{"pageNumber":"1744","pageRowStart":"43575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184652,"records":[{"id":70005271,"text":"ofr20111220 - 2011 - Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111220","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1220","title":"Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona","docAbstract":"In the spring and summer of 2000, a series of steady discharges of water from Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River were used to evaluate the effects of aquatic habitat stability and water temperatures on native fish growth and survival, with a special focus on the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), downstream from the dam in Grand Canyon. The steady releases were bracketed by peak powerplant releases in late-May and early-September. The duration and volume of releases from the dam varied between spring and summer. The intent of the experimental hydrograph was to mimic predam river discharge patterns by including a high, steady discharge in the spring and a low, steady discharge in the summer. The hydrologic experiment was called the Low Steady Summer Flow (LSSF) experiment because steady discharges of 226 m3/s dominated the hydrograph for 4 months from June through September 2000. The experimental hydrograph was developed in response to one of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Recommended and Prudent Alternatives (RPA) in its Biological Opinion of the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement. The RPA focused on the hypothesis that seasonally adjusted steady flows were dam operations that might benefit humpback chub more than the Record of Decision operations, known as Modified Low Fluctuating Flow (MLFF) operations. Condensed timelines between planning and implementation (2 months) of the experiment and the time required for logistics, purchasing, and contracting resulted in limited data collection during the high-release part of the experiment that occurred in spring. The LSSF experiment is the longest planned hydrograph that departed from the MLFF operations since Record of Decision operations began in 1996. As part of the experiment, several studies focused on the responses of physical properties related to environments that young-of-year (YOY) native fish might occupy (for example, measuring mainstem and shoreline water temperature, and quantifying useable shorelines). The part of the hydrograph that included a habitat maintenance flow (a 4-day spike at a powerplant capacity of 877 m3/s) and sustained high releases in April and May (averaging 509 m3/s) resulted in sediment export to Lake Mead, the reservoir downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, which is outside the study area. Some mid-elevation sandbar building (between 566 and 877 m3/s stage elevations) occurred from existing sediment deposits rather than from sediment inputs from tributaries during the previous winter. Low releases in the summer combined with low tributary sediment inputs resulted in minor sediment accumulation in the study area. The September habitat maintenance flow reworked accumulated sediment and resulted in increases in the area of some backwaters. The mainstem water temperatures in the reach near the Little Colorado River during the LSSF experiment varied little from previous years. Mainstem water temperatures in western Grand Canyon average 17 to 20 degrees C. During the LSSF, backwaters warmed more than other shoreline environments during the day, but most backwaters returned to mainstem water temperatures overnight. Shoreline surface water temperatures from river mile (RM) 30 to 72 varied between 9 and 28 degrees C in the middle of the day in July. These temperatures are within the optimal temperature range for humpback chub growth and spawning, which is between 15 and 24 degrees C. How surface water temperatures transfer to subsurface water temperatures is unknown. Data collection associated with the response of fish to the 2000 LSSF hydrograph focused on fish growth and abundance along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The target resource, humpback chub and other native fishes, did not respond in a strongly positive or strongly negative manner to the LSSF hydrograph during the sampling period, which extended from June to September 2000. In 2000, the mean total length of YOY native fishes was similar to the mean ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111220","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B., 2011, Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1220, iv, 110 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111220.","productDescription":"iv, 110 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1220.gif"},{"id":91842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.58333333333333,35.083333333333336 ], [ -114.58333333333333,37.416666666666664 ], [ -110.83333333333333,37.416666666666664 ], [ -110.83333333333333,35.083333333333336 ], [ -114.58333333333333,35.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005249,"text":"70005249 - 2011 - Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T17:46:10.094467","indexId":"70005249","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aim<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>We examined the influences of regional climate and land‐use variables on mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), blue‐winged teal (<i>Anas discors</i>), ruddy duck (<i>Oxyura jamaicensis</i>) and pied‐billed grebe (<i>Podilymbus podiceps</i>) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States.</p><p><strong>Location<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US‐BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa.</p><p><strong>Methods<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the National Climatic Data Center to model the effects of environmental variables on waterbird abundance. We evaluated land‐use covariates at three logarithmically related spatial scales (1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ha), and constructed hierarchical spatial count models<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;</span>using information from published habitat associations. Model fitting was performed using a hierarchical modelling approach within a Bayesian framework.</p><p><strong>Results<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Models with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset, indicating that the influence of spatial scale was small. Both land‐use and climate variables contributed strongly to predicting waterbird abundance in US‐BCR11. The strongest positive influences on waterbird abundance were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales, herbaceous vegetation and precipitation variables. Other variables that we included in our models did not appear to influence waterbirds in this study.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Understanding the relationships of waterbird abundance to climate and land use may allow us to make predictions of future distribution and abundance as environmental factors change. Additionally, results from this study can suggest locations where conservation and management efforts should be focused.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x","usgsCitation":"Forcey, G.M., Thogmartin, W.E., Linz, G.M., Bleier, W.J., and McKann, P., 2011, Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 9, p. 1694-1707, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1707","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Potholes region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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M.","contributorId":82835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcey","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linz, George M.","contributorId":32859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleier, William J.","contributorId":66833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKann, Patrick C.","contributorId":14940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKann","given":"Patrick C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005264,"text":"ofr20111214 - 2011 - Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Wallow burn area, eastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111214","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1214","title":"Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Wallow burn area, eastern Arizona","docAbstract":"This report presents a preliminary emergency assessment of the debris-flow hazards from drainage basins burned in 2011 by the Wallow wildfire in eastern Arizona. Empirical models derived from statistical evaluation of data collected from recently burned drainage basins throughout the intermountain western United States were used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and debris-flow volumes for selected drainage basins. Input for the models include measures of burn severity, topographic characteristics, soil properties, and rainfall total and intensity for a (1) 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall and (2) 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. Estimated debris-flow probabilities in the drainage basins of interest ranged from less than 1 percent in response to both the 10-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall and the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall to a high of 41 percent in response to the 25-year-recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. The low probabilities in all modeled drainage basins are likely due to extensive low-gradient hillslopes, burned at low severities, and large drainage-basin areas (greater than 25 square kilometers). Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from a low of 24 cubic meters to a high of greater than 100,000 cubic meters, indicating a considerable hazard should debris flows occur","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111214","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2011, Probability and volume of potential postwildfire debris flows in the 2011 Wallow burn area, eastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1214, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111214.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1214.gif"},{"id":91838,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.58333333333333,33.5 ], [ -109.58333333333333,34.166666666666664 ], [ -109,34.166666666666664 ], [ -109,33.5 ], [ -109.58333333333333,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005258,"text":"70005258 - 2011 - A taping method for external transmitter attachment on aquatic snakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T13:33:40","indexId":"70005258","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A taping method for external transmitter attachment on aquatic snakes","docAbstract":"<p>Radio telemetry is extremely useful for studying habitat use and movements of free ranging snakes. Surgically implanting radio transmitters into the body cavity of snakes is standard practice in most studies (e.g., Reinert and Cundall 1982; Weatherhead and Blouin-Demers 2004), but this implanting method has its drawbacks. Surgery itself is risky for individual snakes because of the potential for infection or incomplete healing of the incision site. Also, transmitters that are small enough to be carried by small or slender snakes have a relatively short battery life and need to be removed or replaced often, thus requiring frequent surgeries. In rare or endangered snake species, the risk of using invasive implantation surgery may not be merited. External attachment methods are relatively non-invasive and allow removal and replacement of radio transmitters on smaller snakes. The Giant Gartersnake (<i>Thamnophis gigas</i>) is a semi-aquatic snake endemic to wetlands of the Central Valley of California, USA, and is federally and state listed as threatened (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1999). Telemetry studies of the habitat use and movements of this species typically used surgically implanted radio transmitters, but this method is limited to larger snakes, primarily females, because of size requirements for surgery (&gt; 250 g). To overcome difficulties and biases associated with radio telemetry of<i> T. gigas</i>, we developed and evaluated several alternative techniques to attach external radio transmitters using tape.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Wylie, G., Smith, J., Amarello, M., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, A taping method for external transmitter attachment on aquatic snakes: Herpetological Review, v. 42, no. 2, p. 187-191.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amarello, M.","contributorId":8215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amarello","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005072,"text":"70005072 - 2011 - Detection biases yield misleading patterns of species persistence and colonization in fragmented landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"70005072","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection biases yield misleading patterns of species persistence and colonization in fragmented landscapes","docAbstract":"Species occurrence patterns, and related processes of persistence, colonization and turnover, are increasingly being used to infer habitat suitability, predict species distributions, and measure biodiversity potential. The majority of these studies do not account for observational error in their analyses despite growing evidence suggesting that the sampling process can significantly influence species detection and subsequently, estimates of occurrence. We examined the potential biases of species occurrence patterns that can result from differences in detectability across species and habitat types using hierarchical multispecies occupancy models applied to a tropical bird community in an agricultural fragmented landscape. Our results suggest that detection varies widely among species and habitat types. Not incorporating detectability severely biased occupancy dynamics for many species by overestimating turnover rates, producing misleading patterns of persistence and colonization of agricultural habitats, and misclassifying species into ecological categories (i.e., forest specialists and generalists). This is of serious concern, given that most research on the ability of agricultural lands to maintain current levels of biodiversity by and large does not correct for differences in detectability. We strongly urge researchers to apply an inferential framework which explicitly account for differences in detectability to fully characterize species-habitat relationships, correctly guide biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes, and generate more accurate predictions of species responses to future changes in environmental conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES10-00207.1","usgsCitation":"Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., and Zipkin, E., 2011, Detection biases yield misleading patterns of species persistence and colonization in fragmented landscapes: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00207.1.","productDescription":"14 p.; Article 61","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474929,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es10-00207.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24531,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00207.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Costa Rica","otherGeospatial":"Las Cruces Biological Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.5,8 ], [ -86.5,11.25 ], [ -82.33333333333333,11.25 ], [ -82.33333333333333,8 ], [ -86.5,8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana","contributorId":89654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz-Gutierrez","given":"Viviana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005268,"text":"ofr20111159 - 2011 - Spring runoff water-chemistry data from the Standard Mine and Elk Creek, Gunnison County, Colorado, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:10:36","indexId":"ofr20111159","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1159","title":"Spring runoff water-chemistry data from the Standard Mine and Elk Creek, Gunnison County, Colorado, 2010","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected approximately every two weeks during the spring of 2010 from the Level 1 portal of the Standard Mine and from two locations on Elk Creek. The objective of the sampling was to: (1) better define the expected range and timing of variations in pH and metal concentrations in Level 1 discharge and Elk Creek during spring runoff; and (2) further evaluate possible mechanisms controlling water quality during spring runoff. Samples were analyzed for major ions, selected trace elements, and stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (oxygen-18 and deuterium). The Level 1 portal sample and one of the Elk Creek samples (EC-CELK1) were collected from the same locations as samples taken in the spring of 2007, allowing comparison between the two different years. Available meteorological and hydrologic data suggest that 2010 was an average water year and 2007 was below average.  Field pH and dissolved metal concentrations in Level 1 discharge had the following ranges: pH, 2.90 to 6.23; zinc, 11.2 to 26.5 mg/L; cadmium, 0.084 to 0.158 mg/L; manganese, 3.23 to 10.2 mg/L; lead, 0.0794 to 1.71 mg/L; and copper, 0.0674 to 1.14 mg/L. These ranges were generally similar to those observed in 2007. Metal concentrations near the mouth of Elk Creek (EC-CELK1) were substantially lower than in 2007. Possible explanations include remedial efforts at the Standard Mine site implemented after 2007 and greater dilution due to higher Elk Creek flows in 2010. Temporal patterns in pH and metal concentrations in Level 1 discharge were similar to those observed in 2007, with pH, zinc, cadmium, and manganese concentrations generally decreasing, and lead and copper generally increasing during the snowmelt runoff period. Zinc and cadmium concentrations were inversely correlated with flow and thus apparently dilution-controlled. Lead and copper concentrations were inversely correlated with pH and thus apparently pH-controlled. Zinc, cadmium, and manganese concentrations near the mouth of Elk Creek did not display the pronounced increase observed during high flow in 2007, again perhaps due to remedial activities at the mine site or greater dilution in 2010.  