{"pageNumber":"1743","pageRowStart":"43550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184657,"records":[{"id":70003897,"text":"70003897 - 2011 - Local richness along gradients in the Siskiyou herb flora: R. H. Whittaker revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:59:10.049018","indexId":"70003897","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local richness along gradients in the Siskiyou herb flora: R. H. Whittaker revisited","docAbstract":"<p><span>In his classic study in the Siskiyou Mountains (Oregon, USA), one of the most botanically rich forested regions in North America, R. H.&nbsp;</span><a class=\"scrollableLink\" href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/09-2137.1#i0012-9658-92-1-108-Whittaker1\" data-mce-href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/09-2137.1#i0012-9658-92-1-108-Whittaker1\">Whittaker (1960</a><span>) foreshadowed many modern ideas on the multivariate control of local species richness along environmental gradients related to productivity. Using a structural equation model to analyze his data, which were never previously statistically analyzed, we demonstrate that Whittaker was remarkably accurate in concluding that local herb richness in these late‐seral forests is explained to a large extent by three major abiotic gradients (soils, topography, and elevation), and in turn, by the effects of these gradients on tree densities and the numbers of individual herbs. However, while Whittaker also clearly appreciated the significance of large‐scale evolutionary and biogeographic influences on community composition, he did not fully articulate the more recent concept that variation in the species richness of local communities could be explained in part by variation in the sizes of regional species pools. Our model of his data is among the first to use estimates of regional species pool size to explain variation in local community richness along productivity‐related gradients. We find that regional pool size, combined with a modest number of other interacting abiotic and biotic factors, explains most of the variation in local herb richness in the Siskiyou biodiversity hotspot.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-2137.1","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Harrison, S., and Damschen, E.I., 2011, Local richness along gradients in the Siskiyou herb flora: R. H. Whittaker revisited: Ecology, v. 92, no. 1, p. 108-120, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2137.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Siskiyou Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.002685546875,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              44.28453670601888\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.002685546875,\n              44.28453670601888\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.002685546875,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b22e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Susan","contributorId":85707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damschen, Ellen Ingman","contributorId":6177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damschen","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ingman","affiliations":[{"id":16916,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005302,"text":"gip132 - 2011 - Floor of Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:14:38.396343","indexId":"gip132","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"132","title":"Floor of Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Lake-floor depths shown by color, from light tan (shallowest) to blue (deepest). Arrows on map (C) show orientations of perspective views. A, view toward McKinney Bay over blocks tumbled onto the lake floor by a massive landslide 10s to 100s of thousands of years ago; dark triangular block near center is approximately 1.5 km (0.9 mi) across and 120 m (390 ft) high. B, view toward South Lake Tahoe and Emerald Bay (on right) over sediment waves as much as 10 m (30 ft) high, created by sediment flowing down the south margin of the lake. Slopes appear twice as steep as they are. Lake-floor imagery from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) multibeam bathymetric data and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers bathymetric lidar data. Land imagery generated by overlaying USGS digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs) on USGS digital elevation models (DEMs). All data available at http://tahoe.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip132","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., and Gibbons, H., 2011, Floor of Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 132, 2 p. Postcard, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip132.","productDescription":"2 p. Postcard","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_132.gif"},{"id":411440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95550.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":91903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.91858554300163,\n              39.250629181250076\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1655816375422,\n              39.250629181250076\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1655816375422,\n              38.93343883786903\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91858554300163,\n              38.93343883786903\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91858554300163,\n              39.250629181250076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005267,"text":"sir20115133 - 2011 - A digital model for planning water management at Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, west-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115133","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5133","title":"A digital model for planning water management at Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, west-central Montana","docAbstract":"Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge is an important area for waterfowl production and migratory stopover in west-central Montana. Eight wetland units covering about 5,600 acres are the essential features of the refuge. Water availability for the wetland units can be uncertain owing to the large natural variations in precipitation and runoff and the high cost of pumping supplemental water. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has developed a digital model for planning water management. The model can simulate strategies for water transfers among the eight wetland units and account for variability in runoff and pumped water. This report describes this digital model, which uses a water-accounting spreadsheet to track inputs and outputs to each of the wetland units of Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Inputs to the model include (1) monthly values for precipitation, pumped water, runoff, and evaporation; (2) water-level/capacity data for each wetland unit; and (3) the pan-evaporation coefficient. Outputs include monthly water volume and flooded surface area for each unit for as many as 5 consecutive years. The digital model was calibrated by comparing simulated and historical measured water volumes for specific test years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., McCarthy, P., and Fields, V., 2011, A digital model for planning water management at Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, west-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5133, vi, 26 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115133.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 Download","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5133.png"},{"id":91899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Cascade;Chouteau;Teton","otherGeospatial":"Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,47.416666666666664 ], [ -112,47.916666666666664 ], [ -111,47.916666666666664 ], [ -111,47.416666666666664 ], [ -112,47.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, Peter 0000-0002-2396-7463 pmccarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7463","contributorId":2504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Peter","email":"pmccarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Vanessa","contributorId":76452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004836,"text":"70004836 - 2011 - Estimation of late twentieth century land-cover change in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:41:53","indexId":"70004836","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of late twentieth century land-cover change in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the first comprehensive multi-temporal analysis of land-cover change for California across its major ecological regions and primary land-cover types. Recently completed satellite-based estimates of land-cover and land-use change information for large portions of the United States allow for consistent measurement and comparison across heterogeneous landscapes. Landsat data were employed within a pure-panel stratified one-stage cluster sample to estimate and characterize land-cover change for 1973–2000. Results indicate anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as forest cutting and fire, were the dominant changes, followed by large fluctuations between agriculture and rangelands. Contrary to common perception, agriculture remained relatively stable over the 27-year period with an estimated loss of 1.0% of agricultural land. The largest net declines occurred in the grasslands/shrubs class at 5,131&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span> and forest class at 4,722&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Developed lands increased by 37.6%, composing an estimated 4.2% of the state’s land cover by 2000.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10661-010-1385-8","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Wilson, T.S., Soulard, C.E., and Liu, J., 2011, Estimation of late twentieth century land-cover change in California: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 173, no. 1-4, p. 251-266, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1385-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"173","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005304,"text":"ds629 - 2011 - Selected investigations and statistical summary of surface-water quality in the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama, north-central New Mexico, during water years 1985-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ds629","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"629","title":"Selected investigations and statistical summary of surface-water quality in the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama, north-central New Mexico, during water years 1985-2007","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) is supplementing the municipal water supply for Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the surrounding area with water diverted from the Rio Grande. The distribution of surface water for municipal supply has raised questions about the quality of water in the Rio Grande and the possibility of contaminants in the water. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with ABCWUA, has compiled existing water-quality data collected on the Rio Grande and its main tributary, the Rio Chama, by various Federal and State agencies to provide a comprehensive overview of water quality in the Rio Grande basin upstream from Albuquerque. This report describes selected water-quality investigations conducted by various Federal and State agencies and 2007 USGS surface-water-quality investigations and data-collection activities and presents a statistical summary of selected water-quality data collected on the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama in central and northern New Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds629","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Falk, S.E., Anderholm, S.K., and Engdahl, N.B., 2011, Selected investigations and statistical summary of surface-water quality in the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama, north-central New Mexico, during water years 1985-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 629, iv, 36 p.;Available Online Only: Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds629.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.;Available Online Only: Appendix 1, Appendix 2, Appendix 3, Appendix 4","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_629.gif"},{"id":91902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/629/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107,34.833333333333336 ], [ -107,36.75 ], [ -105.75,36.75 ], [ -105.75,34.833333333333336 ], [ -107,34.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falk, Sarah E. sefalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"Sarah","email":"sefalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engdahl, Nicholas B.","contributorId":16561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003913,"text":"70003913 - 2011 - Limnogeology in Brazil's \"forgotten wilderness\": A synthesis from the large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T20:19:35.462342","indexId":"70003913","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnogeology in Brazil's \"forgotten wilderness\": A synthesis from the large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal","docAbstract":"Sediment records from floodplain lakes have a large and commonly untapped potential for inferring wetland response to global change. The Brazilian Pantanal is a vast, seasonally inundated savanna floodplain system controlled by the flood pulse of the Upper Paraguay River. Little is known, however, about how floodplain lakes within the Pantanal act as sedimentary basins, or what influence hydroclimatic variables exert on limnogeological processes. This knowledge gap was addressed through an actualistic analysis of three large, shallow (<5 m) floodplain lakes in the western Pantanal: Lagoa Ga&#237;va, Lagoa Mandior&#233; and Baia Vermelha. The lakes are dilute (CO3 <sup>2-</sup> > Si<sup>4+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup>), mildly alkaline, freshwater systems, the chemistries and morphometrics of which evolve with seasonal flooding. Lake sills are bathymetric shoals marked by siliciclastic fans and marsh vegetation. Flows at the sills likely undergo seasonal reversals with the changing stage of the Upper Paraguay River. Deposition in deeper waters, typically encountered in proximity to margin-coincident topography, is dominated by reduced silty-clays with abundant siliceous microfossils and organic matter. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, plus hydrogen index measured on bulk organic matter, suggest that contributions from algae (including cyanobacteria) and other C3-vegetation dominate in these environments. The presence of lotic sponge spicules, together with patterns of terrigenous sand deposition and geochemical indicators of productivity, points to the importance of the flood pulse for sediment and nutrient delivery to the lakes. Flood-pulse plumes, waves and bioturbation likewise affect the continuity of sedimentation. Short-lived radioisotopes indicate rates of 0.11-0.24 cm year<sup>-1</sup> at sites of uninterrupted deposition. A conceptual facies model, developed from insights gained from modern seasonal processes, can be used to predict limnogeological change when the lakes become isolated on the floodplain or during intervals associated with a strengthened flood pulse. Amplification of the seasonal cycle over longer time scales suggests carbonate, sandy lowstand fan and terrestrial organic matter deposition during arid periods, whereas deposition of lotic sponges, mixed aquatic organic matter, and highstand deltas characterizes wet intervals. The results hold substantial value for interpreting paleolimnological records from floodplain lakes linked to large tropical rivers with annual flooding cycles.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10933-011-9538-5","usgsCitation":"McGlue, M.M., Silva, A., Corradini, F.A., Zani, H., Trees, M.A., Ellis, G.S., Parolin, M., Swarzenski, P.W., Cohen, A.S., and Assine, M.L., 2011, Limnogeology in Brazil's \"forgotten wilderness\": A synthesis from the large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 273-289, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9538-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil, Bolivia","otherGeospatial":"Bahia Vermelha, Brazilian Pantanal, Lagoa Gaiva, Lagoa Madiore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -58.38134765624999,\n              -19.202241064923044\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.4312744140625,\n              -19.202241064923044\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.4312744140625,\n              -16.87289037890777\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.38134765624999,\n              -16.87289037890777\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.38134765624999,\n              -19.202241064923044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGlue, Michael M. mmcglue@usgs.gov","contributorId":4091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlue","given":"Michael","email":"mmcglue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":349451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, Aguinaldo","contributorId":15750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Aguinaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corradini, Fabricio A.","contributorId":94426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corradini","given":"Fabricio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zani, Hiran","contributorId":29119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zani","given":"Hiran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trees, Mark A.","contributorId":90861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trees","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parolin, Mauro","contributorId":42338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolin","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":100989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Assine, Mario L.","contributorId":102618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assine","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70003912,"text":"70003912 - 2011 - Lifetime of an ocean island volcano feeder zone: Constraints from U-Pb dating on coexisting zircon and baddeleyite, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T19:56:47.375897","indexId":"70003912","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lifetime of an ocean island volcano feeder zone: Constraints from U-Pb dating on coexisting zircon and baddeleyite, and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age determinations, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands","title":"Lifetime of an ocean island volcano feeder zone: Constraints from U-Pb dating on coexisting zircon and baddeleyite, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands","docAbstract":"<p><span>High-precision isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (IDTIMS) UPb zircon and baddeleyite ages from the PX1 vertically layered mafic intrusion Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, indicate initiation of magma crystallization at 22.10 0.07 Ma. The magmatic activity lasted a minimum of 0.52 Ma.&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar amphibole dating yielded ages from 21.9 0.6 to 21.8 0.3, identical within errors to the UPb ages, despite the expected 1% theoretical bias between&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and UPb dates. This overlap could result from (</span><i>i</i><span>) rapid cooling of the intrusion (i.e., less than the 0.3 to 0.6 Ma&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age uncertainties) from closure temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>c</sub><span>) of zircon (699988C) to amphibole (500600C) (</span><i>ii</i><span>) lead loss affecting the youngest zircons or (</span><i>iii</i><span>) excess argon shifting the plateau ages towards older values. The combination of the&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and U/Pb datasets implies that the maximum amount of time PX1 intrusion took to cool below amphibole&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;is 0.8 Ma, suggesting PX1 lifetime of 520000 to 800000 Ma. Age disparities among coexisting baddeleyite and zircon (22.10 0.07/0.08/0.15 Ma and 21.58 0.15/0.16/0.31 Ma) in a gabbro sample from the pluton margin suggest complex genetic relationships between phases. Baddeleyite is found preserved in plagioclase cores and crystallized early from low silica activity magma. Zircon crystallized later in a higher silica activity environment and is found in secondary scapolite and is found close to calcite veins, in secondary scapolite that recrystallised from plagioclase. close to calcite veins. Oxygen isotope&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of altered plagioclase are high (+7.7), indicating interaction with fluids derived from host-rock carbonatites. The coexistence of baddeleyite and zircon is ascribed to interaction of the PX1 gabbro with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-rich carbonatite-derived fluids released during contact metamorphism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/E10-032","usgsCitation":"Allibon, J., Ovtcharova, M., Bussy, F., Cosca, M., Schaltegger, U., Bussien, D., and Lewin, E., 2011, Lifetime of an ocean island volcano feeder zone: Constraints from U-Pb dating on coexisting zircon and baddeleyite, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, no. 2, p. 567-592, https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-032.