{"pageNumber":"1736","pageRowStart":"43375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184635,"records":[{"id":70005644,"text":"gip134 - 2011 - 20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"gip134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134","title":"20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]","docAbstract":"This poster summarizes a few of the more significant facts about the series of large earthquakes that struck the New Madrid seismic zone of southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and Kentucky from December 1811 to February 1812. Three earthquakes in this sequence had a magnitude (M) of 7.0 or greater. The first earthquake occurred on December 16, 1811, at 2:15 a.m.; the second on January 23, 1812, at 9 a.m.; and the third on February 7, 1812, at 3:45 a.m. These three earthquakes were among the largest to strike North America since European settlement. The mainshocks were followed by many hundreds of aftershocks that occurred over the next decade. Many of the aftershocks were major earthquakes themselves. The area that was strongly shaken by the three main shocks was 2-3 times as large as the strongly shaken area of the 1964 M9.2 Alaskan earthquake and 10 times as large as that of the 1906 M7.8 San Francisco earthquake. Geologic studies show that the 1811-1812 sequence was not an isolated event in the New Madrid region. The 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence was preceded by at least two other similar sequences in about A.D. 1450 and A.D. 900. Research also indicates that other large earthquakes have occurred in the region surrounding the main New Madrid seismicity trends in the past 5,000 years or so.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip134","collaboration":"Commemorating the Bicentennial of the New Madrid Earthquake Sequence December 1811-February 1812","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., McCallister, N., and Dart, R., 2011, 20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 134, Poster: 24.11 inches x 34.19 inches; Text, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip134.","productDescription":"Poster: 24.11 inches x 34.19 inches; Text","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_134.png"},{"id":94261,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491ce4b0b290850eee5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCallister, N.S.","contributorId":92777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dart, R. L.","contributorId":25547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005612,"text":"ofr20111257 - 2011 - Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111257","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1257","title":"Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"In June 2011, the Track Fire burned 113 square kilometers in Colfax County, northeastern New Mexico, and Las Animas County, southeastern Colorado, including the upper watersheds of Chicorica and Raton Creeks. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from basins burned by the Track Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows at the outlets of selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of burn severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall to estimate the probability and volume of post-fire debris flows following the fire. In response to a design storm of 38 millimeters of rain in 30 minutes (10-year recurrence-interval), the probability of debris flow estimated for basins burned by the Track fire ranged between 2 and 97 percent, with probabilities greater than 80 percent identified for the majority of the tributary basins to Raton Creek in Railroad Canyon; six basins that flow into Lake Maloya, including the Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins; two tributary basins to Sugarite Canyon, and an unnamed basin on the eastern flank of the burned area. Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from 30 cubic meters to greater than 100,000 cubic meters. The largest volumes (greater than 100,000 cubic meters) were estimated for Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins, which drain into Lake Maloya. The Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Ranking identifies the Segerstrom Creek and Swachheim Creek basins as having the highest probability of producing the largest debris flows. This finding indicates the greatest post-fire debris-flow impacts may be expected to Lake Maloya. In addition, Interstate Highway 25, Raton Creek and the rail line in Railroad Canyon, County road A-27, and State Highway 526 in Sugarite Canyon may also be affected where they cross drainages downstream from recently burned basins. Although this assessment indicates that a rather large debris flow (approximately 42,000 cubic meters) may be generated from the basin above the City of Raton (basin 9) in response to the design storm, the probability of such an event is relatively low (approximately 10 percent). Additional assessment is necessary to determine if the estimated volume of material is sufficient to travel into the City of Raton. In addition, even small debris flows may affect structures at or downstream from basin outlets and increase the threat of flooding downstream by damaging or blocking flood mitigation structures. The maps presented here may be used to prioritize areas where erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year window of vulnerability following the Track Fire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111257","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Darr, M.J., Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Postwildfire debris flows hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Track Fire, northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1257, iv, 9 p.; Plate 1: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches; Plate 2: 31.65 inches x 20.68 inches; Plate 3: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111257.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.; Plate 1: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches; Plate 2: 31.65 inches x 20.68 inches; Plate 3: 32.34 inches x 21.13 inches","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1257.gif"},{"id":94253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"NAD 1983","datum":"UTM Zone 13","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.53333333333333,36.9 ], [ -104.53333333333333,37.034166666666664 ], [ -104.26666666666667,37.034166666666664 ], [ -104.26666666666667,36.9 ], [ -104.53333333333333,36.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6839f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, Michael J. mjdarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"Michael","email":"mjdarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005630,"text":"ofr20111251 - 2011 - Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1251","title":"Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California","docAbstract":"This report presents an emergency assessment of potential debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2011 Motor fire in the Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, Calif. Statistical-empirical models are used to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows that may be produced from burned drainage basins as a function of different measures of basin burned extent, gradient, and soil physical properties, and in response to a 30-minute-duration, 10-year-recurrence rainstorm. Debris-flow probability and volume estimates are then combined to form a relative hazard ranking for each basin. This assessment provides critical information for issuing warnings, locating and designing mitigation measures, and planning evacuation timing and routes within the first two years following the fire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111251","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Emergency assessment of postwildfire debris-flow hazards for the 2011 Motor Fire, Sierra and Stanislaus National Forests, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1251, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111251.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.91666666666667,37.63333333333333 ], [ -119.91666666666667,37.71666666666667 ], [ -119.8,37.71666666666667 ], [ -119.8,37.63333333333333 ], [ -119.91666666666667,37.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005611,"text":"sir20115117 - 2011 - Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:09:05","indexId":"sir20115117","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5117","title":"Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Oklahoma City, collected water-quality samples from the North Canadian River at the streamflow-gaging station near Harrah, Oklahoma (Harrah station), since 1968, and at an upstream streamflow-gaging station at Britton Road at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Britton Road station), since 1988. Statistical summaries and frequencies of detection of water-quality constituent data from water samples, and summaries of water-quality constituent data from continuous water-quality monitors are described from the start of monitoring at those stations through 2009. Differences in concentrations between stations and time trends for selected constituents were evaluated to determine the effects of: (1) wastewater effluent discharges, (2) changes in land-cover, (3) changes in streamflow, (4) increases in urban development, and (5) other anthropogenic sources of contamination on water quality in the North Canadian River downstream from Oklahoma City. Land-cover changes between 1992 and 2001 in the basin between the Harrah station and Lake Overholser upstream included an increase in developed/barren land-cover and a decrease in pasture/hay land cover. There were no significant trends in median and greater streamflows at either streamflow-gaging station, but there were significant downward trends in lesser streamflows, especially after 1999, which may have been associated with decreases in precipitation between 1999 and 2009 or construction of low-water dams on the river upstream from Oklahoma City in 1999. Concentrations of dissolved chloride, lead, cadmium, and chlordane most frequently exceeded the Criterion Continuous Concentration (a water-quality standard for protection of aquatic life) in water-quality samples collected at both streamflow-gaging stations. Visual trends in annual frequencies of detection were investigated for selected pesticides with frequencies of detection greater than 10 percent in all water samples collected at both streamflow-gaging stations. Annual frequencies of detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bromacil increased with time. Annual frequencies of detection of atrazine, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorprop, and lindane decreased with time. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in water samples collected at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station, whereas specific conductance was greater at the Britton Road station. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal coliform bacteria were not significantly different between stations. Daily minimum, mean, and maximum specific conductance collected from continuous water-quality monitors were significantly greater at the Britton Road station than in water samples collected at the Harrah station. Daily minimum, maximum, and diurnal fluctuations of water temperature collected from continuous water-quality monitors were significantly greater at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station. The daily maximums and diurnal range of dissolved oxygen concentrations were significantly greater in water samples collected at the Britton Road station than at the Harrah station, but daily mean dissolved oxygen concentrations in water at those streamflow-gaging stations were not significantly different. Daily mean and diurnal water temperature ranges increased with time at the Britton Road and Harrah streamflow-gaging stations, whereas daily mean and diurnal specific conductance ranges decreased with time at both streamflow-gaging stations from 1988–2009. Daily minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations collected from continuous water-quality monitors more frequently indicated hypoxic conditions at the Harrah station than at the Britton Road station after 1999. Fecal coliform bacteria counts in water decreased slightly from 1988–2009 at the Britton Road station.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Oklahoma City","usgsCitation":"Esralew, R.A., Andrews, W.J., and Smith, S.J., 2011, Evaluation and trends of land cover, streamflow, and water quality in the North Canadian River Basin near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1968-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5117, ix, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115117.","productDescription":"ix, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"107","temporalStart":"1968-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5117.gif"},{"id":94249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5117/sir2011-5117.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"North Canadian River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.91666666666667,35.3 ], [ -97.91666666666667,35.63333333333333 ], [ -97.16666666666667,35.63333333333333 ], [ -97.16666666666667,35.3 ], [ -97.91666666666667,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62967c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esralew, Rachel A.","contributorId":104862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esralew","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005257,"text":"70005257 - 2011 - Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:24:09.459617","indexId":"70005257","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States","docAbstract":"Analytical results for Pb-concentrations and isotopic ratios from ca. 150 samples of soil A horizon and ca. 145 samples of soil C horizon collected along a 4000-km east&ndash;west transect across the USA are presented. Lead concentrations along the transect show: (1) generally higher values in the soil A-horizon than the C-horizon (median 21 vs. 16.5 mg/kg), (2) an increase in the median value of the soil A-horizon for central to eastern USA (Missouri to Maryland) when compared to the western USA (California to Kansas) (median 26 vs. 20 mg/kg) and (3) a higher A/C ratio for the central to eastern USA (1.35 vs. 1.14). Lead isotopes show a distinct trend across the USA, with the highest <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb ratios occurring in the centre (Missouri, median A-horizon: 1.245; C-horizon: 1.251) and the lowest at both coasts (e.g., California, median A-horizon: 1.195; C-horizon: 1.216). The soil C-horizon samples show generally higher <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb ratios than the A-horizon (median C-horizon: 1.224; A-horizon: 1.219). The <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb-isotope ratios in the soil A horizon show a correlation with the total feldspar content for the same 2500-km portion of the transect from east-central Colorado to the Atlantic coast that shows steadily increasing precipitation. No such correlation exists in the soil C horizon. The data demonstrate the importance of climate and weathering on both Pb-concentration and <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb-isotope ratios in soil samples and natural shifts thereof in the soil profile during soil-forming processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.04.018","usgsCitation":"Reimann, C., Smith, D., Woodruff, L.G., and Flem, B., 2011, Pb-concentrations and Pb-isotope ratios in soils collected along an east-west transect across the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 9-10, p. 1623-1631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.04.018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1631","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"26","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b01f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Clemens","contributorId":40342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Clemens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flem, Belinda","contributorId":31517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flem","given":"Belinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157292,"text":"70157292 - 2011 - Temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70157292,"text":"70157292 - 2011 - Temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northern California","indexId":"70157292","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northern California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70005495,"text":"sir20115169 - 2011 - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds—Observing, Studying, and Managing for Change","indexId":"sir20115169","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds—Observing, Studying, and Managing for Change"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70005495,"text":"sir20115169 - 2011 - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds—Observing, Studying, and Managing for Change","indexId":"sir20115169","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds—Observing, Studying, and Managing for Change"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:49:05.918848","indexId":"70157292","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mass movement processes are a dominant means of supplying sediment to mountainous rivers of north coastal California, but the episodic nature of landslides represents a challenge to interpreting patterns of slope instability. This study compares two major landslide events occurring in 1964-1975 and in 1997 in the Redwood Creek basin in north coastal California. In 1997, a moderate-intensity, long-duration storm with high antecedent precipitation triggered 317 landslides with areas greater than 400 m<sup>2</sup> in the 720-km<sup>2</sup> Redwood Creek basin. The intensity-duration threshold for landslide initiation in 1997 was consistent with previously published values. Aerial photographs (1:6,000 scale) taken a few months after the 1997 storm facilitated the mapping of shallow debris slides, debris flows, and bank failures. The magnitude and location of the 1997 landslides were compared to the distributions of landslides generated by larger floods in 1964, 1972, and 1975. The volume of landslide material produced by the 1997 storm was an order of magnitude less than that generated in the earlier period. During both periods, inner gorge hillslopes produced many landslides, but the relative contribution of tributary basins to overall landslide production differed. Slope stability models can help identify areas susceptible to failure. The 22 percent of the watershed area classified as moderately to highly unstable by the SHALSTAB slope stability model included locations that generated almost 90 percent of the landslide volume during the 1997 storm.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Observing, studying, and managing for change: Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds (SIR 2011-5169)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 26-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., 2011, Temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northern California, <i>in</i> Observing, studying, and managing for change: Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds (SIR 2011-5169), Fairbanks, AK, September 26-30, 2011, p. 149-154.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030348","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/SIR11-5169_508.pdf#page=171"},{"id":342620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.09280776977539,\n              41.28232155310344\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.04302597045898,\n              41.213012872247845\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.97281646728514,\n              41.12656459096768\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.89453887939452,\n              41.03456405894359\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.86655807495117,\n              41.035599942980696\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.84578704833984,\n              41.06382150855228\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.88647079467773,\n              41.12397843209061\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.93556594848634,\n              41.19105625669688\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96354675292969,\n              41.22334284815858\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.9975357055664,\n              41.29921810137475\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.02448654174805,\n              41.3219119180153\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07272338867188,\n              41.31907562295139\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0886878967285,\n              41.30605286603989\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.09280776977539,\n              41.28232155310344\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fbe449e4b05d6c4e502907","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Medley, C. Nicholas","contributorId":146966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Medley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572609,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, Glenn","contributorId":86476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572610,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Melanie J. mparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Melanie","email":"mparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":572611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190219,"text":"70190219 - 2011 - How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-21T09:39:14","indexId":"70190219","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aim </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>To demonstrate how the interrelations of individual movements form large-scale population-level movement patterns and how these patterns are associated with the underlying landscape dynamics by comparing ungulate movements across species.</p><p><strong>Locations </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada, temperate forests in Massachusetts, Patagonian Steppes in Argentina, Eastern Steppes in Mongolia.