Zinc and cadmium loads near the mouth of Elk Creek were generally greater than those at the Level 1 portal for the six sample days in 2010. Whereas metal loads in September 2007 suggested that Level 1 portal discharge was the primary source of metals to the creek, metal loads computed for this study suggest that this may not have been the case in the spring of 2010. d18O values are well correlated with flow, becoming lighter (more negative) during snowmelt in both Level 1 discharge and Elk Creek. Seasonal variations in the chemistry of Level 1 discharge, along with portal flow tracking very closely with creek flow, are consistent with geochemical and environmental tracer data from 2007 that indicate short residence times (<1 year) for groundwater discharging from the Standard Mine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Verplanck, P.L., Mast, M.A., Marsik, J., and McCleskey, R.B., 2011, Spring runoff water-chemistry data from the Standard Mine and Elk Creek, Gunnison County, Colorado, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1159, iv, 20 p.; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111159.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.; Tables Download","temporalStart":"2010-03-28","temporalEnd":"2010-06-21","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1159.gif"},{"id":91839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison","otherGeospatial":"Standard Mine;Elk Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.08416666666666,38.85 ], [ -107.08416666666666,38.9 ], [ -107.03333333333333,38.9 ], [ -107.03333333333333,38.85 ], [ -107.08416666666666,38.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e487ee4b07f02db514c65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsik, Joseph","contributorId":37599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsik","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70004548,"text":"70004548 - 2011 - Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T16:14:01.037952","indexId":"70004548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uncertainty in parameter estimates from sampling variation or expert judgment can introduce substantial uncertainty into ecological predictions based on those estimates. However, in standard population viability analyses, one of the most widely used tools for managing plant, fish and wildlife populations, parametric uncertainty is often ignored in or discarded from model projections. We present a method for explicitly incorporating this source of uncertainty into population models to fully account for risk in management and decision contexts. Our method involves a two-step simulation process where parametric uncertainty is incorporated into the replication loop of the model and temporal variance is incorporated into the loop for time steps in the model. Using the piping plover, a federally threatened shorebird in the USA and Canada, as an example, we compare abundance projections and extinction probabilities from simulations that exclude and include parametric uncertainty. Although final abundance was very low for all sets of simulations, estimated extinction risk was much greater for the simulation that incorporated parametric uncertainty in the replication loop. Decisions about species conservation (e.g., listing, delisting, and jeopardy) might differ greatly depending on the treatment of parametric uncertainty in population models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.005","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Runge, M.C., and Larson, M.A., 2011, Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 5, p. 1400-1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1400","endPage":"1408","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f25cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Michael A.","contributorId":15752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157558,"text":"70157558 - 2011 - Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-30T11:53:13","indexId":"70157558","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling","docAbstract":"<p>Digital hydrologic networks depicting surface-water pathways and their associated drainage catchments provide a key component to hydrologic analysis and modeling. Collectively, they form common spatial units that can be used to frame the descriptions of aquatic and watershed processes. In addition, they provide the ability to simulate and route the movement of water and associated constituents throughout the landscape. Digital hydrologic networks have evolved from derivatives of mapping products to detailed, interconnected, spatially referenced networks of water pathways, drainage areas, and stream and watershed characteristics. These properties are important because they enhance the ability to spatially evaluate factors that affect the sources and transport of water-quality constituents at various scales. SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW), a process-based &frasl; statistical model, relies on a digital hydrologic network in order to establish relations between quantities of monitored contaminant flux, contaminant sources, and the associated physical characteristics affecting contaminant transport. Digital hydrologic networks modified from the River Reach File (RF1) and National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) geospatial datasets provided frameworks for SPARROW in six regions of the conterminous United States. In addition, characteristics of the modified RF1 were used to update estimates of mean-annual streamflow. This produced more current flow estimates for use in SPARROW modeling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., Wolock, D.M., and Terziotti, S., 2011, Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 916-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"932","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017266","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":309374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07aee4b058f706e542fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005245,"text":"fs20113096 - 2011 - Improving strategies to assess competitive effects of barred owls on northern spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"fs20113096","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3096","title":"Improving strategies to assess competitive effects of barred owls on northern spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"A scientific study has determined that survey methods designed for spotted owls do not always detect barred owls that are actually present in spotted owl habitat. The researchers suggest that strategies to address potential interactions between spotted owls and barred owls will require carefully designed surveys that account for response behaviors and imperfect detection of both species. Species-specific sampling methods, which are proposed, can be used by forest managers to determine the occurrence and distribution of barred owls with high confidence. This fact sheet provides highlights of the research (Wiens and others, 2011).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113096","collaboration":"Research conducted in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Department of Forestry, Oregon State University, and Boise State University","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., and Weekes, A., 2011, Improving strategies to assess competitive effects of barred owls on northern spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3096, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113096.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3096.jpg"},{"id":91779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, J. David","contributorId":9386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weekes, Anne","contributorId":61144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weekes","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005244,"text":"ofr20091210 - 2011 - Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ofr20091210","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1210","title":"Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data","docAbstract":"Average annual recharge in Wisconsin for the period 1970-99 was estimated using streamflow data from U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and partial-record sites. Partial-record sites have discharge measurements collected during low-flow conditions. The average annual base flow of a stream divided by the drainage area is a good approximation of the recharge rate; therefore, once average annual base flow is determined recharge can be calculated. Estimates of recharge for nearly 72 percent of the surface area of the State are provided. The results illustrate substantial spatial variability of recharge across the State, ranging from less than 1 inch to more than 12 inches per year. The average basin size for partial-record sites (50 square miles) was less than the average basin size for the gaging stations (305 square miles). Including results for smaller basins reveals a spatial variability that otherwise would be smoothed out using only estimates for larger basins. An error analysis indicates that the techniques used provide base flow estimates with standard errors ranging from 5.4 to 14 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091210","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., Walker, J.F., and Kennedy, J.L., 2011, Estimating 1970-99 average annual groundwater recharge in Wisconsin using streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1210, iv, 13 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091210.