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"592","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","state":"Canary Islands","otherGeospatial":"Fuerteventura","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -14.30694580078125,\n              28.035622160834343\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.190216064453125,\n              28.15313572268348\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.90594482421875,\n              28.240278994560775\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.812561035156248,\n              28.518176111013897\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.830413818359375,\n              28.727926235000968\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.903198242187498,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.039154052734375,\n              28.72070045309387\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.139404296875,\n              28.4795558045049\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.2218017578125,\n              28.329768791444536\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.235534667968748,\n              28.230599918714773\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.390716552734373,\n              28.132549863716783\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.497833251953123,\n              28.11801628757283\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.5184326171875,\n              28.073192028027314\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.30694580078125,\n              28.035622160834343\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allibon, James","contributorId":96966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allibon","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ovtcharova, Maria","contributorId":40864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovtcharova","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bussy, Francois","contributorId":79766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bussy","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":33043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaltegger, Urs","contributorId":65727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaltegger","given":"Urs","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bussien, Denise","contributorId":59686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bussien","given":"Denise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewin, Eric","contributorId":32784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewin","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005297,"text":"sir20115059 - 2011 - Trace elements and radon in groundwater across the United States, 1992-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115059","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5059","title":"Trace elements and radon in groundwater across the United States, 1992-2003","docAbstract":"Trace-element concentrations in groundwater were evaluated for samples collected between 1992 and 2003 from aquifers across the United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This study describes the first comprehensive analysis of those data by assessing occurrence (concentrations above analytical reporting levels) and by comparing concentrations to human-health benchmarks (HHBs). Data from 5,183 monitoring and drinking-water wells representing more than 40 principal and other aquifers in humid and dry regions and in various land-use settings were used in the analysis. Trace elements measured include aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). Radon (Rn) gas also was measured and is included in the data analysis. Climate influenced the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in groundwater whereby more trace elements occurred and were found at greater concentrations in wells in drier regions of the United States than in humid regions. In particular, the concentrations of As, Ba, B, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, U, V, and Zn were greater in the drier regions, where processes such as chemical evolution, ion complexation, evaporative concentration, and redox (oxidation-reduction) controls act to varying degrees to mobilize these elements. Al, Co, Fe, Pb, and Mn concentrations in groundwater were greater in humid regions of the United States than in dry regions, partly in response to lower groundwater pH and (or) more frequent anoxic conditions. In groundwater from humid regions, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Rn, and Zn were significantly greater in drinking-water wells than in monitoring wells. Samples from drinking-water wells in dry regions had greater concentrations of As, Ba, Pb, Li, Sr, V, and Zn, than samples from monitoring wells. In humid regions, however, concentrations of most trace elements were greater in monitoring wells than in drinking-water wells; the exceptions were Cu, Pb, Zn, and Rn. Cu, Pb, and Zn are common trace elements in pumps and pipes used in the construction of drinking-water wells, and contamination from these sources may have contributed to their concentrations. Al, Sb, Ba, B, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, and U concentrations were all greater in monitoring wells than in drinking-water wells in humid regions. Groundwater from wells in agricultural settings had greater concentrations of As, Mo, and U than groundwater from wells in urban settings, possibly owing to greater pH in the agricultural wells. Significantly greater concentrations of B, Cr, Se, Ag, Sr, and V also were found in agricultural wells in dry regions. Groundwater from dry-region urban wells had greater concentrations of Co, Fe, Pb, Li, Mn, and specific conductance than groundwater from agricultural wells. The geologic composition of aquifers and aquifer geochemistry are among the major factors affecting trace-element occurrence. Trace-element concentrations in groundwater were characterized in aquifers from eight major groups based on geologic material, including (1) unconsolidated sand and gravel; (2) glacial unconsolidated sand and gravel; (3) semiconsolidated sand; (4) sandstone; (5) sandstone and carbonate rock; (6) carbonate rock; (7) basaltic and other volcanic rock; and (8) crystalline rock. The majority of groundwater samples and the largest percentages of exceedences of HHBs were in the glacial and nonglacial unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers; in these aquifers, As, Mn, and U are the most common trace elements exceeding HHBs. Overall, 19 percent of wells (962 of 5,097) exceeded an HHB for at least one trace element. The trace elements with HHBs included in this summary were Sb, As, Ba, Be, B, Cd, Cr, ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115059","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Gronberg, J., and Apodaca, L.E., 2011, Trace elements and radon in groundwater across the United States, 1992-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5059, xi, 77 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115059.","productDescription":"xi, 77 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5059.gif"},{"id":91872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -175,7 ], [ -175,74 ], [ -65,74 ], [ -65,7 ], [ -175,7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Apodaca, Lori E. lapodaca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"Lori","email":"lapodaca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004038,"text":"70004038 - 2011 - Massive CO2 ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:22:52.800557","indexId":"70004038","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Massive CO<sub>2</sub> ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars","title":"Massive CO2 ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.1203091","usgsCitation":"Phillips, R.J., Davis, B.J., Tanaka, K.L., Byrne, S., Mellon, M.T., Putzig, N.E., Haberle, R.M., Kahre, M.A., Campbell, B.A., Carter, L.M., Smith, I., Holt, J., Smrekar, S.E., Nunes, D.C., Plaut, J.J., Egan, A.F., Titus, T.N., and Seu, R., 2011, Massive CO2 ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars: Science, v. 332, no. 6031, p. 838-841, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203091.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"838","endPage":"841","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"332","issue":"6031","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Roger J.","contributorId":74495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24730,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Brian J.","contributorId":54333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E.","contributorId":100991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haberle, Robert M.","contributorId":105840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haberle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kahre, Melinda A.","contributorId":61942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahre","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce A.","contributorId":39813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carter, Lynn M.","contributorId":39109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Isaac B.","contributorId":42696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Isaac B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Holt, John W.","contributorId":41570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smrekar, Suzanne E.","contributorId":34640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smrekar","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nunes, Daniel C.","contributorId":108241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nunes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Plaut, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":63516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plaut","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Egan, Anthony F.","contributorId":21269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egan","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Seu, Roberto","contributorId":18496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"Roberto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70003617,"text":"70003617 - 2011 - Mapping permeability over the surface of the Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:37:42.083512","indexId":"70003617","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping permeability over the surface of the Earth","docAbstract":"<p><span>Permeability, the ease of fluid flow through porous rocks and soils, is a fundamental but often poorly quantified component in the analysis of regional‐scale water fluxes. Permeability is difficult to quantify because it varies over more than 13 orders of magnitude and is heterogeneous and dependent on flow direction. Indeed, at the regional scale, maps of permeability only exist for soil to depths of 1–2 m. Here we use an extensive compilation of results from hydrogeologic models to show that regional‐scale (&gt;5 km) permeability of consolidated and unconsolidated geologic units below soil horizons (hydrolithologies) can be characterized in a statistically meaningful way. The representative permeabilities of these hydrolithologies are used to map the distribution of near‐surface (on the order of 100 m depth) permeability globally and over North America. The distribution of each hydrolithology is generally scale independent. The near‐surface mean permeability is of the order of ∼5 × 10</span><sup>−14</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The results provide the first global picture of near‐surface permeability and will be of particular value for evaluating global water resources and modeling the influence of climate‐surface‐subsurface interactions on global climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010GL045565","usgsCitation":"Gleeson, T., Smith, L., Moosdorf, N., Hartmann, J., Durr, H.H., Manning, A.H., van Beek, L.P., and Jellinek, A.M., 2011, Mapping permeability over the surface of the Earth: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 2, L02401, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045565.","productDescription":"L02401, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl045565","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":42694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Leslie","contributorId":52307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moosdorf, Nils","contributorId":71450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosdorf","given":"Nils","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartmann, Jens","contributorId":7573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"Jens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durr, Hans H.","contributorId":38851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durr","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Beek, Ludovicus P. H.","contributorId":71842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Beek","given":"Ludovicus","email":"","middleInitial":"P. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jellinek, A. Mark","contributorId":54364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jellinek","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70003768,"text":"70003768 - 2011 - Increasing accuracy of dispersal kernels in grid-based population models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T21:23:48.250503","indexId":"70003768","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing accuracy of dispersal kernels in grid-based population models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dispersal kernels in grid-based population models specify the proportion, distance and direction of movements within the model landscape. Spatial errors in dispersal kernels can have large compounding effects on model accuracy. Circular Gaussian and Laplacian dispersal kernels at a range of spatial resolutions were investigated, and methods for minimizing errors caused by the discretizing process were explored. Kernels of progressively smaller sizes relative to the landscape grid size were calculated using cell-integration and cell-center methods. These kernels were convolved repeatedly, and the final distribution was compared with a reference analytical solution. For large Gaussian kernels (</span><i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10 cells), the total kernel error was &lt;10</span><sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;compared to analytical results. Using an invasion model that tracked the time a population took to reach a defined goal, the discrete model results were comparable to the analytical reference. With Gaussian kernels that had&nbsp;</span><i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≤</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.12 using the cell integration method, or&nbsp;</span><i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≤</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.22 using the cell center method, the kernel error was greater than 10%, which resulted in invasion times that were orders of magnitude different than theoretical results. A goal-seeking routine was developed to adjust the kernels to minimize overall error. With this, corrections for small kernels were found that decreased overall kernel error to &lt;10</span><sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;and invasion time error to &lt;5%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.11.023","usgsCitation":"Slone, D., 2011, Increasing accuracy of dispersal kernels in grid-based population models: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 3, p. 573-579, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.11.023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"579","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68311f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005293,"text":"ofr20111054 - 2011 - Lagrangian sampling of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Boulder Creek, Colorado, and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2005— Hydrological and water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T18:39:12.693491","indexId":"ofr20111054","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1054","title":"Lagrangian sampling of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Boulder Creek, Colorado, and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2005— Hydrological and water-quality data","docAbstract":"This report presents methods and data for a Lagrangian sampling investigation into chemical loading and in-stream attenuation of inorganic and organic contaminants in two wastewater treatment-plant effluent-dominated streams: Boulder Creek, Colorado, and Fourmile Creek, Iowa. Water-quality sampling was timed to coincide with low-flow conditions when dilution of the wastewater treatment-plant effluent by stream water was at a minimum. Sample-collection times corresponded to estimated travel times (based on tracer tests) to allow the same \"parcel\" of water to reach downstream sampling locations. The water-quality data are linked directly to stream discharge using flow- and depth-integrated composite sampling protocols. A range of chemical analyses was made for nutrients, carbon, major elements, trace elements, biological components, acidic and neutral organic wastewater compounds, antibiotic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, steroid and steroidal-hormone compounds, and pesticide compounds. Physical measurements were made for field conditions, stream discharge, and time-of-travel studies. Two Lagrangian water samplings were conducted in each stream, one in the summer of 2003 and the other in the spring of 2005. Water samples were collected from five sites in Boulder Creek: upstream from the wastewater treatment plant, the treatment-plant effluent, and three downstream sites. Fourmile Creek had seven sampling sites: upstream from the wastewater treatment plant, the treatment-plant effluent, four downstream sites, and a tributary. At each site, stream discharge was measured, and equal width-integrated composite water samples were collected and split for subsequent chemical, physical, and biological analyses. During the summer of 2003 sampling, Boulder Creek downstream from the wastewater treatment plant consisted of 36 percent effluent, and Fourmile Creek downstream from the respective wastewater treatment plant was 81 percent effluent. During the spring of 2005 samplings, Boulder Creek downstream from the wastewater treatment plant was 40 percent effluent, and Fourmile Creek downstream from that wastewater treatment plant was 28 percent effluent. At each site, 300 individual constituents were determined to characterize the water. Most of the inorganic constituents were detected in all of the stream and treatment-plant effluent samples, whereas detection of synthetic organic compounds was more limited and contaminants typically occurred only in wastewater treatment-plant effluents and at downstream sites. Concentrations ranged from nanograms per liter to milligrams per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111054","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Keefe, S.H., Kolpin, D.W., Schnoebelen, D.J., Flynn, J.L., Brown, G., Furlong, E.T., Glassmeyer, S., Gray, J.L., Meyer, M.T., Sandstrom, M.W., Taylor, H.E., and Zaugg, S.D., 2011, Lagrangian sampling of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Boulder Creek, Colorado, and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2005— Hydrological and water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1054, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111054.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389560,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95556.htm"},{"id":125976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1054.png"},{"id":91862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek, Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.625,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.625,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.625,\n              41.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.191667,\n              40.09166\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.075,\n              40.09166\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.075,\n              40.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.191667,\n              40.