{"pageNumber":"1730","pageRowStart":"43225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184626,"records":[{"id":70040338,"text":"70040338 - 2011 - Survey of invasive ants at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:46:32","indexId":"70040338","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-027","title":"Survey of invasive ants at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a survey for invasive ants at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai&lsquo;i Island, during 2009&ndash;2010 to evaluate potential threats to native arthropod communities and food webs. The focal area of the survey was the upper portion of the Hakalau Unit of the refuge, where native forest was being restored in abandoned cattle pastures. This area, between 1575 and 1940 m elevations, contained much alien kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), but koa (Acacia koa) trees and other native species that were planted in the past 20 years were rapidly filling in the pasture. We surveyed for ants at predetermined points along roads, fences, and corridors of planted koa. Sampling methods primarily consisted of hand searching and pitfall traps, but bait cards were used additionally in some instances. Our results indicated that a single species, Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi, was widespread across the upper portion of the refuge. Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi seemed absent, or at least rare, in areas of tall, dense grass. Due to the undulating topography of the area, however, the dense grass cover was interspersed with outcroppings of exposed, gravelly soil. Presumably due to warming by the sun, many of the outcropped habitats supported colonies of C. kagutsuchi. We did not detect ants in the old-growth forest below the abandoned pastures, presumably because microhabitat conditions under the forest canopy were unsuitable. Although ecological impacts of C. kagutsuchi have not been reported, they may be limited by the small size of the ant, the relatively small size of colonies, and the apparent preference of the ant for disturbed areas that are dominated by alien species. Notably, our survey of Keanakolu-Mana Road between the Observatory Road (John A. Burns Way) and the town of Waimea detected a population of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) approximately 5.1 km north of the Maulua Section of the refuge. We also surveyed for ants on the Kona Forest Unit of the refuge. This small survey focused on approximately 14 km of roads located below about 1600 m elevation. We found two species, Solenopsis papuana and Nylanderia bourbonica. Solenopsis papuana was more widespread, being found along the southern, northern, and western boundaries, while N. bourbonica was detected only at 790 m elevation on the southern boundary. Of the two species, S. papuana seemed more likely to affect native arthropod communities due to its tendency to form relatively large, aggressive colonies and its ability to inhabit intact mesic and wet forests below 1100 m elevation. In contrast, the restriction of N. bourbonica to disturbed habitats indicated a reduced threat to native arthropod communities. Our results on the Kona Forest Unit corroborated those of a study conducted during 1999&ndash;2000, although the earlier study was more intensive over time and yielded small numbers of two additional species, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii and Tetramorium bicarinatum, both of which were detected below 792 m elevation along the southern boundary.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Peck, R.W., and Banko, P.C., 2011, Survey of invasive ants at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: Technical Report HCSU-027, iii., 22 p.","productDescription":"iii., 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032917","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  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,{"id":70044886,"text":"70044886 - 2011 - Mineral resource of the month: tin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T17:37:57","indexId":"70044886","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: tin","docAbstract":"Tin was one of the earliest-known metals. Because of its hardening effect on copper, tin was used in bronze implements as early as 3500 B.C. Bronze, a copper-tin alloy that can be sharpened and is hard enough to retain a cutting edge, was used during the Bronze Age in construction tools as well as weapons for hunting and war. The geographical separation between tin-producing and tin-consuming nations greatly influenced the patterns of early trade routes. Historians think that as early as 1500 B.C., Phoenicians traveled by sea to the Cornwall district of England to obtain tin. The pure metal was not used unalloyed until about 600 B.C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Carlin, J.F., 2011, Mineral resource of the month: tin: Earth, v. 56, no. 11, p. 21-21.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"21","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032230","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agiweb.org/store/library/imprint.php?id=2011_11"}],"volume":"56","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5151720be4b087909f0bbef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlin, James F. Jr. jcarlin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jcarlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193148,"text":"70193148 - 2011 - Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of Lesser Snow Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:56:59","indexId":"70193148","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of Lesser Snow Geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying the spatial genetic structure of highly vagile species of birds is important in predicting their degree of population demographic and genetic independence during changing environmental conditions, and in assessing their abundance and distribution. In the western Arctic, Lesser Snow Geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) provide an example useful for evaluating spatial population genetic structure and the relative contribution of male and female philopatry to breeding and wintering locales. We analyzed biparentally inherited microsatellite loci and maternally inherited mtDNA sequences from geese breeding at Wrangel Island (Russia) and Banks Island (Canada) to estimate gene flow among populations whose geographic overlap during breeding and winter differ. Significant differences in the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes contrast with the homogeneity of allele frequencies for microsatellite loci. Coalescence simulations revealed high variability and asymmetry between males and females in rates and direction of gene flow between populations. Our results highlight the importance of wintering areas to demographic independence and spatial genetic structure of these populations. Male-mediated gene flow among the populations on northern Wrangel Island, southern Wrangel Island, and Banks Island has been substantial. A high rate of female-mediated gene flow from southern Wrangel Island to Banks Island suggests that population exchange can be achieved when populations winter in a common area. Conversely, when birds from different breeding populations do not share a common wintering area, the probability of population exchange is likely to be dramatically reduced.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.100009","usgsCitation":"Shorey, R.I., Scribner, K.T., Kanefsky, J., Samuel, M.D., and Libants, S.V., 2011, Intercontinental gene flow among western arctic populations of Lesser Snow Geese: The Condor, v. 113, no. 4, p. 735-746, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"746","ipdsId":"IP-018233","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107bbe4b06e28e9c255f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shorey, Rainy I.","contributorId":63633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorey","given":"Rainy","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanefsky, Jeannette","contributorId":72213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanefsky","given":"Jeannette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Libants, Scot V.","contributorId":126752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Libants","given":"Scot","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70208566,"text":"70208566 - 2011 - Foreward: Special issue: Haiti 2010 Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T09:58:23","indexId":"70208566","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T10:16:25","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreward: Special issue: Haiti 2010 Earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Shan, J., Eguchi, R.T., and Jones, B., 2011, Foreward: Special issue: Haiti 2010 Earthquake: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 77, no. 10, p. 995-996.