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"1969-10-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1210.gif"},{"id":91778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, James L. lkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"James","email":"lkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005243,"text":"ofr20111188 - 2011 - Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and other natural occurrences of asbestos in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111188","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1188","title":"Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and other natural occurrences of asbestos in California","docAbstract":"The map (Plate.pdf), pamphlet (Pamphlet.pdf), and the accompanying datasets in this report provide information for 290 sites in California where asbestos occurs in natural settings, using descriptions found in the geologic literature. Data on location, mineralogy, geology, and relevant literature for each asbestos site are provided. Using the map and digital data in this report, the user can examine the distribution of previously reported asbestos and their geological characteristics in California. This report is part of an ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map sites where asbestos mineralization occurs in the United States, which includes similar maps and datasets of natural asbestos localities within the Eastern United States (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/), the Central United States (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1211/), the Rocky Mountain States (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1182/), the Southwestern United States (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1095/), and the Northwestern United States (Oregon and Washington) (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1041/). These reports are intended to provide State and local government agencies and other stakeholders with geologic information on reported asbestos mineralization in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey, California Geological Survey Map Sheet 59","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., and Clinkenbeard, J.P., 2011, Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and other natural occurrences of asbestos in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1188, 1 Plate - Plate 1: 36 x 48 inches; Pamphlet: iii, 22 p.; Datasets Directory; References, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111188.","productDescription":"1 Plate - Plate 1: 36 x 48 inches; Pamphlet: iii, 22 p.; Datasets Directory; References","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1188.jpg"},{"id":91776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American 1927","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f5a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clinkenbeard, John P.","contributorId":33036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clinkenbeard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005252,"text":"fs20113092 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Devonian Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian Basin Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"fs20113092","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3092","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Devonian Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian Basin Province","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated a mean undiscovered natural gas resource of 84,198 billion cubic feet and a mean undiscovered natural gas liquids resource of 3,379 million barrels in the Devonian Marcellus Shale within the Appalachian Basin Province.  All this resource occurs in continuous accumulations.\r\n\r\n  In 2011, the USGS completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the Devonian Marcellus Shale within the Appalachian Basin Province of the eastern United States.  The Appalachian Basin Province includes parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.  The assessment of the Marcellus Shale is based on the geologic elements of this formation's total petroleum system (TPS) as recognized in the characteristics of the TPS as a petroleum source rock (source rock richness, thermal maturation, petroleum generation, and migration) as well as a reservoir rock (stratigraphic position and content and petrophysical properties).\r\n\r\n  Together, these components confirm the Marcellus Shale as a continuous petroleum accumulation.  Using the geologic framework, the USGS defined one TPS and three assessment units (AUs) within this TPS and quantitatively estimated the undiscovered oil and gas resources within the three AUs.  For the purposes of this assessment, the Marcellus Shale is considered to be that Middle Devonian interval that consists primarily of shale and lesser amounts of bentonite, limestone, and siltstone occurring between the underlying Middle Devonian Onondaga Limestone (or its stratigraphic equivalents, the Needmore Shale and Huntersville Chert) and the overlying Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation (or its stratigraphic equivalents, the upper Millboro Shale and middle Hamilton Group).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113092","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., Milici, R.C., Cook, T.A., Charpentier, R., Kirshbaum, M., Klett, T., Pollastro, R.M., and Schenk, C.J., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Devonian Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian Basin Province: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3092, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113092.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-23","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3092.gif"},{"id":91780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Kentucky;Maryl;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Tennessee;Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Devonian Marcellus Shale;Appalachian Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,34 ], [ -89,45 ], [ -73,45 ], [ -73,34 ], [ -89,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. Jr. 0000-0002-5232-5849 jlcoleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-5849","contributorId":549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirshbaum, Mark","contributorId":25825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70173749,"text":"70173749 - 2011 - A multi-species framework for landscape conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:14:19","indexId":"70173749","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-species framework for landscape conservation planning","docAbstract":"<p>&ensp;Rapidly changing landscapes have spurred the need for quantitative methods for conservation assessment and planning that encompass large spatial extents. We devised and tested a multispecies framework for conservation planning to complement single-species assessments and ecosystem-level approaches. Our framework consisted of 4 elements: sampling to effectively estimate population parameters, measuring how human activity affects landscapes at multiple scales, analyzing the relation between landscape characteristics and individual species occurrences, and evaluating and comparing the responses of multiple species to landscape modification. We applied the approach to a community of terrestrial birds across 25,000 km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;with a range of intensities of human development. Human modification of land cover, road density, and other elements of the landscape, measured at multiple spatial extents, had large effects on occupancy of the 67 species studied. Forest composition within 1 km of points had a strong effect on occupancy of many species and a range of negative, intermediate, and positive associations. Road density within 1 km of points, percent evergreen forest within 300 m, and distance from patch edge were also strongly associated with occupancy for many species. We used the occupancy results to group species into 11 guilds that shared patterns of association with landscape characteristics. Our multispecies approach to conservation planning allowed us to quantify the trade-offs of different scenarios of land-cover change in terms of species occupancy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01723.x","usgsCitation":"Schwenk, W.S., and Donovan, T., 2011, A multi-species framework for landscape conservation planning: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1010-1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01723.