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.191667,\n              40.09166\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Gregory K.","contributorId":8984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gregory K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":72924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70005281,"text":"70005281 - 2011 - Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T18:19:45.259003","indexId":"70005281","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests","docAbstract":"<p><span>A formal framework for the adaptive management of waterfowl harvests was adopted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1995. The process admits competing models of waterfowl population dynamics and harvest impacts, and relies on model averaging to compute optimal strategies for regulating harvest. Model weights, reflecting the relative ability of the alternative models to predict changes in population size, are used in the model averaging and are updated each year based on a comparison of model predictions and observations of population size. Since its inception the adaptive harvest program has focused principally on mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>), which constitute a large portion of the U.S. waterfowl harvest. Four competing models, derived from a combination of two survival and two reproductive hypotheses, were originally assigned equal weights. In the last year of available information (2007), model weights favored the weakly density-dependent reproductive hypothesis over the strongly density-dependent one, and the additive mortality hypothesis over the compensatory one. The change in model weights led to a more conservative harvesting policy than what was in effect in the early years of the program. Adaptive harvest management has been successful in many ways, but nonetheless has exposed the difficulties in defining management objectives, in predicting and regulating harvests, and in coping with the tradeoffs inherent in managing multiple waterfowl stocks exposed to a common harvest. The key challenge now facing managers is whether adaptive harvest management as an institution can be sufficiently adaptive, and whether the knowledge and experience gained from the process can be reflected in higher-level policy decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.064","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., 2011, Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1385-1394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.064.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1385","endPage":"1394","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70212814,"text":"70212814 - 2011 - Investigation of preparation techniques for δ2H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:02:42.226889","indexId":"70212814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-28T09:26:21","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of preparation techniques for δ2H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Accurate hydrogen isotopic measurements of keratin materials have been a challenge due to exchangeable hydrogen in the sample matrix and the paucity of appropriate isotopic reference materials for calibration. We found that the most reproducible<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H<sub>VSMOW‐SLAP</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and mole fraction of exchangeable hydrogen,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>x</i>(H)<sub>ex</sub>, of keratin materials were measured with equilibration at ambient temperature using two desiccators and two different equilibration waters with two sets of the keratin materials for 6 days. Following equilibration, drying the keratin materials in a vacuum oven for 4 days at 60 °C was most critical. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H analysis protocol also includes interspersing isotopic reference waters in silver tubes among samples in the carousel of a thermal conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) reduction unit. Using this analytical protocol,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H<sub>VSMOW‐SLAP</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of the non‐exchangeable fractions of USGS42 and USGS43 human‐hair isotopic reference materials were determined to be –78.5 ± 2.3 ‰ and –50.3 ± 2.8 ‰, respectively. The measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>x</i>(H)<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of keratin materials analyzed with steam equilibration and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>drying were substantially higher than those previously published, and dry N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>purging was unable to remove absorbed moisture completely, even with overnight purging. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H values of keratin materials measured with steam equilibration were about 10 ‰ lower than values determined with equilibration in desiccators at ambient temperatures when on‐line evacuation was used to dry samples. With steam equilibrations the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>x</i>(H)<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of commercial keratin powder was as high as 28 %. Using human‐hair isotopic reference materials to calibrate other keratin materials, such as hoof or horn, can introduce bias in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H measurements because the amount of absorbed water and the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>x</i>(H)<sub>ex</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values may differ from those of unknown samples. Correct<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup>H<sub>VSMOW‐SLAP</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of the non‐exchangeable fractions of unknown human‐hair samples can be determined with atmospheric moisture equilibration by normalizing with USGS42 and USGS43 human‐hair reference materials when all materials have the same powder size.&nbsp;</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.5095","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., and Coplen, T.B., 2011, Investigation of preparation techniques for δ2H analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 25, no. 15, p. 2209-2222, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5095.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2209","endPage":"2222","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005292,"text":"ofr20111192 - 2011 - Constraints to connecting children with nature--Survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees sponsored by the National Conservation Training Center, Division of Education Outreach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"ofr20111192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1192","title":"Constraints to connecting children with nature--Survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees sponsored by the National Conservation Training Center, Division of Education Outreach","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) names \"connecting people with nature\" as one of its top six priorities in the online Service Employee Pocket Guide. The National Conservation Training Center (NCTC) took the initiative to identify issues that impede greater progress in addressing constraints to connecting children with nature. The Division of Education Outreach at NCTC formed a working relation with the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance branch of the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a study on these issues. To meet the objectives of the study, a survey of a sample of FWS employees was conducted. This report includes the description of how the survey was developed and administered, how the data were analyzed, and a discussion of the survey results. The survey was developed based on published literature and incorporated input from two working groups of professionals focused on the issue of connecting children with nature. Although the objective as stated by the FWS is to connect people with nature, the survey primarily focused on connecting children, rather than all people, with nature. The four primary concepts included on the survey were interpretation of how the FWS defined \"connection\" as part of its mission, perceived success with outreach, constraints to connecting children with nature, and importance of connecting children with nature. The survey was conducted online using KeySurvey&copy; software. The survey was sent to 604 FWS employees. Responses were received from 320 employees. The respondents represented diversity in regions, tenure, wage/grade level, job series, supervisory status, and involvement with education and outreach activities. The key findings of the survey are as follows: * FWS employees believe they as individuals and the agency are successful now and will be more successful in the future in connecting children with nature. * FWS employees believe that there are many outcomes that are relevant to the FWS objective to connect people with the environment. * FWS employees believe that connecting children with nature is important. * Constraints to connecting children with nature exist but are not perceived by respondents to be severe. * The constraints of greatest concern are practical issues, competition from technology, funding issues and staffing issues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111192","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., and Schuster, R., 2011, Constraints to connecting children with nature--Survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employees sponsored by the National Conservation Training Center, Division of Education Outreach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1192, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111192.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1192.gif"},{"id":91853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005288,"text":"fs20113101 - 2011 - Trace metals related to historical iron smelting at Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Berks and Chester Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"fs20113101","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3101","title":"Trace metals related to historical iron smelting at Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Berks and Chester Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Iron ore containing elevated concentrations of trace metals was smelted at Hopewell Furnace during its 113 years of operation (1771-1883). The ore used at Hopewell Furnace was obtained from iron mines within 5 miles of the furnace. The iron-ore deposits were formed about 200 million years ago and contain abundant magnetite, the primary iron mineral, and accessory minerals enriched in arsenic, cobalt, copper, lead, and other metals. Hopewell Furnace, built by Mark Bird during 1770-71, was one of the last of the charcoal-burning, cold-blast iron furnaces operated in Pennsylvania. The most productive years for Hopewell Furnace were from 1830 to 1837. Castings were the most profitable product, especially the popular Hopewell Stove. More than 80,000 stoves were cast at Hopewell, which produced as many as 23 types and sizes of cooking and heating stoves. Beginning in the 1840s, the iron industry shifted to large-scale, steam-driven coke and anthracite furnaces. Independent rural enterprises like Hopewell could no longer compete when the iron and steel industries consolidated in urban manufacturing centers. The furnace ceased operation in 1883 (Kurjack, 1954). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Park Service, completed a study at Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site (NHS) in Berks and Chester Counties, Pennsylvania, to determine the fate of toxic trace metals, such as arsenic, cobalt, and lead, released into the environment during historical iron-smelting operations. The results of the study, conducted during 2008-10, are presented in this fact sheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2011, Trace metals related to historical iron smelting at Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Berks and Chester Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3101, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113101.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3101.png"},{"id":91850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Berks;Chester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.76805555555555,40.183611111111105 ], [ -75.76805555555555,40.20111111111111 ], [ -75.75083333333333,40.20111111111111 ], [ -75.75083333333333,40.183611111111105 ], [ -75.76805555555555,40.183611111111105 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005290,"text":"fs20113086 - 2011 - Water Resources of Caddo Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"fs20113086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3086","title":"Water Resources of Caddo Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 72.9 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, including about 7.70 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 65.2 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Public-supply use accounted for about 71 percent, and power generation accounted for about 19 percent of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included general irrigation, rural domestic, aquaculture, livestock, and industrial. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicate water withdrawals in the parish peaked in 1965 and generally decreased afterwards, primarily because of reduced surface-water withdrawals for power generation. From 1965 to 2005, surface-water withdrawals for power generation declined from 419 to 14.2 Mgal/d. This fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of Caddo Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the references section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113086","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Griffith, J.M., 2011, Water Resources of Caddo Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3086, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113086.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3086.gif"},{"id":91852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Caddo Parish","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005289,"text":"ofr20111148 - 2011 - A critical review of published coal quality data from the southwestern part of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:32:00","indexId":"ofr20111148","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1148","title":"A critical review of published coal quality data from the southwestern part of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A review of publicly available coal quality data during the coal resource assessment of the southwestern part of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming (SWPRB), revealed significant problems and limitations with those data. Subsequent citations of data from original sources often omitted important information, such as moisture integrity and information needed to evaluate the issue of representativeness. Occasionally, only selected data were quoted, and some data were misquoted. Therefore, it was important to try to resolve issues concerning both the accuracy and representativeness of each available dataset. The review processes demonstrated why it is always preferable to research and evaluate the circumstances regarding the sampling and analytical methodology from the original data sources when evaluating coal quality information, particularly if only limited data are available. Use of the available published data at face value would have significantly overestimated the coal quality for all the coal fields from both the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the SWPRB assessment area. However, by using the sampling and analytical information from the original reports, it was possible to make reasonable adjustments to reported data to derive more realistic estimates of coal quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111148","usgsCitation":"Luppens, J.A., 2011, A critical review of published coal quality data from the southwestern part of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1148, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111148.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1148.gif"},{"id":356993,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1148/pdf/ofr20111148_072111.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1148/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.16666666666667,42.5 ], [ -108.16666666666667,46.75 ], [ -104,46.75 ], [ -104,42.5 ], [ -108.16666666666667,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70204950,"text":"70204950 - 2011 - The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T11:59:22","indexId":"70204950","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-26T11:52:30","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation and processes of erosion and deposition are interactive. An objective of this paper is to review selected studies that emphasize the interdependencies. The reviews suggest new directions for research uniting ecology and geomorphology – the sub‐discipline of biogeomorphology. The research, which recently has become vigorous, includes the sources, movement, and fates of fluvial loads of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients, contaminants, and woody debris to low‐energy storage sites; the function of biota in causing soil evolution, stability, and sequestration of carbon; the development of new methods to characterize watersheds based on edaphic conditions; and the refinement of current empirical and conceptual models and dendrochronological techniques to measure landscape change. These well acknowledged topics and others less well anticipated ensure that biogeomorphology will remain vibrant.</span></p>","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.2173","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W., Hupp, C.R., and Stoffel, M., 2011, The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, no. 37, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2173.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3409631","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, Waite wroster@usgs.gov","contributorId":2515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"Waite","email":"wroster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":769229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoffel, M.","contributorId":202959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoffel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36561,"text":"Climatic Change and Climate Impacts, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156779,"text":"70156779 - 2011 - Estimating seismic site response in Christchurch City (New Zealand) from dense low-cost aftershock arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:08:50.969792","indexId":"70156779","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating seismic site response in Christchurch City (New Zealand) from dense low-cost aftershock arrays","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mw 7.1 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, New Zealand, produced widespread damage and liquefaction ~40 km from the epicentre in Christchurch city. It was followed by the even more destructive Mw 6.2 February 2011 Christchurch aftershock directly beneath the city&rsquo;s southern suburbs. Seismic data recorded during the two large events suggest that site effects contributed to the variations in ground motion observed throughout Christchurch city. We use densely-spaced aftershock recordings of the Darfield earthquake to investigate variations in local seismic site response within the Christchurch urban area. Following the Darfield main shock we deployed a temporary array of ~180 low-cost 14-bit MEMS accelerometers linked to the global Quake-Catcher Network (QCN). These instruments provided dense station coverage (spacing ~2 km) to complement existing New Zealand national network strong motion stations (GeoNet) within Christchurch city. Well-constrained standard spectral ratios were derived for GeoNet stations using a reference station on Miocene basalt rock in the south of the city. For noisier QCN stations, the method was adapted to find a maximum likelihood estimate of spectral ratio amplitude taking into account the variance of noise at the respective stations. Spectral ratios for QCN stations are similar to nearby GeoNet stations when the maximum likelihood method is used. Our study suggests dense low-cost accelerometer aftershock arrays can provide useful information on local-scale ground motion properties for use in microzonation. Preliminary results indicate higher amplifications north of the city centre and strong high-frequency amplification in the small, shallower basin of Heathcote Valley.