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"996","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/publication/pers-archives/2011-pers-journals.html"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Haiti\"}}]}","volume":"77","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shan, Jie","contributorId":211360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shan","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eguchi, Ronald T.","contributorId":104063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eguchi","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005729,"text":"fs20113025 - 2011 - Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"fs20113025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3025","title":"Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers","docAbstract":"What is a Climate Science Center? On September 14, 2009, the Secretary of the Interior signed a Secretarial Order (No. 3289) entitled, \"Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on America's Water, Land, and Other Natural and Cultural Resources.\" The Order effectively established the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs), which will integrate DOI science and management expertise with similar contributions from our partners to provide information to support adaptation and mitigation efforts on both public and private lands, across the United States and internationally.The Southeast CSC, hosted by NC State University (NCSU), will collaborate with a number of other universities, State and Federal agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) with interest and expertise in climate science. The primary partner for the Southeast CSC will be the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) in the Southeast, including the Appalachian, Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks, Gulf Coast Prairie, Peninsular Florida, and the South Atlantic. CSC collaborations are focused on common science priorities, addressing priority partner needs, minimizing redundancies in science, sharing scientific findings, and expanding understanding of climate change impacts in the Southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113025","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.A., 2011, Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113025.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3025.jpg"},{"id":94580,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66eab2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189061,"text":"70189061 - 2011 - The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer for lunar science: Instrument description, calibration, on‐orbit measurements, science data calibration and on‐orbit validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T13:35:12.656446","indexId":"70189061","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M<sup>3</sup>) imaging spectrometer for lunar science: Instrument description, calibration, on‐orbit measurements, science data calibration and on‐orbit validation","title":"The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer for lunar science: Instrument description, calibration, on‐orbit measurements, science data calibration and on‐orbit validation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The NASA Discovery Moon Mineralogy Mapper imaging spectrometer was selected to pursue a wide range of science objectives requiring measurement of composition at fine spatial scales over the full lunar surface. To pursue these objectives, a broad spectral range imaging spectrometer with high uniformity and high signal-to-noise ratio capable of measuring compositionally diagnostic spectral absorption features from a wide variety of known and possible lunar materials was required. For this purpose the Moon Mineralogy Mapper imaging spectrometer was designed and developed that measures the spectral range from 430 to 3000 nm with 10 nm spectral sampling through a 24 degree field of view with 0.7 milliradian spatial sampling. The instrument has a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 400 for the specified equatorial reference radiance and greater than 100 for the polar reference radiance. The spectral cross-track uniformity is &gt;90% and spectral instantaneous field-of-view uniformity is &gt;90%. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper was launched on Chandrayaan-1 on the 22nd of October. On the 18th of November 2008 the Moon Mineralogy Mapper was turned on and collected a first light data set within 24 h. During this early checkout period and throughout the mission the spacecraft thermal environment and orbital parameters varied more than expected and placed operational and data quality constraints on the measurements. On the 29th of August 2009, spacecraft communication was lost. Over the course of the flight mission 1542 downlinked data sets were acquired that provide coverage of more than 95% of the lunar surface. An end-to-end science data calibration system was developed and all measurements have been passed through this system and delivered to the Planetary Data System (PDS.NASA.GOV). An extensive effort has been undertaken by the science team to validate the Moon Mineralogy Mapper science measurements in the context of the mission objectives. A focused spectral, radiometric, spatial, and uniformity validation effort has been pursued with selected data sets including an Earth-view data set. With this effort an initial validation of the on-orbit performance of the imaging spectrometer has been achieved, including validation of the cross-track spectral uniformity and spectral instantaneous field of view uniformity. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper is the first imaging spectrometer to measure a data set of this kind at the Moon. These calibrated science measurements are being used to address the full set of science goals and objectives for this mission.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JE003797","usgsCitation":"C. Pieters, Mouroulis, P., M. Eastwood, Boardman, J., Green, R., Glavich, T., Isaacson, P., Clark, R., Annadurai, M., Chatterjee, A., Barr, D., Besse, S., Cate, D., Cheek, L., Combe, J., Dhingra, D., Essandoh, V., Geier, S., Goswami, J., Green, R., Haemmerle, V., Head, J., Hovland, L., Hyman, S., Klima, R., Koch, T., Kramer, G., Kumar, A., Lee, K., Lundeen, S., Malaret, E., McCord, T., McLaughlin, S., Mustard, J., Nettles, J., Petro, N., Plourde, K., Racho, C., Rodriguez, J., Runyon, C., Sellar, G., Smith, C., Sobel, H., Staid, M., Sunshine, J., Taylor, L., Thaisen, K., Tompkins, S., Tseng, H., Vane, G., Varanasi, P., White, M., and Wilson, D., 2011, The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) imaging spectrometer for lunar science: Instrument description, calibration, on‐orbit measurements, science data calibration and on‐orbit validation: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. E10, p. 1-31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JE003797.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-029080","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011je003797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"116","issue":"E10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576339e4b0d1f9f051b55c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"C. Pieters","contributorId":193947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"C. 