{"pageNumber":"1735","pageRowStart":"43350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184633,"records":[{"id":70005684,"text":"sir20115106 - 2011 - Characterization of salinity and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"sir20115106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5106","title":"Characterization of salinity and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2010","docAbstract":"Salinity and selenium are naturally occurring and perva-sive in the lower Gunnison River Basin of Colorado, includ-ing the watershed of Montrose Arroyo. Although some of the salinity and selenium loading in the Montrose Arroyo study area is from natural sources, additional loading has resulted from the introduction of intensive irrigation in the water-shed. With increasing land-use change and the conversion from irrigated agricultural to urban land, land managers and stakeholders need information about the long-term effects of land-use change on salinity and selenium loading. In response to the need to advance salinity and selenium science, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, and Colorado River Water Conservation District, developed a study to characterize salinity and selenium loading and how salinity and selenium sources may relate to land-use change in Montrose Arroyo. This report characterizes changes in salinity and selenium loading to Montrose Arroyo from March 1992 to February 2010 and the magnitude of land-use change between unirrigated desert, irrigated agricultural, and urban land-use/land-cover types, and discusses how the respective loads may relate to land-use change. Montrose Arroyo is an approximately 8-square-mile watershed in Montrose County in western Colorado. Salinity and selenium were studied in Montrose Arroyo in a 2001 study as part of a salinity- and selenium-control lateral project. The robust nature of the historical dataset indicated that Montrose Arroyo was a prime watershed for a follow-up study. Two sites from the 2001 study were used to monitor salinity and selenium loads in Montrose Arroyo in the follow-up study. Over the period of 2 water years and respective irrigation seasons (2008-2010), 27 water-quality samples were collected and streamflow measurements were made at the historical sites MA2 and MA4. Salinity and selenium concen-trations, loads, and streamflow were compared between the pre-lateral-project and post-growth periods and between the post-lateral-project and post-growth periods.  No significant differences in streamflow, salinity (concen-tration and load), or selenium (concentration and load) were found at MA4 between the pre-lateral project and post-growth periods or between the post-lateral-project and post-growth periods. The statistical analysis indicated no significant dif-ferences in streamflow or salinity (both concentration and load) between the pre-lateral-project and post-growth periods or between the post-lateral-project and post-growth periods at MA2; however, selenium concentrations and loads were significantly greater between the pre-lateral-project and post-growth periods and between the post-lateral-project and post-growth periods at MA2. Land-use change between MA4 and MA2 may have contributed to the determined differences in selenium values, but the specific mechanisms causing the increases between periods are unknown.  The size of the urbanized area in Montrose Arroyo was quantified for 1993, 2002, and 2009 by using a geographic information system (GIS) with imagery from the specified years. The greatest change in land use from 1993 to 2009 was the increase of urban land due to conversion from irrigated agricultural land. The conversion of previously unirrigated desert to urban land or irrigated agriculture could become more common if urbanization and development expands into the eastern part of the watershed because a majority of the un-urbanized land in eastern Montrose Arroyo is unirrigated desert.  By applying GIS to the City of Montrose 2008 com-prehensive growth plan, it was estimated that approximately 786 acres of previously irrigated agricultural land will be converted to urban land and 689 acres of unirrigated desert will be converted to urban land under the plan scenario. New development on previously unirrigated land in shale areas would likely increase the potential for mobilization of sele-nium and salinity from new sources to Montrose Arroyo and the Lower Gunnison River Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, and the Colorado River Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.L., 2011, Characterization of salinity and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5106, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115106.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5106.png"},{"id":94299,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.83333333333333,37.833333333333336 ], [ -108.83333333333333,39.416666666666664 ], [ -107,39.416666666666664 ], [ -107,37.833333333333336 ], [ -108.83333333333333,37.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5beb92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Jennifer L.","contributorId":68447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005419,"text":"70005419 - 2011 - Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T18:03:07.881267","indexId":"70005419","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large dams have been constructed on rivers to meet human demands for water, electricity, navigation, and recreation. As a consequence, flow and temperature regimes have been altered, strongly affecting river food webs and ecosystem processes. Experimental high‐flow dam releases, i.e., controlled floods, have been implemented on the Colorado River, USA, in an effort to reestablish pulsed flood events, redistribute sediments, improve conditions for native fishes, and increase understanding of how dam operations affect physical and biological processes. We quantified secondary production and organic matter flows in the food web below Glen Canyon dam for two years prior and one year after an experimental controlled flood in March 2008. Invertebrate biomass and secondary production declined significantly following the flood (total biomass, 55% decline; total production, 56% decline), with most of the decline driven by reductions in two nonnative invertebrate taxa,&nbsp;</span><i>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Gammarus lacustris</i><span>. Diatoms dominated the trophic basis of invertebrate production before and after the controlled flood, and the largest organic matter flows were from diatoms to the three most productive invertebrate taxa (</span><i>P. antipodarum</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>G. lacustris</i><span>, and Tubificida). In contrast to invertebrates, production of rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) increased substantially (194%) following the flood, despite the large decline in total secondary production of the invertebrate assemblage. This counterintuitive result is reconciled by a post‐flood increase in production and drift concentrations of select invertebrate prey (i.e., Chironomidae and Simuliidae) that supported a large proportion of trout production but had relatively low secondary production. In addition, interaction strengths, measured as species impact values, were strongest between rainbow trout and these two taxa before and after the flood, demonstrating that the dominant consumer–resource interactions were not necessarily congruent with the dominant organic matter flows. Our study illustrates the value of detailed food web analysis for elucidating pathways by which dam management may alter production and strengths of species interactions in river food webs. We suggest that controlled floods may increase production of nonnative rainbow trout, and this information can be used to help guide future dam management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1719.1","usgsCitation":"Cross, W.F., Baxter, C., Donner, K.C., Rosi-Marshall, E.J., Kennedy, T., Hall, R., Wellard Kelly, H.A., and Rogers, R., 2011, Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2016-2033, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1719.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2016","endPage":"2033","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.17315673828125,\n              36.33725319397006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14593505859375,\n              36.33725319397006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14593505859375,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.17315673828125,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.17315673828125,\n              36.33725319397006\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625a1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Wyatt F.","contributorId":70881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, Colden V.","contributorId":47334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Colden V.","affiliations":[{"id":13656,"text":"Idaho State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donner, Kevin C.","contributorId":105427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.","contributorId":17722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosi-Marshall","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hall, Robert O. Jr.","contributorId":104182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wellard Kelly, Holly A.","contributorId":72115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellard Kelly","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rogers, R. Scott","contributorId":14944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70005670,"text":"70005670 - 2011 - Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative data management and integration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:22:07","indexId":"70005670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":234,"text":"WLCI Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative data management and integration","docAbstract":"Six Federal agencies, two State agencies, and two local entities formally support the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) and work together on a landscape scale to manage fragile habitats and wildlife resources amidst growing energy development in southwest Wyoming. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was tasked with implementing targeted research and providing scientific information about southwest Wyoming to inform the development of WLCI habitat enhancement and restoration projects conducted by land management agencies. Many WLCI researchers and decisionmakers representing the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the State of Wyoming, and others have overwhelmingly expressed the need for a stable, robust infrastructure to promote sharing of data resources produced by multiple entities, including metadata adequately describing the datasets. Descriptive metadata facilitates use of the datasets by users unfamiliar with the data. Agency representatives advocate development of common data handling and distribution practices among WLCI partners to enhance availability of comprehensive and diverse data resources for use in scientific analyses and resource management. The USGS Core Science Informatics (CSI) team is developing and promoting data integration tools and techniques across USGS and partner entity endeavors, including a data management infrastructure to aid WLCI researchers and decisionmakers.","language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative","publisherLocation":"Rock Springs, WY","usgsCitation":"Latysh, N., and Bristol, R.S., 2011, Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative data management and integration: WLCI Fact Sheet 1, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70005670.gif"},{"id":94291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5453b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latysh, Natalie 0000-0003-0149-3962 nlatysh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-3962","contributorId":1356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"nlatysh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bristol, R. Sky 0000-0003-1682-4031 sbristol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-4031","contributorId":3585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bristol","given":"R.","email":"sbristol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Sky","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199977,"text":"70199977 - 2011 - Dealing with zeros","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T21:30:29.445265","indexId":"70199977","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T15:49:18","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dealing with zeros","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Compositional data analysis: Theory and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781119976462.ch4","usgsCitation":"Martin-Fernandez,  ., Palarea-Albaladejo, J., and Olea, R.A., 2011, Dealing with zeros, chap. <i>of</i> Compositional data analysis: Theory and applications, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119976462.ch4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-020157","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c0d5e4b034bf6a7f16b5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera","contributorId":208011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pawlowsky-Glahn","given":"Vera","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37678,"text":"Dept. Informatics, Applied Matematics and Statistics, Universitat de Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747575,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buccianti, Antonella","contributorId":92042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccianti","given":"Antonella","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Martin-Fernandez,  Josep Antoni","contributorId":208528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":" Josep Antoni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier","contributorId":120518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palarea-Albaladejo","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808 rolea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":208109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo","email":"rolea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003986,"text":"70003986 - 2011 - Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T15:57:32.913208","indexId":"70003986","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Consumption of periphyton is a potentially important route of metal exposure to benthic invertebrate grazers. The present study examined the bioaccumulation kinetics of dissolved and dietary Cd and Cu in five species of mayflies (class Insecta). Artificial stream water and benthic diatoms were separately labeled with enriched stable metal isotopes to determine physiological rate constants used by a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. The model was employed to simulate the effects of metal partitioning between water and food, expressed as the bioconcentration factor (BCF), as well as ingestion rate (IR) and metal assimilation efficiency of food (AE), on the relative importance of water and food to metal bioaccumulation. For all test species, the contribution of dietary uptake of Cd and Cu increased with BCF. For a given BCF, the contribution of food to the body burden increased with&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>uf</sub><span>, the metal uptake rate constant from food that combined variation in IR and AE. To explore the relative importance of water and diet exposure routes under field conditions, we used estimated site‐specific aqueous free‐ion concentrations to model Cd and Cu accumulation from aqueous exposure, exclusively. The predicted concentrations accounted for less than 5% of the observed concentrations, implying that most bioaccumulated metal was acquired from food. At least for the taxa considered in this study, we conclude that consumption of metal‐contaminated periphyton can result in elevated metal body burdens and potentially increase the risk of metal toxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.663","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Croteau, M., and Luoma, S., 2011, Bioaccumulation dynamics and exposure routes of Cd and Cu among species of aquatic mayflies: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2532-2541, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.663.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2532","endPage":"2541","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f137e4b0c8380cd4aadb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel","contributorId":37883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel","contributorId":12175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70146241,"text":"70146241 - 2011 - Book review: Extreme ocean waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T12:19:25","indexId":"70146241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Extreme ocean waves","docAbstract":"<p>&lsquo;&lsquo;Extreme Ocean Waves&rsquo;&rsquo; is a collection of ten papers edited by Efim Pelinovsky and Christian Kharif that followed the April 2007 meeting of the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union. A note on terminology: extreme waves in this volume broadly encompass different types of waves, includ- ing deep-water and shallow-water rogue waves (alternatively termed freak waves), storm surges from cyclones, and internal waves. Other types of waves such as tsunamis or rissaga (meteotsunamis) are not discussed in this volume. It is generally implied that &lsquo;&lsquo;extreme&rsquo;&rsquo; has a statistical connotation relative to the average or significant wave height specific to each type of wave. Throughout the book, in fact, the reader will find a combination of theoretical and statistical/ empirical treatment necessary for the complete examination of this subject. In the introduction, the editors underscore the importance of studying extreme waves, documenting several dramatic instances of damaging extreme waves that occurred in 2007.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Review info:&nbsp;<span><i>Extreme Ocean Waves</i>. By E. Pelinovsky and C. Kharif (eds), 2008. ISBN: 978-1402083136,&nbsp;xiii, 196 pp.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Birkhaüser Verlag","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0249-z","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2011, Book review: Extreme ocean waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 10, p. 1887-1888, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0249-z.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1887","endPage":"1888","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026442","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b0e4b064e4207ca42a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70101105,"text":"70101105 - 2011 - Site characterization and site response in Port-au-Prince, Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:36:03","indexId":"70101105","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site characterization and site response in Port-au-Prince, Haiti","docAbstract":"Waveform analysis of aftershocks of the M<sub>w</sub>7.0 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 reveals amplification of ground motions at sites within the Cul de Sac valley in which Port-au-Prince is situated. Relative to ground motions recorded at a hard-rock reference site, peak acceleration values are amplified by a factor of approximately 1.8 at sites on low-lying Mio-Pliocene deposits in central Port-au-Prince and by a factor of approximately 2.5–3 on a steep foothill ridge in the southern Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. The observed amplitude, predominant periods, variability, and polarization of amplification are consistent with predicted topographic amplification by a steep, narrow ridge. A swath of unusually high damage in this region corresponds with the extent of the ridge where high weak-motion amplifications are observed. We use ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) imagery to map local geomorphology, including characterization of both near-surface and of small-scale topographic structures that correspond to zones of inferred amplification.","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.3637947","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Yong, A.K., Altidor, J.R., Anglade, D., Given, D., and Mildor, S., 2011, Site characterization and site response in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. S1, p. 137-155, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3637947.