{"pageNumber":"1748","pageRowStart":"43675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184657,"records":[{"id":70004873,"text":"70004873 - 2011 - Conservation genetics of evolutionary lineages of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa (Amphibia: Ranidae), in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:38:56","indexId":"70004873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of evolutionary lineages of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa (Amphibia: Ranidae), in southern California","docAbstract":"Severe population declines led to the listing of southern California Rana muscosa (Ranidae) as endangered in 2002. Nine small populations inhabit watersheds in three isolated mountain ranges, the San Gabriel, San Bernardino and San Jacinto. One population from the Dark Canyon tributary in the San Jacinto Mountains has been used to establish a captive breeding population at the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research. Because these populations may still be declining, it is critical to gather information on how genetic variation is structured in these populations and what historical inter-population connectivity existed between populations. Additionally, it is not clear whether these populations are rapidly losing genetic diversity due to population bottlenecks. Using mitochondrial and microsatellite data, we examine patterns of genetic variation in southern California and one of the last remaining populations of R. muscosa in the southern Sierra Nevada. We find low levels of genetic variation within each population and evidence of genetic bottlenecks. Additionally, substantial population structure is evident, suggesting a high degree of historical isolation within and between mountain ranges. Based on estimates from a multi-population isolation with migration analysis, these populations diversified during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene, with little gene flow during population divergence. Our data demonstrate that unique evolutionary lineages of R. muscosa occupy each mountain range in southern California and should be managed separately. The captive breeding program at Dark Canyon is promising, although mitigating the loss of neutral genetic diversity relative to the natural population might require additional breeding frogs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.025","usgsCitation":"Schoville, S.D., Tustall, T.S., Vredenburg, V.T., Backlin, A.R., Gallegos, E., Wood, D.A., and Fisher, R.N., 2011, Conservation genetics of evolutionary lineages of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa (Amphibia: Ranidae), in southern California: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 7, p. 2031-2040, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.025.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2031","endPage":"2040","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269534,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"144","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoville, Sean D.","contributorId":31889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoville","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tustall, Tate S.","contributorId":26418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tustall","given":"Tate","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vredenburg, Vance T.","contributorId":104609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vredenburg","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8402-2631 egallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-2631","contributorId":1528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth","email":"egallegos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004780,"text":"70004780 - 2011 - Assessment of lead exposure in Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) from spent ammunition in central Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T16:06:37.2439","indexId":"70004780","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of lead exposure in Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) from spent ammunition in central Spain","docAbstract":"<p>The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) is found only in the Iberian Peninsula and is considered one of the most threatened birds of prey in Europe. Here we analyze lead concentrations in bones (n = 84), livers (n = 15), primary feathers (n = 69), secondary feathers (n = 71) and blood feathers (n = 14) of 85 individuals collected between 1997 and 2008 in central Spain. Three birds (3.6%) had bone lead concentration &gt; 20 (mu or u)g/g and all livers were within background lead concentration. Bone lead concentrations increased with the age of the birds and were correlated with lead concentration in rachis of secondary feathers. Spatial aggregation of elevated bone lead concentration was found in some areas of Montes de Toledo. Lead concentrations in feathers were positively associated with the density of large game animals in the area where birds were found dead or injured. Discontinuous lead exposure in eagles was evidenced by differences in lead concentration in longitudinal portions of the rachis of feathers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0607-3","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, J., Hofle, U., Mateo, R., de Francisco, O.N., Abbott, R., Acevedo, P., and Blanco, J., 2011, Assessment of lead exposure in Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) from spent ammunition in central Spain: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 670-681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0607-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"681","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025987","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology 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Ursula","contributorId":17102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofle","given":"Ursula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mateo, Rafael","contributorId":24239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mateo","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Francisco, Olga Nicolas","contributorId":105178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Francisco","given":"Olga","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicolas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abbott, Rachel 0000-0003-4820-9295","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":9748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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,{"id":70005011,"text":"sir20115124 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5124","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System (CPRAS) covers an area of about 44,000 square miles in a structural and topographic basin within the drainage of the Columbia River in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The primary aquifers are basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) and overlying sediment. Eighty percent of the groundwater use in the study area is for irrigation, in support of a $6 billion per year agricultural economy. Water-resources