A commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste has been in operation near Beatty, Nevada, since 1962. The facility is in the arid Amargosa Desert where wastes are buried in trenches excavated into unsaturated alluvial sediments. Thick unsaturated zones in arid environments offer many potential advantages for disposal of radioactive wastes, but little is known about the natural movement of water near such facilities. Thus, a study was begun in 1982 to better define the direction and rates of water movement through the unsaturated zone in undisturbed sediments near the disposal facility. This report discusses the analyses of data collected between 1983 and 1988.
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Surface water and surface-water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T20:19:38.151224","indexId":"wdrVA911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"VA-91-1","title":"Water resources data, Virginia, water year 1991; Volume 1. Surface water and surface-water quality records","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Virginia each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Virginia.\"
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Jr.","contributorId":61846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"Byron J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, P.E.","contributorId":73671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belval, Donna L.","contributorId":66736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21457,"text":"ofr9259 - 1992 - Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-28T09:56:28","indexId":"ofr9259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-59","title":"Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1987","docAbstract":"Selected meteorological data were collected at a study site adjacent to a low-level radioactive-waste burial facility near Beatty, Nevada, for calendar year 1987. Data were collected in support of an ongoing study to estimate the potential for downward movement of radionuclides into the unsaturated sediments beneath waste-burial trenches at the facility. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, incident solar radiation, windspeed, wind direction, and precipitation. The data are summarized in tables and graphs
A discussion of the instrumentation used at the site is presented. Included in the discussion are the type of sensors, their reported accuracy, and mounting height of each sensor.
In 1987, the average hourly air temperatures ranged from -7.6 degrees Celsius, in December, to 43.1 degrees Celsius, in July. Hourly averaged relative humidity ranged from about 12 percent to over 80 percent. Hourly vapor pressures ranged from 0.12 to 1.77 kilopascals. Daily values for maximum incident solar radiation ranged from 118 to 1,067 watts per square meter. Daily mean windspeed ranged from 1.4 to 9.4 meters per second. Monthly wind-direction patterns are shown in a series of diagrams in which wind direction is summed over 10-degree arcs from hourly averaged data. Total precipitation for 1987 was 136.4 millimeters, more than 75 percent occurring during January-April and November-December.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/ofr9259","usgsCitation":"Wood, J.L., and Fischer, J., 1992, Selected meteorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-59, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9259.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0059/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0059/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, James L.","contributorId":10059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":184460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54883,"text":"wdrOH912 - 1992 - Water resources data, Ohio, water year 1991. Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin and Statewide Project Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T18:15:03.68458","indexId":"wdrOH912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-91-2","title":"Water resources data, Ohio, water year 1991. Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin and Statewide Project Data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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L.","contributorId":48525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":18351,"text":"ofr9242 - 1992 - Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr9242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-42","title":"Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1991","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9242","usgsCitation":"Bunch, R.L., 1992, Bibliography of selected water-resources publications on Nevada by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1885 through 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-42, iii, 43 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9242.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47703,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6263f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunch, Robin L.","contributorId":69840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44772,"text":"wri924072 - 1992 - Altitude of top of bedrock in the vicinity of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"wri924072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4072","title":"Altitude of top of bedrock in the vicinity of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri924072","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D., 1992, Altitude of top of bedrock in the vicinity of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4072, 1 map : col. ; 42 x 42 cm., on sheet 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924072.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 42 x 42 cm., on sheet 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82082,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4072/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, D.H.","contributorId":83144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21165,"text":"ofr90194 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21165,"text":"ofr90194 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","indexId":"ofr90194","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","indexId":"twri06A3","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","indexId":"twri06A3","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:36:31","indexId":"ofr90194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-194","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","docAbstract":"A MODular, Finite-Element digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water flow. Geometric- and hydrologic-aquifer characteristics in two spatial dimensions are represented by triangular finite elements and linear basis functions; one-dimensional finite elements and linear basis functions represent time. Finite-element matrix equations are solved by the direct symmetric-Doolittle method or the iterative modified, incomplete-Cholesky, conjugate-gradient method. Physical processes that can be represented by the model include (1) confined flow, unconfined flow (using the Dupuit approximation), or a combination of both; (2) leakage through either rigid or elastic confining beds; (3) specified recharge or discharge at points, along lines, and over areas; (4) flow across specified-flow, specified-head, or head-dependent boundaries; (5) decrease of aquifer thickness to zero under extreme water-table decline and increase of aquifer thickness from zero as the water table rises; and (6) head-dependent fluxes from springs, drainage wells, leakage across riverbeds or confining beds combined with aquifer dewatering, and evapotranspiration.