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"155","ipdsId":"IP-025757","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236212","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","city":"Port-au-prince","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.361729,18.498006 ], [ -72.361729,18.660069 ], [ -72.207127,18.660069 ], [ -72.207127,18.498006 ], [ -72.361729,18.498006 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559563e4b0120853e8c1ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altidor, Jean Robert","contributorId":100713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altidor","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anglade, Dieuseul","contributorId":11096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anglade","given":"Dieuseul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Given, Douglas D. doug@usgs.gov","contributorId":3253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Douglas D.","email":"doug@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mildor, Saint-Louis","contributorId":61338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mildor","given":"Saint-Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70135068,"text":"70135068 - 2011 - Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:25:02","indexId":"70135068","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, <i>Sorex tundrensis</i> (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","title":"Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental processes govern demography, species movements, community turnover and diversification and yet in many respects these dynamics are still poorly understood at high latitudes. We investigate the combined effects of climate change and geography through time for a widespread Holarctic shrew, <i>Sorex tundrensis</i>. We include a comprehensive suite of closely related outgroup taxa and three independent loci to explore phylogeographic structure and historical demography. We then explore the implications of these findings for other members of boreal communities. The tundra shrew and its sister species, the Tien Shan shrew (<i>Sorex asper</i>), exhibit strong geographic population structure across Siberia and into Beringia illustrating local centres of endemism that correspond to Late Pleistocene refugia. Ecological niche predictions for both current and historical distributions indicate a model of persistence through time despite dramatic climate change. Species tree estimation under a coalescent process suggests that isolation between populations has been maintained across timeframes deeper than the periodicity of Pleistocene glacial cycling. That some species such as the tundra shrew have a history of persistence largely independent of changing climate, whereas other boreal species shifted their ranges in response to climate change, highlights the dynamic processes of community assembly at high latitudes. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05226.x","usgsCitation":"Hope, A.G., Waltari, E., Fedorov, V.B., Goropashnaya, A.V., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J.A., 2011, Persistence and diversification of the Holarctic shrew, Sorex tundrensis (Family Soricidae), in response to climate change: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 20, p. 4346-4370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05226.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"4346","endPage":"4370","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029578","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b5de4b02acb4f0c8c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltari, Eric","contributorId":105946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waltari","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedorov, Vadim B.","contributorId":190337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedorov","given":"Vadim","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goropashnaya, Anna V.","contributorId":74605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goropashnaya","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70147998,"text":"70147998 - 2011 - A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T13:16:16","indexId":"70147998","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models","docAbstract":"<p>Stream-loading information was compiled from federal, state, and local agencies, and selected universities as part of an effort to develop regional SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models to help describe the distribution, sources, and transport of nutrients in streams throughout much of the United States. After screening, 2,739 sites, sampled by 73 agencies, were identified as having suitable data for calculating long-term mean annual nutrient loads required for SPARROW model calibration. These sites had a wide range in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields, and environmental characteristics in their basins. An analysis of the accuracy in load estimates relative to site attributes indicated that accuracy in loads improve with increases in the number of observations, the proportion of uncensored data, and the variability in flow on observation days, whereas accuracy declines with increases in the root mean square error of the water-quality model, the flow-bias ratio, the number of days between samples, the variability in daily streamflow for the prediction period, and if the load estimate has been detrended. Based on compiled data, all areas of the country had recent declines in the number of sites with sufficient water-quality data to compute accurate annual loads and support regional modeling analyses. These declines were caused by decreases in the number of sites being sampled and data not being entered in readily accessible databases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., Schwarz, G., Robertson, D.M., and Booth, N., 2011, A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 933-949, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024914","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2ace4b0a92fa7e93bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Booth, Nathaniel 0000-0001-6040-1031 nlbooth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-1031","contributorId":140641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nlbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70135071,"text":"70135071 - 2011 - Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:29:42","indexId":"70135071","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":892,"text":"Archives of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons","docAbstract":"<p>Avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence and sequence data were analyzed for Steller's eiders (<i>Polysticta stelleri</i>) to assess the role of this species in transporting virus genes between continents and maintaining a regional viral reservoir with sympatric northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>). AIV prevalence was 0.2% at Izembek Lagoon and 3.9% at Nelson Lagoon for Steller's eiders and 11.2% for northern pintails at Izembek Lagoon. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 AIVs from Steller's eiders revealed that 4.9% of genes were of Eurasian origin. Seven subtypes were detected, including two also observed in northern pintails. No AIV strains were highly similar (&gt; 99%) at all gene segments between species; however, highly similar individual genes were detected. The proportion of highly similar genes was greater within rather than between species. Steller's eiders likely transport AIV genes between continents through long-distance migratory movements. Differences in AIV prevalence, subtype distribution, and the proportion of highly similar genes suggest limited AIV exchange between Steller's eiders and northern pintails at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons during autumn.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Microbiological Societies","doi":"10.1007/s00705-011-1059-z","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Pearce, J.M., Reeves, A.B., Franson, J., Petersen, M.R., and Ip, S., 2011, Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons: Archives of Virology, v. 156, no. 10, p. 1813-1821, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-1059-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1821","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029676","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b4ee4b02acb4f0c8c2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70134696,"text":"70134696 - 2011 - Playing by new rules: altered climates are affecting some pikas dramatically and rapidly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T09:49:17","indexId":"70134696","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3587,"text":"The Wildlife Professional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playing by new rules: altered climates are affecting some pikas dramatically and rapidly","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., and Wilkening, J.L., 2011, Playing by new rules: altered climates are affecting some pikas dramatically and rapidly: The Wildlife Professional, v. 5, no. 3, p. 38-41.