issues in the Columbia Plateau include competing agricultural, domestic, and environmental demands. Groundwater levels were measured in 470 wells in 1984 and 2009; water levels declined in 83 percent of the wells, and declines greater than 25 feet were measured in 29 percent of the wells. Conceptually, the system is a series of productive basalt aquifers consisting of permeable interflow zones separated by less permeable flow interiors; in places, sedimentary aquifers overly the basalts. The aquifer system of the CPRAS includes seven hydrogeologic units-the overburden aquifer, three aquifer units in the permeable basalt rock, two confining units, and a basement confining unit. The overburden aquifer includes alluvial and colluvial valley-fill deposits; the three basalt units are the Saddle Mountains, Wanapum, and Grande Ronde Basalts and their intercalated sediments. The confining units are equivalent to the Saddle Mountains-Wanapum and Wanapum-Grande Ronde interbeds, referred to in this study as the Mabton and Vantage Interbeds, respectively. The basement confining unit, referred to as Older Bedrock, consists of pre-CRBG rocks that generally have much lower permeabilities than the basalts and are considered the base of the regional flow system. Based on specific-capacity data, median horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) values for the overburden, basalt units, and bedrock are 161, 70, and 6 feet per day, respectively. Analysis of oxygen isotopes in water and carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon from groundwater samples indicates that groundwater in the CPRAS ranges in age from modern (<50 years) to Pleistocene (>10,000 years). The oldest groundwater resides in deep, downgradient locations indicating that groundwater movement and replenishment in parts of this regional aquifer system have operated on long timescales under past natural conditions, which is consistent with the length and depth of long flow paths in the system. The mean annual recharge from infiltration of precipitation for the 23-year period 1985-2007 was estimated to be 4.6 inches per year (14,980 cubic feet per second) using a polynomial regression equation based on annual precipitation and the results of recharge modeling done in the 1980s. A regional-scale hydrologic budget was developed using a monthly SOil WATer (SOWAT) Balance model to estimate irrigation-water demand, groundwater flux (recharge or discharge), direct runoff, and soil moisture within irrigated areas. Mean monthly irrigation throughout the study area peaks in July at 1.6 million acre-feet (MAF), of which 0.45 and 1.15 MAF are from groundwater and surface-water sources, respectively. Annual irrigation water use in the study area averaged 5.3 MAF during the period 1985-2007, with 1.4 MAF (or 26 percent) supplied from groundwater and 3.9 MAF supplied from surface water. Mean annual recharge from irrigation return flow in the study area was 4.2 MAF (1985-2007) with 2.1 MAF (50 percent) occurring within the predominately surface-water irrigated regions of the study area. Annual groundwater-use estimates were made for public supply, self-supplied domestic, industrial, and other uses for the period 1984 through 2009. Public supply groundwater use within the study area increased from 200,600 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in 1984 to 269,100 acre-ft/yr in 2009. Domestic self-supplied groundwater use increased from 54,580 acre-ft/yr in 1984 to 71,160 acre-ft/yr in 2009. Industrial groundwater use decreased from 53,390 acre-ft/yr in 1984 t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115124","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Morgan, D.S., Welch, W., Ely, D., Hinkle, S., Vaccaro, J.J., and Orzol, L., 2011, Hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic budget components of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5124, x, 63 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115124.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5124.jpg"},{"id":24486,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Washington;Oregon;Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, D. S.","contributorId":19184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, W.B.","contributorId":53895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orzol, L.L.","contributorId":63419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orzol","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005010,"text":"fs20113057 - 2011 - Delivering climate science for the nation's fish, wildlife, and ecosystems: The U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:46:11.672579","indexId":"fs20113057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3057","displayTitle":"Delivering Climate Science for the Nation's Fish, Wildlife, and Ecosystems: The U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","title":"Delivering climate science for the nation's fish, wildlife, and ecosystems: The U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","docAbstract":"Changes to the Earth's climate-temperature, precipitation, and other important aspects of climate-pose significant challenges to our Nation's natural resources now and will continue to do so. Managers of land, water, and living resources need to understand the impacts of climate change-which will exacerbate ongoing stresses such as habitat fragmentation and invasive species-so they can design effective response strategies. In 2008 Congress created the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); this center was formed to address challenges resulting from climate change and to empower natural resource managers with rigorous scientific information and effective tools for decision-making. Located at the USGS National Headquarters in Reston, Virginia, the NCCWSC has invested over $20M in cutting-edge climate change research and is now leading the effort to establish eight regional Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113057","usgsCitation":"Beard, T., 2011, Delivering climate science for the nation's fish, wildlife, and ecosystems: The U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3057, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113057.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-028562","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3057.gif"},{"id":24485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":3314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005012,"text":"fs20113081 - 2011 - Cobalt: for strength and color","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T14:02:06","indexId":"fs20113081","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3081","title":"Cobalt: for strength and color","docAbstract":"<p>Cobalt is a shiny, gray, brittle metal that is best known for creating an intense blue color in glass and paints. It is frequently used in the manufacture of rechargeable batteries and to create alloys that maintain their strength at high temperatures. It is also one of the essential trace elements (or \"micronutrients\") that humans and many other living creatures require for good health. Cobalt is an important component in many aerospace, defense, and medical applications and is a key element in many clean energy technologies. The name cobalt comes from the German word kobold, meaning goblin. It was given this name by medieval miners who believed that troublesome goblins replaced the valuable metals in their ore with a substance that emitted poisonous fumes when smelted. The Swedish chemist Georg Brandt isolated metallic cobalt-the first new metal to be discovered since ancient times-in about 1735 and identified some of its valuable properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113081","usgsCitation":"Boland, M.A., and Kropschot, S., 2011, Cobalt: for strength and color: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3081, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113081.