{"pageNumber":"1741","pageRowStart":"43500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184644,"records":[{"id":70005348,"text":"ofr20111193 - 2011 - Inorganic chemical analysis of environmental materials—A lecture series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"ofr20111193","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1193","title":"Inorganic chemical analysis of environmental materials—A lecture series","docAbstract":"At the request of the faculty of the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, the authors prepared and presented a lecture series to the students of a graduate level advanced instrumental analysis class. The slides and text presented in this report are a compilation and condensation of this series of lectures. The purpose of this report is to present the slides and notes and to emphasize the thought processes that should be used by a scientist submitting samples for analyses in order to procure analytical data to answer a research question. First and foremost, the analytical data generated can be no better than the samples submitted. The questions to be answered must first be well defined and the appropriate samples collected from the population that will answer the question. The proper methods of analysis, including proper sample preparation and digestion techniques, must then be applied. Care must be taken to achieve the required limits of detection of the critical analytes to yield detectable analyte concentration (above \"action\" levels) for the majority of the study's samples and to address what portion of those analytes answer the research question-total or partial concentrations. To guarantee a robust analytical result that answers the research question(s), a well-defined quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) plan must be employed. This QA/QC plan must include the collection and analysis of field and laboratory blanks, sample duplicates, and matrix-matched standard reference materials (SRMs). The proper SRMs may include in-house materials and/or a selection of widely available commercial materials. A discussion of the preparation and applicability of in-house reference materials is also presented. Only when all these analytical issues are sufficiently addressed can the research questions be answered with known certainty.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111193","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., and Lamothe, P.J., 2011, Inorganic chemical analysis of environmental materials—A lecture series: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1193, iii, 7 p.; 98 Slides; Table;, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111193.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.; 98 Slides; Table;","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1193.gif"},{"id":92207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4993e4b07f02db5b54fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005361,"text":"70005361 - 2011 - Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"70005361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":369,"text":"Mineral Industry Surveys","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2009","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70005361","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2009: Mineral Industry Surveys, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70005361.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/m&q/dir-2009-ugmin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":204308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f72"}
,{"id":70005349,"text":"ofr20111226 - 2011 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-11T08:37:27","indexId":"ofr20111226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1226","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington","docAbstract":"Between February 22 and March 3, 2010, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the Elwha River Delta, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, under PCMSC Field Activity ID S-6-10-PS. Three ancillary surveys were conducted when sea conditions were too rough for surveying outside the harbor breakwaters. The first ancillary survey was of the area surrounding the abandoned Rayonier Pier site in Port Angeles Harbor, a former log-storage facility on the southern side of Ediz Hook near the Port Angeles Coast Guard Station. Finally, several lines of bathymetry and backscatter data were collected on the outer face of Ediz Hook as the vessel transited to and from the Elwha River Delta. These data were collected to inspect failure features along the northern edge of Ediz Hook that were first observed in 2005 during USGS cruise K-1-05-PS.\nThe surveys were conducted using the R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with an interferometric sidescan sonar for swath mapping and real-time kinematic navigation equipment for accurate shallow water operations. This report provides these data in a number of different formats, as well as a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111226","usgsCitation":"Finlayson, D.P., Miller, I.M., and Warrick, J., 2011, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Elwha River Delta, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1226, Abstract; Survey Outline; Geodetic Control; Data Processing; Survey Results; Data Tables; Figures; References; Appendix; Metadata;, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111226.","productDescription":"Abstract; Survey Outline; Geodetic Control; Data Processing; Survey Results; Data Tables; Figures; References; Appendix; Metadata;","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1226.png"},{"id":94126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f28c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042251,"text":"sir201151208 - 2011 - Vegetation of the Elwha River estuary: Chapter 8 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-06T11:36:42","indexId":"sir201151208","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-8","title":"Vegetation of the Elwha River estuary: Chapter 8 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The Elwha River estuary supports one of the most diverse coastal wetland complexes yet described in the Salish Sea region, in terms of vegetation types and plant species richness. Using a combination of aerial imagery and vegetation plot sampling, we identified 6 primary vegetation types and 121 plant species in a 39.7 ha area. Most of the estuary is dominated by woody vegetation types, with mixed riparian forest being the most abundant (20 ha), followed by riparian shrub (6.3 ha) and willow-alder forest (3.9 ha). The shrub-emergent marsh transition vegetation type was fourth most abundant (2.2 ha), followed by minor amounts of dunegrass (1.75 ha) and emergent marsh (0.2 ha). This chapter documents the abundance, distribution, and floristics of these six vegetation types, including plant species richness, life form, species origin (native or introduced), and species wetland indicator status. These data will serve as a baseline to which future changes can be compared, following the impending removal of Glines Canyon and Elwha Dams upstream on the Elwha River. Dam removals may alter many of the processes, materials, and biotic interactions that influence the estuary plant communities, including hydrology, salinity, sediment and wood transport, nutrients, and plant-microbe interactions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington - Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (SIR 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151208","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 8 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/\" target=\"_blank\">Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120</a>","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., Fuentes, T.L., Pritekel, C., Beirne, M., and Beauchamp, V.B., 2011, Vegetation of the Elwha River estuary: Chapter 8 in <i>Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-8, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151208.