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,{"id":70040589,"text":"70040589 - 2011 - Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: The neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-02T09:43:30","indexId":"70040589","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: The neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)","docAbstract":"Patterns of diversification in species-rich clades provide insight into the processes that generate biological diversity. We tested different models of lineage and phenotypic diversification in an exceptional continental radiation, the ovenbird family Furnariidae, using the most complete species-level phylogenetic hypothesis produced to date for a major avian clade (97% of 293 species). We found that the Furnariidae exhibit nearly constant rates of lineage accumulation but show evidence of constrained morphological evolution. This pattern of sustained high rates of speciation despite limitations on phenotypic evolution contrasts with the results of most previous studies of evolutionary radiations, which have found a pattern of decelerating diversity-dependent lineage accumulation coupled with decelerating or constrained phenotypic evolution. Our results suggest that lineage accumulation in tropical continental radiations may not be as limited by ecological opportunities as in temperate or island radiations. 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Laboratory studies involving <i>Ichthyophonus</i> indicated that schizonts can be inactivated with chlorine and iodine solutions, the parasite can survive for extended periods in saltwater but not freshwater, a low potential exists for cross contamination between in vitro explant cultures, infectious schizonts are released from the skin surface of infected herring, schizonts are not uniformly distributed throughout the skeletal muscle of infected Pacific herring, multiple types of <i>Ichthyophonus</i> exist with different genotypes and phenotypic traits, and temperature is an important factor influencing the infectivity of <i>Ichthyophonus</i>. 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,{"id":70005865,"text":"ds641 - 2011 - National Stream Quality Accounting Network and National Monitoring Network Basin Boundary Geospatial Dataset, 2008&ndash;13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T13:13:42","indexId":"ds641","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"641","title":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network and National Monitoring Network Basin Boundary Geospatial Dataset, 2008&ndash;13","docAbstract":"This report and the accompanying geospatial data were created to assist in analysis and interpretation of water-quality data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and by the U.S. Coastal Waters and Tributaries National Monitoring Network (NMN), which is a cooperative monitoring program of Federal, regional, and State agencies. The report describes the methods used to develop the geospatial data, which was primarily derived from the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. The geospatial data contains polygon shapefiles of basin boundaries for 33 NASQAN and 5 NMN streamflow and water-quality monitoring stations. In addition, 30 polygon shapefiles of the closed and noncontributing basins contained within the NASQAN or NMN boundaries are included. Also included is a point shapefile of the NASQAN and NMN monitoring stations and associated basin and station attributes. Geospatial data for basin delineations, associated closed and noncontributing basins, and monitoring station locations are available at http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds641_nasqan_wbd12.xml.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds641","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., 2011, National Stream Quality Accounting Network and National Monitoring Network Basin Boundary Geospatial Dataset, 2008&ndash;13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 641, iv, 16 p.; Link to Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds641.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.; Link to Metadata","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_641.gif"},{"id":94577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/641/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273223,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds641_nasqan_wbd12.xml"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6987d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048700,"text":"fs20113070 - 2011 - Assessment of groundwater pathways and contaminant transport in Florida and Georgia using multiple chemical and microbiological indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:15:58","indexId":"fs20113070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-30T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3070","title":"Assessment of groundwater pathways and contaminant transport in Florida and Georgia using multiple chemical and microbiological indicators","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of Florida, especially in the northern part of the state, and southwestern Georgia is characterized by a predominance of limestone aquifers overlain by varying amounts of sands, silts, and clays. This karstic system of aquifers and their associated springs is particularly vulnerable to contamination from various anthropogenic activities at the land surface. Numerous sinkholes, disappearing streams, and conduit systems or dissolution pathways, often associated with large spring systems, allow rapid movement of contaminants from the land surface to the groundwater system with little or no attenuation or degradation. The fate of contaminants in the groundwater system is not fully understood, but traveltimes from sources are greatly reduced when conduits are intercepted by pumping wells and springs. 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,{"id":70044206,"text":"70044206 - 2011 - Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-29T14:18:17","indexId":"70044206","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags","docAbstract":"We monitored survival and tag loss among Moapa White River springfish Crenichthys baileyi moapae that were surgically implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT; 9 × 2 mm) tags. The fish used in the study ranged from 40 to 67 mm in total length and from 1.0 to 6.5 g in mass; the PIT tag: body weight ratios were 1.0–6.1%. Fish were held for 41 d in live cages within a small, warm desert stream. Survival did not differ between untagged control fish (94.5%) and tagged fish (95.6%). Survival did not appear to be influenced by fish size or PIT tag: body weight ratio, but the small number of fish that died precluded a detailed analysis. Tag retention was 100% among the 86 fish that survived over the 41 d. Our results suggest that surgically implanting 9-mm PIT tags into Moapa White River springfish as small as 40 mm is an effective method for marking them because it has minimal impacts on survival and tag retention is high. More work is needed on the effects of PIT tagging on growth and other performance metrics of springfish and other small desert fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.621809","usgsCitation":"Dixon, C.J., and Mesa, M.G., 2011, Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 5, p. 1375-1379, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.621809.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1375","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-023342","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270391,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.621809"}],"country":"United States","volume":"140","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5156b7e6e4b06ea905cdc033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, Christopher J.","contributorId":42110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005767,"text":"70005767 - 2011 - Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:16:03","indexId":"70005767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in <i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>","title":"Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concentrations of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were measured in surface waters and sediments from the Coosa River watershed in northwest Georgia, USA, to examine their distribution downstream of a suspected source. Samples from eight sites were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sediments were also used in 28‐d exposures with the aquatic oligochaete,&nbsp;</span><i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i><span>, to assess PFC bioaccumulation. Concentrations of PFCs in surface waters and sediments increased significantly below a land‐application site (LAS) of municipal/industrial wastewater and were further elevated by unknown sources downstream. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with eight or fewer carbons were the most prominent in surface waters. Those with 10 or more carbons predominated sediment and tissue samples. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the major homolog in contaminated sediments and tissues. This pattern among sediment PFC concentrations was consistent among sites and reflected homolog concentrations emanating from the LAS. Concentrations of PFCs in oligochaete tissues revealed patterns similar to those observed in the respective sediments. The tendency to bioaccumulate increased with PFCA chain length and the presence of the sulfonate moiety. Biota‐sediment accumulation factors indicated that short‐chain PFCAs with fewer than seven carbons may be environmentally benign alternatives in aquatic ecosystems; however, sulfonates with four to seven carbons may be as likely to bioaccumulate as PFOS.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.622","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P.J., Washington, J.W., Hassan, S.M., and Jenkins, T.M., 2011, Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 10, p. 2194-2201, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.622.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2194","endPage":"2201","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology 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M.","contributorId":90027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassan","given":"Sayed","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Thomas M.","contributorId":98451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005845,"text":"sir20115180 - 2011 - Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge deck runoff on receiving streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:22:54","indexId":"sir20115180","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5180","title":"Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge deck runoff on receiving streams","docAbstract":"In 2008, the North Carolina General Assembly passed House Bill 2436 that required the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to study the water-quality effects of bridges on receiving streams. In response, the NCDOT and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborated on a study to provide information necessary to address the requirements of the Bill. To better understand the effects of stormwater runoff from bridges on receiving streams, the following tasks were performed: (1) characterize stormwater runoff quality and quantity from a representative selection of bridges in North Carolina; (2) measure stream water quality upstream from selected bridges to compare bridge deck stormwater concentrations and loads to stream constituent concentrations and loads; and (3) determine if the chemistry of bed sediments upstream and downstream from selected bridges differs substantially based on presence or absence of a best management practice for bridge runoff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115180","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the North Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., Fitzgerald, S., Sherrell, R.D., Harned, D.A., Staub, E.L., Pointer, B.H., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2011, Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge deck runoff on receiving streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5180, x, 89 p.; Table; Download of Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115180.","productDescription":"x, 89 p.; Table; Download of Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"105","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5180.jpg"},{"id":94483,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":4532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon A.","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrell, Roy D.","contributorId":82189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrell","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staub, Erik L. elstaub@usgs.gov","contributorId":2244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staub","given":"Erik","email":"elstaub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pointer, Brian H.","contributorId":42098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005844,"text":"sir20105057 - 2011 - Development of flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Susquehanna River near the Borough of Jersey Shore, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20105057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5057","title":"Development of flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Susquehanna River near the Borough of Jersey Shore, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Streamflow data, water-surface-elevation profiles derived from a Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System hydraulic model, and geographical information system digital elevation models were used to develop a set of 18 flood-inundation maps for an approximately 5-mile reach of the West Branch Susquehanna River near the Borough of Jersey Shore, Pa. The inundation maps were created by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission and Lycoming County as part of an ongoing effort by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service to focus on continued improvements to the flood forecasting and warning abilities in the Susquehanna River Basin and to modernize flood-forecasting methodologies. The maps, ranging from 23.0 to 40.0 feet in 1-foot increments, correspond to river stage at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 01549760 at Jersey Shore. The electronic files used to develop the maps were provided to the National Weather Service for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service website. The maps are displayed on this website, which serves as a web-based floodwarning system, and can be used to identify areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages. During times of flooding or predicted flooding, these maps can be used by emergency managers and the public to take proactive steps to protect life and reduce property damage caused by floods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission and Lycoming County","usgsCitation":"Roland, M.A., and Hoffman, S.A., 2011, Development of flood-inundation maps for the West Branch Susquehanna River near the Borough of Jersey Shore, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5057, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105057.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5057.gif"},{"id":94467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming","city":"Borough Of Jersey Shore","otherGeospatial":"Wes Branch Susquehanna River Basin;Pine Creek;Larrys Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.31666666666666,41.166666666666664 ], [ -77.31666666666666,41.233333333333334 ], [ -77.2,41.233333333333334 ], [ -77.2,41.166666666666664 ], [ -77.31666666666666,41.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dedf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roland, Mark A. 0000-0002-0268-6507 mroland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-6507","contributorId":2116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Mark","email":"mroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005837,"text":"ofr20111199 - 2011 - Characterization of sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111199","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1199","title":"Characterization of sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida","docAbstract":"In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, sediment samples that were projected to have a high probability of being impacted by the oil were collected from shoreline zones of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Sixty-one sites were sampled and analyzed for hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and grain-size distribution. The objective of this effort was to provide a set of baseline data on sediment characteristics known to directly influence (1) the penetration of oil into coastal sediments and (2) the efficacy of chemical and (or) bioremediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111199","collaboration":"A Preliminary Report to the U.S. Coast Guard","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., and Comer, N.N., 2011, Characterization of sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1199, 12 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111199.","productDescription":"12 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendix","startPage":"1","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"82","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1199.jpg"},{"id":94469,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comer, Norris N.","contributorId":8978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"Norris","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005836,"text":"ofr20111272 - 2011 - Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 1: Estuarine prey fish biomass availability v1.0.