The report describes procedures for applying MODFE to ground-water-flow problems, simulation capabilities, and data preparation. Guidelines for designing the finite-element mesh and for node numbering and determining band widths are given. Tables are given that reference simulation capabilities to specific versions of MODFE. Examples of data input and model output for different versions of MODFE are provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90194","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., 1992, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-194, vi, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90194.","productDescription":"vi, 153 p.","numberOfPages":"162","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21166,"text":"ofr91471 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 3, Design philosophy and programming details","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr91471","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-471","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 3, Design philosophy and programming details","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/ofr91471","usgsCitation":"Torak, L., 1992, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 3, Design philosophy and programming details: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-471, vi, 261 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91471.","productDescription":"vi, 261 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0471/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0471/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, L.J.","contributorId":87533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21172,"text":"ofr92498 - 1992 - Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1988-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:54:06","indexId":"ofr92498","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-498","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1988-90","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92498","usgsCitation":"Treece, M., and Bales, J., 1992, Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-498, vi, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92498.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0498/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0498/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Beaufort County, Hyde County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -75.91827392578125,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -75.91827392578125,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 34.34570381052938\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treece, M.W.","contributorId":91134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28843,"text":"wri924114 - 1992 - Storage capacity of Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:51:41.513177","indexId":"wri924114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4114","title":"Storage capacity of Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 1990","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924114","usgsCitation":"Nakama, L., 1992, Storage capacity of Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam, Mariana Islands, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4114, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924114.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57718,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407923,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47676.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.64805603027344,\n 13.245960971898501\n ],\n [\n 144.77371215820312,\n 13.245960971898501\n ],\n [\n 144.77371215820312,\n 13.43169871269615\n ],\n [\n 144.64805603027344,\n 13.43169871269615\n ],\n [\n 144.64805603027344,\n 13.245960971898501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakama, L.Y.","contributorId":27097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakama","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21447,"text":"ofr92165 - 1992 - Evaluation of nutrient quality-assurance data for Alexanders and Mount Rock Spring basins, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:20:39","indexId":"ofr92165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-165","title":"Evaluation of nutrient quality-assurance data for Alexanders and Mount Rock Spring basins, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A total of 304 nutrient samples were collected from May 1990 through September 1991 to determine concentrations and loads of nutrients in water discharged from two spring basins in Cumberland County, Pa. Fifty-four percent of these nutrient samples were for the evaluation of (1) laboratory consistency, (2) container and preservative cleanliness, (3) maintenance of analyte representativeness as affected by three different preservation methods, and (4) comparison of analyte results with the \"Most Probable Value\" for Standard