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuentes, Tracy L.","contributorId":8952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritekel, Cynthia","contributorId":101538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritekel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Matthew M.","contributorId":66984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":39468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005063,"text":"70005063 - 2011 - Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:15:08.320177","indexId":"70005063","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>","title":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","docAbstract":"The smooth cordgrass <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh, <i>S. alterniflora</i> may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that <i>S. alterniflora</i> marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether <i>S. alterniflora</i> plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined <i>in situ</i> foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>, <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>, and  <sup>15</sup>N-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of <i>S. alterniflora</i> in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> > glycine > NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09117","usgsCitation":"Mozdzer, T., Kirwan, M., McGlathery, K., and Zieman, J.C., 2011, Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 433, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62da88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mozdzer, T. J.","contributorId":31888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M.","contributorId":41124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlathery, K. J.","contributorId":72109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, J. C.","contributorId":23265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zieman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042575,"text":"70042575 - 2011 - Seismic zonation of Port-Au-Prince using pixel- and object-based imaging analysis methods on ASTER GDEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-10T17:43:06.108621","indexId":"70042575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic zonation of Port-Au-Prince using pixel- and object-based imaging analysis methods on ASTER GDEM","docAbstract":"We report about a preliminary study to evaluate the use of semi-automated imaging analysis of remotely-sensed DEM and field geophysical measurements to develop a seismic-zonation map of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. For in situ data, V<sub>S</sub>30 values are derived from the MASW technique deployed in and around the city. For satellite imagery, we use an ASTER GDEM of Hispaniola. We apply both pixel- and object-based imaging methods on the ASTER GDEM to explore local topography (absolute elevation values) and classify terrain types such as mountains, alluvial fans and basins/near-shore regions. We assign NEHRP seismic site class ranges based on available V<sub>S</sub>30 values. A comparison of results from imagery-based methods to results from traditional geologic-based approaches reveals good overall correspondence. We conclude that image analysis of RS data provides reliable first-order site characterization results in the absence of local data and can be useful to refine detailed site maps with sparse local data.","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","doi":"10.14358/PERS.77.9.909","usgsCitation":"Yong, A., Hough, S.E., Cox, B.R., Rathje, E.M., Bachhuber, J., Dulberg, R., Hulslander, D., Christiansen, L., and Abrams, M.J., 2011, Seismic zonation of Port-Au-Prince using pixel- and object-based imaging analysis methods on ASTER GDEM: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 77, no. 9, p. 909-921, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.77.9.909.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-027364","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.77.9.909","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","city":"Port-au-Prince","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.36,18.49 ], [ -72.36,18.6 ], [ -72.20,18.6 ], [ -72.20,18.49 ], [ -72.36,18.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"77","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5139c4fde4b09608cc166b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":23037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Brady R.","contributorId":89032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brady","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rathje, Ellen M.","contributorId":9544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathje","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachhuber, Jeff","contributorId":75031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachhuber","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dulberg, Ranon","contributorId":24247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulberg","given":"Ranon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hulslander, David","contributorId":107994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulslander","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christiansen, Lisa","contributorId":57333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Abrams, Michael J.","contributorId":88229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70004683,"text":"70004683 - 2011 - Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"70004683","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities","docAbstract":"The status of freshwater fishes continues to decline despite substantial conservation efforts to reverse this trend and recover threatened and endangered aquatic species. Lack of success is partially due to working at smaller spatial scales and focusing on habitats and species that are already degraded. Protecting entire watersheds and aquatic communities, which we term \"native fish conservation areas\" (NFCAs), would complement existing conservation efforts by protecting intact aquatic communities while allowing compatible uses. Four critical elements need to be met within a NFCA: (1) maintain processes that create habitat complexity, diversity, and connectivity; (2) nurture all of the life history stages of the fishes being protected; (3) include a long-term enough watershed to provide long-term persistence of native fish populations; and (4) provide management that is sustainable over time. We describe how a network of protected watersheds could be created that would anchor aquatic conservation needs in river basins across the country.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society; Taylor & Francis Group, LLC","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD; Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.E., Williams, R.N., Thurow, R.F., Elwell, L., Philipp, D.P., Harris, F.A., Kershner, J.L., Martinez, P.J., Miller, D., Reeves, G.H., Frissell, C.A., and Sedell, J.R., 2011, Native fish conservation areas: A vision for large-scale conservation of native fish communities: Fisheries, v. 36, no. 6, p. 267-277.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2011.582398","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jack E.","contributorId":93774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard N.","contributorId":62471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurow, Russell F.","contributorId":21035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elwell, Leah","contributorId":33587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elwell","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philipp, David P.","contributorId":31266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philipp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Fred A.","contributorId":53244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martinez, Patrick J.","contributorId":48433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Dirk","contributorId":49240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Frissell, Christopher A.","contributorId":37607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frissell","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sedell, James R.","contributorId":50791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70005334,"text":"ofr20111230 - 2011 - A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T12:09:39","indexId":"ofr20111230","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1230","title":"A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09","docAbstract":"We analyzed 6 years (2004&ndash;09) of passage and survival data collected at McNary Dam to determine how dam operations and environmental conditions affect passage and survival of juvenile salmonids. A multinomial logistic regression was used to examine how environmental variables and dam operations relate to passage behavior of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam. We used the Cormack-Jolly-Seber release-recapture model to determine how the survival of juvenile salmonids passing through McNary Dam relates to environmental variables and dam operations. Total project discharge and the proportion of flow passing the spillway typically had a positive effect on survival for all species and routes. As the proportion of water through the spillway increased, the number of fish passing the spillway increased, as did overall survival. Additionally, survival generally was higher at night. There was no meaningful difference in survival for fish that passed through the north or south portions of the spillway or powerhouse. Similarly, there was no difference in survival for fish released in the north, middle, or south portions of the tailrace. For subyearling