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030696","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://issuu.com/the-wildlife-professional/docs/cliimatepackage"},{"id":296424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://issuu.com/the-wildlife-professional"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193bfe4b0aa6d778520f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkening, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8748-4578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-4578","contributorId":127685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkening","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7111,"text":"U. Colorado, Boulder, Dept. Ecology & Evol.Biol., PhD Student","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70200727,"text":"70200727 - 2011 - USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:21:22","indexId":"70200727","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T09:10:11","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has resulted in the restoration of &gt;2 million ha of wetland and grassland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Restoration of habitats through these programs provides diverse ecosystem services to society, but few investigators have evaluated the environmental benefits achieved by these programs. We describe changes in wetland processes, functions, and ecosystem services that occur when wetlands and adjacent uplands on agricultural lands are restored through Farm Bill conservation programs. At the scale of wetland catchments, projects have had positive impacts on water storage, reduction in sedimentation and nutrient loading, plant biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. However, lack of information on the geographic location of restored catchments relative to landscape‐level factors (e.g., watershed, proximity to rivers and lakes) limits interpretation of ecosystem services that operate at multiple scales such as floodwater retention, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat suitability. Considerable opportunity exists for the USDA to incorporate important landscape factors to better target conservation practices and programs to optimize diverse ecosystem services. Restoration of hydrologic processes within wetlands (e.g., hydroperiod, water level dynamics) also requires a better understanding of the influence of conservation cover composition and structure, and management practices that occur in uplands surrounding wetlands. Although conservation programs have enhanced delivery of ecosystem services in the PPR, the use of programs to provide long‐term critical ecosystem services is uncertain because when contracts (especially CRP) expire, economic incentives may favor conversion of land to crop production, rather than reenrollment. As demands for agricultural products (food, fiber, biofuel) increase, Farm Bill conservation programs will become increasingly important to ensure provisioning of ecosystem services to society, especially in agriculturally dominated landscapes. Thus, continued development and support for conservation programs legislated through the Farm Bill will require a more comprehensive understanding of wetland ecological services to better evaluate program achievements relative to conservation goals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0216.1","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R.A., Euliss, N., Tangen, B., Laubhan, M.K., and Browne, B., 2011, USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services in the Prairie Pothole Region: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. sp1, p. S65-S81, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0216.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"S65","endPage":"S81","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c0d5e4b034bf6a7f16b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":192021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tangen, Brian 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":167277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laubhan, M. K.","contributorId":58583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043640,"text":"70043640 - 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Elwha River Science Symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T16:33:22.593722","indexId":"70043640","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Proceedings of the 2011 Elwha River Science Symposium","docAbstract":"<p>After years of anticipation, volumes of Environmental Impact Statements, multiple mitigation projects, and the multidisciplinary collection of predam removal data, the deconstruction phase of the Elwha River restoration officially began on September 17th, 2011. With their simultaneous decommissioning, the removal of the 64 m tall Glines Canyon Dam and the 33 m tall Elwha Dam represents one of the largest such projects of its kind in North America. It&rsquo;s also an excellent opportunity to study large-scale ecosystem restoration, as the majority of the reconnected habitat that will become available to recolonizing salmon occurs in the protected wilderness areas of Olympic National Park. As part of a week-long series of &lsquo;Celebrate Elwha&rsquo; events, which culminated with a moving ceremony commemorating the official launch of dam removal, I was proud to work with a number of dedicated people, listed below, to organize the two day 2011 Elwha River Science Symposium.</p>\n<p>Many of the scientists working on the Elwha project have regularly met, since around 2004, for annual meetings. Loosely organized under the auspices of the Elwha Research and Elwha Nearshore consortia, the annual meetings have been informative for many reasons, including the sharing of study plans, field schedules, and preliminary results. It has been a great way for groups of physical scientists and groups of biologists to learn about the questions of interest to each group and to explore areas of overlap. In some cases, these meetings have spawned new collaborations, synergies, and research directions. In planning for the 2011 Elwha River Science Symposium, we sought to retain this espirit de corps, but realized that the start of dam removal heralded an important new phase of the project and called for an event that celebrated this special occasion.&nbsp;</p>","conferenceTitle":"Elwha River Science Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 14-16, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Port Angeles, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Watershed Institute","publisherLocation":"Port Angeles, Washington","usgsCitation":"2011, Proceedings of the 2011 Elwha River Science Symposium, vii, 68 p.","productDescription":"vii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037927","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastalwatershedinstitute.org/resources-links/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.45,\n              48.136488877992974\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68396159504877,\n              48.136488877992974\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68396159504877,\n              47.51745573499318\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.45,\n              47.51745573499318\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.45,\n              48.136488877992974\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","tableOfContents":"<p><strong>Oral Presentations</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Fish and Wildlife</strong></p>\n<p>A Riverscape Perspective of Fish and Habitat Throughout 45 Miles of the Elwha River Prior to Dam Removal. Samuel J. Brenkman, Jeffrey J. Duda, et al.</p>\n<p>Use of a Floating Weir to Assess Salmonids in the Elwha River Prior to Dam Removal. Kent Mayer, Mara Zimmerman, et al.</p>\n<p>Resident Rainbow Trout Populations are Genetically Divergent From One Another and From Downstream Anadromous Steelhead in the Elwha River. Gary A. Winans and John Baker</p>\n<p>Where We Are Today: A Quantitative Baseline for Assessing Response of Elwha River Chinook Salmon to Dam Removal. Mara Zimmerman, Kent Mayer, et al.</p>\n<p>Riparian Mammal and Amphibian Communities Prior to Dam Removal and Ecosystem Restoration in the Elwha Valley, Washington. Kurt Jenkins, Nathan Chelgren, et al.</p>\n<p>Enaging Birds in Elwha Vegetation Restoration. John McLaughlin</p>\n<p>Elwha Aquatic Foodweb Research: Baseline, Experimental, and Future Datasets. Sarah Morley, Jeffrey Duda, et al.</p>\n<p>A Genetic Analysis Comparing Pink Salmon in the Elwha and Dungeness Rivers. Maureen P. Small, Alice E. Fry, et al.</p>\n<p><strong>River Physical Science</strong></p>\n<p>Elwha River Restoration: Adaptive Sediment Management and Monitoring Program. Jennifer Bountry, Tim Randle, et al.</p>\n<p>The Morphodynamics of Sediment Movement Through a Reservoir During Dam Removal. Chris Bromley, Colin Thorne, et al.</p>\n<p>An Overview of Elwha River Hydrology and Its Role in Ecosystem Restoration. Christopher P. Konrad</p>\n<p>Monitoring of Suspended-Sediment Load in the Lower Elwha River, Washington, USA, During the First Two Years of Dam Removal. Christopher S. Magirl, Christopher A. Curran, et al.</p>\n<p>Influence of Dams on Floodplain Dynamics and Grain Size Distributions in the Elwha River, and Expected Responses to Dam Removal. Tim Beechie, Kris Kloehn, et al.</p>\n<p>Channel Evolution on the Dammed Elwha River, 1939 to 2010. Amy E. Draut, Joshua B. Logan, et al.</p>\n<p>Results of 12 Years of Habitat Restoration in the Lower Elwha River and Preparation for Dam Removal. Mike McHenry, Tim Abbe</p>\n<p>The Importance of Floodplain Channels in the Elwha River Dam Removal. George Pess, Mike McHenry, et al.