Reference Water Samples. Results of 37 duplicate analyses indicate that the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Laboratories (principal laboratory) remained within its ±10 percent goal for all but one analyte. Results of the blank analysis show that the sampling containers did not compromise the water quality. However, mercuric-chloride-preservation blanks apparently contained measurable ammonium in four of five samples and ammonium plus organic nitrogen in two of five samples. Interlaboratory results indicate substantial differences in the determination of nitrate and ammonium plus organic nitrogen between the principal laboratory and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Laboratory. In comparison with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Quality-Control Samples, the principal laboratory was sufficiently accurate in its determination of nutrient anafytes. Analysis of replicate samples indicated that sulfuric-acid preservative best maintained the representativeness of the anafytes nitrate and ammonium plus organic nitrogen, whereas, mercuric chloride best maintained the representativeness of orthophosphate. Comparison of nutrient analyte determinations with the Most Probable Value for each preservation method shows that two of five analytes with no chemical preservative compare well, three of five with mercuric-chloride preservative compare well, and three of five with sulfuricacid preservative compare well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92165","usgsCitation":"Witt, E., Hippe, D., and Giovannitti, R., 1992, Evaluation of nutrient quality-assurance data for Alexanders and Mount Rock Spring basins, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-165, iv, 31 p. :ill ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92165.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51013,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.8614,40.2266],[-76.865,40.2226],[-76.8674,40.219],[-76.8687,40.2181],[-76.8705,40.2172],[-76.8759,40.2181],[-76.8801,40.2186],[-76.8831,40.2177],[-76.8855,40.2172],[-76.8898,40.2159],[-76.8922,40.2168],[-76.8951,40.2218],[-76.8975,40.2245],[-76.9005,40.2246],[-76.9029,40.2246],[-76.9035,40.2237],[-76.9029,40.2214],[-76.9006,40.2173],[-76.9006,40.2141],[-76.9024,40.215],[-76.9048,40.2169],[-76.9084,40.2173],[-76.909,40.2155],[-76.909,40.2128],[-76.9103,40.2092],[-76.9127,40.2069],[-76.9145,40.2069],[-76.9151,40.2088],[-76.9169,40.2097],[-76.9199,40.2092],[-76.9229,40.2088],[-76.9272,40.2056],[-76.9296,40.2011],[-76.9296,40.1988],[-76.9266,40.1993],[-76.9218,40.1993],[-76.9176,40.1983],[-76.914,40.1965],[-76.9122,40.1933],[-76.9122,40.1906],[-76.9135,40.1888],[-76.9159,40.1865],[-76.9183,40.187],[-76.9219,40.1884],[-76.9243,40.1893],[-76.9261,40.1884],[-76.9273,40.187],[-76.9285,40.1857],[-76.9279,40.1839],[-76.9256,40.1811],[-76.9196,40.177],[-76.91,40.172],[-76.9082,40.1697],[-76.9082,40.1679],[-76.91,40.167],[-76.9155,40.1657],[-76.9197,40.1643],[-76.9245,40.1639],[-76.9281,40.1639],[-76.9365,40.1649],[-76.9425,40.1663],[-76.9498,40.1667],[-76.9533,40.1672],[-76.963,40.1659],[-76.966,40.1655],[-76.9774,40.1655],[-76.9792,40.1655],[-76.981,40.1642],[-76.9817,40.1632],[-76.9811,40.1623],[-76.9775,40.1605],[-76.9739,40.1596],[-76.9739,40.1578],[-76.9751,40.156],[-76.9793,40.1551],[-76.9877,40.1533],[-76.9956,40.1538],[-76.9986,40.1538],[-77.0028,40.1525],[-77.0082,40.1497],[-77.0125,40.1489],[-77.0221,40.1471],[-77.0347,40.1449],[-77.0619,40.1259],[-77.0764,40.1155],[-77.08,40.1133],[-77.0921,40.1052],[-77.0993,40.0997],[-77.1223,40.083],[-77.1386,40.0718],[-77.1573,40.0564],[-77.1814,40.0324],[-77.1976,40.0302],[-77.2541,40.0226],[-77.2583,40.0222],[-77.2757,40.0195],[-77.2968,40.0159],[-77.3022,40.015],[-77.3142,40.0127],[-77.3322,40.0096],[-77.4019,39.9933],[-77.4217,39.9798],[-77.4703,39.9444],[-77.4529,39.9725],[-77.4547,39.9739],[-77.4613,39.9766],[-77.4637,39.9789],[-77.4655,39.982],[-77.4661,39.9834],[-77.4679,39.9847],[-77.4709,39.9861],[-77.4721,39.9879],[-77.4739,39.9902],[-77.4811,39.9925],[-77.4847,39.9961],[-77.4931,40.0033],[-77.5003,40.0111],[-77.5033,40.0147],[-77.5045,40.0192],[-77.5075,40.0247],[-77.5111,40.0328],[-77.5201,40.0414],[-77.5207,40.0432],[-77.5213,40.046],[-77.5213,40.0487],[-77.5219,40.0505],[-77.5255,40.0518],[-77.5267,40.0537],[-77.5322,40.0627],[-77.5346,40.0677],[-77.5376,40.0709],[-77.5394,40.0723],[-77.5418,40.0736],[-77.5424,40.0777],[-77.5436,40.0827],[-77.5454,40.0881],[-77.5448,40.0899],[-77.546,40.0913],[-77.552,40.0954],[-77.5544,40.0958],[-77.5568,40.0954],[-77.558,40.0954],[-77.5592,40.0963],[-77.5598,40.0976],[-77.5598,40.0994],[-77.5592,40.1022],[-77.558,40.1044],[-77.5604,40.1121],[-77.5634,40.1217],[-77.5659,40.1244],[-77.5689,40.1271],[-77.5743,40.1294],[-77.5791,40.133],[-77.5821,40.1348],[-77.5845,40.1353],[-77.5887,40.1353],[-77.5917,40.1362],[-77.5917,40.1375],[-77.5917,40.1398],[-77.5917,40.1416],[-77.5941,40.1439],[-77.6002,40.1493],[-77.608,40.1552],[-77.6104,40