Chinook salmon migrating during the summer season, increased temperatures had a drastic effect on passage and survival. As temperature increased, survival of subyearling Chinook salmon decreased through all passage routes and the number of fish that passed through the turbines increased. During years when the temporary spillway weirs (TSWs) were installed, passage through the spillway increased for spring migrants. However, due to the changes made in the location of the TSW between years and the potential effect of other confounding environmental conditions, it is not certain if the increase in spillway passage was due solely to the presence of the TSWs. The TSWs appeared to improve forebay survival during years when they were operated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111230","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Walker, C.E., and Perry, R., 2011, A multi-year analysis of passage and survival at McNary Dam, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1230, viii, 122 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111230.","productDescription":"viii, 122 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"136","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coumbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,48.25 ], [ -117.5,48.25 ], [ -117.5,45.5 ], [ -120.83333333333333,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54569f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, C. E.","contributorId":43168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005333,"text":"sir20115121 - 2011 - Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:45:17","indexId":"sir20115121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5121","title":"Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Houston is a surface-water-supply reservoir and an important recreational resource for the city of Houston, Texas. Growing concerns over water quality in Lake Houston prompted a detailed assessment of water quality in the reservoir. The assessment focused on water-quality constituents that affect the aesthetic quality of drinking water. The hydrologic and water-quality conditions influencing the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston were assessed using discrete and continuously monitored water-quality data collected during April 2006– September 2008. </p><p>The hydrology of Lake Houston is characterized by rapidly changing conditions. During inflow events, water residence time can change by orders of magnitude within a matter of hours. Likewise, the reservoir can stratify and destratify over a period of several hours, even during non-summer and at relatively short water residence times, given extended periods with warm temperatures and little wind. The rapidly changing hydrology likely influences all other aspects of water quality in Lake Houston, including the occurrence of taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds. </p><p>Water quality in Lake Houston varied with respect to season and water residence time but typically was indicative of turbid, eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. In general, turbidity and nutrient concentrations were largest during non-summer (October–May) and when water residence times were relatively short (less than 100 days), which reflects the influence of inflow events on water-quality conditions. Large inflow events can cause substantial changes in water-quality conditions over relatively short periods of time (hours). </p><p>The taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria were always present in Lake Houston. Cyanobacterial biovolume was largest during summer (June– September) and when water residence time was greater than 100 days. Annual maxima in cyanobacterial biovolume occurred during July-September of each year, when temperatures were larger than 27 degrees Celsius and water residence times were longer than 400 days. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant during non-summer and when water residence times were less than 100 days, reflecting the close association between these organisms and transport of suspended sediments. </p><p>Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the taste-and-odor causing compounds most commonly produced by cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria. Geosmin was detected more frequently (62 percent of samples) than 2-methylisoborneol (29 percent of samples) in Lake Houston. Geosmin exceeded the human detection threshold (10 nanograms per liter) only once during the study period and 2-methylisoborneol exceeded the human detection threshold twice. Manganese is a naturally occurring trace element that can occasionally cause taste-andodor problems in drinking water. Manganese concentrations exceeded the human detection threshold (about 50 micrograms per liter) in about 50 percent of samples collected near the surface and 84 percent of samples collected near the bottom. The cyanotoxin microcystin was detected relatively infrequently (16 percent of samples) and at small concentrations (less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms per liter). </p><p>The abundance of the taste-and-odor causing organisms cyanobacteria and actinomycetes bacteria in Lake Houston was coupled with inflow events and subsequent changes in water-quality conditions. Cyanobacterial biovolume (biomass) in Lake Houston was largest during warm periods with little inflow and relatively small turbidity values. In contrast, actinomycetes bacteria were most abundant following inflow events when turbidity was relatively large. Severe taste-and-odor problems were not observed during the study period, precluding quantification of the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with large concentrations of taste-and-odor causing compounds and development of predictive models.</p><p> Reservoir inflow (water residence time) and turbidity, variables related to the abundance of potential taste-andodor causing organisms, are currently (2011) continuously measured in Lake Houston, and predictive models could be developed in the future when the hydrologic and water-quality conditions associated with taste-and-odor problems have been better quantified. Seasonal and water residence time influences on water-quality conditions altered relations between hydrologic and water-quality conditions and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds. Future data collection and&nbsp;development of predictive models need to account for the variability associated with season and water residence time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Beussink, A.M., and Graham, J.L., 2011, Relations between hydrology, water quality, and taste-and-odor causing organisms and compounds in Lake Houston, Texas, April 2006-September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5121, Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115121.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 22 p.; Appendixes","startPage":"i","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5121.gif"},{"id":92146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"Zone 15, North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston, San Jacinto River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,30.8 ], [ -94.83333333333333,29.833333333333332 ], [ -95.91666666666667,29.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005340,"text":"sir20115120 - 2011 - Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"sir20115120","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120","title":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"This report includes chapters that summarize the results of multidisciplinary studies to quantify and characterize the current (2011) status and baseline conditions of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and the adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to the historic removal of two long-standing dams that have strongly influenced river, estuary, and nearshore conditions. The studies were conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-disciplinary Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (MD-CHIPS) project. Chapter 1 is the introductory chapter that provides background and a historical context for the Elwha River dam removal and ecosystem restoration project. In chapter 2, the volume and timing of sediment delivery to the estuary and nearshore are discussed, providing an overview of the sediment stored in the two reservoirs and the expected erosion mechanics of the reservoir sediment deposits after removal of the dams. Chapter 3 describes the geological background of the Olympic Peninsula and the geomorphology of the Elwha River and nearshore. Chapter 4 details a series of hydrological data collected by the MD-CHIPS Elwha project. These include groundwater monitoring, surface water-groundwater interactions in the estuary, an estimated surface-water budget to the estuary, and a series of temperature and salinity measurements. Chapter 5 details the work that has been completed in the nearshore, including the measurement of waves, tides, and currents; the development of a numerical hydrodynamic model; and a description of the freshwater plume entering the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Chapter 6 includes a characterization of the nearshore benthic substrate developed using sonar, which formed a habitat template used to design scuba surveys of the benthic biological communities. Chapter 7 describes the ecological studies conducted in the lower river and estuary and includes characterization of juvenile salmon diets and seasonal estuary utilization patterns using otolith analysis to determine habitat specific and hatchery compared with wild patterns in juvenile Chinook salmon, assessment of benthic and terrestrial macroinvertebrate communities, and seasonal patterns of water nutrients. In Chapter 8, the vegetation communities of the eastern estuary are characterized by mapped vegetation cover types and samples collected for vegetation composition and diversity. Chapter 9 summarizes the existing conditions of the study area as detailed in this report and describes some of the possible outcomes of river restoration on the coastal ecosystems of the Elwha River.