</p><p><strong>Methods </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>We used relocation data from four ungulate species (barren-ground caribou, Mongolian gazelle, guanaco and moose) to examine individual movements and the interrelation of movements among individuals. We applied and developed a suite of spatial metrics that measure variation in movement among individuals as population dispersion, movement coordination and realized mobility. Taken together, these metrics allowed us to quantify and distinguish among different large-scale population-level movement patterns such as migration, range residency and nomadism. We then related the population-level movement patterns to the underlying landscape vegetation dynamics via long-term remote sensing measurements of the temporal variability, spatial variability and unpredictability of vegetation productivity.</p><p><strong>Results </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Moose, which remained in sedentary home ranges, and guanacos, which were partially migratory, exhibited relatively short annual movements associated with landscapes having very little broad-scale variability in vegetation. Caribou and gazelle performed extreme long-distance movements that were associated with broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity during the peak of the growing season. Caribou exhibited regular seasonal migration in which individuals were clustered for most of the year and exhibited coordinated movements. In contrast, gazelle were nomadic, as individuals were independently distributed and moved in an uncoordinated manner that relates to the comparatively unpredictable (yet broad-scale) vegetation dynamics of their landscape.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>We show how broad-scale landscape unpredictability may lead to nomadism, an understudied type of long-distance movement. In contrast to classical migration where landscapes may vary at broad scales but in a predictable manner, long-distance movements of nomadic individuals are uncoordinated and independent from other such individuals. Landscapes with little broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity feature smaller-scale movements and allow for range residency. Nomadism requires distinct integrative conservation strategies that facilitate long-distance movements across the entire landscape and are not limited to certain migration corridors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x","usgsCitation":"Mueller, T., Olson, K., Dressler, G., Leimgruber, P., Fuller, T.K., Nicholson, C., Novaro, A., Bolgeri, M., Wattles, D.W., DeStefano, S., Calabrese, J., and Fagan, W., 2011, How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 20, no. 5, p. 683-694, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"694","ipdsId":"IP-020939","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Canada, Mongolia, United States","state":"Alaska, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599bf124e4b0b589267ed345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Thomas","contributorId":91393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, K.A.","contributorId":26543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dressler, G.","contributorId":78965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dressler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leimgruber, Peter","contributorId":192406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leimgruber","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":35700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nicholson, Craig","contributorId":80695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Novaro, A.J.","contributorId":31230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novaro","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bolgeri, M.J.","contributorId":34357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolgeri","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wattles, David W.","contributorId":25012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calabrese, J.M.","contributorId":84594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calabrese","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70005601,"text":"ofr20111182 - 2011 - Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111182","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1182","title":"Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"Relationships between habitat selection and population vital rates of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse), recently designated as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act, within the Great Basin are not well-understood. The growing development of renewable energy infrastructure within areas inhabited by sage-grouse is thought to influence predator and vegetation communities. For example, common ravens (Corvus corax), a synanthropic sage-grouse nest predator, are increasing range-wide and select transmission lines and other tall structures for nesting and perching. In the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada, we collected preliminary information of space-use, habitat selection, and population vital rates during the nesting and brood-rearing period over two years on 56 sage-grouse. Additionally, videography at nest sites (n = 22) was used to identify sage-grouse nest predators. The study area is a potential site for renewable energy developments (i.e., wind and solar), and we plan to continue monitoring this population using a before-after-control-impact study design. The results reported here are preliminary and further data are required before conclusions can be drawn from this population of sage-grouse.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Idaho State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Lockyer, Z.B., Farinha, M.A., Sweeney, J.M., Johnson, V.M., Meshriy, M.G., Espinosa, S.P., Delehanty, D.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, Preliminary analysis of Greater Sage-grouse reproduction in the Virginia Mountains of northwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1182, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111182.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1182.jpg"},{"id":94258,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cbad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockyer, Zachary B.","contributorId":91614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockyer","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farinha, Melissa A.","contributorId":7791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweeney, Joelle M.","contributorId":91232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Joelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Valerie M.","contributorId":30743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meshriy, Matthew G.","contributorId":16151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meshriy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Espinosa, Shawn P.","contributorId":48298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":80811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70005614,"text":"ofr20111202 - 2011 - Compilation of watershed models for tributaries to the Great Lakes, United States, as of 2010, and identification of watersheds for future modeling for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20111202","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1202","title":"Compilation of watershed models for tributaries to the Great Lakes, United States, as of 2010, and identification of watersheds for future modeling for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","docAbstract":"As part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) during 2009&ndash;10, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compiled a list of existing watershed models that had been created for tributaries within the United States that drain to the Great Lakes. Established Federal programs that are overseen by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) are responsible for most of the existing watershed models for specific tributaries. The NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) uses the Large Basin Runoff Model to provide data for the management of water levels in the Great Lakes by estimating United States and Canadian inflows to the Great Lakes from 121 large watersheds. GLERL also simulates streamflows in 34 U.S. watersheds by a grid-based model, the Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model. The NOAA National Weather Service uses the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model to predict flows at river forecast sites. The USACE created or funded the creation of models for at least 30 tributaries to the Great Lakes to better understand sediment erosion, transport, and aggradation processes that affect Federal navigation channels and harbors. Many of the USACE hydrologic models have been coupled with hydrodynamic and sediment-transport models that simulate the processes in the stream and harbor near the mouth of the modeled tributary. Some models either have been applied or have the capability of being applied across the entire Great Lakes Basin; they are (1) the SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model, which was developed by the USGS; (2) the High Impact Targeting (HIT) and Digital Watershed models, which were developed by the Institute of Water Research at Michigan State University; (3) the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L&ndash;THIA) model, which was developed by researchers at Purdue University; and (4) the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, which was developed by the National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. During 2010, the USGS used the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) to create a hydrologic model for the Lake Michigan Basin to assess the probable effects of climate change on future groundwater and surface-water resources. The Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER) model and the Analysis of Flows In Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) program also were used to support USGS GLRI projects that required estimates of streamflows throughout the Great Lakes Basin. This information on existing watershed models, along with an assessment of geologic, soils, and land-use data across the Great Lakes Basin and the identification of problems that exist in selected tributary watersheds that could be addressed by a watershed model, was used to identify three watersheds in the Great Lakes Basin for future modeling by the USGS. These watersheds are the Kalamazoo River Basin in Michigan, the Tonawanda Creek Basin in New York, and the Bad River Basin in Wisconsin. These candidate watersheds have hydrogeologic, land-type, and soil characteristics that make them distinct from each other, but that are representative of other tributary watersheds within the Great Lakes Basin. These similarities in the characteristics among nearby watersheds will enhance the usefulness of a model by improving the likelihood that parameter values from a previously modeled watershed could reliably be used in the creation of a model of another watershed in the same region. The software program Hydrological Simulation Program&ndash;Fortran (HSPF) was selected to simulate the hydrologic, sedimentary, and water-quality processes in these selected watersheds. HSPF is a versatile, process-based, continuous-simulation model that has been used extensively by the scientific community, has the ongoing technical support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS, and provides a means to evaluate the effects that land-use changes or management practices might have on the simulated processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., Murphy, E., Soong, D., and Sharpe, J.B., 2011, Compilation of watershed models for tributaries to the Great Lakes, United States, as of 2010, and identification of watersheds for future modeling for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1202, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111202.