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1021","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023203","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a652ee4b07657d1a11cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwenk, W. Scott","contributorId":172274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwenk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004640,"text":"70004640 - 2011 - Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by Bromus tectorum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T16:25:14.50005","indexId":"70004640","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by <i>Bromus tectorum</i>","title":"Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by Bromus tectorum","docAbstract":"<p><span>Resource availability and propagule supply are major factors influencing establishment and persistence of both native and invasive species. Increased soil nitrogen (N) availability and high propagule inputs contribute to the ability of annual invasive grasses to dominate disturbed ecosystems. Nitrogen reduction through carbon (C) additions can potentially immobilize soil N and reduce the competitiveness of annual invasive grasses. Native perennial species are more tolerant of resource limiting conditions and may benefit if N reduction decreases the competitive advantage of annual invaders and if sufficient propagules are available for their establishment.&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus tectorum</i><span>, an exotic annual grass in the sagebrush steppe of western North America, is rapidly displacing native plant species and causing widespread changes in ecosystem processes. We tested whether nitrogen reduction would negatively affect&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;while creating an opportunity for establishment of native perennial species. A C source, sucrose, was added to the soil, and then plots were seeded with different densities of both&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;(0, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 viable seeds m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) and native species (0, 150, 300, and 600 viable seeds m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Adding sucrose had short-term (1&nbsp;year) negative effects on available nitrogen and&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;density, biomass and seed numbers, but did not increase establishment of native species. Increasing propagule availability increased both&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;and native species establishment. Effects of&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;on native species were density dependent and native establishment increased as&nbsp;</span><i>B. tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;propagule availability decreased. Survival of native seedlings was low indicating that recruitment is governed by the seedling stage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10530-010-9846-0","usgsCitation":"Mazzola, M.B., Chambers, J., Blank, R., Pyke, D.A., Schupp, E.W., Allcock, K.G., Doescher, P.S., and Nowak, R.S., 2011, Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by Bromus tectorum: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 2, p. 513-526, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9846-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Winnemucca","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.13323974609374,\n              40.46993497635156\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13348388671875,\n              40.46993497635156\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13348388671875,\n              41.529141988723104\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.13323974609374,\n              41.529141988723104\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.13323974609374,\n              40.46993497635156\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzola, Monica B.","contributorId":88619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzola","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blank, Robert R.","contributorId":62090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":7824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allcock, Kimberly G.","contributorId":102342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allcock","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doescher, Paul S.","contributorId":11867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doescher","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nowak, Robert S.","contributorId":15474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70004054,"text":"70004054 - 2011 - Effects of rodent species, seed species, and predator cues on seed fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"70004054","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":639,"text":"Acta Oecologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of rodent species, seed species, and predator cues on seed fate","docAbstract":"Seed selection, removal and subsequent management by granivorous animals is thought to be a complex interaction of factors including qualities of the seeds themselves (e.g., seed size, nutritional quality) and features of the local habitat (e.g. perceived predator risk). At the same time, differential seed selection and dispersal is thought to have profound effects on seed fate and potentially vegetation dynamics. In a feeding arena, we tested whether rodent species, seed species, and indirect and direct predation cues influence seed selection and handling behaviors (e.g., scatter hoarding versus larder hoarding) of two heteromyid rodents, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) and the Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus). The indirect cue was shrub cover, a feature of the environment. Direct cues, presented individually, were (1) control, (2) coyote (Canis latrans) vocalization, (3) coyote scent, (4) red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scent, or (5) short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) vocalization. We offered seeds of three sizes: two native grasses, Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), and the non-native cereal rye (Secale cereale), each in separate trays. Kangaroo rats preferentially harvested Indian ricegrass while pocket mice predominately harvested Indian ricegrass and cereal rye. Pocket mice were more likely to scatter hoard preferred seeds, whereas kangaroo rats mostly consumed and/or larder hoarded preferred seeds. No predator cue significantly affected seed preferences. However, both species altered seed handling behavior in response to direct predation cues by leaving more seeds available in the seed pool, though they responded to different predator cues. If these results translate to natural dynamics on the landscape, the two rodents are expected to have different impacts on seed survival and plant recruitment via their different seed selection and seed handling behaviors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Oecologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.actao.2011.03.004","usgsCitation":"Sivy, K., Ostoja, S.M., Schupp, E.W., and Durham, S., 2011, Effects of rodent species, seed species, and predator cues on seed fate: Acta Oecologica, v. 37, no. 4, p. 321-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.03.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21777,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.03.004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sivy, Kelly J.","contributorId":88866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivy","given":"Kelly J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":7824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, Susan","contributorId":69698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156777,"text":"70156777 - 2011 - Exploration case study using indicator minerals in till at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwest Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T14:56:48.184456","indexId":"70156777","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Exploration case study using indicator minerals in till at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwest Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Pebble deposit in southwest Alaska (Fig. 1) contains one of the largest resources of copper and gold in the world. It includes a measured and indicated resource of 5,942 million tonnes (Mt) at 0.42% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au, and 250 ppm Mo (0.30% copper equivalent, CuEQ, cut off) and contains significant concentrations of Ag, Pd, and Re (Northern Dynasty Minerals 2011). The deposit remains open at depth. The Pebble West zone was discovered in 1989 by Cominco American. In 2005, Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd. (NDM) discovered Pebble East, and in July 2007, NDM partnered with Anglo American to form the Pebble Limited Partnership (PLP). The U.S. Geological Survey began collaborative investigations with PLP in 2007 to identify techniques that will improve mineral exploration in covered terranes. The Pebble deposit is an ideal location for such a study because the deposit is undisturbed (except for drilling), is almost entirely concealed by post-mineral volcanic rocks and glacial deposits, and because its distribution is well constrained in the subsurface by PLP&rsquo;s drill-hole geology and geochemistry. An exploration method developed by Averill (2007) that utilizes porphyry copper indicator minerals (PCIMR) in glacial till samples was applied at Pebble; samples