\nTogether, these different scientific perspectives form a basis for understanding the Elwha River ecosystem, an environment that has and will undergo substantial change. A century of change began with the start of dam construction in 1910; additional major change will result from dam removal scheduled to begin in September 2011. This report provides a scientific snapshot of the lower Elwha River, its estuary, and adjacent nearshore ecosystems prior to dam removal that can be used to evaluate the responses and dynamics of various system components following dam removal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115120","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Warrick, J., and Magirl, C.S., 2011, Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington- Biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120, viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115120.","productDescription":"viii, 264 p.; Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9; Animation Figure","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5120.jpg"},{"id":92151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b08e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004681,"text":"70004681 - 2011 - Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:46:27.96895","indexId":"70004681","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem‐level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. Here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest‐stream ecosystem. In a Japanese headwater stream, camel crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) were 20 times more likely to enter a stream if infected by a nematomorph parasite (Gordionus spp.), corroborating evidence that nematomorphs manipulate their hosts to seek water where the parasites emerge as free‐living adults. Endangered Japanese trout (</span><i>Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus</i><span>) readily ate these infected orthopterans, which due to their abundance, accounted for 60% of the annual energy intake of the trout population. Trout grew fastest in the fall, when nematomorphs were driving energy‐rich orthopterans into the stream. When infected orthopterans were available, trout did not eat benthic invertebrates in proportion to their abundance, leading to the potential for cascading, indirect effects through the forest‐stream ecosystem. These results provide the first quantitative evidence that a manipulative parasite can dramatically alter the flow of energy through and across ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-1565.1","usgsCitation":"Sato, T., Watanabe, K., Kanaiwa, M., Niizuma, Y., Harada, Y., and Lafferty, K.D., 2011, Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem: Ecology, v. 92, no. 1, p. 201-207, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1565.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/139443","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Honshu","otherGeospatial":"Totsu River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              135.47687530517578,\n              34.02477865123825\n            ],\n            [\n              135.5819320678711,\n              34.02477865123825\n            ],\n            [\n              135.5819320678711,\n              34.09531631608616\n            ],\n            [\n              135.47687530517578,\n              34.09531631608616\n            ],\n            [\n              135.47687530517578,\n              34.02477865123825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, Takuya","contributorId":26420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sato","given":"Takuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watanabe, Katsutoshi","contributorId":90026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watanabe","given":"Katsutoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanaiwa, Minoru","contributorId":50278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanaiwa","given":"Minoru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niizuma, Yasuaki","contributorId":18097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niizuma","given":"Yasuaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harada, Yasushi","contributorId":86884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harada","given":"Yasushi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70004818,"text":"fs20113097 - 2011 - Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"fs20113097","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3097","title":"Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river","docAbstract":"After years of planning for the largest project of its kind, the Department of the Interior will begin removal of two dams on the Elwha River, Washington, in September 2011. For nearly 100 years, the Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams have disrupted natural processes, trapping sediment in the reservoirs and blocking fish migrations, which changed the ecology of the river downstream of the dams. All five Pacific salmon species and steelhead-historically present in large numbers-are locally extirpated or persist in critically low numbers. Upstream of the dams, more than 145 kilometers of pristine habitat, protected inside Olympic National Park, awaits the return of salmon populations. As the dams are removed during a 2-3 year project, some of the 19 million cubic meters of entrapped sediment will be carried downstream by the river in the largest controlled release of sediment into a river and marine waters in history. Understanding the changes to the river and coastal habitats, the fate of sediments, and the salmon recolonization of the Elwha River wilderness will provide useful information for society as future dam removals are considered.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113097","usgsCitation":"Duda, J., Warrick, J., and Magirl, C.S., 2011, Elwha River dam removal-Rebirth of a river: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3097, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113097.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":483,"text":"Northwest Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92150,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003900,"text":"70003900 - 2011 - No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:41:43.616847","indexId":"70003900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Neotropical lowland organisms often show marked population genetic structure, suggesting restricted migration among populations. However, most phylogeographic studies have focused on species inhabiting humid forest interior. Little attention has been devoted to the study of species with ecologies conducive to dispersal, such as those of more open and variable environments associated with watercourses. Using mtDNA sequences, we examined patterns of genetic variation in a widely distributed Neotropical songbird of aquatic environments, the Yellow-hooded Blackbird (Icteridae,&nbsp;</span><i>Chrysomus icterocephalus</i><span>). In contrast to many forest species, Yellow-hooded Blackbirds showed no detectable genetic structure across their range, which includes lowland populations on both sides of the Andes, much of northeastern South America, Amazonia, as well as a phenotypically distinct highland population in Colombia. A coalescent-based analysis of the species indicated that its effective population size has increased considerably, suggesting a range expansion. Our results support the hypothesis that species occurring in open habitats and tracking temporally dynamic environments should show increased dispersal propensities (hence gene