":13174,"text":"Pacific Gas & Electric","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70264790,"text":"70264790 - 2024 - Evaluation of chronic effects of potassium chloride and nickel on survival, growth, and reproduction of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-24T15:17:04.880475","indexId":"70264790","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T08:10:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of chronic effects of potassium chloride and nickel on survival, growth, and reproduction of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea)","docAbstract":"The ASTM International standard test method for freshwater mussels (E2455‐13) recommends 4‐week toxicity testing with juveniles to evaluate chronic effects on survival and growth. However, concerns remain that the method may not adequately address the sensitivity of mussels to longer term exposures (>4 weeks), particularly in relation to potential reproductive impairments. No standard method directly evaluates toxicant effects on mussel reproduction. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate toxicity endpoints related to reproduction in fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) using two common reference toxicants, potassium chloride (KCl) and nickel (Ni); (2) evaluate the survival and growth of juvenile fatmucket in standard 4‐week and longer term (12‐week) KCl and Ni tests following a method refined from the standard method; and (3) compare the sensitivity of the reproductive endpoints with the endpoints obtained from the juvenile mussel tests. Reproductive toxicity tests were conducted by first exposing female fatmucket brooding mature larvae (glochidia) to five test concentrations of KCl and Ni for 6 weeks. Subsamples of the glochidia were then removed from the adults to determine three reproductive endpoints: (1) the viability of brooded glochidia; (2) the viability of free glochidia in a 24‐h exposure to the same toxicant concentrations as their mother; and (3) the success of glochidia parasitism on host fish. Mean viability of brooded glochidia was significantly reduced in the high KCl concentration (26 mg K/L) relative to the control, with a 20% effect concentration (EC20) of 14 mg K/L, but there were no significant differences between the control and any Ni treatment (EC20 > 95 µg Ni/L). The EC20s for viability of free glochidia after the additional 24‐h exposure and parasitism success were similar to the EC20s of brooded glochidia. The EC20s based on the most sensitive biomass endpoint in the 4‐week juvenile tests were 15 mg K/L and 91 µg Ni/L, similar to or greater than the EC20s from the reproductive KCl and Ni tests, respectively. When exposure duration in the juvenile tests was extended from 4 to 12 weeks, the EC20s decreased by more than 50% in the KCl test but by only 8% in the Ni test. Overall, these results indicate that a standard 4‐week test with juvenile mussels can prove effective for estimating effects in chronic exposures with different life stages although a longer term 12‐week exposure with juvenile mussels may reveal higher sensitivity of mussels to some toxicants, such as KCl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1002/etc.5843","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Kunz, J.L., Cleveland, D.M., Dorman, R.A., Steevens, J.A., Raimondo, S., Augspurger, T., and Barnhart, M., 2024, Evaluation of chronic effects of potassium chloride and nickel on survival, growth, and reproduction of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1097-1111, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5843.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1111","ipdsId":"IP-159141","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11215799","text":"External Repository"},{"id":483717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, Danielle M. 0000-0003-3880-4584 dcleveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-4584","contributorId":187471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Danielle","email":"dcleveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorman, Rebecca A. 0000-0002-5748-7046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7046","contributorId":28522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steevens, Jeffery A. 0000-0003-3946-1229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-1229","contributorId":207511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steevens","given":"Jeffery","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raimondo, Sandy","contributorId":150748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raimondo","given":"Sandy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18090,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Augspurger, Tom","contributorId":189894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnhart, M. Christopher","contributorId":189301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M. Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70257438,"text":"70257438 - 2024 - Regional seismic velocity model for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains based on measured shear wave velocity, sediment thickness, and surface geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-16T12:24:55.911749","indexId":"70257438","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-01T07:23:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional seismic velocity model for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains based on measured shear wave velocity, sediment thickness, and surface geology","docAbstract":"The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (CPs) are characterized by widespread accumulations of low-velocity sediments and sedimentary rock that overlay high-velocity bedrock. Geology and sediment thickness greatly influence seismic wave propagation, but current regional ground motion amplification and seismic hazard models include limited characterization of these site conditions. In this study, a new regional seismic velocity model for the CPs is created by integrating shear wave velocity (VS) measurements, surface geology, and a sediment thickness model recently developed for the CPs. A reference rock VS of 3000 m/s has been assumed at the bottom of the sedimentary columns, which corresponds to the base of Cretaceous and Mesozoic sediments underlying the Atlantic CP and the Gulf CP, respectively. Measured VS profiles located throughout the CPs are sorted into five geologic groups of varying age, and median VS profiles are developed for each group by combining measured VS values within layer thicknesses defined by an assumed layering ratio. Statistical analyses are also conducted to test the appropriateness of the selected groups. A power law model with geology-informed coefficients is used to extend the median velocity models beyond the depths where measured data were available. The median VS profiles provide reasonable agreement with other generic models applicable for the region, but they also incorporate new information that enables more advanced characterizations of site response at regional scales and their effective incorporation into seismic hazard models and building codes. The proposed median velocity profiles can be assigned within a grid-based model of the CPs according to the spatial distribution of geologic units at the surface.