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":388,"text":"Mineral Resources Program Coordinator","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3081.gif"},{"id":24489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298036,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3081/pdf/fs2011-3081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boland, Maeve A.","contributorId":43484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boland","given":"Maeve","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kropschot, S.J.","contributorId":8456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kropschot","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005001,"text":"70005001 - 2011 - A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T10:50:22","indexId":"70005001","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species","docAbstract":"The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the - 3/4 power. This result indicates \"production equivalence,\" where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.1204337","usgsCitation":"Hechinger, R., Lafferty, K.D., Dobson, A.P., Brown, J., and Kuris, A.M., 2011, A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species: Science, v. 333, no. 6041, p. 445-448, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204337.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474943,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3236646","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T72FMP","text":"Carpinteria salt marsh habitat polygons"}],"country":"United States","volume":"333","issue":"6041","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b104b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hechinger, Ryan F.","contributorId":73730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hechinger","given":"Ryan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, Andy P.","contributorId":84490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, James H.","contributorId":20058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005008,"text":"sir20115108 - 2011 - Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-18T11:19:09","indexId":"sir20115108","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5108","title":"Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents and describes high-resolution geospatial data identifying the range of environmental conditions that influence the location of cropped agricultural lands in the conterminous United States. Also presented are estimates of the extent of land where environmental constraints limit agricultural production (marginal land) and the extents of land where modifications overcome environmental constraints. The report is the result of the compilation and manipulation of datasets from numerous sources; it consists of an explanatory text and a series of appendixes and associated tables that document the data sources and data-manipulation methods in detail.</p>\n<p><br /> Environmental factors that influence the extent of crop agriculture are terrain, climate, soil properties, and soil water. It is the combination of these four factors that allow specific crops to be grown in certain areas. Today, in order to maximize production, most of the cultivated croplands and grasslands for commercial agriculture are in areas where crops and livestock are well suited to local conditions. In the United States, cropland (row crops, closely sown crops (except hay), fruits, nuts, vegetables) occupies about 13 percent of the total land area. Grassland and rangeland occupy another 41 percent of the land area.</p>\n<p>Most crops are grown on land with shallow slope where the temperature, precipitation, and soils are favorable. In areas that are too steep, wet, or dry, landscapes have been modified to allow cultivation. Some of the limitations of the environmental factors that determine the location of agriculture can be overcome through modifications, but others cannot. On a larger-than-field scale, agricultural modifications commonly influence water availability through irrigation and (or) drainage and soil fertility and (or) organic-matter content through amendments such as manure, commercial fertilizer and lime. In general, it is not feasible to modify the other environmental factors, soil texture, soil depth, soil mineralogy, temperature, and terrain at large scales. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115108","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Capel, P.D., 2011, Environmental factors that influence the location of crop agriculture in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5108, x, 35 p.; Appendices; Appendices 1-8; Appendix 2 Table; Appendix 8 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115108.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.; Appendices; Appendices 1-8; Appendix 2 Table; Appendix 8 Table","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5108.gif"},{"id":298702,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5108/pdf/SIR2011_5108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB"},{"id":24484,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"county":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004037,"text":"70004037 - 2011 - Assessment of the geomorphic effects of large floods using streamgage data: The 1951 floods in eastern Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T20:21:57.357387","indexId":"70004037","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the geomorphic effects of large floods using streamgage data: The 1951 floods in eastern Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data from 23 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages were analyzed to assess the geomorphic effects (short-term change and subsequent recovery) of the record 1951 floods on streams in eastern Kansas. Flood-related, channel-bed elevation change was indicated for 17 gage sites, with substantial deposition at five sites and substantial erosion at two sites. An assessment of post-flood bed elevation recovery was possible for several sites. While recovery to pre-flood channel-bed elevation occurred over a period of months to years at some sites, at other sites recovery was incomplete or absent. Floodrelated channel widening with partial recovery was indicated for one site and possible channel widening was indicated for two sites. It was demonstrated that an analysis of streamgage data is a potentially useful technique for assessing the geomorphic effects of a large flood at a site, provided that the gage has a long period of record and is located on an alluvial channel. In the absence of other lines of evidence, streamgage data can provide an estimate of the direction and magnitude (net) of geomorphic change that otherwise might not be available or attainable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","doi":"10.2747/0272-3646.32.1.52","usgsCitation":"Bowen, M.W., and Juracek, K.E., 2011, Assessment of the geomorphic effects of large floods using streamgage data: The 1951 floods in eastern Kansas, USA: Physical Geography, v. 32, no. 1, p. 52-77, https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.32.1.52.