</p>\n<p><strong>Nearshore Physical Science</strong></p>\n<p>Dispersal of Fine Sediment From the Elwha River &mdash; the Potential Effects of Dam Removal on Coastal Turbidity and Sedimentation. Guy Gelfenbaum, Jonathan Warrick, et al.</p>\n<p>The Elwha Delta: Shrinking or Growing? Ian Miller, Jon Warrick, et al.</p>\n<p>Fine-Grained Sediment Dispersal from the Elwha River, Present and Future, and Expectations for Seabed Changes Near the Mouth of the Elwha River in the Coastal Strait of Juan de Fuca. Andrea S. Ogston, Charles A. Nittrouer, et al.</p>\n<p>The Elwha River Estuary &ndash; An Overview of Its Morphology and Hydrology. Jonathan Warrick and Matt Beirne</p>\n<p><strong>Cultural/Human</strong></p>\n<p>Archeological Research in the Elwha Valley: How River Restoration Has Contributed to Understanding Native American Use of the Elwha Watershed. Dave Conca and Kim Kwarsick</p>\n<p>Manufacturing a New Hydroscape Era: Semantics of Restoration in the Elwha Waters. Enrique Lanz Oca</p>\n<p>Removal of Elwha and Glines Dams &mdash; Revisiting Benefits. Philip Meyer</p>\n<p>The Elwha River: Its Human History Jacilee Wray, Adeline Smith, et al.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5724868be4b0b13d391596e3","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Barbero, Kiley","contributorId":168502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbero","given":"Kiley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626157,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrow, Tara","contributorId":168503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrow","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626158,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Anne","contributorId":168504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626159,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":3323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626160,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626161,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blackie, Barbara","contributorId":168505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626162,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lear, Cathy","contributorId":168506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lear","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626163,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70156309,"text":"70156309 - 2011 - Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T13:15:54","indexId":"70156309","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"<p>The National Park Service (NPS) accommodates nearly 300 million visitors per year, visitation that presents managers with substantial challenges at some 394 park units across some 83.6 million acres of protected lands. An increasing number of visitors inevitably contribute negative effects to fragile natural and cultural resources. Such visitation - related resource impacts can degrade natural conditions and processes and the quality of recreation experiences. According to the NPS Management Policies: ―The fundamental purpose of the national park system , established by the Organic Act and reaffirmed by the General Authorities Act, as amended, begins with a mandate to conserve park resources and values...The fundamental purpose of all parks also includes providing for the enjoyment of park resources and values by the people of the United States.‖ (NPS 2006 b , Section 1.4.3). However, what might appear to be dual mandates, visitation and resource protection, are clarified to reveal the primacy of resource protection. The Management Policies acknowledge that so me resource degradation is an inevitable consequence of visitation, but directs managers to ―ensure that any adverse impacts are the minimum necessary, unavoidable, cannot be further mitigated, and do not constitute impairment or derogation of park resources and values‖ (NPS 2006 b ).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70156309","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., and Wimpey, J., 2011, Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70156309.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.16064453124997,\n              62.51992320796958\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.16064453124997,\n              63.38167869302983\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.403076171875,\n              63.38167869302983\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.403076171875,\n              62.51992320796958\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.16064453124997,\n              62.51992320796958\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b2e4b0518e3546a4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy","contributorId":41953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005668,"text":"ofr20111228 - 2011 - Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T15:46:29","indexId":"ofr20111228","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1228","title":"Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application","docAbstract":"This document describes the concept, organization, and application of a hierarchical ecosystem classification that integrates saline and tidal freshwater reaches of estuaries in order to characterize the ecosystems of large flood plain rivers that are strongly influenced by riverine and estuarine hydrology. We illustrate the classification by applying it to the Columbia River estuary (Oregon-Washington, USA), a system that extends about 233 river kilometers (rkm) inland from the Pacific Ocean. More than three-quarters of this length is tidal freshwater. The Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification (\"Classification\") is based on six hierarchical levels, progressing from the coarsest, regional scale to the finest, localized scale: (1) Ecosystem Province; (2) Ecoregion; (3) Hydrogeomorphic Reach; (4) Ecosystem Complex; (5) Geomorphic Catena; and (6) Primary Cover Class. We define and map Levels 1-3 for the entire Columbia River estuary with existing geospatial datasets, and provide examples of Levels 4-6 for one hydrogeomorphic reach. In particular, three levels of the Classification capture the scales and categories of ecosystem structure and processes that are most tractable to estuarine research, monitoring, and management. These three levels are the (1) eight hydrogeomorphic reaches that embody the formative geologic and tectonic processes that created the existing estuarine landscape and encompass the influence of the resulting physiography on interactions between fluvial and tidal hydrology and geomorphology across 230 kilometers (km) of estuary, (2) more than 15 ecosystem complexes composed of broad landforms created predominantly by geologic processes during the Holocene, and (3) more than 25 geomorphic catenae embedded within ecosystem complexes that represent distinct geomorphic landforms, structures, ecosystems, and habitats, and components of the estuarine landscape most likely to change over short time periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Washington and the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership","usgsCitation":"Simenstad, C.A., Burke, J.L., O'Connor, J., Cannon, C., Heatwole, D.W., Ramirez, M.F., Waite, I.R., Counihan, T.D., and Jones, K.L., 2011, Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1228, vi, 38 p.; Appendix; Figures; Tables; XLSX Download of Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111228.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.; Appendix; Figures; Tables; XLSX Download of Appendix A","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1228.jpg"},{"id":94266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.25,45 ], [ -124.25,47 ], [ -123.75,47 ], [ -123.75,45 ], [ -124.25,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simenstad, Charles A.","contributorId":88477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simenstad","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Jennifer L.","contributorId":61147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heatwole, Danelle W.","contributorId":70104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heatwole","given":"Danelle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramirez, Mary F.","contributorId":107844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70005669,"text":"ofr20111269 - 2011 - DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-24T08:58:05","indexId":"ofr20111269","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1269","title":"DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling","docAbstract":"<p>DS analyzes count data to estimate density or relative density and population size when appropriate. The software is no longer available. The software was designed to analyze data collected using double sampling, but it also can be used to analyze index data. DS is not currently configured to apply distance methods or methods based on capture-recapture theory. Double sampling for the purpose of this report means surveying a sample of locations with a rapid method of unknown accuracy and surveying a subset of these locations using a more intensive method assumed to yield unbiased estimates. \"Detection ratios\" are calculated as the ratio of results from rapid surveys on intensive plots to the number actually present as determined from the intensive surveys. The detection ratios are used to adjust results from the rapid surveys. The formula for density is (results from rapid survey)/(estimated detection ratio from intensive surveys). Population sizes are estimated as (density)(area). Double sampling is well-established in the survey sampling literature—see Cochran (1977) for the basic theory, Smith (1995) for applications of double sampling in waterfowl surveys, Bart and Earnst (2002, 2005) for discussions of its use in wildlife studies, and Bart and others (in press) for a detailed account of how the method was used to survey shorebirds across the arctic region of North America. Indices are surveys that do not involve complete counts of well-defined plots or recording information to estimate detection rates (Thompson and others, 1998). In most cases, such data should not be used to estimate density or population size but, under some circumstances, may be used to compare two densities or estimate how density changes through time or across space (Williams and others, 2005). The Breeding Bird Survey (Sauer and others, 2008) provides a good example of an index survey. Surveyors record all birds detected but do not record any information, such as distance or whether each bird is recorded in subperiods, that could be used to estimate detection rates. Nonetheless, the data are widely used to estimate temporal trends and spatial patterns in abundance (Sauer and others, 2008). DS produces estimates of density (or relative density for indices) by species and stratum. Strata are usually defined using region and habitat but other variables may be used, and the entire study area may be classified as a single stratum. Population size in each stratum and for the entire study area also is estimated for each species. For indices, the estimated totals generally are only useful if (a) plots are surveyed so that densities can be calculated and extrapolated to the entire study area and (b) if the detection rates are close to 1.0. All estimates are accompanied by standard errors (SE) and coefficients of variation (CV, that is, SE/estimate).