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"ofr20111272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1272","title":"Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 1: Estuarine prey fish biomass availability v1.0.0","docAbstract":"Estuarine fish serve as an important prey base in the Greater Everglades ecosystem for key fauna such as wading birds, crocodiles, alligators, and piscivorous fishes. Human-made changes to freshwater flow across the Greater Everglades have resulted in less freshwater flow into the fringing estuaries and coasts. These changes in freshwater input have altered salinity patterns and negatively affected primary production of the estuarine fish prey base. Planned restoration projects should affect salinity and water depth both spatially and temporally and result in an increase in appropriate water conditions in areas occupied by estuarine fish. To assist in restoration planning, an ecological model of estuarine prey fish biomass availability was developed as an evaluation tool to aid in the determination of acceptable ranges of salinity and water depth. Comparisons of model output to field data indicate that the model accurately predicts prey biomass in the estuarine regions of the model domain. This model can be used to compare alternative restoration plans and select those that provide suitable conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111272","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative","usgsCitation":"Romañach, S., Conzelmann, C., Daugherty, A., Lorenz, J.L., Hunnicutt, C., and Mazzotti, F., 2011, Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 1: Estuarine prey fish biomass availability v1.0.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1272, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111272.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"24","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1272.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conzelmann, Craig 0000-0002-4227-8719 conzelmannc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-8719","contributorId":2361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conzelmann","given":"Craig","email":"conzelmannc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daugherty, Adam","contributorId":92417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daugherty","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Jerome L.","contributorId":62738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunnicutt, Christina 0000-0001-8624-6420","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-6420","contributorId":52312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunnicutt","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005840,"text":"sir20115175 - 2011 - Assessment of channel changes, model of historical floods, and effects of backwater on flood stage, and flood mitigation alternatives for the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:19:29","indexId":"sir20115175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5175","title":"Assessment of channel changes, model of historical floods, and effects of backwater on flood stage, and flood mitigation alternatives for the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In cooperation with the City of Wichita Falls, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed channel changes on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, and modeled historical floods to investigate possible causes and potential mitigation alternatives to higher flood stages in recent (2007 and 2008) floods. Extreme flooding occurred on the Wichita River on June 30, 2007, inundating 167 homes in Wichita Falls. Although a record flood stage was reached in June 2007, the peak discharge was much less than some historical floods at Wichita Falls. Streamflow and stage data from two gages on the Wichita River and one on Holliday Creek were used to assess the interaction of the two streams. Changes in the Wichita River channel were evaluated using historical aerial and ground photography, comparison of recent and historical cross sections, and comparison of channel roughness coefficients with those from earlier studies. The floods of 2007 and 2008 were modeled using a one-dimensional step-backwater model. Calibrated channel roughness was larger for the 2007 flood compared to the 2008 flood, and the 2007 flood peaked about 4 feet higher than the 2008 flood. Calibration of the 1941 flood yielded a channel roughness coefficient (Manning's <i>n</i>) of 0.030, which represents a fairly clean natural channel. The step-backwater model was also used to evaluate the following potential mitigation alternatives: (1) increasing the capacity of the bypass channel near River Road in Wichita Falls, Texas; (2) removal of obstructions near the Scott Avenue and Martin Luther King Junior Boulevard bridges in Wichita Falls, Texas; (3) widening of aggraded channel banks in the reach between Martin Luther King Junior Boulevard and River Road; and (4) reducing channel bank and overbank roughness. Reductions in water-surface elevations ranged from 0.1 foot to as much as 3.0 feet for the different mitigation alternatives. The effects of implementing a combination of different flood-mitigation alternatives were not investigated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita Falls, Texas","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., and Baldys, S., 2011, Assessment of channel changes, model of historical floods, and effects of backwater on flood stage, and flood mitigation alternatives for the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5175, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115175.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5175.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Wichita Falls","otherGeospatial":"Wichita River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.56666666666666,33.8675 ], [ -98.56666666666666,33.93472222222222 ], [ -98.43333333333334,33.93472222222222 ], [ -98.43333333333334,33.8675 ], [ -98.56666666666666,33.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6978d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005219,"text":"70005219 - 2011 - Distribution and habitat use of the Missouri River and Lower Yellowstone River benthic fishes from 1996 to 1998: A baseline for fish community recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-17T16:01:33","indexId":"70005219","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and habitat use of the Missouri River and Lower Yellowstone River benthic fishes from 1996 to 1998: A baseline for fish community recovery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Past and present Missouri River management practices have resulted in native fishes being identified as in jeopardy. In 1995, the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study was initiated to provide improved information on Missouri River fish populations and how alterations might affect them. The study produced a baseline against which to evaluate future changes in Missouri River operating criteria. The objective was to evaluate population structure and habitat use of benthic fishes along the entire mainstem Missouri River, exclusive of reservoirs. Here we use the data from this study to provide a recent-past baseline for on-going Missouri River fish population monitoring programmes along with a more powerful method for analysing data containing large percentages of zero values. This is carried out by describing the distribution and habitat use of 21 species of Missouri River benthic fishes based on catch-per-unit area data from multiple gears. We employ a Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson model expanded to include continuous measures of habitat quality (i.e. substrate composition, depth, velocity, temperature, turbidity and conductivity). Along with presenting the method, we provide a relatively complete picture of the Missouri River benthic fish community and the relationship between their relative population numbers and habitat conditions. We demonstrate that our single model provides all the information that is often obtained by a myriad of analytical techniques. An important advantage of the present approach is reliable inference for patterns of relative abundance using multiple gears without using gear efficiencies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1559","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Gladish, D., and Arab, A., 2011, Distribution and habitat use of the Missouri River and Lower Yellowstone River benthic fishes from 1996 to 1998: A baseline for fish community recovery: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1780-1803, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1559.