flow) relative to species from closed and more stable environments. The phenotypic and behavioral variation among populations of our study species appears to have arisen recently and perhaps in the face of gene flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.014","usgsCitation":"Cadena, C.D., Gutierrez-Pinto, N., Davila, N., and Chesser, R., 2011, No population genetic structure in a widespread aquatic songbird from the Neotropics: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 58, no. 3, p. 540-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -47.0654296875,\n              -1.2303741774326018\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.8662109375,\n              6.053161295714067\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.9853515625,\n              9.44906182688142\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.64453125000001,\n              12.983147716796578\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.77636718749999,\n              14.392118083661728\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              11.178401873711785\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.1142578125,\n              12.940322128384627\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9921875,\n              9.96885060854611\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6728515625,\n              8.494104537551882\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              3.5134210456400448\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              -0.4394488164139641\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.650390625,\n              -5.266007882805485\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.79394531249999,\n              -9.709057068618208\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.59765625,\n              -9.79567758282973\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.90625,\n              -6.271618064314864\n            ],\n            [\n              -57.4365234375,\n              -5.484768018141262\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.0654296875,\n              -1.2303741774326018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cadena, Carlos Daniel","contributorId":43481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadena","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez-Pinto, Natalia","contributorId":51895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez-Pinto","given":"Natalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davila, Nicolas","contributorId":29116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davila","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005075,"text":"70005075 - 2011 - Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:51:03.605058","indexId":"70005075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Few species are distributed uniformly in space, and populations of mobile organisms are rarely closed with respect to movement, yet many models of density rely upon these assumptions. We present a hierarchical model allowing inference about the density of unmarked populations subject to temporary emigration and imperfect detection. The model can be fit to data collected using a variety of standard survey methods such as repeated point counts in which removal sampling, double‐observer sampling, or distance sampling is used during each count. Simulation studies demonstrated that parameter estimators are unbiased when temporary emigration is either “completely random” or is determined by the size and location of home ranges relative to survey points. We also applied the model to repeated removal sampling data collected on Chestnut‐sided Warblers (</span><i>Dendroica pensylvancia</i><span>) in the White Mountain National Forest, USA. The density estimate from our model, 1.09 birds/ha, was similar to an estimate of 1.11 birds/ha produced by an intensive spot‐mapping effort. Our model is also applicable when processes other than temporary emigration affect the probability of being available for detection, such as in studies using cue counts. Functions to implement the model have been added to the R package&nbsp;</span><i>unmarked</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/10-2433.1","usgsCitation":"Chandler, R.B., Royle, J., and King, D.I., 2011, Inference about density and temporary emigration in unmarked populations: Ecology, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1429-1435, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2433.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1429","endPage":"1435","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2433.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"White Mountain National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03759765625,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.03759765625,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0428466796875,\n              43.67979094030124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005322,"text":"sir20115107 - 2011 - Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115107","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5107","title":"Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007","docAbstract":"A primary goal of ongoing field research of bridge scour is improvement of scour-prediction equations so that pier-scour depth is predicted accurately-an important element of hydraulic analysis and design of highway bridges that cross streams, rivers, and other waterways. Scour depth for piers in streambeds with a mixture of sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders (coarse-bed streams, which are common in Montana) generally is less than the scour depth in finer-grained (sandy) streambeds under similar conditions. That difference is attributed to an armor layer of coarser material. Pier-scour data from the U.S. Geological Survey were used in this study to develop a bed-material correction factor, which was incorporated into the Federal Highway Administration's recommended equation for computing pier scour. This report describes results of a study of pier scour in coarse-bed streams at 59 bridge sites during 2001-2007 in the mountain and foothill regions of western Montana. Respective drainage areas ranged from about 3 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) to almost 20,000 mi<sup>2</sup>. Data collected and analyzed for this study included 103 pier-scour measurements; the report further describes data collection, shows expansion of the national coarse pier-scour database, discusses use of the new data in evaluation of relative accuracy of various predictive equations, and demonstrates how differences in size and gradation between surface bed material and shallow-subsurface bed material might relate to pier scour. Nearly all measurements were made under clear-water conditions with no incoming sediment supply to the bridge opening. Half of the measurements showed approach velocities that equaled or surpassed the critical velocity for incipient motion of bed material, possibly indicating that measurements were made very near the threshold between clear-water and live-bed scour, where maximum scour was shown in laboratory studies. Data collected in this study were compared to selected pier-scour data from the nationwide Bridge Scour Data Management System (BSDMS), to show the effect of bed-material size and gradation on scour depth. Unsteady field flow conditions and armoring by coarser material reduced scour relative to the clear-water/sandy-bed laboratory results at steady flow. The new correction factor and the standard scour equation produced the most accurate estimates of scour depth in armored, coarse-bed conditions. Maximum relative scour occurred at similar velocity across variations in bed material and gradation. Pier scour decreased with increased variation in particle size and gradation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115107","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Montana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., 2011, Investigation of pier scour in coarse-bed streams in Montana, 2001 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5107, x, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115107.","productDescription":"x, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2000-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5107.gif"},{"id":92095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin;Yellowstone River Basin;Clark Fork;Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,44 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -108,49 ], [ -108,44 ], [ -116,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70004852,"text":"70004852 - 2011 - Johne's disease and free-ranging wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T11:04:01.418018","indexId":"70004852","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Johne's disease and free-ranging