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"29","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1202.gif"},{"id":94254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,40 ], [ -94,49 ], [ -73,49 ], [ -73,40 ], [ -94,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005654,"text":"ds595 - 2011 - Geophysical, geochemical, mineralogical, and enivronmental data for rock samples collected in a mineralized volcanic environment, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ds595","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"595","title":"Geophysical, geochemical, mineralogical, and enivronmental data for rock samples collected in a mineralized volcanic environment, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report provides analyses of 90 rock samples collected in the upper Animas River watershed near Silverton, Colo., from 2001 to 2007. The samples are analyzed for geophysical, geochemical, mineralogical, and environmental rock properties of acid neutralizing capacity and net acid production. The database is derived from both published (n=68) and unpublished (n=32) data. New for all samples are geophysical measurements of electrical resistivity, density, and porosity. Rock samples were acquired from 12 geologic units that include key Tertiary volcanic and plutonic lithologies, all with varying degrees of alteration.\nThe purpose of this study is to\n* provide a comprehensive and complete record of U.S. Geological Survey rock samples collected and similarly analyzed in the upper Animas River watershed for various physical, chemical, and geoenvironmental properties;\n* provide measurements of geophysical rock properties of lithologic units to establish ground truth with respect to watershed-scale airborne magnetic and electrical survey data;\n* use the data to interpret the airborne geophysical anomalies to characterize rocks in terms of acid neutralizing capacity or net acid production; and\n* provide measurements to study the geochemical, mineralogical, and geophysical characteristics of rocks having weak to extreme degrees of alteration and to develop an understanding of how these characteristics change with alteration type.  Data are provided in two digital formats: an Arc/Info geodatabase and a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds595","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, A.E., Horton, R.J., Stanton, M., McDougal, R., and Fey, D., 2011, Geophysical, geochemical, mineralogical, and enivronmental data for rock samples collected in a mineralized volcanic environment, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 595, iv, 13 p.; Relational Geodatabase; Data Tables; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds595.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Relational Geodatabase; Data Tables; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_595.png"},{"id":94263,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/595/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.83333333333333,37.75 ], [ -107.83333333333333,38 ], [ -107.5,38 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.83333333333333,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, M.R.","contributorId":103684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougal, R.R.","contributorId":32268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005646,"text":"ds600 - 2011 - Occurrence of pesticides in surface water and sediments from three central California coastal watersheds, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ds600","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"600","title":"Occurrence of pesticides in surface water and sediments from three central California coastal watersheds, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"Water and sediment (bed and suspended) were collected from January 2008 through October 2009 from 12 sites in 3 of the largest watersheds along California's Central Coast (Pajaro, Salinas, and Santa Maria Rivers) and analyzed for a suite of pesticides by the U.S. Geological Survey. Water samples were collected in each watershed from the estuaries and major tributaries during 4 storm events and 11 dry season sampling events in 2008 and 2009. Bed sediments were collected from depositional zones at the tributary sampling sites three times over the course of the study. Suspended sediment samples were collected from the major tributaries during the four storm events and in the tributaries and estuaries during three dry season sampling events in 2009.  Water samples were analyzed for 68 pesticides using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 38 pesticides were detected in 144 water samples, and 13 pesticides were detected in more than half the samples collected over the course of the study. Dissolved pesticide concentrations ranged from below their method detection limits to 36,000 nanograms per liter (boscalid). The most frequently detected pesticides in water from all the watersheds were azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, DCPA, diazinon, oxyfluorfen, prometryn, and propyzamide, which were found in more than 80 percent of the samples. On average, detection frequencies and concentrations were higher in samples collected during winter storm events compared to the summer dry season. With the exception of the fungicide, myclobutanil, the Santa Maria estuary watershed exhibited higher pesticide detection frequencies than the Pajaro and Salinas watersheds.  Bed and suspended sediment samples were analyzed for 55 pesticides using accelerated solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatography for sulfur removal, and carbon/alumina stacked solid-phase extraction cartridges to remove interfering sediment matrices. In bed sediment samples, 17 pesticides were detected including pyrethroid and organophosphate (OP) insecticides, p,p'-DDT and its degradates, as well as several herbicides. The only pesticides detected more than half the time were p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT. Maximum pesticide concentrations ranged from less than their respective method detection limits to 234 micrograms per kilogram (p,p'-DDE). Four pyrethroids (bifenthrin, &# 955;-cyhalothrin, permethrin, and &# 964;-fluvalinate) were detected in bed sediment samples, though concentrations were relatively low (less than 10 microgram per kilogram). The greatest number of pesticides were detected in samples collected from Lower Orcutt Creek, the major tributary to the Santa Maria estuary. In suspended sediment samples, 19 pesticides were detected, and maximum concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limits to 549 micrograms per kilogram (chlorpyrifos). The most frequently detected pesticides were p,p'-DDE (49 percent), p,p'-DDT (38 percent), and chlorpyrifos (32 percent). During storm events, 19 pesticides were detected in suspended sediment samples compared to 10 detected during the dry season. Pesticide concentrations commonly were higher in suspended sediments during storm events than during the dry season, as well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds600","collaboration":"In cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., and Orlando, J., 2011, Occurrence of pesticides in surface water and sediments from three central California coastal watersheds, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 600, x, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds600.","productDescription":"x, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_600.jpg"},{"id":94262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/600/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,34 ], [ -122.5,37.5 ], [ -121,37.5 ], [ -121,34 ], [ -122.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004613,"text":"70004613 - 2011 - Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T18:00:58.797515","indexId":"70004613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (<i>Megascops asio</i>)","title":"Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Owl clutches typically hatch asynchronously, and brood size hierarchies develop. In this study, we describe intra-clutch variation of testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and corticosterone in Eastern screech owl egg yolks. In order to assess whether these hormones may have originated in the follicle, we also characterize variation of testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone within the exterior, intermediate, and interior regions of the yolk. Concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were distributed relatively evenly across egg lay order with the exception of first-laid eggs that had significantly lower concentrations of both androgens than eggs later in the laying sequence. Corticosterone and estradiol did not vary with laying order. Our results suggest that when food is abundant, yolk hormones are deposited in patterns that minimize sibling differences except to reduce dominance by the first-hatching chick. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations varied throughout the yolk, while corticosterone was evenly distributed throughout the yolk. This supports a follicular origin for both yolk androgens, and an adrenal origin for yolk corticosterone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.001","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., 2011, Patterns of maternal yolk hormones in eastern screech owl eggs (Megascops asio): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 172, no. 3, p. 423-429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005655,"text":"ofr20111266 - 2011 - Digital archive of drilling mud weight pressures and wellbore temperatures from 49 regional cross sections of 967 well logs in Louisiana and Texas, onshore Gulf of Mexico basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"ofr20111266","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1266","title":"Digital archive of drilling mud weight pressures and wellbore temperatures from 49 regional cross sections of 967 well logs in Louisiana and Texas, onshore Gulf of Mexico basin","docAbstract":"This document provides the digital archive of in-situ temperature and drilling mud weight pressure data that were compiled from several historical sources. The data coverage includes the states of Texas and Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico basin. Data are also provided graphically, for both Texas and Louisiana, as plots of temperature as a function of depth and pressure as a function of depth. The minimum, arithmetic average, and maximum values are tabulated for each 1,000-foot depth increment for temperature as well as pressure in the Texas and Louisiana data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111266","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., Kinney, S.A., and Kola-Kehinde, T.B., 2011, Digital archive of drilling mud weight pressures and wellbore temperatures from 49 regional cross sections of 967 well logs in Louisiana and Texas, onshore Gulf of Mexico basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1266, iv, 14 p.; Louisiana XLS; Texas XLS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111266.