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,37 ], [ -102,40 ], [ -94.5,40 ], [ -94.5,37 ], [ -102,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Mark W.","contributorId":67638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004995,"text":"70004995 - 2011 - Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T19:01:00.864766","indexId":"70004995","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Francisco gartersnake&nbsp;</span><i>Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia</i><span>&nbsp;has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213&nbsp;ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark–recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI  =  313–646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55–0.95) in 2008–2009 and 0.75 (0.49–0.93) in 2009–2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02–2.50) in 2008–2009 and 0.47 (0.02–1.42) in 2009–2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (−82 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008–2009 was 1.52 (0.73–3.29) and in 2009–2010 was 1.21 (0.70–2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Shepherdstown, Virginia","doi":"10.3996/012011-JFWM-009","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., Amarello, M., Smith, J., Thompson, M., Routman, E.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, Demography of the San Francisco gartersnake in coastal San Mateo County, California: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 2, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-JFWM-009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/012011-jfwm-009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              37.17344871200958\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4591064453125,\n              37.69251435532741\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53051757812499,\n              37.67077737288316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53601074218751,\n              37.52279705525959\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4591064453125,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.354736328125,\n              37.077093191754436\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15698242187499,\n              36.954281585675965\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1075439453125,\n              36.97622678464096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amarello, Melissa","contributorId":90860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amarello","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":84890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Michelle E.","contributorId":105032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Michelle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Routman, Eric J.","contributorId":92407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Routman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70118152,"text":"70118152 - 2011 - Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T16:54:03","indexId":"70118152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T16:51:55","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses","docAbstract":"Observation bias pervades data collected during aerial surveys of large animals, and although some sources can be mitigated with informed planning, others must be addressed using valid sampling techniques that carefully model detection probability. Nonetheless, aerial surveys are frequently employed to count large mammals without applying such methods to account for heterogeneity in visibility of animal groups on the landscape. This often leaves managers and interest groups at odds over decisions that are not adequately informed. I analyzed detection of feral horse (Equus caballus) groups by dual independent observers from 24 fixed-wing and 16 helicopter flights using mixed-effect logistic regression models to investigate potential sources of observation bias. I accounted for observer skill, population location, and aircraft type in the model structure and analyzed the effects of group size, sun effect (position related to observer), vegetation type, topography, cloud cover, percent snow cover, and observer fatigue on detection of horse groups. The most important model-averaged effects for both fixed-wing and helicopter surveys included group size (fixed-wing: odds ratio = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.850–0.935; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.640, 95% CI = 0.587–0.698) and sun effect (fixed-wing: odds ratio = 0.632, 95% CI = 0.350–1.141; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.194, 95% CI = 0.080–0.470). Observer fatigue was also an important effect in the best model for helicopter surveys, with detection probability declining after 3 hr of survey time (odds ratio = 0.278, 95% CI = 0.144–0.537). Biases arising from sun effect and observer fatigue can be mitigated by pre-flight survey design. Other sources of bias, such as those arising from group size, topography, and vegetation can only be addressed by employing valid sampling techniques such as double sampling, mark–resight (batch-marked animals), mark–recapture (uniquely marked and identifiable animals), sightability bias correction models, and line transect distance sampling; however, some of these techniques may still only partially correct for negative observation biases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.204","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., 2011, Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 2, p. 299-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.204"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f19e4b0824b2d147648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148703,"text":"70148703 - 2011 - Estimation of daily age and timing of hatching of exotic Asian swamp eels <i>Monopterus albus</i> (Zuiew, 1793) in a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T10:43:23","indexId":"70148703","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of daily age and timing of hatching of exotic Asian swamp eels <i>Monopterus albus</i> (Zuiew, 1793) in a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Otoliths were used to estimate daily age, growth, and hatching date of the exotic Asian swamp eel (<i>Monopterus albus</i>) captured from a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA. The eels were sampled using leaf litter traps (N = 140) from 17 July to 28 August 2008. The captured (N = 15) Asian swamp eels ranged in total length from 4.9 cm to 12.2 cm, and were estimated to be from 21 to 51 days old (N = 13), and hatched from 13 June to 7 August 2008. Assuming linear growth, these individuals grew an average rate of 0.2 cm per day. To the authors' knowledge, this was the first time otoliths were used to estimate daily age, growth, and hatching date for <i>M. albus</i>, which can be useful for understanding the ecology of this species in the wild.