were collected up- and down-ice (of former glaciers) from the deposit. The distribution of several PCIMs identifies the deposit, which suggests that PCIMs may be useful in exploration for other concealed porphyry deposits in the region. In this study, we compare the efficacy of PCIMs relative to that of pond and stream sediments also collected in the deposit area. The Pebble deposit is located 380 km southwest of Anchorage, in the Bristol Bay region of southwest Alaska. There is no road network and access to the study area is by helicopter. The deposit is situated in a broad glacially sculpted topographic low at the head of three drainages, Talarik Creek, North Fork Koktuli River, and the South Fork Koktuli River (Fig. 1). The study area is in a zone of discontinuous permafrost and is masked by lichen-rich tundra vegetation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration: Workshop in the 25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 2011, 22-26 August 2011 Rovaniemi, Finland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium Workshop 3: Indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration","conferenceDate":"August 21, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Rovaniemi, Finland","language":"English","publisher":"Vuorimiesyhdistys - Finnish Association of Mining and Metallurgical","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Kelley, K., Fey, D.L., Giles, S.A., and Smith, S.G., 2011, Exploration case study using indicator minerals in till at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, southwest Alaska, USA, <i>in</i> Indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration: Workshop in the 25th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium 2011, 22-26 August 2011 Rovaniemi, Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland, August 21, 2011, p. 41-48.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029305","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.85156249999997,\n              57.11835002634525\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.86376953125,\n              57.11835002634525\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.86376953125,\n              59.91097597079679\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.85156249999997,\n              59.91097597079679\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.85156249999997,\n              57.11835002634525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f03e4b0824b2d1475df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005227,"text":"pp1774 - 2011 - Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:47:50","indexId":"pp1774","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1774","title":"Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers","docAbstract":"Several common methods for measuring suspended-sediment concentration in rivers in the United States use depth-integrating samplers to collect a velocity-weighted suspended-sediment sample in a subsample of a river cross section. Because depth-integrating samplers are always moving through the water column as they collect a sample, and can collect only a limited volume of water and suspended sediment, they collect only minimally time-averaged data. Four sources of error exist in the field use of these samplers: (1) bed contamination, (2) pressure-driven inrush, (3) inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration, and (4) inadequate time averaging. The first two of these errors arise from misuse of suspended-sediment samplers, and the third has been the subject of previous study using data collected in the sand-bedded Middle Loup River in Nebraska. Of these four sources of error, the least understood source of error arises from the fact that depth-integrating samplers collect only minimally time-averaged data. To evaluate this fourth source of error, we collected suspended-sediment data between 1995 and 2007 at four sites on the Colorado River in Utah and Arizona, using a P-61 suspended-sediment sampler deployed in both point- and one-way depth-integrating modes, and D-96-A1 and D-77 bag-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers. These data indicate that the minimal duration of time averaging during standard field operation of depth-integrating samplers leads to an error that is comparable in magnitude to that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. This random error arising from inadequate time averaging is positively correlated with grain size and does not largely depend on flow conditions or, for a given size class of suspended sediment, on elevation above the bed. Averaging over time scales >1 minute is the likely minimum duration required to result in substantial decreases in this error. During standard two-way depth integration, a depth-integrating suspended-sediment sampler collects a sample of the water-sediment mixture during two transits at each vertical in a cross section: one transit while moving from the water surface to the bed, and another transit while moving from the bed to the water surface. As the number of transits is doubled at an individual vertical, this error is reduced by ~30 percent in each size class of suspended sediment. For a given size class of suspended sediment, the error arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration depends only on the number of verticals collected, whereas the error arising from inadequate time averaging depends on both the number of verticals collected and the number of transits collected at each vertical. Summing these two errors in quadrature yields a total uncertainty in an equal-discharge-increment (EDI) or equal-width-increment (EWI) measurement of the time-averaged velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in a river cross section (exclusive of any laboratory-processing errors). By virtue of how the number of verticals and transits influences the two individual errors within this total uncertainty, the error arising from inadequate time averaging slightly dominates that arising from inadequate sampling of the cross-stream spatial structure in suspended-sediment concentration. Adding verticals to an EDI or EWI measurement is slightly more effective in reducing the total uncertainty than adding transits only at each vertical, because a new vertical contributes both temporal and spatial information. However, because collection of depth-integrated samples at more transits at each vertical is generally easier and faster than at more verticals, addition of a combination of verticals and transits is likely a more practical approach to reducing the total uncertainty in most field situatio","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1774","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., Wright, S., and Melis, T., 2011, Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1774, vii, 52 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1774.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1774.gif"},{"id":91755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1774/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,44 ], [ -103,44 ], [ -103,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5caf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005215,"text":"70005215 - 2011 - California gull chicks raised near colony edges have elevated stress levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:45:41","indexId":"70005215","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"California gull chicks raised near colony edges have elevated stress levels","docAbstract":"Coloniality in nesting birds represents an important life history strategy for maximizing reproductive success. Birds nesting near the edge of colonies tend to have lower reproductive success than individuals nesting near colony centers, and offspring of edge-nesting parents may be impaired relative to those of central-nesting parents. We used fecal corticosterone metabolites in California gull chicks (Larus californicus) to examine whether colony size or location within the colony influenced a chick's physiological condition. We found that chicks being raised near colony edges had higher fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations than chicks raised near colony centers, but that colony size (ranging from 150 to 11,554 nests) had no influence on fecal corticosterone levels. Fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations also increased with chick age. Our results suggest that similarly aged California gull chicks raised near colony edges may be more physiologically stressed, as indicated by corticosterone metabolites, than chicks raised near colony centers.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.029","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., and Ackerman, J., 2011, California gull chicks raised near colony edges have elevated stress levels: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 173, no. 1, p. 72-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.029.