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; Louisiana XLS; Texas XLS","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1266.png"},{"id":94264,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kola-Kehinde, Temidayo B.","contributorId":54336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kola-Kehinde","given":"Temidayo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005582,"text":"sir20115041 - 2011 - Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:10:05","indexId":"sir20115041","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5041","title":"Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Umpqua River drains 12,103 square kilometers of western Oregon; with headwaters in the Cascade Range, the river flows through portions of the Klamath Mountains and Oregon Coast Range before entering the Pacific Ocean. Above the head of tide, the Umpqua River, along with its major tributaries, the North and South Umpqua Rivers, flows on a mixed bedrock and alluvium bed, alternating between bedrock rapids and intermittent, shallow gravel bars composed of gravel to cobble-sized clasts. These bars have been a source of commercial aggregate since the mid-twentieth century. Below the head of tide, the Umpqua River contains large bars composed of mud and sand. Motivated by ongoing permitting and aquatic habitat concerns related to in-stream gravel mining on the fluvial reaches, this study evaluated spatial and temporal trends in channel change and bed-material transport for 350 kilometers of river channel along the Umpqua, North Umpqua, and South Umpqua Rivers. The assessment produced (1) detailed mapping of the active channel, using aerial photographs and repeat surveys, and (2) a quantitative estimation of bed-material flux that drew upon detailed measurements of particle size and lithology, equations of transport capacity, and a sediment yield analysis. Bed-material transport capacity estimates at 45 sites throughout the South Umpqua and main stem Umpqua Rivers for the period 1951-2008 result in wide-ranging transport capacity estimates, reflecting the difficulty of applying equations of bed-material transport to a supply-limited river. Median transport capacity values calculated from surface-based equations of bedload transport for each of the study reaches provide indications of maximum possible transport rates and range from 8,000 to 27,000 metric tons per year (tons/yr) for the South Umpqua River and 20,000 to 82,000 metric tons/yr for the main stem Umpqua River upstream of the head of tide; the North Umpqua River probably contributes little bed material. A plausible range of average annual transport rates for the South and main stem Umpqua Rivers, based on bedload transport capacity estimates for bars with reasonable values for reference shear stress, is between 500 and 20,000 metric tons/yr. An empirical bed-material yield analysis predicts 20,000-50,000 metric tons/yr on the South Umpqua River and main stem Umpqua River through the Oregon Coast Range, decreasing to approximately 30,000 metric tons/yr at the head of tide. Surveys of individual mining sites in the South Umpqua River indicate minimum local bed-material flux rates that are typically less than 10,000 metric tons/yr but range up to 30,600 metric tons/yr in high-flow years. On the basis of all of these analyses, actual bedload flux in most years is probably less than 25,000 metric tons/yr in the South Umpqua and main stem Umpqua Rivers, with the North Umpqua River probably contributing negligible amounts. For comparison, the estimated annual volume of commercial gravel extraction from the South Umpqua River between 2001 and 2004 ranged from 610 to 36,570 metric tons, indicating that historical in-stream gravel extraction may have been a substantial fraction of the overall bedload flux.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., O'Connor, J., Anderson, S., Keith, M., Cannon, C., and Risley, J.C., 2011, Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5041, viii, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115041.","productDescription":"viii, 110 p.","numberOfPages":"124","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5041.jpg"},{"id":94230,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,42.5 ], [ -124.5,44 ], [ -121.75,44 ], [ -121.75,42.5 ], [ -124.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Scott","contributorId":56997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005588,"text":"ofr20111242 - 2011 - Undiscovered petroleum resources for the Woodford Shale and Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale assessment units, Anadarko Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:18:38","indexId":"ofr20111242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1242","title":"Undiscovered petroleum resources for the Woodford Shale and Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale assessment units, Anadarko Basin","docAbstract":"In 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey assessed undiscovered oil and gas resources for the Anadarko Basin Province of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. The assessment included three continuous (unconventional) assessment units (AU). Mean undiscovered resources for the (1) Devonian Woodford Shale Gas AU are about 16 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) and 192 million barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL), (2) Woodford Shale Oil AU are 393 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 2 TCFG, and 59 MMBNGL, and (3) Pennsylvanian Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale Gas AU are 6.8 TCFG and 82 MMBNGL. The continuous gas AUs are mature for gas generation within the deep basin of Oklahoma and Texas. Gas generation from the Woodford Shale source rock started about 335 Ma, and from the Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale AU about 300 Ma. Maturation results are based on vitrinite reflectance data, and on 1D and 4D petroleum system models that calculated vitrinite reflectance (R<sub>o</sub>), and Rock-Eval and hydrous pyrolysis transformation (HP) ratios through time for petroleum source rocks. The Woodford Shale Gas AU boundary and sweet spot were defined mainly on (1) isopach thickness from well-log analysis and published sources; (2) estimated ultimate recoverable production from existing, mainly horizontal, wells; and (3) levels of thermal maturation. Measured and modeled Ro ranges from about 1.2% to 5% in the AU, which represents marginally mature to overmature for gas generation. The sweet spot included most of the Woodford that was deposited within eroded channels in the unconformably underlying Hunton Group. The Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale Gas AU has no known production in the deep basin. This AU boundary is based primarily on the gas generation window, and on thickness and distribution of organic-rich facies from these mainly thin shale and limestone beds. Estimates of organic richness were based on well-log signatures and published data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111242","usgsCitation":"Higley, D.K., 2011, Undiscovered petroleum resources for the Woodford Shale and Thirteen Finger Limestone-Atoka Shale assessment units, Anadarko Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1242, 3 Sheets: Sheet 1: 90.12 inches x 40.13 inches; Sheet 2: 90.12 inches x 40.13 inches; Sheet 3: 64.80 inches x 40.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111242.","productDescription":"3 Sheets: Sheet 1: 90.12 inches x 40.13 inches; Sheet 2: 90.12 inches x 40.13 inches; Sheet 3: 64.80 inches x 40.13 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1242.png"},{"id":94235,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,34 ], [ -104.5,40 ], [ -97,40 ], [ -97,34 ], [ -104.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3f7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005549,"text":"ofr20111204 - 2011 - Summaries of important areas for mineral investment and production opportunities of nonfuel minerals in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T11:45:41.204995","indexId":"ofr20111204","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1204","title":"Summaries of important areas for mineral investment and production opportunities of nonfuel minerals in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO) entered into an agreement with the Afghanistan Geological Survey to study and assess the fuel and nonfuel mineral resources of Afghanistan from October 2009 to September 2011 so that these resources could be economically extracted to expand the economy of Afghanistan. This report summarizes the results of joint studies on 24 important areas of interest (AOIs) of nonfuel mineral resources that were identified for mineral investment and production opportunities in Afghanistan. This report is supported by digital data and archival and non-USGS reports on each AOI, and these data are available from the Afghanistan Geological Survey Data Center in Kabul (http://mom.gov.af/en/ and http://www.bgs.ac.uk/afghanminerals/) and for viewing and download on the USGS public Web site and in a separate viewer at http://mapdss2.er.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Peters, S., King, T., Mack, T.J., and Chornack, M.P., 2011, Summaries of important areas for mineral investment and production opportunities of nonfuel minerals in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1204, 1,810 p.; Appendixes on DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111204.","productDescription":"1,810 p.; Appendixes on DVD","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1204.gif"},{"id":94214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.78122,30.73585],[61.69931,31.37951],[60.94194,31.54807],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.80319,34.4041],[61.21082,35.65007]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69977d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Stephen G. speters@usgs.gov","contributorId":2793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen G.","email":"speters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chornack, Michael P. mpchorna@usgs.gov","contributorId":2431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chornack","given":"Michael","email":"mpchorna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005584,"text":"gip133 - 2011 - Tracking change over time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T11:13:35","indexId":"gip133","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"133","title":"Tracking change over time","docAbstract":"<p>Landsat satellites capture images of Earth from space-and have since 1972! These images provide a long-term record of natural and human-induced changes on the global landscape. Comparing images from multiple years reveals slow and subtle changes as well as rapid and devastating ones. Landsat images are available over the Internet at no charge. Using the free software MultiSpec, students can track changes to the landscape over time-just like remote sensing scientists do! The objective of the Tracking Change Over Time lesson plan is to get students excited about studying the changing Earth. Intended for students in grades 5-8, the lesson plan is flexible and may be used as a student self-guided tutorial or as a teacher-led class lesson. Enhance students' learning of geography, map reading, earth science, and problem solving by seeing landscape changes from space.