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"4th International IASPEI/IAEE symposium on the effects of surface geology on seismic motion","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"4th International IASPEI/IAEE Symposium on the Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion","conferenceDate":"August 23-26 2011","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, California","language":"English","publisher":"Incoporated Research Institute for Seismology","usgsCitation":"Kaiser, A.E., Benites, R.A., Chung, A., Haines, A.J., Cochran, E.S., and Fry, B., 2011, Estimating seismic site response in Christchurch City (New Zealand) from dense low-cost aftershock arrays, <i>in</i> 4th International IASPEI/IAEE symposium on the effects of surface geology on seismic motion, Santa Barbara, California, August 23-26 2011, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032224","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              172.001953125,\n              -44.087585028245165\n            ],\n            [\n              173.7158203125,\n              -44.087585028245165\n            ],\n            [\n              173.7158203125,\n              -43.13306116240613\n            ],\n            [\n              172.001953125,\n              -43.13306116240613\n            ],\n            [\n              172.001953125,\n              -44.087585028245165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b7e4b0f42e3d040e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaiser, Anna E.","contributorId":141200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benites, Rafael A.","contributorId":147130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benites","given":"Rafael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chung, Angela","contributorId":141196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chung","given":"Angela","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, A. John","contributorId":147131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haines","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fry, Bill","contributorId":147132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fry","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005278,"text":"fs20093092 - 2011 - Groundwater recharge in Wisconsin— Annual estimates for 1970–99 using streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T21:35:06.154834","indexId":"fs20093092","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3092","title":"Groundwater recharge in Wisconsin— Annual estimates for 1970–99 using streamflow data","docAbstract":"The groundwater component of streamflow is important because it is indicative of the sustained flow of a stream during dry periods, is often of better quality, and has a smaller range of temperatures, than surface contributions to streamflow. All three of these characteristics are important to the health of aquatic life in a stream. If recharge to the aquifers is to be preserved or enhanced, it is important to understand the present partitioning of total streamflow into base flow and stormflow. Additionally, an estimate of groundwater recharge is important for understanding the flows within a groundwater system-information important for water availability/sustainability or other assessments. The U.S. Geological Survey operates numerous continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations (Hirsch and Norris, 2001), which can be used to provide estimates of average annual base flow. In addition to these continuous record sites, Gebert and others (2007) showed that having a few streamflow measurements in a basin can appreciably reduce the error in a base-flow estimate for that basin. Therefore, in addition to the continuous-record gaging stations, a substantial number of low-flow partial-record sites (6 to 15 discharge measurements) and miscellaneous-measurement sites (1 to 3 discharge measurements) that were operated during 1964-90 throughout the State were included in this work to provide additional insight into spatial distribution of annual base flow and, in turn, groundwater recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093092","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., Walker, J.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2011, Groundwater recharge in Wisconsin— Annual estimates for 1970–99 using streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3092, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093092.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3092.gif"},{"id":91849,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95552.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,42 ], [ -93,47 ], [ -86,47 ], [ -86,42 ], [ -93,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658fe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005275,"text":"sir20115096 - 2011 - Relation of nutrient concentrations, nutrient loading, and algal production to changes in water levels in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115096","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5096","title":"Relation of nutrient concentrations, nutrient loading, and algal production to changes in water levels in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2008-09","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment has led to excessive algal growth in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota. Water- and sediment-quality data were collected during 2008-09 to assess internal and external nutrient loading. Data collection was focused in Kabetogama Lake and its inflows, the area of greatest concern for eutrophication among the lakes of Voyageurs National Park. Nutrient and algal data were used to determine trophic status and were evaluated in relation to changes in Kabetogama Lake water levels following changes to dam operation starting in 2000. Analyses were used to estimate external nutrient loading at inflows and assess the potential contribution of internal phosphorus loading. Kabetogama Lake often was mixed vertically, except for a few occasionally stratified areas, including Lost Bay in the northeastern part of Kabetogama Lake. Stratification, combined with larger bottom-water nutrient concentrations, larger sediment phosphorus concentrations, and estimated phosphorus release rates from sediment cores indicate that Lost Bay may be one of several areas that may be contributing substantially to internal loading. Internal loading is a concern because nutrients may cause excessive algal growth including potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, microcystin, was detected in 7 of 14 cyanobacterial bloom samples, with total concentrations exceeding 1.0 microgram per liter, the World Health Organization's guideline for finished drinking water for the congener, microcystin-LR. Comparisons of the results of this study to previous studies indicate that chlorophyll-a concentrations and trophic state indices have improved since 2000, when the rules governing dam operation changed. However, total-phosphorus concentrations have not changed significantly since 2000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115096","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Maki, R., and Kiesling, R.L., 2011, Relation of nutrient concentrations, nutrient loading, and algal production to changes in water levels in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5096, viii, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115096.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5096.jpg"},{"id":91848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.33333333333333,48.233333333333334 ], [ -93.33333333333333,48.63333333333333 ], [ -92.33333333333333,48.63333333333333 ], [ -92.33333333333333,48.233333333333334 ], [ -93.33333333333333,48.233333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005271,"text":"ofr20111220 - 2011 - Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111220","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1220","title":"Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","docAbstract":"In the spring and summer of 2000, a series of steady discharges of water from Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River were used to evaluate the effects of aquatic habitat stability and water temperatures on native fish growth and survival, with a special focus on the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), downstream from the dam in Grand Canyon. The steady releases were bracketed by peak powerplant releases in late-May and early-September. The duration and volume of releases from the dam varied between spring and summer. The intent of the experimental hydrograph was to mimic predam river discharge patterns by including a high, steady discharge in the spring and a low, steady discharge in the summer. The hydrologic experiment was called the Low Steady Summer Flow (LSSF) experiment because steady discharges of 226 m3/s dominated the hydrograph for 4 months from June through September 2000. The experimental hydrograph was developed in response to one of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Recommended and Prudent Alternatives (RPA) in its Biological Opinion of the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement. The RPA focused on the hypothesis that seasonally adjusted steady flows were dam operations that might benefit humpback chub more than the Record of Decision operations, known as Modified Low Fluctuating Flow (MLFF) operations. Condensed timelines between planning and implementation (2 months) of the experiment and the time required for logistics, purchasing, and contracting resulted in limited data collection during the high-release part of the experiment that occurred in spring. The LSSF experiment is the longest planned hydrograph that departed from the MLFF operations since Record of Decision operations began in 1996. As part of the experiment, several studies focused on the responses of physical properties related to environments that young-of-year (YOY) native fish might occupy (for example, measuring mainstem and shoreline water temperature, and quantifying useable shorelines). The part of the hydrograph that included a habitat maintenance flow (a 4-day spike at a powerplant capacity of 877 m3/s) and sustained high releases in April and May (averaging 509 m3/s) resulted in sediment export to Lake Mead, the reservoir downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, which is outside the study area. Some mid-elevation sandbar building (between 566 and 877 m3/s stage elevations) occurred from existing sediment deposits rather than from sediment inputs from tributaries during the previous winter. Low releases in the summer combined with low tributary sediment inputs resulted in minor sediment accumulation in the study area. The September habitat maintenance flow reworked accumulated sediment and resulted in increases in the area of some backwaters. The mainstem water temperatures in the reach near the Little Colorado River during the LSSF experiment varied little from previous years. Mainstem water temperatures in western Grand Canyon average 17 to 20 degrees C. During the LSSF, backwaters warmed more than other shoreline environments during the day, but most backwaters returned to mainstem water temperatures overnight. Shoreline surface water temperatures from river mile (RM) 30 to 72 varied between 9 and 28 degrees C in the middle of the day in July. These temperatures are within the optimal temperature range for humpback chub growth and spawning, which is between 15 and 24 degrees C. How surface water temperatures transfer to subsurface water temperatures is unknown. Data collection associated with the response of fish to the 2000 LSSF hydrograph focused on fish growth and abundance along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The target resource, humpback chub and other native fishes, did not respond in a strongly positive or strongly negative manner to the LSSF hydrograph during the sampling period, which extended from June to September 2000. In 2000, the mean total length of YOY native fishes was similar to the mean ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111220","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B., 2011, Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1220, iv, 110 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111220.","productDescription":"iv, 110 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1220.gif"},{"id":91842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.58333333333333,35.083333333333336 ], [ -114.58333333333333,37.416666666666664 ], [ -110.83333333333333,37.416666666666664 ], [ -110.83333333333333,35.083333333333336 ], [ -114.58333333333333,35.