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111269","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., and Hartley, D., 2011, DS-Software for analyzing data collected using double sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1269, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111269.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1269.png"},{"id":94265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartley, Dana","contributorId":100520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194138,"text":"70194138 - 2011 - Nutrients and sediment in frozen-ground runoff from no-till fields receiving liquid-dairy and solid-beef manures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T16:31:13","indexId":"70194138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrients and sediment in frozen-ground runoff from no-till fields receiving liquid-dairy and solid-beef manures","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrients and sediment in surface runoff from frozen agricultural fields were monitored within three small (16.0 ha [39.5 ac] or less), adjacent basins at a no-till farm in southwest Wisconsin during four winters from 2003 to 2004 through 2006 to 2007. Runoff depths and flow-weighted constituent concentrations were compared to determine the impacts of surface-applied liquid-dairy or solid-beef manure to frozen and/or snow-covered ground. Despite varying the manure type and the rate and timing of applications, runoff depths were not significantly different among basins within each winter period. Sediment losses were low (generally less than 22 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>[20 lb ac</span><sup>−1</sup><span>] in any year) and any statistical differences in sediment concentrations among basins were not related to the presence or absence of manure or the amount of runoff. Concentrations and losses of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly increased in basins that had either manure type applied less than one week preceding runoff. These increases occurred despite relatively low application rates. Lower concentrations and losses were measured in basins that had manure applied in fall and early winter and an extended period of time (months) had elapsed before the first runoff event. The highest mean, flow-weighted concentrations of total nitrogen (31.8 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and total phosphorus (10.9 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) occurred in winter 2003 to 2004, when liquid-dairy manure was applied less than one week before runoff. On average, dissolved phosphorus accounted for over 80% of all phosphorus measured in runoff during frozen-ground periods. The data collected as part of this study add to the limited information on the quantity and quality of frozen-ground runoff at field edges, and the results highlight the importance of manure management decisions during frozen-ground periods to minimize nutrients lost in surface runoff.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.66.5.303","usgsCitation":"Komiskey, M.J., Stuntebeck, T.D., Frame, D.R., and Madison, F.W., 2011, Nutrients and sediment in frozen-ground runoff from no-till fields receiving liquid-dairy and solid-beef manures: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 66, no. 5, p. 303-312, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.5.303.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"312","ipdsId":"IP-017950","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.5.303","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.2889,\n              42.6458\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2833,\n              42.6458\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2833,\n              42.6542\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2889,\n              42.6542\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2889,\n              42.6458\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107bce4b06e28e9c255f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frame, Dennis R.","contributorId":77282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madison, Fred W.","contributorId":151052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madison","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":18172,"text":"UW-Madison Dept. of Soil Science, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192584,"text":"70192584 - 2011 - Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:41:10","indexId":"70192584","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earthquake source parameters are important for earthquake studies and seismic hazard assessment. Moment tensors are among the most important earthquake source parameters, and are now routinely derived using modern broadband seismic networks around the world. Similar waveform inversion techniques can also apply to other available data, including strong-motion seismograms. Strong-motion waveforms are also broadband, and recorded in many regions since the 1980s. Thus, strong-motion data can be used to augment moment tensor catalogs with a much larger dataset than that available from the high-gain, broadband seismic networks. However, a systematic comparison between the moment tensors derived from strong motion waveforms and high-gain broadband waveforms has not been available. In this study, we inverted the source mechanisms of Taiwan earthquakes between 1993 and 2009 by using the regional moment tensor inversion method using digital data from several hundred stations in the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). By testing different velocity models and filter passbands, we were able to successfully derive moment tensor solutions for 107 earthquakes of M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4.8. The solutions for large events agree well with other available moment tensor catalogs derived from local and global broadband networks. However, for M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.0 or smaller events, we consistently over estimated the moment magnitudes by 0.5 to 1.0. We have tested accelerograms, and velocity waveforms integrated from accelerograms for the inversions, and found the results are similar. In addition, we used part of the catalogs to study important seismogenic structures in the area near Meishan Taiwan which was the site of a very damaging earthquake a century ago, and found that the structures were dominated by events with complex right-lateral strike-slip faulting during the recent decade. The procedures developed from this study may be applied to other strong-motion datasets to compliment or fill gaps in catalogs from regional broadband networks and teleseismic networks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.020","usgsCitation":"Chang, K., Chi, W., Gung, Y., Dreger, D., Lee, W.H., and Chiu, H., 2011, Moment tensor inversions using strong motion waveforms of Taiwan TSMIP data, 1993–2009: Tectonophysics, v. 511, no. 1-2, p. 53-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.020.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-029382","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              119,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              123,\n              21\n            ],\n            [\n              123,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              119,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              119,\n              21\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"511","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f34ee4b09af898c8cdc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Kaiwen","contributorId":198558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Kaiwen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chi, Wu-Cheng","contributorId":26148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"Wu-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gung, Yuancheng","contributorId":198560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gung","given":"Yuancheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas","contributorId":20221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, William H. K. whklee@usgs.gov","contributorId":623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"whklee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":716452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiu, Hung-Chie","contributorId":198557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiu","given":"Hung-Chie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70190437,"text":"70190437 - 2011 - Holocene and late glacial palaeoceanography and palaeolimnology of the Black Sea: Changing sediment provenance and basin hydrography over the past 20,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:19:03","indexId":"70190437","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene and late glacial palaeoceanography and palaeolimnology of the Black Sea: Changing sediment provenance and basin hydrography over the past 20,000 years","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp005\">The elemental geochemistry of Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Black Sea, recovered in box cores from the basin margins and a 5-m gravity core from the central abyssal region of the basin, identifies two terrigenous sediment sources over the last 20&nbsp;kyrs. One source region includes Anatolia and the southern Caucasus; the second region is the area drained by rivers entering the Black Sea from Eastern Europe. Alkali metal:Al and heavy:light rare-earth element ratios reveal that the relative contribution of the two sources shifted abruptly every few thousand years during the late glacial and early Holocene lacustrine phase of the basin. The shifts in source were coeval with changes in the lake level as determined from the distribution of quartz and the heavy mineral-hosted trace elements Ti and Zr.