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003647,"text":"70003647 - 2011 - Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:31:08.886412","indexId":"70003647","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz","docAbstract":"Quartz occurs in a wide range of geologic environments throughout the Earth's crust. The concentration and distribution of trace elements in quartz provide information such as temperature and other physical conditions of formation. Trace element analyses with modern electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) instruments can achieve 99% confidence detection of ~100 ppm with fairly minimal effort for many elements in samples of low to moderate average atomic number such as many common oxides and silicates. However, trace element measurements below 100 ppm in many materials are limited, not only by the precision of the background measurement, but also by the accuracy with which background levels are determined. A new \"blank\" correction algorithm has been developed and tested on both Cameca and JEOL instruments, which applies a quantitative correction to the emitted X-ray intensities during the iteration of the sample matrix correction based on a zero level (or known trace) abundance calibration standard. This iterated blank correction, when combined with improved background fit models, and an \"aggregate\" intensity calculation utilizing multiple spectrometer intensities in software for greater geometric efficiency, yields a detection limit of 2 to 3 ppm for Ti and 6 to 7 ppm for Al in quartz at 99% t-test confidence with similar levels for absolute accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","publisherLocation":"Chantilly, VA","doi":"10.2138/am.2011.3631","usgsCitation":"Donovan, J., Lowers, H., and Rusk, B.G., 2011, Improved electron probe microanalysis of trace elements in quartz: American Mineralogist, v. 96, no. 2-3, p. 274-282, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3631.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, John J.","contributorId":86091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rusk, Brian G.","contributorId":23648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004751,"text":"70004751 - 2011 - Imported Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus) in North American live food markets: Potential vectors of non-native parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"70004751","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imported Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus) in North American live food markets: Potential vectors of non-native parasites","docAbstract":"Since the 1990s, possibly earlier, large numbers of Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus spp.), some wild-caught, have been imported live from various countries in Asia and sold in ethnic food markets in cities throughout the USA and parts of Canada. Such markets are the likely introduction pathway of some, perhaps most, of the five known wild populations of Asian swamp eels present in the continental United States. This paper presents results of a pilot study intended to gather baseline data on the occurrence and abundance of internal macroparasites infecting swamp eels imported from Asia to North American retail food markets. These data are important in assessing the potential role that imported swamp eels may play as possible vectors of non-native parasites. Examination of the gastrointestinal tracts and associated tissues of 19 adult-sized swamp eels&mdash;identified as M. albus \"Clade C\"&mdash;imported from Vietnam and present in a U.S. retail food market revealed that 18 (95%) contained macroparasites. The 394 individual parasites recovered included a mix of nematodes, acanthocephalans, cestodes, digeneans, and pentastomes. The findings raise concern because of the likelihood that some parasites infecting market swamp eels imported from Asia are themselves Asian taxa, some possibly new to North America. The ecological risk is exacerbated because swamp eels sold in food markets are occasionally retained live by customers and a few reportedly released into the wild. For comparative purposes, M. albus \"Clade C\" swamp eels from a non-native population in Florida (USA) were also examined and most (84%) were found to be infected with internal macroparasites. The current level of analysis does not allow us to confirm whether these are non-native parasites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","usgsCitation":"Nico, L.G., Sharp, P., and Collins, T.M., 2011, Imported Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus) in North American live food markets: Potential vectors of non-native parasites: Aquatic Invasions, v. 6, no. 1, p. 69-76.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"76","temporalStart":"2003-07-28","temporalEnd":"2003-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2011/issue1.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":203911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Paul","contributorId":98598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Timothy M.","contributorId":60760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003452,"text":"70003452 - 2011 - Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:31:46","indexId":"70003452","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan","docAbstract":"Butachlor is the most commonly used herbicide on paddy fields in Taiwan and throughout Southeast Asia. Since paddy fields provide habitat for pond breeding amphibians, we examined growth, development, time to metamorphosis, and survival of alpine cricket frog tadpoles (Fejervarya limnocharis) exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of butachlor. We documented negative impacts of butachlor on survival, development, and time to metamorphosis, but not on tadpole growth. The 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> for tadpoles was 0.87 mg/l, much lower than the 4.8 mg/l recommended dosage for application to paddy fields. Even given the rapid breakdown of butachlor, tadpoles would be exposed to concentrations in excess of their 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> for an estimated 126 h. We also documented DNA damage (genotoxicity) in tadpoles exposed to butachlor at concentrations an order of magnitude less than the 4.8 mg/l recommended application rate. We did not find that butachlor depressed cholinesterase activity of tadpoles, unlike most organophosphorus insecticides. We conclude that butachlor is likely to have widespread negative impacts on amphibians occupying paddy fields with traditional herbicide application.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-010-0589-6","usgsCitation":"Liu, W., Wang, C., Wang, T., Fellers, G.M., Lai, B., and Kam, Y., 2011, Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 377-384, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0589-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 119,21.25 ], [ 119,25.666666666666668 ], [ 125.5,25.666666666666668 ], [ 125.5,21.25 ], [ 119,21.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Wan-Yi","contributorId":106627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Wan-Yi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ching-Yuh","contributorId":68021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ching-Yuh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Tsu-Shing","contributorId":104615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Tsu-Shing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lai, Bo-Chi","contributorId":25280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Bo-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kam, Yeong-Choy","contributorId":9618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kam","given":"Yeong-Choy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003613,"text":"70003613 - 2011 - Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T16:18:08.296536","indexId":"70003613","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spotted owl (</span><span><i>Strix occidentalis</i></span><span>) is a late-successional forest dependent species that is sensitive to forest management practices throughout its range. An increase in the frequency and spatial extent of stand-replacing fires in western North America has prompted concern for the persistence of spotted owls and other sensitive late-successional forest associated species. However, there is sparse information on the effects of fire on spotted owls to guide conservation policies. In 2004–2005, we surveyed for California spotted owls during the&nbsp;breeding season&nbsp;at 32 random sites (16 burned, 16 unburned) throughout late-successional&nbsp;montane forest&nbsp;in Yosemite National Park, California. Our burned areas burned at all severities, but predominately involved low to moderate&nbsp;fire severity. Based on an information theoretic approach, spotted owl detection and occupancy rates were similar between burned and unburned sites. Nest and&nbsp;roost site&nbsp;occupancy was best explained by a model that combined total tree&nbsp;basal area&nbsp;(positive effect) with cover by&nbsp;coarse woody debris&nbsp;(negative effect). The density estimates of California spotted owl pairs were similar in burned and unburned forests, and the overall mean density estimate for Yosemite was higher than previously reported for montane forests. Our results indicate that low to moderate severity fires, historically common within montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, maintain habitat characteristics essential for spotted owl site occupancy. These results suggest that managed fires that emulate the historic fire regime of these forests may maintain spotted owl habitat and protect this species from the effects of future catastrophic fires.