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip133","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, Tracking change over time (Originally posted September 28, 2011; Version 2.0: March 10, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 133, Teacher: 20 p.; Student: 4 p.; Remote Sensing Student: 4 p.; Urban Area Change-Phoenix, AZ Teacher: 4 p.; Urban Area Change-Phoenix, AZ Student: 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip133.","productDescription":"Teacher: 20 p.; Student: 4 p.; Remote Sensing Student: 4 p.; Urban Area Change-Phoenix, AZ Teacher: 4 p.; Urban Area Change-Phoenix, AZ Student: 2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip133.PNG"},{"id":94231,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Originally posted September 28, 2011; Version 2.0: March 10, 2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005598,"text":"ofr20111248 - 2011 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Indian Gulch burn area, near Golden, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111248","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1248","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Indian Gulch burn area, near Golden, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents an assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned in 2011 by the Indian Gulch wildfire near Golden, Colorado. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and debris-flow volumes for selected drainage basins. Input for the models include measures of burn severity, topographic characteristics, soil properties, and rainfall total and intensity for a (1) 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, (2) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall, and (3) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall.  Estimated debris-flow probabilities in the drainage basins of interest ranged from 2 percent in response to the 2-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall to a high of 76 percent in response to the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from a low of 840 cubic meters to a high of 26,000 cubic meters, indicating a considerable hazard should debris flows occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2011, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Indian Gulch burn area, near Golden, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1248, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111248.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1248.gif"},{"id":94245,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.28416666666666,39.733333333333334 ], [ -105.28416666666666,39.7675 ], [ -105.23416666666667,39.7675 ], [ -105.23416666666667,39.733333333333334 ], [ -105.28416666666666,39.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005566,"text":"ofr20111259 - 2011 - Ni-Co laterite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"ofr20111259","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1259","title":"Ni-Co laterite deposits","docAbstract":"Nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) laterite deposits are an important source of nickel (Ni). Currently, there is a decline in magmatic Ni-bearing sulfide lode deposit resources. New efforts to develop an alternative source of Ni, particularly with improved metallurgy processes, make the Ni-Co laterites an important exploration target in anticipation of the future demand for Ni. This deposit model provides a general description of the geology and mineralogy of Ni-Co laterite deposits, and contains discussion of the influences of climate, geomorphology (relief), drainage, tectonism, structure, and protolith on the development of favorable weathering profiles. This model of Ni-Co laterite deposits represents part of the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program's effort to update the existing models to be used for an upcoming national mineral resource assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111259","usgsCitation":"Marsh, E., and Anderson, E.D., 2011, Ni-Co laterite deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1259, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111259.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1259.gif"},{"id":94229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69754e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":58765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":1733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005563,"text":"sir20115098 - 2011 - A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:20:40","indexId":"sir20115098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5098","title":"A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned","docAbstract":"The effects of agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended-sediment concentrations, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were examined in a comparative study of three small, rural stream basins in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces of North Carolina and Virginia between 2004 and 2007. The study was designed to assess changes in stream quality associated with stream-improvement efforts at two sites in comparison to a control site (Hogan Creek), for which no improvements were planned. In the drainage basin of one of the stream-improvement sites (Bull Creek), several agricultural best management practices, primarily designed to limit cattle access to streams, were implemented during this study. In the drainage basin of the second stream-improvement site (Pauls Creek), a 1,600-foot reach of the stream channel was restored and several agricultural best management practices were implemented. Streamflow conditions in the vicinity of the study area were similar to or less than the long-term annual mean streamflows during the study. Precipitation during the study period also was less than normal, and the geographic distribution of precipitation indicated drier conditions in the southern part of the study area than in the northern part. Dry conditions during much of the study limited opportunities for acquiring high-flow sediment samples and streamflow measurements. Suspended-sediment yields for the three basins were compared to yield estimates for streams in the southeastern United States. Concentrations of suspended sediment and nutrients in samples from Bull Creek, the site where best management practices were implemented, were high compared to the other two sites. No statistically significant change in suspended-sediment concentrations occurred at the Bull Creek site following implementation of best management practices. However, data collected before and after channel stabilization at the Pauls Creek site indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in suspended-sediment discharge following in-stream restoration. Stream habitat characteristics were similar at the Bull Creek and Hogan Creek reaches. However, the Pauls Creek reach was distinguished from the other two sites by a lack of pools, greater bankfull widths, greater streamflow and velocity, and larger basin size. Historical changes in the stream channel in the vicinity of the Pauls Creek streamgage are evident in aerial photographs dating from 1936 to 2005 and could have contributed to stream-channel instability. The duration of this study likely was inadequate for detecting changes in stream habitat characteristics. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages differed by site and changed during the course of the study. Bull Creek, the best management practices site, stood out as the site having the poorest overall conditions and the greatest improvement in benthic macroinvertebrate communities during the study period. Richness and diversity metrics indicated that benthic macroinvertebrate community conditions at the Hogan Creek and Pauls Creek sites declined during the study, although the status was excellent based on the North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity. Experiences encountered during this study exemplify the difficulties of attempting to assess the short-term effects of stream-improvement efforts on a watershed scale and, in particular, the difficulty of finding similar basins for a comparative study. Data interpretation was complicated by dry climatic conditions and unanticipated land disturbances that occurred during the study in each of the three study basins. For example, agricultural best management practices were implemented in the drainage basin of the control site prior to and during the study. An impoundment on Bull Creek upstream from the streamgaging station probably influenced water-quality conditions and streamflow. Road construction in the vicinity of the Pauls Creek site potentially masked changes related to stream-improvement efforts. In addition, stream-improvement activities occurred in each of the three study basins over a period of several years prior to and during the study so that there were no discrete before and after periods available for meaningful comparisons. Historical and current land-use activities in each of the three study basins likely affected observed stream conditions. The duration of this study probably was insufficient to detect changes associated with agricultural best management practices and stream-channel restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., Ferrell, G., Harned, D.A., and Cuffney, T.F., 2011, A study of the effects of implementing agricultural best management practices and in-stream restoration on suspended sediment, stream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates at three stream sites in Surry County, North Carolina, 2004-2007-Lessons learned: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5098, x, 59 p.; Appendices; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115098.","productDescription":"x, 59 p.; Appendices; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5098.jpg"},{"id":94246,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Surry County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              37.0266767305112\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              37.0266767305112\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.88934326171875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005586,"text":"ofr20111245 - 2011 - Evolution of overpressured and underpressured oil and gas reservoirs, Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"ofr20111245","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1245","title":"Evolution of overpressured and underpressured oil and gas reservoirs, Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas","docAbstract":"Departures of resistivity logs from a normal compaction gradient indicate that overpressure previously extended north of the present-day overpressured zone. These indicators of paleopressure, which are strongest in the deep basin, are mapped to the Kansas-Oklahoma border in shales of Desmoinesian age. The broad area of paleopressure has contracted to the deep basin, and today the overpressured deep basin, as determined from drillstem tests, is bounded on the north by strata with near normal pressures (hydrostatic), grading to the northwest to pressures that are less than hydrostatic (underpressured). Thus the pressure regime in the northwest portion of the Anadarko Basin has evolved from paleo-overpressure to present-day underpressure.  