.1588],[-77.6122,40.1661],[-77.614,40.1706],[-77.6183,40.1778],[-77.6062,40.1838],[-77.599,40.1883],[-77.5978,40.1892],[-77.5936,40.1915],[-77.593,40.1924],[-77.5906,40.1942],[-77.5888,40.1956],[-77.5726,40.2092],[-77.5689,40.2119],[-77.5617,40.2169],[-77.5545,40.2201],[-77.5425,40.2205],[-77.5376,40.2205],[-77.534,40.2223],[-77.5256,40.2269],[-77.5093,40.2378],[-77.4949,40.2446],[-77.4871,40.2482],[-77.4636,40.2631],[-77.4195,40.2917],[-77.4099,40.2971],[-77.399,40.3026],[-77.3888,40.3071],[-77.3785,40.3112],[-77.3719,40.3139],[-77.3677,40.3157],[-77.3646,40.3157],[-77.3622,40.3157],[-77.3586,40.3152],[-77.3568,40.3143],[-77.3568,40.3125],[-77.3568,40.3116],[-77.3586,40.3089],[-77.3635,40.3062],[-77.3731,40.3003],[-77.3816,40.2957],[-77.3894,40.2912],[-77.3985,40.2849],[-77.4057,40.2794],[-77.4141,40.2713],[-77.4178,40.2681],[-77.4208,40.2654],[-77.422,40.2627],[-77.422,40.2609],[-77.4202,40.259],[-77.4154,40.2572],[-77.4118,40.2572],[-77.4027,40.2586],[-77.3907,40.2631],[-77.3768,40.2685],[-77.3659,40.2735],[-77.3484,40.2835],[-77.337,40.2902],[-77.3303,40.2934],[-77.3279,40.2943],[-77.3255,40.2939],[-77.3249,40.293],[-77.3243,40.292],[-77.3243,40.2902],[-77.3261,40.2889],[-77.3279,40.2866],[-77.3291,40.2844],[-77.3304,40.278],[-77.3274,40.2748],[-77.3232,40.2721],[-77.3195,40.2707],[-77.3153,40.2698],[-77.3111,40.2698],[-77.3002,40.2721],[-77.2912,40.2752],[-77.2834,40.2779],[-77.2779,40.2797],[-77.2707,40.2806],[-77.2526,40.2838],[-77.2423,40.286],[-77.2357,40.2869],[-77.2182,40.2869],[-77.1989,40.2891],[-77.1851,40.2904],[-77.1778,40.2913],[-77.1718,40.2918],[-77.1664,40.2917],[-77.1573,40.2931],[-77.1441,40.2944],[-77.1314,40.2971],[-77.1127,40.2993],[-77.1037,40.3002],[-77.0898,40.3028],[-77.0741,40.3032],[-77.05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E. C. III","contributorId":105746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"E. C.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hippe, D. J.","contributorId":83951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippe","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giovannitti, R.M.","contributorId":7728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giovannitti","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44793,"text":"wri914182 - 1992 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, northeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, May through October 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T10:44:34","indexId":"wri914182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4182","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, northeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, May through October 1990","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914182","usgsCitation":"McManus, B.C., 1992, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, northeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, May through October 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4182, 1 map : photocopy ; sheet 91 x 100 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914182.","productDescription":"1 map : photocopy ; sheet 91 x 100 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82131,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McManus, B. Craig","contributorId":70365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27496,"text":"wri904054 - 1992 - Physical processes, salinity characteristics, and potential salinity changes due to freshwater withdrawals in the Tidal Myakka River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri904054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4054","title":"Physical processes, salinity characteristics, and potential salinity changes due to freshwater withdrawals in the Tidal Myakka River, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri904054","usgsCitation":"Hammett, K., 1992, Physical processes, salinity characteristics, and potential salinity changes due to freshwater withdrawals in the Tidal Myakka River, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4054, iv, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904054.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27740,"text":"wri914194 - 1992 - Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:14:58","indexId":"wri914194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4194","title":"Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","docAbstract":"Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow were analyzed for 25 pairs of streamflow-gaging stations in Michigan. Stations were paired by randomly choosing a station operated in 1989 at which 10 or more years of continuous flow data had been collected and at which flow is virtually unregulated; a nearby station was chosen where flow characteristics are similar. Streamflow data from the 25 randomly selected stations were used as the response variables; streamflow data at the nearby stations were used to generate a set of explanatory variables.