wildlife","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 7","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"publisher":"Elsevier Saunders","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J., and Manning, E., 2011, Johne's disease and free-ranging wildlife, chap. <i>of</i> Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 7, p. 628-635.","productDescription":"p. 628-635","startPage":"628","endPage":"635","ipdsId":"IP-021214","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db6616fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan 0000-0002-9910-6125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":20880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, E.J.B.","contributorId":61941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"E.J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004427,"text":"70004427 - 2011 - Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70004427","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Chichester, UK","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Garrett, R.G., Closs, G., Ellefsen, K., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., and Smith, S.M., 2011, Geochemical mapping of the Denver, Colorado (USA) urban area: A comparison of studies in 1972 and 2005, chap. <i>of</i> Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas, p. 521-546.","productDescription":"p. 521-546","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470670071.ch30/summary"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae093","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.C.","contributorId":113249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508235,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demetriades, A.","contributorId":113366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demetriades","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508236,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locutura, J.","contributorId":113367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locutura","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508237,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottesen, R. T.","contributorId":112386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottesen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508234,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Closs, G.","contributorId":78458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Closs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, J.D. 0000-0003-2969-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":85710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004242,"text":"70004242 - 2011 - Fire and invasive plants on California landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70004242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fire and invasive plants on California landscapes","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Landscape Ecology of Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Franklin, J., and D'Antonio, C., 2011, Fire and invasive plants on California landscapes, chap. <i>of</i> The Landscape Ecology of Fire, p. 193-221.","productDescription":"p. 193-221","startPage":"193","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/fileHandler.ashx?File=/Lists/Products/Attachments/4199/K2011_Fire%20and%20Invasives.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":204108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4556","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Donald McKenzie, et al.","contributorId":112669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donald McKenzie","given":"et al.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508229,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":90833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D'Antonio, Carla","contributorId":25686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Antonio","given":"Carla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156765,"text":"70156765 - 2011 - Evolution of redox processes in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:38:03.272027","indexId":"70156765","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evolution of redox processes in groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic redox chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-2011-1071.ch026","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P.M., 2011, Evolution of redox processes in groundwater, chap. <i>of</i> Aquatic redox chemistry, v. 1071, p. 581-597, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1071.ch026.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026551","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1071","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b9e4b0f42e3d040e11","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tratnyek, Paul","contributorId":83173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundl, Timothy J.","contributorId":147118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundl","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haderlein, Stefan B.","contributorId":147119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haderlein","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005319,"text":"ofr20111094 - 2011 - Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ofr20111094","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1094","title":"Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities","docAbstract":"Hurricanes Katrina and Rita made landfall in 2005, subjecting the coastal marsh communities of Louisiana to various degrees of exposure. We collected data after the storms at 30 sites within fresh (12), brackish/intermediate (12), and saline (6) marshes to document the effects of saltwater storm surge and sedimentation on marsh community dynamics. The 30 sites were comprised of 15 pairs. Most pairs contained one site where data collection occurred historically (that is, prestorms) and one Coastwide Reference Monitoring System site. Data were collected from spring 2006 to fall 2007 on vegetative species composition, percentage of vegetation cover, aboveground and belowground biomass, and canopy reflectance, along with discrete porewater salinity, hourly surface-water salinity, and water level. Where available, historical data acquired before Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were used to compare conditions and changes in ecological trajectories before and after the hurricanes. Sites experiencing direct and indirect hurricane influences (referred to in this report as levels of influence) were also identified, and the effects of hurricane influence were tested on vegetation and porewater data. Within fresh marshes, porewater salinity was greater in directly impacted areas, and this heightened salinity was reflected in decreased aboveground and belowground biomass and increased cover of disturbance species in the directly impacted sites. At the brackish/intermediate marsh sites, vegetation variables and porewater salinity were similar in directly and indirectly impacted areas, but porewater salinity was higher than expected throughout the study. Interestingly, directly impacted saline marsh sites had lower porewater salinity than indirectly impacted sites, but aboveground biomass was greater at the directly impacted sites. Because of the variable and site-specific nature of hurricane influences, we present case studies to help define postdisturbance baseline conditions in fresh, brackish/ intermediate, and saline marshes. In fresh marshes, the mechanism of hurricane influence varied across the landscape. In the western region, saltwater storm surge inundated freshwater marshes and remained for weeks, effectively causing damage that reset the vegetation community. This is in contrast to the direct physical disturbance of the storm surge in the eastern region, which flipped and relocated marsh mats, thereby stressing the vegetation communities and providing an opportunity for disturbance species to colonize. In the brackish/intermediate marsh, disturbance species took advantage of the opportunity provided by shifting species composition caused by physical and saltwater-induced perturbations, although this shift is likely to be short lived. Saline marsh sites were not negatively impacted to a severe degree by the hurricanes. Species composition of vegetation in saline marshes was not affected, and sediment deposition appeared to increase vegetative productivity. The coastal landscape of Louisiana is experiencing high rates of land loss resulting from natural and anthropogenic causes and is experiencing subsidence rates greater than 10.0 millimeters per year (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>); therefore, it is important to understand how hurricanes influence sedimentation and soil properties. We document long-term vertical accretion rates and accumulation rates of organic matter, bulk density, carbon and nitrogen. Analyses using caesium-137 to calculate