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01739.x","usgsCitation":"Long, J.M., and Lafleur, C., 2011, Estimation of daily age and timing of hatching of exotic Asian swamp eels <i>Monopterus albus</i> (Zuiew, 1793) in a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1019-1022, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01739.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017277","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01739.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558931bde4b0b6d21dd61bd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafleur, C.","contributorId":76170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafleur","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148186,"text":"70148186 - 2011 - Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T15:20:06","indexId":"70148186","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Large wetlands around the world face the possibility of degradation, not only from complete conversion, but also from subtle changes in their structure and function. While fragmentation and isolation of wetlands within heterogeneous landscapes has received much attention, the disruption of spatial patterns/processes within large wetland systems and the resulting fragmentation of community components are less well documented. A greater understanding of pattern/process relationships and landscape gradients, and what occurs when they are altered, could help avoid undesirable consequences of restoration actions. The objective of this study is to determine the amount of fragmentation of sawgrass ridges due to artificial impoundment of water and how that may be differentially affected by spatial position relative to north and south levees. We also introduce groundbreaking evidence of landscape-level discontinuous elevation gradients within WCA3AS by comparing generalized linear and generalized additive models. These relatively abrupt breaks in elevation may have non-linear effects on hydrology and vegetation communities and would be crucial in restoration considerations. Modeling suggests there are abrupt breaks in elevation as a function of northing (<i>Y</i>-coordinate). Fragmentation indices indicate that fragmentation is a function of elevation and easting (<i>X</i>-coordinate), and that fragmentation has increased from 1988-2002. When landscapes change and the changes are compounded by non-linear landscape variables that are described herein, the maintenance processes change with them, creating a degraded feedback loop that alters the system's response to structuring variables and diminishes our ability to predict the effects of restoration projects or climate change. Only when these landscape variables and linkages are clearly defined can we predict the response to potential perturbations and apply the knowledge to other landscape-level wetland systems in need of future restoration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00119.1","usgsCitation":"Zweig, C.L., Reichert, B.E., and Kitchens, W.M., 2011, Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 8, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00119.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025577","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00119.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades, Water Conservation Area 3A","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37872314453125,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.88272094726561,\n              25.764030136696327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659948e4b0d9246a9eb629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zweig, Christa L.","contributorId":99767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zweig","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":22166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004544,"text":"70004544 - 2011 - Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T22:06:32.763455","indexId":"70004544","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>Hypotheses about habitat selection developed in the evolutionary ecology framework assume that individuals, under some conditions, select breeding habitat based on expected fitness in different habitat. The relationship between habitat quality and fitness may be reflected by breeding success of individuals, which may in turn be used to assess habitat quality. Habitat quality may also be assessed via local density: if high‐quality sites are preferentially used, high density may reflect high‐quality habitat.</p><p>Here we assessed whether site occupancy dynamics vary with site surrogates for habitat quality. We modeled nest site use probability in a seabird subcolony (the Black‐legged Kittiwake,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) over a 20‐year period. We estimated site persistence (an occupied site remains occupied from time<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 1) and colonization through two subprocesses: first colonization (site creation at the timescale of the study) and recolonization (a site is colonized again after being deserted). Our model explicitly incorporated site‐specific and neighboring breeding success and conspecific density in the neighborhood. Our results provided evidence that reproductively “successful” sites have a higher persistence probability than “unsuccessful” ones. Analyses of site fidelity in marked birds and of survival probability showed that high site persistence predominantly reflects site fidelity, not immediate colonization by new owners after emigration or death of previous owners. There is a negative quadratic relationship between local density and persistence probability. First colonization probability decreases with density, whereas recolonization probability is constant. This highlights the importance of distinguishing initial colonization and recolonization to understand site occupancy. All dynamics varied positively with neighboring breeding success. We found evidence of a positive interaction between site‐specific and neighboring breeding success.</p><p>We addressed local population dynamics using a site occupancy approach integrating hypotheses developed in behavioral ecology to account for individual decisions. This allows development of models of population and metapopulation dynamics that explicitly incorporate ecological and evolutionary processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/10-0392.1","usgsCitation":"Bled, F., Royle, J., and Cam, E., 2011, Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 938-951, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0392.