</p><p id=\"sp010\">The geochemistry of the abyssal sediments further recorded a sequence of changes to the geochemistry of the water column following the lacustrine phase, when high salinity Mediterranean water entered the basin beginning 9.3&nbsp;kyrs BP. Bottom water that had been oxic throughout the lake phase became anoxic at approximately 8.4&nbsp;kyrs BP, as recorded by the accumulation from the water column of several redox-sensitive trace metals (Mo, Re, U). The accumulation of organic carbon and several trace nutrients (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) increased sharply ca. 0.4&nbsp;kyrs later, at 8.0&nbsp;kyrs BP, reflecting an increase of primary productivity. Its increase was coeval with a shift in the dinoflagellate ecology from stenohaline to euryhaline assemblages. During this profound environmental change from the lacustrine to the marine phase, the accumulation rate of the lithogenous sediment fraction decreased as much as 10-fold in response to the rise of the water level in the basin from a low stand ca. 9.3&nbsp;ka to its current level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.016","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., and Calvert, S., 2011, Holocene and late glacial palaeoceanography and palaeolimnology of the Black Sea: Changing sediment provenance and basin hydrography over the past 20,000 years: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 19, p. 5597-5624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.016.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"5597","endPage":"5624","ipdsId":"IP-020961","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Black Sea","volume":"75","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a92041e4b07e1a023ccda9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, S.E.","contributorId":12196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70142049,"text":"70142049 - 2011 - Population differences in host immune factors may influence survival of Gunnison's prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys Gunnisoni</i>) during plague outbreaks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T10:32:39","indexId":"70142049","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population differences in host immune factors may influence survival of Gunnison's prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys Gunnisoni</i>) during plague outbreaks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over the past 40 yr, epizootics of plague (</span><i>Yersinia pestis</i><span>) in northern Arizona have reduced populations of the Gunnison&rsquo;s prairie dog (</span><i>Cynomys gunnisoni</i><span>), with the exception of a large population found in the Aubrey Valley (AV). To examine potential mechanisms accounting for their survival, we collected prairie dog serum samples in 2005&ndash;2006 from AV and a neighboring population near Seligman (SE), Arizona. We quantified gene expression at 58 diverse immune proteins using a multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay panel. We found a subset of proteins important in coagulation and inflammation (tissue factor [TF], calbindin [Cal], and thrombopoietin [TPO]) and T-cell responses (CD40L and CD40) that were present in AV at levels two to eight times greater than SE. These results suggest that AV and SE animals might differ in their ability to mount an immune response.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-47.4.968","usgsCitation":"Busch, J.D., Van Andel, R., Cordova, J., Colman, R.E., Keim, P., Rocke, T.E., Leid, J.G., Van Pelt, W.E., and Wagner, D.M., 2011, Population differences in host immune factors may influence survival of Gunnison's prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys Gunnisoni</i>) during plague outbreaks: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 47, no. 4, p. 968-973, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-47.4.968.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"968","endPage":"973","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024640","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.20724487304688,\n              35.475209977972064\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.07746887207031,\n              35.38121266833199\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.06579589843749,\n              35.24281517795507\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.96073913574219,\n              35.17773711131324\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.82752990722656,\n              35.14967013687906\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.6764678955078,\n              35.14461705293515\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.64900207519531,\n              35.17773711131324\n            ],\n            [\n              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,{"id":70193296,"text":"70193296 - 2011 - A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T13:57:35","indexId":"70193296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>We applied the SPARROW model to estimate phosphorus transport from catchments to stream reaches and subsequent delivery to major receiving water bodies in the Southeastern United States (U.S.). We show that six source variables and five land-to-water transport variables are significant (</span><i>p&nbsp;</i><span>&lt;</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>0.05) in explaining 67% of the variability in long-term log-transformed mean annual phosphorus yields. Three land-to-water variables are a subset of landscape characteristics that have been used as transport factors in phosphorus indices developed by state agencies and are identified through experimental research as influencing land-to-water phosphorus transport at field and plot scales. Two land-to-water variables – soil organic matter and soil pH – are associated with phosphorus sorption, a significant finding given that most state-developed phosphorus indices do not explicitly contain variables for sorption processes. Our findings for Southeastern U.S. streams emphasize the importance of accounting for phosphorus present in the soil profile to predict attainable instream water quality. Regional estimates of phosphorus associated with soil-parent rock were highly significant in explaining instream phosphorus yield variability. Model predictions associate 31% of phosphorus delivered to receiving water bodies to geology and the highest total phosphorus yields in the Southeast were catchments with already high background levels that have been impacted by human activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00517.x","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A.M., Hoos, A.B., and Terziotti, S., 2011, A regional modeling framework of phosphorus sources and transport in streams of the southeastern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 991-1010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00517.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1010","ipdsId":"IP-005415","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00517.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236354,"text":"70236354 - 2011 - To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:12:18.931043","indexId":"70236354","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T13:05:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","docAbstract":"<p>This is the third progress report detailing the research about Oriental bittersweet (<i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i>) and fire which has been ongoing for three years. We highlight the further results from three components of the study: 1) Susceptibility of different habitats to invasion of Oriental bittersweet, 2) The impact of fire on established individuals of Oriental bittersweet, and 3) Modeling Oriental bittersweet invasion proliferation and presence on the basis of fire history and vegetation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Fire Science Program","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., Leicht-Young, S.A., Morford, D., and Mulconrey, N., 2011, To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.firescience.gov/projects/08-1-2-10/project/08-1-2-10_PavlovicJFSPThirdReport2011.pdf","size":"1173 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.3248291015625,\n              41.62493858776385\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.32585906982422,\n              41.60414765107674\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.30113983154297,\n              41.59464832679814\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2647476196289,\n              