long-term vertical accretion rates suggest that accretion under impounded conditions is less than in nonimpounded conditions in the brackish marsh of the chenier plain. Our data also support previous studies indicating that accumulation rates of organic matter explain much of the variability associated with vertical accretion in brackish/intermediate and saline marshes. In fresh marshes, more of the variability associated with vertical accretion was explained by mineral accumulation than in the other mars","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana Coastal Areas Science and Technology Program and in collaboration with Louisiana State University, the Louisiana Governor's Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration, and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette","usgsCitation":"Piazza, S., Steyer, G.D., Cretini, K., Sasser, C.E., Visser, J.M., Holm, G., Sharp, L., Evers, D.E., and Meriwether, J.R., 2011, Geomorphic and ecological effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on coastal Louisiana marsh communities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1094, x, 110 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111094.","productDescription":"x, 110 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92000,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1094.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piazza, Sarai C. 0000-0001-6962-9008","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":63143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cretini, Kari F. 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":106247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Kari F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sasser, Charles E.","contributorId":86858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Visser, Jenneke M.","contributorId":90397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"Jenneke","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holm, Guerry O.","contributorId":79219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Guerry O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evers, D. Elaine","contributorId":98448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meriwether, John R.","contributorId":48686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meriwether","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70005315,"text":"ofr20111227 - 2011 - Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111227","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1227","title":"Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River","docAbstract":"This report describes analyses of data from radio- or acoustic-tagged juvenile salmonids passing through hydro-dam turbines to determine factors affecting fish survival. The data were collected during a series of studies designed to estimate passage and survival probabilities at McNary (2002-09) and John Day (2002-03) Dams on the Columbia River during controlled experiments of structures or operations at spillways. Relatively few tagged fish passed turbines in any single study, but sample sizes generally were adequate for our analyses when data were combined from studies using common methods over a series of years. We used information-theoretic methods to evaluate biological, operational, and group covariates by creating models fitting linear (all covariates) or curvilinear (operational covariates only) functions to the data. Biological covariates included tag burden, weight, and water temperature; operational covariates included spill percentage, total discharge, hydraulic head, and turbine unit discharge; and group covariates included year, treatment, and photoperiod. Several interactions between the variables also were considered. Support of covariates by the data was assessed by comparing the Akaike Information Criterion of competing models. The analyses were conducted because there was a lack of information about factors affecting survival of fish passing turbines volitionally and the data were available from past studies. The depth of acclimation, tag size relative to fish size (tag burden), turbine unit discharge, and area of entry into the turbine intake have been shown to affect turbine passage survival of juvenile salmonids in other studies.  This study indicates that turbine passage survival of the study fish was primarily affected by biological covariates rather than operational covariates. A negative effect of tag burden was strongly supported in data from yearling Chinook salmon at John Day and McNary dams, but not for subyearling Chinook salmon or juvenile steelhead. The negative effect of tag burden in data we examined from yearling Chinook salmon supports the recent findings from laboratory studies of barotrauma effects. A curvilinear (quadratic) effect of turbine unit discharge was weakly supported in data from subyearling Chinook salmon at John Day Dam. The maximum survival from those data was estimated to occur at a discharge of 15.9 thousand cubic feet per second, but the estimate was imprecise (95 percent confidence interval of -1.7-33.7 thousand cubic feet per second). This estimate is within the range of 1 percent of peak turbine operating efficiency (12.0-21.6 thousand cubic feet per second), but is lower than the 17.2 thousand cubic feet per second discharge at peak operating efficiency (at a head of 102 feet near the median in the data we examined). Effects of water temperature were supported in four of the five examined data sets and were strongly supported in all but one. Spill percentage, head, and total discharge received weak or moderate support in some cases.  The results are consistent with those of several controlled field experiments of turbine discharge. Studies based on the Hi-Z Turb'N tag (balloon tag) often show small, generally statistically insignificant, differences in survival at different turbine discharge levels. Some studies also show that a quadratic equation can be well fit to the relation of survival and turbine unit discharge. The lack of support for the operational covariates in most of the data sets we examined may be due to the small effect turbine discharge has even in controlled studies, the observational nature of the data we used, and the evaluation method. We assessed support of the data for models of linear and quadratic effects, whereas controlled experiments often statistically compare the point estimates of survival from each operational treatment studied. The results of our analyses suggest tag burden should be minimized or controlled for in analyses of future stu","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111227","collaboration":"Contributors: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, and prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Hansel, H., Perry, R., Hockersmith, E., and Sandford, B., 2011, Analyses of potential factors affecting survival of juvenile salmonids volitionally passing through turbines at McNary and John Day Dams, Columbia River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1227, viii, 73 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111227.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1227.jpg"},{"id":91986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River;Mcnary Dam;John Day Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.91666666666667,45.25 ], [ -120.91666666666667,46 ], [ -119.11666666666666,46 ], [ -119.11666666666666,45.25 ], [ -120.91666666666667,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68386f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John","contributorId":14559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, Hal","contributorId":65947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell","contributorId":33829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hockersmith, Eric","contributorId":56781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockersmith","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandford, Ben","contributorId":43904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005314,"text":"70005314 - 2011 - Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T16:10:08","indexId":"70005314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>The health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. However, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. We investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;104) and striped mullet (</span><i>Mugil cephalus</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest Florida. Skinless fillets were analyzed for total mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. Largemouth bass were found to contain high levels of total mercury at all sampling locations (0.37–0.89&nbsp;ug/g) and one location exhibited elevated total PCBs (39.4&nbsp;ng/g). All of the samples exceeded Florida fish consumption advisory trigger levels for total mercury and one location exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs. As