The principal mission of the U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in Kansas is to investigate the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of surface and ground water throughout the State. Primary activities include the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of hydrologic data, evaluation of water demands, and water-resources research. Four types of hydrologic investigations are conducted: (1) data-collection activities, (2) statewide or regbnal investigations, (3) local or areal investigations, and (4) research. These studies are funded through joint-funding agreements with State and local agencies, transfer of funds from other Federal agencies, and direct Federal funds.
Forty water-related studies were ongoing during fiscal years 1989 through 1991 in Kansas. This report describes for each study the problem that initiated the study, the objectives of the study, the approach designed to achieve the objectives, and significant milestones and publications that resulted during fiscal years 1989-91. Information on more than 1,800 data-collection stations in Kansas is presented in maps and tables. A list of 81 reports and abstracts published or released by the U.S. Geological Survey, its cooperators, or technical and scientific organizations during calendar years 1989, 1990, and 1991 is provided.
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These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Alabama.\"
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Water analysis included specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, suspended sediment, pH, major dissolved constituents, nutrients, minor constituents, organochlorine insecticides, and biochemical oxygen demand. Biological characteristics included fish tissue analysis for minor constituents and synthetic organic compounds, fish community structure, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Precipitation is the source of 10 to 40% of the chloride concentration and 20 to 30% of the sulfate concentration in stormflow. Mean total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.16 mg/L during low-flow conditions to 1.2 mg/L during stormflow. Organic nitrogen was 60 to 85% of the total nitrogen concentration. Stream water was free of organochlorine insecticides. DDD, DDE, DDT, Lindane, and Mirex were detected in 18 of 60 samples of streambed material. About 35% of fish tissue analyses showed detectable concentrations of copper, lead, mercury and nickel. Synthetic organic chemicals were not detected in fish tissue. Fish community structure data were rated using Karr's Index of Biotic Integrity. Streams rated poor to good because of natural stresses on fish communities. Five streams in the Piedmont and mountains received excellent bioclassification ratings based on benthic macroinvertebrtate data. Two streams in the Coastal Plain rated good to fair because of natural stresses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924129","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, W., 1992, Selected water-quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4129, viii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924129.","productDescription":"viii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, W.S.","contributorId":9689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29283,"text":"wri924117 - 1992 - Evaluation of the use of remote-sensing data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T10:42:33","indexId":"wri924117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4117","title":"Evaluation of the use of remote-sensing data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1989","docAbstract":"Remote-sensing data were used to estimate that 190,000 acre-feet of water was pumped from the Edwards aquifer in 1989 to irrigate crops in Uvalde and Medina Counties. Landsat digital satellite images for March and July 1989 were combined and classified to identify the areas of crops irrigated with water from the Edwards aquifer in the two counties. Normalized difference, the difference between the infrared and red reflectance values divided by the total of those values, was used to discriminate vegetative from nonvegetative ground cover. The images subsequently were classified using maximum likelihood, an unsupervised classification procedure. Detailed vegetation distribution maps of two calibration sites in the study area, and boundaries of the areas probably irrigated in 1989, helped to interpret the results and to separate probable irrigated areas from the rest of the image.
\nResults were verified using crop acreages reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). The total areas for all irrigated crops estimated using remote-sensing data were about 8 percent higher for Uvalde County and about 4 percent higher for Medina County than the areas reported by the ASCS. Irrigated-crop areas subsequently were multiplied by the respective duties of water to calculate the total quantity of water pumped from the aquifer for irrigation. Pumpage did not differ for the two estimates of crop areas for Uvalde County and differed by about 3 percent for Medina County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri924117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Raymond, L., Nalley, G., and Rettman, P., 1992, Evaluation of the use of remote-sensing data to identify crop types and estimate irrigated acreage, Uvalde and Medina counties, Texas, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4117, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924117.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58128,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.8056,29.6968],[-98.8042,29.2513],[-98.8039,29.0884],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.6813,29.0872],[-100.1119,29.0844],[-100.1112,29.3486],[-100.111,29.6236],[-100.0145,29.6237],[-99.6173,29.6257],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.0103,29.6187],[-98.9909,29.6185],[-98.982,29.6148],[-98.9794,29.6129],[-98.9789,29.6102],[-98.9779,29.606],[-98.9801,29.5983],[-98.9818,29.5909],[-98.9819,29.5804],[-98.9836,29.5717],[-98.9837,29.5671],[-98.9832,29.5625],[-98.9811,29.5589],[-98.978,29.5556],[-98.9765,29.5547],[-98.9712,29.5533],[-98.9676,29.5546],[-98.9633,29.5578],[-98.9607,29.5578],[-98.9513,29.5581],[-98.9429,29.5585],[-98.9318,29.5588],[-98.9282,29.5593],[-98.9245,29.562],[-98.9213,29.5665],[-98.8056,29.6968]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Medina\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, L.H.","contributorId":23151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalley, G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rettman, P.L.","contributorId":60663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}