41.5969591019372\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.26337432861328,\n              41.57667280728488\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.22732543945312,\n              41.58771550500517\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.21324920654295,\n              41.59644560350027\n         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Dan","contributorId":296127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morford","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulconrey, Neal","contributorId":152092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulconrey","given":"Neal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18866,"text":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005611,"text":"sir20115117 - 2011 - Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:09:05","indexId":"sir20115117","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5117","title":"Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Oklahoma City, collected water-quality samples from the North Canadian River at the streamflow-gaging station near Harrah, Oklahoma (Harrah station), since 1968, and at an upstream streamflow-gaging station at Britton Road at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Britton Road station), since 1988. Statistical summaries and frequencies of detection of water-quality constituent data from water samples, and summaries of water-quality constituent data from continuous water-quality monitors are described from the start of monitoring at those stations through 2009. Differences in concentrations between stations and time trends for selected constituents were evaluated to determine the effects of: (1) wastewater effluent discharges, (2) changes in land-cover, (3) changes in streamflow, (4) increases in urban development, and (5) other anthropogenic sources of contamination on water quality in the North Canadian River downstream from Oklahoma City. Land-cover changes between 1992 and 2001 in the basin between the Harrah station and Lake Overholser upstream included an increase in developed/barren land-cover and a decrease in pasture/hay land cover. There were no significant trends in median and greater streamflows at either streamflow-gaging station, but there were significant downward trends in lesser streamflows, especially after 1999, which may have been associated with decreases in precipitation between 1999 and 2009 or construction of low-water dams on the river upstream from Oklahoma City in 1999. Concentrations of dissolved chloride, lead, cadmium, and chlordane most frequently exceeded the Criterion Continuous Concentration (a water-quality standard for protection of aquatic life) in water-quality samples collected at both streamflow-gaging stations. Visual trends in annual frequencies of detection were investigated for selected pesticides with frequencies of detection greater than 10 percent in all water samples collected at both streamflow-gaging stations. Annual frequencies of detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bromacil increased with time. Annual frequencies of detection of atrazine, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorprop, and lindane decreased with time. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in water samples collected at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station, whereas specific conductance was greater at the Britton Road station. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal coliform bacteria were not significantly different between stations. Daily minimum, mean, and maximum specific conductance collected from continuous water-quality monitors were significantly greater at the Britton Road station than in water samples collected at the Harrah station. Daily minimum, maximum, and diurnal fluctuations of water temperature collected from continuous water-quality monitors were significantly greater at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station. The daily maximums and diurnal range of dissolved oxygen concentrations were significantly greater in water samples collected at the Britton Road station than at the Harrah station, but daily mean dissolved oxygen concentrations in water at those streamflow-gaging stations were not significantly different. Daily mean and diurnal water temperature ranges increased with time at the Britton Road and Harrah streamflow-gaging stations, whereas daily mean and diurnal specific conductance ranges decreased with time at both streamflow-gaging stations from 1988–2009. Daily minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations collected from continuous water-quality monitors more frequently indicated hypoxic conditions at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station after 1999. Fecal coliform bacteria counts in water decreased slightly from 1988–2009 at the Britton Road station.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Oklahoma City","usgsCitation":"Esralew, R.A., Andrews, W.J., and Smith, S.J., 2011, Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5117, ix, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115117.","productDescription":"ix, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"107","temporalStart":"1968-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5117.gif"},{"id":94249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5117/sir2011-5117.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"North Canadian River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.91666666666667,35.3 ], [ -97.91666666666667,35.63333333333333 ], [ -97.16666666666667,35.63333333333333 ], [ -97.16666666666667,35.3 ], [ -97.91666666666667,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62967c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004613,"text":"70004613 - 2011 - Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T18:00:58.797515","indexId":"70004613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (<i>Megascops asio</i>)","title":"Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Owl clutches typically hatch asynchronously, and brood size hierarchies develop. In this study, we describe intra-clutch variation of testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and corticosterone in Eastern screech owl egg yolks. In order to assess whether these hormones may have originated in the follicle, we also characterize variation of testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone within the exterior, intermediate, and interior regions of the yolk. Concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were distributed relatively evenly across egg lay order with the exception of first-laid eggs that had significantly lower concentrations of both androgens than eggs later in the laying sequence. Corticosterone and estradiol did not vary with laying order. Our results suggest that when food is abundant, yolk hormones are deposited in patterns that minimize sibling differences except to reduce dominance by the first-hatching chick. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations varied throughout the yolk, while corticosterone was evenly distributed throughout the yolk. This supports a follicular origin for both yolk androgens, and an adrenal origin for yolk corticosterone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.001","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., 2011, Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 172, no. 3, p. 423-429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005644,"text":"gip134 - 2011 - 20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"gip134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134","title":"20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]","docAbstract":"This poster summarizes a few of the more significant facts about the series of large earthquakes that struck the New Madrid seismic zone of southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and Kentucky from December 1811 to February 1812. Three earthquakes in this sequence had a magnitude (M) of 7.0 or greater. The first earthquake occurred on December 16, 1811, at 2:15 a.m.; the second on January 23, 1812, at 9 a.m.; and the third on February 7, 1812, at 3:45 a.m. These three earthquakes were among the largest to strike North America since European settlement. The mainshocks were followed by many hundreds of aftershocks that occurred over the next decade. Many of the aftershocks were major earthquakes themselves. The area that was strongly shaken by the three main shocks was 2-3 times as large as the strongly shaken area of the 1964 M9.2 Alaskan earthquake and 10 times as large as that of the 1906 M7.8 San Francisco earthquake. Geologic studies show that the 1811-1812 sequence was not an isolated event in the New Madrid region. The 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence was preceded by at least two other similar sequences in about A.D. 1450 and A.D. 900. Research also indicates that other large earthquakes have occurred in the region surrounding the main New Madrid seismicity trends in the past 5,000 years or so.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip134","collaboration":"Commemorating the Bicentennial of the New Madrid Earthquake Sequence December 1811-February 1812","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., McCallister, N., and Dart, R., 2011, 20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 134, Poster: 24.11 inches x 34.19 inches; Text, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip134.","productDescription":"Poster: 24.11 inches x 34.19 inches; Text","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_134.png"},{"id":94261,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491ce4b0b290850eee5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallister, N.S.","contributorId":92777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dart, R. L.","contributorId":25547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}