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France","state":"Brittany","otherGeospatial":"Cap Sizun","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -4.302520751953125,\n              48.08817066753472\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.37530517578125,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.72412109375,\n              48.06569093979212\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.741973876953125,\n              48.038610478762806\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.568939208984375,\n              47.99911175452292\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.4515228271484375,\n              47.982108806418296\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.310760498046875,\n              47.98302802791759\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.302520751953125,\n              48.08817066753472\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bled, Florent","contributorId":93613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bled","given":"Florent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036963,"text":"70036963 - 2011 - Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T20:03:05.010735","indexId":"70036963","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial and temporal patterns of variability in spring onset are identified across western North America using a spring index (SI) model based on weather station minimum and maximum temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>min</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>, respectively). Principal component analysis shows that two significant and independent patterns explain roughly half of the total variance in the timing of spring onset from 1920 to 2005. However, these patterns of spring onset do not appear to be linear responses to the primary modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere: the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA) and the northern annular mode (NAM). Instead, over the period when reanalysis data and the spring index model overlap (1950–2005), the patterns of spring onset are local responses to the state of both the PNA and NAM, which together modulate the onset date of spring by 10–20 days on interannual time scales. They do so by controlling the number and intensity of warm days. There is also a regionwide trend in spring advancement of about −1.5 days decade</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;from 1950 to 2005. Trends in the NAM and PNA can only explain about one-third (−0.5 day decade</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) of this trend.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Ault, T., Macalady, A., Pederson, G., Betancourt, J., and Schwartz, M., 2011, Northern Hemisphere modes of variability and the timing of spring in western North America: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 15, p. 4003-4014, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4003","endPage":"4014","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4069.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Western United States and Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3046875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3046875,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6838e4b0c8380cd736a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, T.R.","contributorId":14229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, A.K.","contributorId":42046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, G.T.","contributorId":19353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, M.D.","contributorId":83468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70150408,"text":"70150408 - 2011 - Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:45:09","indexId":"70150408","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Disconnection between adjacent habitat patches is one of the most notable factors contributing to the decreased biotic integrity of global ecosystems. Connectivity is especially threatened in river&ndash;floodplain ecosystems in which channel modifications have disrupted the lateral links between the main river channel and floodplain lakes. In this study, we examined the interaction between the interconnectedness of floodplain lakes and main river channels and fish assemblage descriptors. Fish assemblages in two segments of an oxbow lake, one connected to and the other isolated from the Yazoo River, Mississippi, were estimated with daytime boat electrofishing during 2007&ndash;2010. The frequency of connection for the connected segment ranged from zero to seven individual events per year (mean, &sim;2). The timing of most connection events reflected regional precipitation patterns. Greater species richness, diversity, and evenness were observed in the connected segment. Additionally, the connected segment had a greater abundance of piscivores and periodic life history strategists. All fishes collected solely in the connected segment were typically riverine in nature, whereas fishes collected only in the disconnected segment were more lacustrine adapted. These results suggest that periodic connection and the associated habitat heterogeneity that it provides are important for maintaining fish species richness and diversity in large-river floodplain lakes. We suggest that maintenance or restoration of connection be an integral part of fluvial ecosystem management plans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.607044","usgsCitation":"Dembkowski, D., and Miranda, L.E., 2011, Comparison of fish assemblages in two disjoined segments of an oxbow lake in relation to connectivity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 4, p. 1060-1069, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.607044.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1060","endPage":"1069","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029943","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Hard Cash Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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,{"id":70004994,"text":"ofr20101332 - 2011 - GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T19:42:14.437278","indexId":"ofr20101332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1332","title":"GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed a Proclamation establishing the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the United States extending its territory 200 nautical miles from the coasts of the United States, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. The charter of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) places the primary responsibility for mapping the territories of the United States within the USGS. Upon declaration of the EEZ, the territory of the United States was enlarged by more than 13 million square kilometers, all of which are under water. The USGS EEZ-SCAN program to systematically map the EEZ began in 1984 and continued through 1991. This digital publication contains all the GLORIA sidescan imagery of the deep-water (greater than 200 meters) portion of the EEZ mapped during those 8 years of data collection. For each EEZ area, we describe the data collection surveys and provide downloads of the GLORIA data and metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"Reston, VA","publisherLocation":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101332","usgsCitation":"Paskevich, V.F., Wong, F.L., O'Malley, J., Stevenson, A.J., and Gutmacher, C.E., 2011, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1332, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101332.