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1780","endPage":"1803","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RIFWBM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Captures and habitat classification of benthic fishes along the Missouri and Lower Yellowstone Rivers, 1996-1998"},{"id":204159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a18e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gladish, D. W.","contributorId":68445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladish","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arab, A.","contributorId":71770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arab","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005835,"text":"ofr20111273 - 2011 - Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 2: roseate spoonbill (<i>Platalea ajaja</i>) landscape habitat suitability index v1.0.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"ofr20111273","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1273","title":"Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 2: roseate spoonbill (<i>Platalea ajaja</i>) landscape habitat suitability index v1.0.0","docAbstract":"Ecological conditions in the Greater Everglades have changed due to human activities, including the construction of canals to divert water away from the core of the landscape. Current and planned restoration projects are designed to produce a natural sheetflow of water across the landscape. This restoration of water flow should provide an increase in freshwater needed to restore natural salinities to the fringing estuarine ecosystem. In this report, we describe a Landscape Habitat Suitability Index model designed to evaluate alternative restoration plans for the benefit of a key species, the roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Model output has shown to be a good indicator of areas capable of supporting spoonbills. Use of this model will allow examination of the potential response of this key species to water management proposed through the Greater Everglades restoration process.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111273","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative","usgsCitation":"Romañach, S., Conzelmann, C., Daugherty, A., Lorenz, J., Hunnicutt, C., and Mazzotti, F., 2011, Joint Ecosystem Modeling (JEM) ecological model documentation volume 2: roseate spoonbill (<i>Platalea ajaja</i>) landscape habitat suitability index v1.0.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1273, iv, 23 p.; XLS Download of Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111273.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.; XLS Download of Appendix 1","startPage":"i","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"27","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1273.jpg"},{"id":94485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1273/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db6614f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conzelmann, Craig 0000-0002-4227-8719 conzelmannc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-8719","contributorId":2361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conzelmann","given":"Craig","email":"conzelmannc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daugherty, Adam","contributorId":92417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daugherty","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Jerome J.","contributorId":20062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jerome J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunnicutt, Christina 0000-0001-8624-6420","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-6420","contributorId":52312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunnicutt","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005834,"text":"ofr20111151 - 2011 - A survey of microbial community diversity in marine sediments impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111151","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1151","title":"A survey of microbial community diversity in marine sediments impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida","docAbstract":"Microbial community genomic DNA was extracted from sediment samples collected along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts from Texas to Florida. Sample sites were identified as being ecologically sensitive and (or) as having high potential of being impacted by Macondo-1 (M-1) well oil from the Deepwater Horizon blowout. The diversity within the microbial communities associated with the collected sediments provides a baseline dataset to which microbial community-diversity data from impacted sites could be compared. To determine the microbial community diversity in the samples, genetic fingerprints were generated and compared. Specific sequences within the community genomic DNA were first amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer set that provides possible resolution to the species level. A second nested PCR was performed on the primary PCR products using a primer set on which a GC-clamp was attached to one of the primers. The nested PCR products were separated using denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) that resolves the nested PCR products based on sequence dissimilarities (or similarities), forming a genomic fingerprint of the microbial diversity within the respective samples. Samples with similar fingerprints were grouped and compared to oil-fingerprint data from the same sites (Rosenbauer and others, 2011). The microbial community fingerprints were generally grouped into sites that had been shown to contain background concentrations of non-Deepwater Horizon oil. However, these groupings also included sites where no oil signature was detected. This report represents some of the first information on naturally occurring microbial communities in sediment from shorelines along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts from Texas to Florida.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111151","collaboration":"A Preliminary Report to the U.S. Coast Guard, Part 2","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., and Stellick, S.H., 2011, A survey of microbial community diversity in marine sediments impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic shorelines, Texas to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1151, 14 p.; Figures; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111151.","productDescription":"14 p.; Figures; Table","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1151.jpg"},{"id":94468,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stellick, Sarah H.","contributorId":99275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stellick","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005847,"text":"sim3179 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Montoso Peak quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T19:13:46.957292","indexId":"sim3179","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3179","title":"Geologic map of the Montoso Peak quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Montoso Peak quadrangle is underlain by volcanic rocks and associated sediments of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field in the southern part of the Espa&#241;ola Basin that record volcanic, faulting, alluvial, colluvial, and eolian processes over the past three million years. The geology was mapped from 1997 to 1999 and modified in 2004 to 2008. The geologic mapping was carried out in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Rio Grande Basin Project, funded by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic mapping Program. The mapped distribution of units is based primarily on interpretation of 1:16,000-scale, color aerial photographs taken in 1992, and 