Ordinary-least squares regression (OLSR) equations, autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) equations, and transfer function-noise (TFN) equations were developed to estimate the log transform of flow for the 25 randomly selected stations. The precision of each type of equation was evaluated on the basis of the standard deviation of the estimation errors. OLSR equations produce one set of estimation errors; ARIMA and TFN models each produce l sets of estimation errors corresponding to the forecast lead. The lead-l forecast is the estimate of flow l days ahead of the most recent streamflow used as a response variable in the estimation. In this analysis, the standard deviation of lead l ARIMA and TFN forecast errors were generally lower than the standard deviation of OLSR errors for l < 2 days and l < 9 days, respectively.
Composite estimates were computed as a weighted average of forecasts based on TFN equations and backcasts (forecasts of the reverse-ordered series) based on ARIMA equations. The standard deviation of composite errors varied throughout the length of the estimation interval and generally was at maximum near the center of the interval. For comparison with OLSR errors, the mean standard deviation of composite errors were computed for intervals of length 1 to 40 days. The mean standard deviation of length-l composite errors were generally less than the standard deviation of the OLSR errors for l < 32 days. In addition, the composite estimates ensure a gradual transition between periods of estimated and measured flows.
Model performance among stations of differing model error magnitudes were compared by computing ratios of the mean standard deviation of the length l composite errors to the standard deviation of OLSR errors. The mean error ratio for the set of 25 selected stations was less than 1 for intervals l < 32 days. Considering the frequency characteristics of the length of intervals of estimated record in Michigan, the effective mean error ratio for intervals < 30 days was 0.52. Thus, for intervals of estimation of 1 month or less, the error of the composite estimate is substantially lower than error of the OLSR estimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri914194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Salehi, H., 1992, Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4194, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914194.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56586,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salehi, Habib","contributorId":81942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salehi","given":"Habib","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27673,"text":"wri914065 - 1992 - Isostatic residual gravity anomalies of New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri914065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4065","title":"Isostatic residual gravity anomalies of New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914065","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C., 1992, Isostatic residual gravity anomalies of New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4065, iv, 27 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914065.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66705f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, C.E.","contributorId":100894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3837,"text":"cir1080 - 1992 - Are fertilizers and pesticides in the ground water? A case study of the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir1080","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1080","title":"Are fertilizers and pesticides in the ground water? A case study of the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1080","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, P.A., and Shedlock, R.J., 1992, Are fertilizers and pesticides in the ground water? A case study of the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1080, 16 p. :ill., (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1080.","productDescription":"16 p. :ill., (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1080/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30910,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":147699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":147700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27862,"text":"wri914197 - 1992 - Geology and Stream Infiltration of North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri914197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4197","title":"Geology and Stream Infiltration of North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A geohydrologic investigation of North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, and its stream was undertaken in response to concern that runoff from the H-3 highway draining into the stream might seep into the ground and seriously contaminate potable water pumped at a nearby skimming well.\r\n\r\nNorth Halawa Stream flows over highly weathered alluvium or highly weathered basaltic basement for almost its entire course. Measurements of discharge at selected points along the stream indicate that infiltration occurs along some reaches. The infiltration of water from North Halawa Stream varies with season and stage. Water lost by the stream probably passes into and out of a perched aquifer in the alluvium of North Halawa Valley. Some of the water could pass from the alluvium to the basal aquifer from which the skimming well draws its water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri914197","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 1992, Geology and Stream Infiltration of North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4197, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914197.