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.002","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S.L., van Wagtendonk, J., Miles, A.K., and Kelt, D.A., 2011, Effects of fire on spotted owl site occupancy in a late-successional forest: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 1, p. 610-619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"619","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16870117187501,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16870117187501,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              37.46613860234406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6158be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Jan W. 0000-0002-0788-2654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-2654","contributorId":98269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelt, Douglas A.","contributorId":97232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003954,"text":"70003954 - 2011 - Effects of fluctuating flows and a controlled flood on incubation success and early survival rates and growth of age-0 rainbow trout in a large regulated river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:52:14.159829","indexId":"70003954","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fluctuating flows and a controlled flood on incubation success and early survival rates and growth of age-0 rainbow trout in a large regulated river","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hourly fluctuations in flow from Glen Canyon Dam were increased in an attempt to limit the population of nonnative rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;in the Colorado River, Arizona, due to concerns about negative effects of nonnative trout on endangered native fishes. Controlled floods have also been conducted to enhance native fish habitat. We estimated that rainbow trout incubation mortality rates resulting from greater fluctuations in flow were 23–49% (2003 and 2004) compared with 5–11% under normal flow fluctuations (2006–2010). Effects of this mortality were apparent in redd excavations but were not seen in hatch date distributions or in the abundance of the age-0 population. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that a controlled flood in March 2008, which was intended to enhance native fish habitat, resulted in a large increase in early survival rates of age-0 rainbow trout. Age-0 abundance in July 2008 was over fourfold higher than expected given the number of viable eggs that produced these fish. A hatch date analysis indicated that early survival rates were much higher for cohorts that hatched about 1 month after the controlled flood (∼April 15) relative to those that hatched before this date. The cohorts that were fertilized after the flood were not exposed to high flows and emerged into better-quality habitat with elevated food availability. Interannual differences in age-0 rainbow trout growth based on otolith microstructure supported this hypothesis. It is likely that strong compensation in survival rates shortly after emergence mitigated the impact of incubation losses caused by increases in flow fluctuations. Control of nonnative fish populations will be most effective when additional mortality is applied to older life stages after the majority of density-dependent mortality has occurred. Our study highlights the need to rigorously assess instream flow decisions through the evaluation of population-level responses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.572015","usgsCitation":"Korman, J., Kaplinski, M., and Melis, T., 2011, Effects of fluctuating flows and a controlled flood on incubation success and early survival rates and growth of age-0 rainbow trout in a large regulated river: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 487-505, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.572015.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"505","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85205078124999,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85205078124999,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              35.7286770448517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61547e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matthew","contributorId":14917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004031,"text":"70004031 - 2011 - Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T21:43:03.102819","indexId":"70004031","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification‐dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047174","usgsCitation":"Socolofsky, S.A., Adams, E.E., and Sherwood, C.R., 2011, Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 9, L09602, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047174.","productDescription":"L09602, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.462158203125,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              29.391747742992806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.977294921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolofsky, Scott A.","contributorId":93181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolofsky","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, E. Eric","contributorId":14561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004646,"text":"70004646 - 2011 - Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:55:16","indexId":"70004646","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush","docAbstract":"Land use in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) landscapes influences all sage-grouse (Centrocer-cus spp.) populations in western North America. Croplands and the network of irrigation canals cover 230,000 km2 and indirectly influence up to 77% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 73% of sagebrush land cover by subsidizing synanthropic predators on sage-grouse. Urbanization and the demands of human population growth have created an extensive network of con-necting infrastructure that is expanding its influence on sagebrush landscapes. Over 2,500 km<sup>2</sup> are now covered by interstate highways and paved roads; when secondary roads are included, 15% of the Sage-Grouse Conservation Area and 5% of existing sagebrush habitats are 2.5 km from roads. Density of secondary roads often exceeds 5 km/km<sup>2</sup>, resulting in widespread motorized access for recreation, creating extensive travel corridors for management actions and resource development, subsidizing predators adapted to human presence, and facilitating spread of exotic or invasive plants. Sagebrush lands also are being used for their wilderness and recreation values, including off highway vehicle use. Approximately 12,000,000 animal use months (AUM amount of forage to support one livestock unit per month) are permitted for grazing livestock on public lands in the western states. Direct effects of grazing on sage-grouse populations or sagebrush landscapes are not possible to assess from current data. However, management of lands grazed by livestock has influenced sagebrush ecosystems by vegetation treatments to increase forage and reduce sagebrush and other plant species unpalatable to livestock. Fences (2 km/km<sup>2</sup> in some regions), roads, and water developments to manage livestock movements further modify the landscape. Oil and gas development influences 8% of the sagebrush habitats with the highest intensities occurring in the eastern range of sage-grouse; 20% of the sagebrush distribution is indirectly influenced in the Great Plains, Wyoming Basin, and Colorado Plateau SMZs. Energy development physically removes habitat to construct well pads, roads, power lines, and pipelines; indirect effects include habitat fragmentation, soil disturbance, and facilitation of exotic plant and animal spread. More recent development of alternative energy, such as wind and geothermal, creates infrastructure in new regions of the sage-grouse distribution. Land use will continue to be a dominant stressor on sage-brush systems; its individual and cumulative effects will challenge long-term conservation of sage-grouse populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., Miller, R., Pyke, D.A., Wisdom, M.J., Finn, S.P., Rinkes, E.T., and Henny, C.J., 2011, Ecological influence and pathways of land use in sagebrush, chap. <i>of</i> Greater sage-grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and its habitats, v. 38, p. 203-252.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520267114","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627fdd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connelly, John W.","contributorId":32391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508253,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Richard F.","contributorId":12964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wisdom, Michael J.","contributorId":63934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisdom","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rinkes, E. Thomas","contributorId":46675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinkes","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
]}