1:40,000-scale, black-and-white, aerial photographs taken in 1996. Most of the contacts on the map were transferred from the aerial photographs using a photogrammetric stereoplotter and subsequently field checked for accuracy and revised based on field determination of allostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units. Determination of lithostratigraphic units in volcanic deposits was aided by geochemical data, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology, aeromagnetic and paleomagnetic data. Supplemental revision of mapped contacts was based on interpretation of USGS 1-meter orthoimagery. This version of the Montoso Peak quadrangle geologic map uses a traditional USGS topographic base overlain on a shaded relief base generated from 10-m digital elevation model (DEM) data from the USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED). Faults are identified with varying confidence levels in the map area. Recognizing and mapping faults developed near the surface in young, brittle volcanic rocks is difficult because (1) they tend to form fractured zones tens of meters wide rather than discrete fault planes, (2) the youth of the deposits has allowed only modest displacements to accumulate for most faults, and (3) many may have significant strike-slip components that do not result in large vertical offsets that are readily apparent in offset of sub-horizontal contacts. Those faults characterized as \"certain\" either have distinct offset of map units or had slip planes that were directly observed in the field. Faults classed as \"inferred\" were traced based on linear alignments of geologic, topographic and aerial photo features such as vents, lava flow edges, and drainages inferred to preferentially develop on fractured rock. Lineaments defined from magnetic anomalies form an additional constraint on potential fault locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Hudson, M., Shroba, R.R., Minor, S.A., and Sawyer, D.A., 2011, Geologic map of the Montoso Peak quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3179, Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 1 Sheet: 36.00 x 36.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3179.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 1 Sheet: 36.00 x 36.00 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3179.png"},{"id":94482,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96087.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sandoval County, Santa Fe County","otherGeospatial":"Montoso Peak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.25,\n              35.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.125,\n              35.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.125,\n              35.750\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.25,\n              35.750\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.25,\n              35.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005841,"text":"ds588 - 2011 - Water-quality data from shallow pond-bottom groundwater in the Fishermans Cove area of Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:53:10","indexId":"ds588","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"588","title":"Water-quality data from shallow pond-bottom groundwater in the Fishermans Cove area of Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected water-quality data between 2001 and 2010 in the Fishermans Cove area of Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, Massachusetts, where the eastern portion of a treated-wastewater plume, created by more than 60 years of overland disposal, discharges to the pond. Temporary drive points were installed, and shallow pond-bottom groundwater was sampled, at 167 locations in 2001, 150 locations in 2003, and 120 locations in 2004 to delineate the distribution of wastewater-related constituents. In 2004, the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) installed a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to intercept phosphate in the plume at its discharge point to the pond. The USGS monitored the performance of the PRB by collecting samples from temporary drive points at multiple depth intervals in 2006 (200 samples at 76 locations) and 2009 (150 samples at 90 locations). During the first 5 years after installation of the PRB, water samples were collected periodically from five types of pore-water samplers that had been permanently installed in and near the PRB during the barrier's emplacement. The distribution of wastewater-related constituents in the pond-bottom groundwater and changes in the geochemistry of the pond-bottom groundwater after installation of the PRB have been documented in several published reports that are listed in the references.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds588","collaboration":"A product of the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T.D., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2011, Water-quality data from shallow pond-bottom groundwater in the Fishermans Cove area of Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2001-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 588, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds588.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_588.gif"},{"id":94465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/588/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Military Reservation;Cape Cod;Ashumet Pond","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.55,41.617777777777775 ], [ -70.55,41.634166666666665 ], [ -70.53361111111111,41.634166666666665 ], [ -70.53361111111111,41.617777777777775 ], [ -70.55,41.617777777777775 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X tmccobb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":2012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy","email":"tmccobb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005842,"text":"fs20113132 - 2011 - Invasive crayfish in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113132","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3132","title":"Invasive crayfish in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Invasive species directly threaten freshwater biodiversity, particularly in regions of high aquatic richness like the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Crayfish are among the most impactful of aquatic invasive species. Invasive crayfish are considered ecosystem engineers due to their ability to alter basic wetland properties, such as reducing vegetation and bank integrity and increasing turbidity. In areas where invasion is advanced, crayfish pose major economic and ecological problems. Crayfish have been widely introduced for aquaculture and can become established in a wide range of habitat conditions. They also may be spread by anglers who use them as bait.  Several non-native crayfish are established in the PNW, but the extent of their invasion is not well known. At least two groups are known from scattered sites in the PNW, and both have proven problematic for native species in other parts of the world: Red swamp crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>) and several members of the genus <i>Orconectes</i>. Both groups are native to areas of the eastern United States. Both are identified globally as invasives of high concern and appear on the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's \"10 Most Unwanted\" and the U.S. Forest Service's \"Primary Species of Concern\" lists for stream systems in the PNW.  Despite the presence of introduced crayfish in the PNW and their high potential for negative effects, the scope of their invasion and effects on aquatic systems are not well known. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), along with local groups and state agencies, is working to clarify crayfish distribution and to outline which basins may not yet be invaded. Other goals are to improve understanding of habitat associations of invasive crayfish and their potential effects on native crayfish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113132","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C.A., McCreary, B., and Adams, M., 2011, Invasive crayfish in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3132, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113132.