a result of the high mercury levels, the non-cancer health risks (hazard index–HI) for bass were above 1 for all locations. Striped mullet from several locations with known point sources contained elevated levels of PCBs (overall range 3.4–59.3&nbsp;ng/g). However, total mercury levels in mullet were low. Eight of the 16 mullet sampling locations exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs and two locations exceeded an HI of 1 due to elevated PCBs. Despite the elevated levels of total PCBs in some samples, only two locations exceeded the acceptable cancer risk range and therefore cancer health risks from consumption of bass and mullet were determined to be low at most sampling locations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.06.003","usgsCitation":"Karouna-Renier, N., Snyder, R.A., Lange, T., Gibson, S., Allison, J.G., Wagner, M.E., and Rao, K.R., 2011, Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida: Marine Environmental Research, v. 72, no. 3, p. 96-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology 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Suzanne","contributorId":54334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allison, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":82047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Matthew E.","contributorId":63144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rao, K. 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,{"id":70043542,"text":"70043542 - 2011 - Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: A pan-tropical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T16:07:04","indexId":"70043542","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T16:03:57","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: A pan-tropical analysis","docAbstract":"Tropical rain forests play a dominant role in global biosphere-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> exchange. Although climate and nutrient availability regulate net primary production (NPP) and decomposition in all terrestrial ecosystems, the nature and extent of such controls in tropical forests remain poorly resolved. We conducted a meta-analysis of carbon-nutrient-climate relationships in 113 sites across the tropical forest biome. Our analyses showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of aboveground NPP (ANPP) across all tropical forests, but this relationship was driven by distinct temperature differences between upland and lowland forests. Within lowland forests (< 1000 m), a regression tree analysis revealed that foliar and soil-based measurements of phosphorus (P) were the only variables that explained a significant proportion of the variation in ANPP, although the relationships were weak. However, foliar P, foliar nitrogen (N), litter decomposition rate (k), soil N and soil respiration were all directly related with total surface (0–10 cm) soil P concentrations. Our analysis provides some evidence that P availability regulates NPP and other ecosystem processes in lowland tropical forests, but more importantly, underscores the need for a series of large-scale nutrient manipulations – especially in lowland forests – to elucidate the most important nutrient interactions and controls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C.C., Townsend, A.R., Taylor, P., Alvarez-Clare, S., Bustamante, M., Chuyong, G., Dobrowski, S.Z., Grierson, P., Harms, K.E., Houlton, B.Z., Marklein, A., Parton, W., Porder, S., Reed, S.C., Sierra, C., Silver, W., Tanner, E., and Wieder, W.R., 2011, Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: A pan-tropical analysis: Ecology Letters, v. 14, no. 9, p. 939-947, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"947","ipdsId":"IP-034794","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275022,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e519eee4b069f8d27ccb27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Alan R.","contributorId":62868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Philip","contributorId":54091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez-Clare, Silvia","contributorId":21439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez-Clare","given":"Silvia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bustamante, Mercedes","contributorId":75416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustamante","given":"Mercedes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chuyong, George","contributorId":77025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuyong","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dobrowski, Solomon Z.","contributorId":8751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrowski","given":"Solomon","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grierson, Pauline","contributorId":76206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grierson","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harms, Kyle E.","contributorId":92565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Houlton, Benjamin Z.","contributorId":9553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houlton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marklein, Alison","contributorId":34019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marklein","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Parton, William","contributorId":75175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Porder, Stephen","contributorId":6357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porder","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sierra, Carlos A.","contributorId":30521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierra","given":"Carlos A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Silver, Whendee L.","contributorId":80998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"Whendee L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Tanner, 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,{"id":70235941,"text":"70235941 - 2011 - Tertiary volcanism in the eastern San Juan mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T16:50:09.8117","indexId":"70235941","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T11:43:08","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tertiary volcanism in the eastern San Juan mountains","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The eastern San Juan Mountains: Their ecology, geology, and human history","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Colorado","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and McIntosh, W., 2011, Tertiary volcanism in the eastern San Juan mountains, chap. <i>of</i> The eastern San Juan Mountains: Their ecology, geology, and human history, p. 17-37.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nssv"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.5177001953125,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.160888671875,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.160888671875,\n              38.363195134453846\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5177001953125,\n              38.363195134453846\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5177001953125,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntosh, William C.","contributorId":48638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171011,"text":"70171011 - 2011 - Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:35:46.88476","indexId":"70171011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the present study a branched serial first-order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6-chloro-</span><i>N</i><span>-ethyl-</span><i>N</i><span>&prime;-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one-dimensional solute-transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.597","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Sandstrom, M.W., Krutz, L.J., and Shaner, D.L., 2011, Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1973-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.597.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1973","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019767","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d664ce4b07e28b6684e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Richard M. 0000-0001-9531-2207 rmwebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":1570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard","email":"rmwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutz, L. Jason","contributorId":169420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krutz","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":25506,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Serv., Stoneville, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaner, Dale L.","contributorId":169419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25505,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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