Using pressure data from drillstem tests, we constructed cross sections and potentiometric maps that illustrate the extent and nature of present-day underpressuring. Downcutting and exposure of Lower Permian and Pennsylvanian strata along, and east of, the Nemaha fault zone in central Oklahoma form the discharge locus where pressure reaches near atmospheric. From east to west, hydraulic head increases by several hundred feet in each rock formation, whereas elevation increases by thousands of feet. The resulting underpressuring of the aquifer-supported oil and gas fields, which also increases from east to west, is a consequence of the vertical separation between surface elevation and hydraulic head. A 1,000-ft thick cap of Permian evaporites and shales isolates the underlying strata from the surface, preventing re-establishment of a normal hydrostatic gradient.  Thus, the present-day pressure regime of oil and gas reservoirs, overpressured in the deep basin and underpressured on the northwest flank of the basin, is the result of two distinct geologic events-rapid burial and uplift/erosion-widely separated in time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111245","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Gianoutsos, N.J., 2011, Evolution of overpressured and underpressured oil and gas reservoirs, Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1245, 3 Sheets: Sheet 1: 87.00 inches x 41.05 inches; Sheet 2: 87.00 inches x 41.05 inches; Sheet 3: 87.00 inches x 41.13 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111245.","productDescription":"3 Sheets: Sheet 1: 87.00 inches x 41.05 inches; Sheet 2: 87.00 inches x 41.05 inches; Sheet 3: 87.00 inches x 41.13 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1245.png"},{"id":94233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Oklahoma;Texas;Kansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dda06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Phillip H.","contributorId":53048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gianoutsos, Nicholas J. 0000-0002-6510-6549 ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-6549","contributorId":3607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gianoutsos","given":"Nicholas","email":"ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005589,"text":"ofr20111263 - 2011 - Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005589,"text":"ofr20111263 - 2011 - Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","indexId":"ofr20111263","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70074640,"text":"70074640 - 2013 - Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land","indexId":"70074640","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70074640,"text":"70074640 - 2013 - Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land","indexId":"70074640","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20111263","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1263","title":"Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","docAbstract":"Domestic livestock grazing occurs in virtually all sagebrush habitats and is a prominent disturbance factor. By affecting habitat condition and trend, grazing influences the resources required by, and thus, the distribution and abundance of sagebrush-obligate wildlife species (for example, sage-grouse Centrocercus spp.). Yet, the risks that livestock grazing may pose to these species and their habitats are not always clear. Although livestock grazing intensity and associated habitat condition may be known in many places at the local level, we have not yet been able to answer questions about use, condition, and trend at the landscape scale or at the range-wide scale for wildlife species. A great deal of information about grazing use, management regimes, and ecological condition exists at the local level (for individual livestock management units) under the oversight of organizations such as the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). However, the extent, quality, and types of existing data are unknown, which hinders the compilation, mapping, or analysis of these data. Once compiled, these data may be helpful for drawing conclusions about rangeland status, and we may be able to identify relationships between those data and wildlife habitat at the landscape scale.  The overall objective of our study was to perform a range-wide assessment of livestock grazing effects (and the relevant supporting data) in sagebrush ecosystems managed by the BLM. Our assessments and analyses focused primarily on local-level management and data collected at the scale of BLM grazing allotments (that is, individual livestock management units). Specific objectives included the following:\r\n   1. Identify and refine existing range-wide datasets to be used for analyses of livestock grazing effects on sagebrush ecosystems.\r\n   2. Assess the extent, quality, and types of livestock grazing-related natural resource data collected by BLM range-wide (i.e., across allotments, districts and regions).\r\n   3. Compile and synthesize recommendations from federal and university rangeland science experts about how BLM might prioritize collection of different types of livestock grazing-related natural resource data.\r\n   4. Investigate whether range-wide datasets (Objective 1) could be used in conjunction with remotely sensed imagery to identify across broad scales (a) allotments potentially not meeting BLM Land Health Standards (LHS) and (b) allotments in which unmet standards might be attributable to livestock grazing.  Objective 1: We identified four datasets that potentially could be used for analyses of livestock grazing effects on sagebrush ecosystems. First, we obtained the most current spatial data (typically up to 2007, 2008, or 2009) for all BLM allotments and compiled data into a coarse, topologically enforced dataset that delineated grazing allotment boundaries. Second, we obtained LHS evaluation data (as of 2007) for all allotments across all districts and regions; these data included date of most recent evaluation, BLM determinations of whether region-specific standards were met, and whether BLM deemed livestock to have contributed to any unmet standards. Third, we examined grazing records of three types: Actual Use (permittee-reported), Billed Use (BLM-reported), and Permitted Use (legally authorized). Finally, we explored the possibility of using existing Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Ecological Site Description (ESD) data to make up-to-date estimates of production and forage availability on BLM allotments.  Objective 2: We investigated the availability of BLM livestock grazing-related monitoring data and the status of LHS across 310 randomly selected allotments in 13 BLM field offices. We found that, relative to other data types, the most commonly available monitoring data were Actual Use numbers (permittee-reported livestock numbers and season-of-use), followed by Photo Point, forage Utilization, and finally, Vegetation Trend measurement data. Data availability and frequency of data collection varied across allotments and field offices. Analysis of the BLM's LHS data indicated 67 percent of allotments analyzed were meeting standards. For those not meeting standards, livestock were considered the causal factor in 45 percent of cases (about 15 percent of all allotments).  Objective 3: We sought input from 42 university and federal rangeland science experts about how best to prioritize rangeland monitoring activities associated with ascertaining livestock impacts on vegetation resources. When we presented a hypothetical scenario to these scientists and asked them to prioritize monitoring activities, the most common response was to measure ground and vegetation cover, a variable that in many cases (10 of 13 field offices sampled) BLM had already identified as a monitoring priority. Experts identified several other traditional (for example, photo points) and emerging approaches (for example, high-resolution aerial photography) to monitoring.  Objective 4: We used spatial allotment data (described in Objective 1) and remotely sensed vegetation data (sagebrush cover, herbaceous vegetation cover, litter and bare soil) to assess differences in allotment LHS status (\"Not met\" vs. \"Met\"; if \"Not met\" - livestock-caused vs. not). We then developed logistic regression models, using vegetation variables to predict LHS status of BLM allotments in sagebrush steppe habitats in Wyoming and portions of Montana and Colorado.  In general, we found that more consistent data collection at the local level might improve suitability of data for broad-scale analyses of livestock impacts. As is, data collection methodologies varied across field offices and States, and we did not find any local-level monitoring data (Actual Use, Utilization, Vegetation Trend) that had been collected consistently enough over time or space for range-wide analyses. Moreover, continued and improved emphasis on monitoring also may aid local management decisions, particularly with respect to effects of livestock grazing. Rangeland science experts identified ground cover as a high monitoring priority for assessing range condition and emphasized the importance of tracking livestock numbers and grazing dates. Ultimately, the most effective monitoring program may entail both increased data collection effort and the integration of alternative monitoring approaches (for example, remote sensing or monitoring teams). In the course of our study, we identified three additional datasets that could potentially be used for range-wide analyses: spatial allotment boundary data for all BLM allotments range-wide, LHS evaluations of BLM allotments, and livestock use data (livestock numbers and grazing dates). It may be possible to use these spatial datasets to help prioritize monitoring activities over the extensive land areas managed by BLM. We present an example of how we used spatial allotment boundary data and LHS data to test whether remotely sensed vegetation characteristics could be used to predict which allotments met or did not meet LHS. This approach may be further improved by the results of current efforts by BLM to test whether more intensive (higher resolution) LHS assessments more accurately describe land health status. Standardized data collection in more ecologically meaningful land units may improve our ability to use local-level data for broad-scale analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111263","usgsCitation":"Veblen, K.E., Pyke, D.A., Jones, C.A., Casazza, M.L., Assal, T.J., and Farinha, M.A., 2011, Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1263, iv, 53 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111263.