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011-3132.bmp"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4991e4b07f02db5b44bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":3131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Michael","contributorId":24905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005843,"text":"sir20105090c - 2011 - Porphyry copper assessment of British Columbia and Yukon Territory, Canada: Chapter C in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005843,"text":"sir20105090c - 2011 - Porphyry copper assessment of British Columbia and Yukon Territory, Canada: Chapter C in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","indexId":"sir20105090c","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of British Columbia and Yukon Territory, Canada: Chapter C in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T10:52:47","indexId":"sir20105090c","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"C","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of British Columbia and Yukon Territory, Canada: Chapter C in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey does regional, national, and global assessments of resources (mineral, energy, water, biologic) to provide science in support of land management and decision making. Mineral resource assessments provide a synthesis of available information about where mineral deposits are known and suspected to be in the Earth&rsquo;s crust, which commodities may be present, and estimates of amounts of resources that may be present in undiscovered deposits.</p>\n<p>Canada is an important source of copper, consistently ranking as one of the top 10 world producers during the past decade (2000&ndash;2010). The preponderance of this production has been from porphyry-copper-type deposits in the western Canadian Cordillera. A probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered resources associated with porphyry copper deposits in western Canada was completed as part of a global mineral resource assessment. The purpose of the assessment was to (1) compile a database of known deposits and significant prospects, (2) delineate permissive areas (tracts) for undiscovered porphyry copper deposits that may be present in the upper kilometer (minimally) of the Earth&rsquo;s crust, and (3) provide probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) that could be contained in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the tracts. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with geologists from the British Columbia Geological Survey, Yukon Geological Survey, and industry consultants.</p>\n<p>The database of known deposits and significant prospects includes an inventory of mineral resources in 89 known porphyry copper (and 2 related copper-bearing polymetallic vein) ore zones, representing 50 porphyry copper deposits, and lists key characteristics of 280 additional porphyry copper and related copper-bearing prospects, as indicated by currently available exploration results, which also are summarized. Resource and exploration and development activity are updated with information current through April 2010.</p>\n<p>The delineation of permissive tracts and probabilistic estimation of resources in undiscovered deposits were done using the USGS three-part mineral resource assessment approach. Permissive tracts are defined in accordance with descriptive models for porphyry copper deposits to include igneous rocks and known deposits and prospects within magmatic arcs related to convergent plate-margin boundary zones. Frequency distributions of total tonnages and average grades of thoroughly explored deposits were used as models for undiscovered deposits and include a new grade and tonnage model for calc-alkaline porphyry Cu&plusmn;Mo&plusmn;Au deposits in western Canada.</p>\n<p>Five permissive tracts for the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits were delineated: 2 island-arc tracts, 1 tract of transitional, mixed island-arc and continental arc affinities, and 2 continental arc tracts. In permissive tract 003pCu2001, calc-alkaline igneous rocks of Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic age in accreted island-arc terranes of the Intermontane belt are assessed for calc-alkaline porphyry Cu&plusmn;Mo&plusmn;Au deposits. The area of this tract is 175,250 km<sup>2</sup>. In 12 known deposits, the total reported tonnage of ore is 8,100 million metric tons (Mt) containing 24.6 Mt copper. An estimated 6.9 undiscovered deposits contain a calculated mean of 8.9 Mt copper and a median of 6.9 Mt copper. The spatial density for the 18.9 known plus estimated undiscovered deposits in this tract is approximately 11 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<p>In permissive tract 003pCu2002, alkaline igneous rocks of Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic age within the Intermontane accreted island-arc terranes are assessed for alkaline porphyry Cu-Au deposits. The area of this tract is 109,290 km<sup>2</sup>. In 12 known deposits the total reported tonnage of ore is 6,440 Mt, containing 20.9 Mt copper. An estimated 7 undiscovered deposits contain a calculated mean of 22 Mt copper and a median of 13 Mt copper. The spatial density for the 19 known plus estimated undiscovered deposits in this tract is approximately 17 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<p>In permissive tract 003pCu2003, calc-alkaline igneous rocks of Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous age within the accreted Insular terranes of mixed island-arc and continental arc affinities are assessed for calc-alkaline porphyry Cu&plusmn;Mo&plusmn;Au deposits. The area of this tract is 58,360 km<sup>2</sup>. The total tonnage of ore reported in the 2 known deposits is 1,160 Mt containing 3.17 Mt copper. An estimated 2.3 undiscovered deposits contain a calculated mean of 3 Mt copper and a median of 1.9 Mt copper. The spatial density for the 4.3 known plus estimated undiscovered deposits in this tract is approximately 7 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<p>In permissive tract 003pCu2004, calc-alkaline igneous rocks in continental magmatic arcs of Jurassic to Eocene age are assessed for porphyry Cu&plusmn;Mo&plusmn;Au deposits. The area of this tract is 639,500 km<sup>2</sup>. The total tonnage of ore reported for the 23 known deposits is 6,520 Mt containing 17.9 Mt copper. An estimated 9.6 undiscovered deposits contain a calculated mean of 13 Mt copper and a median of 11 Mt copper. The spatial density for the 32.6 known deposits plus the estimated undiscovered deposits in this tract is approximately 5 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<p>In permissive tract 003pCu2005, calc-alkaline igneous rocks in continental magmatic arcs of Oligocene to Pliocene age are assessed for porphyry Cu&plusmn;Mo&plusmn;Au deposits. The area of this tract is 32,840 km<sup>2</sup>. The total tonnage of ore reported for the 1 known deposit is 44.8 Mt containing 0.224 Mt copper. An estimated 1.4 undiscovered deposits contain a calculated mean of 1.8 Mt copper and a median of 0.72 Mt copper. The spatial density for the 2.4 known plus estimated undiscovered deposits in this permissive tract is approximately 7 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>.</p>\n<p>Western Canada has been thoroughly explored for porphyry copper deposits. The total estimated copper contained in known deposits is about 66.8 Mt (based on 2010 data), as compared to a 49 Mt mean of estimated copper in undiscovered deposits and a 34 Mt median of estimated copper in undiscovered deposits. The copper contained in known porphyry copper deposits represents about 58 percent of the total of known and undiscovered porphyry copper deposits (based on mean values). About 86 percent of the increase in estimated copper resources between 1993 and 2009 resulted from the discovery of extensions to known deposits. Nevertheless, exploration for undiscovered deposits continues, especially in and around significant prospects and in parts of permissive tracts that are mostly hidden beneath younger volcanic, sedimentary, or vegetated surficial cover.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090c","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the British Columbia Geological Survey, Yukon Geological Survey, and XDM Geological Consultants, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M.J., Bookstrom, A.A., Frost, T.P., and Ludington, S., 2011, Porphyry copper assessment of British Columbia and Yukon Territory, Canada: Chapter C in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i> (Version 1.0: Originally posted October 2011; Version 1.1: February 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