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005249,"text":"70005249 - 2011 - Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T17:46:10.094467","indexId":"70005249","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aim<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>We examined the influences of regional climate and land‐use variables on mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), blue‐winged teal (<i>Anas discors</i>), ruddy duck (<i>Oxyura jamaicensis</i>) and pied‐billed grebe (<i>Podilymbus podiceps</i>) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States.</p><p><strong>Location<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US‐BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa.</p><p><strong>Methods<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the National Climatic Data Center to model the effects of environmental variables on waterbird abundance. We evaluated land‐use covariates at three logarithmically related spatial scales (1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ha), and constructed hierarchical spatial count models<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;</span>using information from published habitat associations. Model fitting was performed using a hierarchical modelling approach within a Bayesian framework.</p><p><strong>Results<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Models with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset, indicating that the influence of spatial scale was small. Both land‐use and climate variables contributed strongly to predicting waterbird abundance in US‐BCR11. The strongest positive influences on waterbird abundance were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales, herbaceous vegetation and precipitation variables. Other variables that we included in our models did not appear to influence waterbirds in this study.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Understanding the relationships of waterbird abundance to climate and land use may allow us to make predictions of future distribution and abundance as environmental factors change. Additionally, results from this study can suggest locations where conservation and management efforts should be focused.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x","usgsCitation":"Forcey, G.M., Thogmartin, W.E., Linz, G.M., Bleier, W.J., and McKann, P., 2011, Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 9, p. 1694-1707, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1707","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Potholes region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4052734375,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.80126953124999,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.0322265625,\n              42.147114459220994\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22998046875,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              45.3521452458518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.17431640625,\n              47.76886840424207\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.04248046875,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25878906249999,\n              48.96579381461063\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7314453125,\n              47.62097541515849\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.74267578125,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.2705078125,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              47.502358951968574\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.09521484375,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.974609375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.22753906249999,\n              47.81315451752768\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.10693359375,\n              47.12995075666307\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77734374999999,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.3818359375,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.27197265625,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.87646484375,\n              43.8503744993026\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.29443359375,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.80029296875,\n              42.407234661551875\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.05322265625,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcey, Greg M.","contributorId":82835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcey","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linz, George M.","contributorId":32859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleier, William J.","contributorId":66833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKann, Patrick C.","contributorId":14940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKann","given":"Patrick C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005261,"text":"ofr20111144 - 2011 - Assessment of soil-gas, soil, and water contamination at the former hospital landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111144","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1144","title":"Assessment of soil-gas, soil, and water contamination at the former hospital landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Soil gas, soil, and water were assessed for organic and inorganic constituents at the former hospital landfill located in a 75-acre study area near the Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia, from April to September 2010. Passive soil-gas samplers were analyzed to evaluate organic constituents in the hyporheic zone of a creek adjacent to the landfill and soil gas within the estimated boundaries of the former landfill. Soil and water samples were analyzed to evaluate inorganic constituents in soil samples, and organic and inorganic constituents in the surface water of a creek adjacent to the landfill, respectively. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental constituent data to Fort Gordon pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. Results from the hyporheic-zone assessment in the unnamed tributary adjacent to the study area indicated that total petroleum hydrocarbons and octane were the most frequently detected organic compounds in groundwater beneath the creek bed. The highest concentrations for these compounds were detected in the upstream samplers of the hyporheic-zone study area. The effort to delineate landfill activity in the study area focused on the western 14 acres of the 75-acre study area where the hyporheic-zone study identified the highest concentrations of organic compounds. This also is the part of the study area where a debris field also was identified in the southern part of the 14 acres. The southern part of this 14-acre study area, including the debris field, is steeper and not as heavily wooded, compared to the central and northern parts. Fifty-two soil-gas samplers were used for the July 2010 soil-gas survey in the 14-acre study area and mostly detected total petroleum hydrocarbons, and gasoline and diesel compounds. The highest soil-gas masses for total petroleum hydrocarbons, diesel compounds, and the only valid detection of perchloroethene were in the southern part of the study area to the west of the debris field. However, all other detections of total petroleum hydrocarbons greater than 10 micrograms and diesel greater than 0.04 micrograms, and all detections of the combined mass of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were found down slope from the debris field in the central and northern parts of the study area. Five soil-gas samplers were deployed and recovered from September 16 to 22, 2010, and were analyzed for organic compounds classified as chemical agents or explosives. Chloroacetophenones (a tear gas component) were the only compounds detected above a method detection level and were detected at the same location as the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons and diesel detections in the southern part of the 14-acre study area. Composite soil samples collected at five locations were analyzed for 35 inorganic constituents. None of the inorganic constituents exceeded the regional screening levels. One surface-water sample collected in the western end of the hyporheic-zone study area had a trichlorofluoromethane concentration above the laboratory reporting level and estimated concentrations of chloroform, fluoranthene, and isophorone below laboratory reporting levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Falls, F.W., Caldwell, A.W., Guimaraes, W.B., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2011, Assessment of soil-gas, soil, and water contamination at the former hospital landfill, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1144, v, 16 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111144.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1144.gif"},{"id":91840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers equal-area conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.13388888888889,33.418055555555554 ], [ -82.13388888888889,33.433611111111105 ], [ -82.11749999999999,33.433611111111105 ], [ -82.11749999999999,33.418055555555554 ], [ -82.13388888888889,33.418055555555554 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, Fred W.","contributorId":97234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}