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1263.png"},{"id":94242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veblen, Kari E.","contributorId":76872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Christopher A. chrisj@usgs.gov","contributorId":47478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Christopher","email":"chrisj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35993,"text":"Hydrologic Investigations and Research Section","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Farinha, Melissa A.","contributorId":7791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005518,"text":"pp1784B - 2011 - Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005518,"text":"pp1784B - 2011 - Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics","indexId":"pp1784B","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70200800,"text":"pp1784 - 2011 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010","indexId":"pp1784","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70200800,"text":"pp1784 - 2011 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010","indexId":"pp1784","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:21:50","indexId":"pp1784B","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1784","chapter":"B","title":"Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics","docAbstract":"In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, and State of Alaska cooperated on an investigation of the mineral potential of a southern part of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, Howard Pass quadrangle, to provide background information for future land-use decisions. The investigation incorporated an airborne electromagnetic (EM) survey covering 1,500 mi<sup>2</sup> (~3,900 km<sup>2</sup>), including flight lines directly over the Drenchwater Creek sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, the largest known base-metal occurrence in the survey area. Samples from the mineralized outcrop and rubblecrop contain metal concentrations that can exceed 11 percent Zn+Pb, with appreciable amounts of Ag. Soil samples with anomalous Pb concentrations are distributed near the sulfide-bearing outcrops and along a >2.5 km zone comprising mudstone, shale, and volcanic rocks of the Kuna Formation.\nNo drilling has taken place at the Drenchwater occurrence, so alternative data sources (for example, geophysics) are especially important in assessing possible indicators of mineralization. Data from the 2005 electromagnetic survey define the geophysical character of the rocks at Drenchwater and, in combination with geological and surface-geochemical data, can aid in assessing the possible shallow (up to about 50 m), subsurface lateral extent of base-metal sulfide accumulations at Drenchwater. A distinct >3-km-long electromagnetic conductive zone (observed in apparent resistivity maps) coincides with, and extends further westward than, mineralized shale outcrops and soils anomalously high in Pb concentrations within the Kuna Formation; this conductive zone may indicate sulfide-rich rock. Models of electrical resistivity with depth, generated from inversion of electromagnetic data, which provide alongflight-line conductivity-depth profiles to between 25 and 50 m below ground surface, show that the shallow subsurface conductive zone occurs in areas of known mineralized outcrops and thins to the east. Broader, more conductive rock along the western ~1 km of the geophysical anomaly does not reach ground surface. These data suggest that the Drenchwater deposit is more extensive than previously thought. The application of inversion modeling also was applied to another smaller geochemical anomaly in the Twistem Creek area. The results are inconclusive, but they suggest that there may be a local conductive zone, possibly due to sulfides.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1784B","collaboration":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2010","usgsCitation":"Graham, G.E., Deszcz-Pan, M., Abraham, J.E., and Kelley, K., 2011, Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1784, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1784B.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1784_B.gif"},{"id":94201,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1784/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,68 ], [ -160,69 ], [ -156,69 ], [ -156,68 ], [ -160,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c7e4b07f02db4aaafd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abraham, Jared E.","contributorId":73739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005192,"text":"70005192 - 2011 - Parasite distribution, prevalence, and assemblages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:11:15.027171","indexId":"70005192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1298,"text":"Comparative Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Parasite distribution, prevalence, and assemblages of the grass shrimp, <i>Palaemonetes pugio</i>, in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.","title":"Parasite distribution, prevalence, and assemblages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The grass shrimp, <i>Palaemonetes pugio</i>, harbors a number of symbionts within its North American range. Here, we document the distribution and seasonality of 4 taxonomic groups that use <i>P. pugio</i> as a host in coastal Alabama. We conducted a regional survey of 4 symbionts of <i>P. pugio</i> over 3 seasons and compared assemblages across space and time. The most common parasite was the metacercarial stage of the microphallid trematode <i>Microphallus turgidus</i>, which remained consistently prevalent over the 3 seasons surveyed. We also monitored the prevalence of <i>M. turgidus</i> at 2 sites monthly. Prevalence fluctuated significantly among seasons at these sites, but spatial heterogeneity appears to have a stronger influence on regional parasite prevalence. Distributions of 3 of 4 symbionts overlapped in a single geographic area (Mon Louis Island, Alabama, U.S.A.); however, multispecies infections of individual hosts were normally distributed within host populations. Sites surrounding Mon Louis Island had substantially higher parasite prevalence, particularly in the summer months. This area had a high quantity of <i>Spartina</i> marsh habitat, which we found influenced parasite prevalence, suggesting a role for wetland habitat in structuring parasite communities for this host.","language":"English","publisher":"The Helminthological Society of Washington","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1654/4427.1","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, K.L., Lafferty, K.D., O’Brien, J., and Cebrian, J., 2011, Parasite distribution, prevalence, and assemblages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, U.S.A.: Comparative Parasitology, v. 78, no. 2, p. 245-256, https://doi.org/10.1654/4427.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mon Louis Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.19618225097655,\n              30.28782804987622\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06537628173828,\n              30.28782804987622\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06537628173828,\n              30.52766638432224\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.19618225097655,\n              30.52766638432224\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.19618225097655,\n              30.28782804987622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6892c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheehan, Kate L.","contributorId":77291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, Jack","contributorId":48301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cebrian, Just","contributorId":9763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cebrian","given":"Just","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003923,"text":"70003923 - 2011 - PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:22:03","indexId":"70003923","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment","docAbstract":"The benthic community was analyzed to evaluate pollution-induced changes for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site at Hunters Point (HP) relative to 30 reference sites in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. An analysis based on functional traits of feeding, reproduction, and position in the sediment shows that HP is depauperate in deposit feeders, subsurface carnivores, and species with no protective barrier. Sediment chemistry analysis shows that PCBs are the major risk drivers at HP (1,570 ppb) and that the reference sites contain very low levels of PCB contamination (9 ppb). Different feeding traits support the existence of direct pathways of exposure, which can be mechanistically linked to PCB bioaccumulation by biodynamic modeling. The model shows that the deposit feeder <i>Neanthes arenaceodentata</i> accumulates approximately 20 times more PCBs in its lipids than the facultative deposit feeder <i>Macoma balthica</i> and up to 130 times more than the filter feeder <i>Mytilus edulis</i>. The comparison of different exposure scenarios suggests that PCB tissue concentrations at HP are two orders of magnitude higher than at the reference sites. At full scale, in situ sorbent amendment with activated carbon may reduce PCB bioaccumulation at HP by up to 85 to 90% under favorable field and treatment conditions. The modeling framework further demonstrates that such expected remedial success corresponds to exposure conditions suggested as the cleanup goal for HP. However, concentrations remain slightly higher than at the reference sites. The present study demonstrates how the remedial success of a sorbent amendment, which lowers the PCB availability, can be compared to reference conditions and traditional cleanup goals, which are commonly based on bulk sediment concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.574","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E.M., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R.G., 2011, PCB-induced changes of a benthic community and expected ecosystem recovery following in situ sorbent amendment: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1819-1826, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.574.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1819","endPage":"1826","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.09631347656249,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87683105468749,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.87683105468749,\n              38.302869955150044\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09631347656249,\n              38.302869955150044\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09631347656249,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L.","contributorId":43908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.-L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, Richard G.","contributorId":99280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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