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56685,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4197/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56686,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4197/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64539,"text":"i2089B - 1992 - Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Point Conception to Point Loma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:58","indexId":"i2089B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2089","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Point Conception to Point Loma","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of cruises, EEZSCAN 84 (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986), to collect reconnaissance data on the newly proclaimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the area out to 200 nautical miles from the coastline of the United States. The cruises systematically surveyed the entire conterminous United States west coast EEZ using the Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA) side-scan sonar, a 160-in3 airgun seismic-reflection profiler, a 3.5-kHz high-resolution seismic-reflection profiler, a 10-kHz echo sounder, and a proton-precession magnetometer. The nominal trackline spacing throughout the survey was 30 km.\nDerivative maps of sediment thickness (I-2089-A, I-2090-A, I-2091-A) and depth to basement (I-2089-B, I-2090-B, I-2091-B) in the basins of the west coast EEZ were compiled from both the sonar-image dala and the deep-penetration seismic data obtained on these cruises. Only EEZ-SCAN 84 data were used for the map compilations because available data from other cruises in this region are sparsely located, have poor navigational control, or were obtained with seismic systems that were not powerful enough to resolve oceanic basement. For this map series, sediment thickness and depth to basement were determined only in the deep-ocean basin regions because the seismic system used on the EEZ-SCAN 84 cruises could not resolve oceanic basement beneath the thick sediments of the continental slope. All the data used to compile the maps are presented in the \"Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States\" (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986).\nBasement Outcrops\nGLORIA imagery was used to locate areas of basement outcrop throughout the region. Where possible, sediment thickness on and immediately adjacent to basement outcrops was measured from seismic data. Where there was no bathymetric or seismic control, a seamount peak was assumed to have no sediment cover. A pattern is used on the map to indicate all basement outcrops.\nData Reduction\nAcoustic basement in the basins, invariably oceanic Layer 2, was observed on all of the seismic records. One-way traveltime was measured from the sea floor to acoustic basement. Because the trackline spacing of about 30 km is relatively large compared to the data density along track, we chose to measure the sediment thickness every 0.5 hour or at an interval of approximately 7.5 km. Water depth was measured with a 10-kHz profiler. Depth to basement was calculated using the sea surface as the zero datum and adding the corrected water depth (Carter, 1980) to the sediment thickness. Acoustic travel times were converted to depths by first calculating a regression equation from the interval velocity versus depth data of Connard and others (1984). Their data base comprises a compilation of all available Deep Sea Drilling Project data plus wide-angle refraction data, which were collected in Cascadia Basin west of Oregon and represents the best data set available for the United States west coast EEZ. The regression equation was integrated to determine sediment thickness as a function of one-way traveltime . The resulting equation is\nz = 1400t + 0 .5t2\nwhere z is sediment thickness in meters, and t is one-way traveltime in seconds. Sediment thicknesses calculated using this equation were compared to values calculated from the general equation of Carlson and others (1986). Values for sediment thickness calculated by the two equations differed by no greater than 10 percent throughout the range of travel times.\nBathymetry\nThe bathymetry is from Chase and others (1981). The bathymetric data were compiled from a variety of sources, and data quality is inconsistent. Because of differences in navigational precision and density of coverage, the bathymetric contours of a feature may be at a different location than the corresponding isopleths derived from the EEZ-SCAN 84 data, or a feature may not be indicated on the bathymetry at all. These situations occur because either the feature is poorly located in the bathymetric data set or, especially in the outer EEZ, the bathymetric data are too sparse to have defined the existence of a feature.\nAcknowledgments\nTopographic digital data bases were corrected and verified by Christina Lief. Gerald Evenden developed the computer software system MAPGEN, used to compose this map. Reviews, suggestions, and technical contributions from Edward C. Escowitz and Florence Wong and advice about cartographic design from Will Stettner substantially improved the quality of this map.\nReferences Cited\nCarlson, R.L., Gangi, A.F., and Snow, K.R., 1986, Empirical reflection-traveltime/ depth and velocity/depth functions for the deep-sea sediment column: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8249-8266.\nCarter, D.J.T., 1980, Echo-sounding correction tables: Taunton, United Kingdom, Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, 150 p.\nChase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, Normark, W.R, Miller, C.P., Seekins, B.A., and Young, J.D., 1981, Offshore topography of the Western United States between 32° and 49° North latitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-443, scale 1:864,518 at 38° latitude, 2 sheets.\nConnard, G., Couch, R., Keeling , K., Roy, J., and Troseth, S., 1984, Abyssal plain and continental net-objective sedimentary thicknesses, in Kulm, L.D., and others, eds., Western North America continental margin and adjacent ocean floor off Oregon and Washington, Atlas 1 of Regional Atlas Series, Ocean Margin Drilling Program: Woods Hole, Mass., Marine Science International, sheet 7.\nEEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986, Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1792, scale 1:500,000, 152 p.\nindex map for I-2089-A\nSee Also\n\"U.S. Pacific West Coast Field Activities\" (Paskevich and others, 2011; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/htmldocs/pc/pc_overview.html).\nPaskevich, V.F., Wong, F.L., O?Malley, J.J., Stevenson, A.J., and Gutmacher, C.E., 2011, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010?1332, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2089B","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Edwards, B.D., Field, M., Hampton, M.A., Karl, H.A., Kenyon, N.H., Masson, D., McCulloch, D.S., and Grim, M.S., 1992, Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Point Conception to Point Loma: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2089, PDF: 47.35 inches x 27.21 inches; 1 map :col. ;56 x 85 cm., on sheet 73 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2089B.","productDescription":"PDF: 47.35 inches x 27.21 inches; 1 map :col. ;56 x 85 cm., on sheet 73 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2089_B.jpg"},{"id":94393,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2089/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126,30 ], [ -126,35 ], [ -117,35 ], [ -117,30 ], [ -126,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":271308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":28515,"text":"wri924034 - 1992 - Water quality and evaluation of raw-water-routing scenarios, Chickahominy, Diascund Creek, and Little Creek reservoirs, southeastern Virginia, 1983-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri924034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4034","title":"Water quality and evaluation of raw-water-routing scenarios, Chickahominy, Diascund Creek, and Little Creek reservoirs, southeastern Virginia, 1983-86","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924034","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D.D., 1992, Water quality and evaluation of raw-water-routing scenarios, Chickahominy, Diascund Creek, and Little Creek reservoirs, southeastern Virginia, 1983-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4034, x, 104 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924034.","productDescription":"x, 104 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57315,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42076,"text":"ofr9298 - 1992 - Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system in St. Lucie and Martin Counties, Florida, May 13-23, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T20:01:27.699892","indexId":"ofr9298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-98","title":"Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system in St. Lucie and Martin Counties, Florida, May 13-23, 1988","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9298","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Altitude of the water table in the surficial aquifer system in St. Lucie and Martin Counties, Florida, May 13-23, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-98, 1 Plate: 22.38 × 25.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9298.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 22.38 × 25.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18230.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79824,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Martin County, St. Lucie County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.681,\n 26.935\n ],\n [\n -80.0408,\n 26.935\n ],\n [\n -80.0408,\n 27.57\n ],\n [\n -80.681,\n 27.57\n ],\n [\n -80.681,\n 26.935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4060,"text":"cir1071 - 1992 - Separation and identification of the silt-sized heavy-mineral fraction in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"cir1071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1071","title":"Separation and identification of the silt-sized heavy-mineral fraction in sediments","docAbstract":"The separation of silt-sized minerals by specific gravity is made possible by using a nontoxic, heavy liquid medium of sodium polytungstate and water. Once separated, the silt-sized heavy-mineral fraction is prepared for analysis with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an automatic image analyzer and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Particles within each sample are sized and sorted according to their chemistry, and the data are tabulated in histograms and tables. Where possible, the user can define the chemical categories to simulate distinct mineral groups. Polymorphs and minerals that have overlapping compositions are combined into a group and differentiated by X-ray diffraction. Hundreds of particles can be rapidly sized and classified by chemistry. The technique can be employed on sediments from any environment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. G.P.O. [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1071","usgsCitation":"Commeau, J.A., Poppe, L., and Commeau, R., 1992, Separation and identification of the silt-sized heavy-mineral fraction in sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1071, iii, 13 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1071.