The Statewide (formerly Southern) California Earthquake Center (SCEC) conducts multidisciplinary earthquake system science research that aims to develop predictive models of earthquake processes, and to produce accurate seismic hazard information that can improve societal preparedness and resiliency to earthquake hazards. As part of this program, SCEC has developed the CyberShake platform, which calculates physics-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) models for regions with high-quality seismic velocity and fault models. The CyberShake platform implements a sophisticated computational workflow that includes over 15 individual codes written by 6 developers. These codes are heterogeneous, ranging from short-running high-throughput serial CPU codes to large, long-running, parallel GPU codes. Additionally, CyberShake simulation campaigns are computationally extensive, typically producing tens of terabytes of meaningful scientific data and metadata over several months of around-the-clock execution on leadership-class supercomputers. To meet the needs of the CyberShake platform, we have developed an extreme-scale workflow stack, including the Pegasus Workflow Management System, HTCondor, Globus, and custom tools. We present this workflow software stack and identify how the CyberShake platform and supporting tools enable us to meet a variety of challenges that come with large-scale simulations, such as automated remote job submission, data management, and verification and validation. This platform enabled us to perform our most recent simulation campaign, CyberShake Study 22.12, from December 2022 to April 2023. During this time, our workflow tools executed approximately 32,000 jobs, and used up to 73% of the Summit system at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. Our workflow tools managed about 2.5 PB of total temporary and output data, and automatically staged 19 million output files totaling 74 TB back to archival storage on the University of Southern California's Center for Advanced Research Computing systems, including file-based relational data and large binary files to efficiently store millions of simulated seismograms. CyberShake extreme-scale workflows have generated simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard models that are being used by seismological, engineering, and governmental communities.
The City of Santa Fe is well known for arts, food, and architecture, but it also faces significant risk of wildfire. In 2020, the City of Santa Fe partnered with the Wildfire Research (WiRē) team with the goal of better understanding the needs of residents within the study area and their level of support for wildfire risk mitigation programs. The resulting project centers on two types of property-level data: rapid wildfire risk assessment data and household survey data. We followed the WiRē Rapid Wildfire Risk Assessment (WiRē RA) protocol, which measures parcel-level risk as the sum of a set of 13 attributes related to access to the property, background fuels and topography, vegetation near the home, and building materials. This report summarizes the results of the study. Overall, the study indicated a community that was engaged in preparing for wildfire yet had more that could be done to reduce its risk. Common architectural styles led to generally hardened structures, and respondents reported many risk reduction activities, yet most properties were found to have significant vulnerabilities related to limited defensible space and combustible materials near and attached to dwellings. Although many survey respondents did not perceive these same vulnerabilities on their own properties, survey results nonetheless demonstrated widespread interest for programs intended to reduce wildfire risk at the landscape, community, and individual parcel scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/RMRS-RN-100","collaboration":"University of Colorado Boulder; USDA Forest Service; US Bureau of Land Management; Wildfire Research Center; City of Santa Fe Fire Department;","usgsCitation":"Meldrum, J., Goolsby, J., Donovan, C., Chavarria, P., Brenkert-Smith, H., Champ, P.A., Barth, C.M., Wagner, C., and Forrester, C., 2024, Living with wildfire in Santa Fe: 2021 Data Report, vi, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-RN-100.","productDescription":"vi, 129 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151122","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Santa Fe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.20917035033075,\n 35.865692275877464\n ],\n [\n -106.20917035033075,\n 35.495722964140384\n ],\n [\n -105.7590622451222,\n 35.495722964140384\n ],\n [\n -105.7590622451222,\n 35.865692275877464\n ],\n [\n -106.20917035033075,\n 35.865692275877464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Julia 0000-0002-2229-5685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5685","contributorId":295471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Julia","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Colleen","contributorId":240586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chavarria, Porfirio","contributorId":336691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chavarria","given":"Porfirio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80830,"text":"City of Santa Fe Fire Departments","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wagner, Carolyn","contributorId":240587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Forrester, Chiara","contributorId":328660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forrester","given":"Chiara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}