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409936,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95362.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24474,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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F.","contributorId":81907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Malley, John J.","contributorId":11892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Malley","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevenson, Andrew J.","contributorId":18830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutmacher, Christina E.","contributorId":28272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003984,"text":"70003984 - 2011 - Assessing open-system behavior of 14C in terrestrial gastropod shells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T22:06:45.557577","indexId":"70003984","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessing open-system behavior of <sup>14</sup>C in terrestrial gastropod shells","title":"Assessing open-system behavior of 14C in terrestrial gastropod shells","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to assess open-system behavior of radiocarbon in fossil gastropod shells, we measured the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C activity on 10 aliquots of shell material recovered from Illinoian (~190–130 ka) and pre-Illinoian (~800 ka) loess and lacustrine deposits in the Midwestern USA. Eight of the 10 aliquots yielded measurable&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C activities that ranged from 0.25 to 0.53 percent modern carbon (pMC), corresponding to apparent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C ages between 48.2 and 42.1 ka. This small level of open-system behavior is common in many materials that are used for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating (e.g. charcoal), and typically sets the upper practical limit of the technique. Two aliquots of gastropod shells from the Illinoian-aged Petersburg Silt (Petersburg Section) in central Illinois, USA, however, yielded elevated&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C activities of 1.26 and 1.71 pMC, which correspond to apparent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C ages of 35.1 and 32.7 ka. Together, these results suggest that while many fossil gastropods shells may not suffer from major (&gt;1%) open-system problems, this is not always the case. We then examined the mineralogy, trace element chemistry, and physical characteristics of a suite of fossil and modern gastropod shells to identify the source of contamination in the Petersburg shells and assess the effectiveness of these screening techniques at identifying samples suitable for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating. Mineralogical (XRD) and trace element analyses were inconclusive, which suggests that these techniques are not suitable for assessing open-system behavior in terrestrial gastropod shells. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), however, identified secondary mineralization (calcium carbonate) primarily within the inner whorls of the Petersburg shells. This indicates that SEM examination, or possibly standard microscope examination, of the interior of gastropod shells should be used when selecting fossil gastropod shells for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C dating.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Phoenix, AZ","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200056587","usgsCitation":"Rech, J.A., Pigati, J., Lehmann, S.B., McGimpsey, C.N., Grimley, D.A., and Nekola, J.C., 2011, Assessing open-system behavior of 14C in terrestrial gastropod shells: Radiocarbon, v. 53, no. 2, p. 325-335, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200056587.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056587","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":30730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":60068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lehmann, Sophie B.","contributorId":73880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Sophie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimpsey, Chelsea N.","contributorId":104345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimpsey","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grimley, David A.","contributorId":75390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nekola, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":105958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nekola","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042525,"text":"70042525 - 2011 - Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T14:48:37.882024","indexId":"70042525","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">We carried out morphotectonic studies along the left-lateral strike-slip Bogd Fault, the principal structure involved in the Gobi-Altay earthquake of 1957 December 4 (published magnitudes range from 7.8 to 8.3). The Bogd Fault is 260 km long and can be subdivided into five main geometric segments, based on variation in strike direction. West to East these segments are, respectively: the West Ih Bogd (WIB), The North Ih Bogd (NIB), the West Ih Bogd (WIB), the West Baga Bogd (WBB) and the East Baga Bogd (EBB) segments. Morphological analysis of offset streams, ridges and alluvial fans—particularly well preserved in the arid environment of the Gobi region—allows evaluation of late Quaternary slip rates along the different faults segments. In this paper, we measure slip rates over the past 200 ka at four sites distributed across the three western segments of the Bogd Fault. Our results show that the left-lateral slip rate is ∼1 mm yr<sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>along the WIB and EIB segments and ∼0.5 mm yr<sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>along the NIB segment. These variations are consistent with the restraining bend geometry of the Bogd Fault.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Our study also provides additional estimates of the horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake along the western part of the Bogd rupture, complementing previously published studies. We show that the mean horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake decreases progressively from 5.2 m in the west to 2.0 m in the east, reflecting the progressive change of kinematic style from pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting to left-lateral-reverse faulting. Along the three western segments, we measure cumulative displacements that are multiples of the 1957 coseismic offset, which may be consistent with a characteristic slip. Moreover, using these data, we re-estimate the moment magnitude of the Gobi-Altay earthquake at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.78–7.95.