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31154,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e36c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, Judith A.","contributorId":32137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28596,"text":"wri924097 - 1992 - The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T13:21:05","indexId":"wri924097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4097","title":"The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The storm of September 15, 1989, in and around the city of Fayetteville, North Carolina, produced the most extensive flooding of Fayetteville since 1945. The flood inundated 925 acres in the city along Cross Creek and Blounts Creek and their tributaries, flooded 338 buildings, caused damages in excess of $10 million and claimed the lives of 2 small children. Twenty-two roads and five dams were overtopped, and three earthen dams failed. Recorded rainfall and streamflow data indicate that the storm and flood were relatively rare events. Recorded rainfall totals for durations of less than 2 hours were not exceptionally rare or unusual, but rainfall totals for 2-, 3-, and 6-hr durations recorded at a National Weather Service rain gage substantially exceeded 100-yr rainfall amounts by approximately 31, 28, and 12%, respectively. Recorded unit-peak discharges ranged from 33 to 6,060 cu ft/sec/sq mi (the latter downstream from a dam failure). Peak discharges at 6 of 10 stream-gaging sites had recurrence intervals greater than 100 yrs. Flooding of Cross Creek and Blounts Creek upstream of Robeson Street was generally less extensive than the 100-yr flood, as delineated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Downstream of Robeson Street, the flooding was more extensive.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924097","usgsCitation":"Mason, R., and Caldwell, W., 1992, The storm and flood of September 15, 1989, in Fayetteville, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4097, vi, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924097.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57425,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Fayetteville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 34.92647493584645\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -78.673095703125,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -78.673095703125,\n 34.92647493584645\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 34.92647493584645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, R.R. Jr.","contributorId":71590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, W.S.","contributorId":9689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3006,"text":"wsp2382 - 1992 - Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp2382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2382","title":"Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84","docAbstract":"The limnological characteristics and trophic state of Big Lake in south-central Alaska were determined from the results of an intensive study during 1983-84. The study was begun in response to concern over the potential for eutrophication of Big Lake, which has experienced substantial residential development and recreational use because of its proximity to Anchorage. \r\n\r\nThe east and west basins of the 1,213 square-hectometer lake were each visited 36 times during the 2-year study to obtain a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological data. During 1984, an estimate was made of the lake's annual primary production. Big Lake was classified as oligotrophic on the basis of its annual mean values for total phosphorus (9.5 micrograms per liter), total nitrogen (209 micrograms per liter), chlorophyll-a (2.5 micrograms per liter), secchi-disc transparency (6.3 meters), and its mean daily integral primary production of 81.1 milligrams of carbon fixed per square meter. The lake was, however, uncharacteristic of oligotrophic lakes in that a severe dissolved-oxygen deficit developed within the hypolimnion during summer stratification and under winter ice cover. The summer dissolved-oxygen deficit resulted from the combination of strong and persistent thermal stratification, which developed within 1 week of the melting of the lake's ice cover in May, and the failure of the spring circulation to fully reaerate the hypolimnion. The autumn circulation did reaerate the entire water column, but the ensuing 6 months of ice and snow cover prevented atmospheric reaeration of the water column and led to development of the winter dissolved-oxygen deficit. \r\n\r\nThe anoxic conditions that eventually developed near the lake bottom allowed the release of nutrients from the bottom sediments and facilitated ammonification reactions. These processes yielded hypolimnetic concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which were much larger than the oligotrophic concentrations measured within the epilimnion. An analysis of nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios showed that nitrogen was the nutrient most likely to limit phytoplankton growth during the summer. \r\n\r\nAlthough mean chlorophyll-a concentrations were at oligotrophic levels, concentrations did peak at 46.5 micrograms per liter in the east basin. During each year and in both basins, the peak chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured within the hypolimnion because the euphotic zone commonly was deeper than the epilimnion during the summer. \r\n\r\nThe annual integral primary production of Big Lake in 1984 was 29.6 grams of carbon fixed per square meter with about 90 percent of that produced during May through October. During this time period, the lake received 76 percent of its annual input of solar irradiance. Monthly integral primary production, in milligrams of carbon fixed per square meter, ranged from 1.5 in January to 7,050 in July. When compared with the range of annual integral primary production measured in 50 International Biological Program lakes throughout the world, Big Lake had a low value of annual integral primary production. \r\n\r\nThe results of this study lend credence to the concerns about the potential eutrophication of Big Lake. Increases in the supply of oxygen-demanding materials to Big Lake could worsen the hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen deficit and possibly shift the lake's trophic state toward mesotrophy or eutrophy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2382","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1992, Limnology of Big Lake, south-central Alaska, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2382, iv, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2382.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2382/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}