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Combining our slip rate estimates and the slip distribution per event we also determined a mean recurrence interval of ∼2500–5200 yr for past earthquakes along the different segments of the western Bogd Fault. This suggests that the three western segments of the Bogd Fault and the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (a reverse fault bounding the southern side of the Ih Bogd range that ruptured during the 1957 earthquake) have similar average recurrence times, and therefore may have ruptured together in previous earthquakes as they did in 1957. These results suggest that the western part of the Bogd Fault system, including the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault, usually behaves in a ‘characteristic earthquake’ mode.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x","usgsCitation":"Rizza, M., Ritz, J., Braucher, R., Vassallo, R., Prentice, C., Mahan, S.A., McGill, S., Chauvet, A., Marco, S., Todbileg, M., Demberel, S., and Bourles, D., 2011, Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia): Geophysical Journal International, v. 186, p. 897-927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"927","ipdsId":"IP-029539","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05075.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Bogd Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ],\n            [\n              101.97509765625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ],\n            [\n              101.97509765625,\n              47.025206001585396\n            ],\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              47.025206001585396\n            ],\n            [\n              96.470947265625,\n              44.77013681219717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"186","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c0e4b0523e997a81cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizza, M.","contributorId":35157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizza","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritz, J.-F.","contributorId":105890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritz","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braucher, R.","contributorId":8698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braucher","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vassallo, R.","contributorId":62433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vassallo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prentice, C.","contributorId":33107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGill, S.","contributorId":46795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chauvet, A.","contributorId":10642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvet","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marco, S.","contributorId":252837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marco","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Todbileg, M.","contributorId":24593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todbileg","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Demberel, S.","contributorId":25797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demberel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bourles, D.","contributorId":66036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70003842,"text":"70003842 - 2011 - Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: A framework applied to threatened bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T14:48:38.202909","indexId":"70003842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: A framework applied to threatened bull trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Translocations to recover native fishes have resulted in mixed success. One reason for the failure of these actions is inadequate assessments of their feasibility prior to implementation. Here, we provide a framework developed to assess the feasibility of one type of translocation—reintroduction. The framework was founded on two simple components of feasibility: the potential for recipient habitats to support a reintroduction and the potential of available donor populations to support a reintroduction. Within each component, we developed a series of key questions. The final assessment was based on a scoring system that incorporated consideration of uncertainty in available information. The result was a simple yet transparent system for assessing reintroduction feasibility that can be rapidly applied in practice. We applied this assessment framework to the potential reintroduction of threatened bull trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>&nbsp;into the Clackamas River, Oregon. In this case, the assessment suggested that the degree of feasibility for reintroduction was high based on the potential of recipient habitats and available donor populations. The assessment did not provide a comprehensive treatment of all possible factors that would drive an actual decision to implement a reintroduction, but it did provide a fundamental level of feasibility assessment that is often lacking in practice.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.559830","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Gallo, K., Shively, D., Allen, C., and Goehring, B., 2011, Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: A framework applied to threatened bull trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 1, p. 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.559830.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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,{"id":70004991,"text":"sir20115129 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Chimacum Creek basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T19:04:40.898124","indexId":"sir20115129","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5129","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Chimacum Creek basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents information used to characterize the groundwater flow system in the Chimacum Creek basin. It includes descriptions of the geology and hydrogeologic framework; groundwater recharge and discharge; groundwater levels and flow directions; seasonal fluctuations in groundwater level; interactions between aquifers and the surface-water system; and a groundwater budget. The study area covers 124 square miles in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington, and includes the Chimacum Creek basin, which drains an area of about 37 square miles. The area is underlain by a north-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits that overlie sedimentary and igneous bedrock units that crop out along the margins and western interior of the study area. Six hydrogeologic units consisting of unconsolidated aquifers and confining units, along with an underlying bedrock unit, were identified. A surficial hydrogeologic map was developed and used with well information from 187 drillers' logs to construct 4 hydrogeologic sections, and maps showing the extent and thickness of the units. Natural recharge was estimated using precipitation-recharge relation regression equations developed for western Washington, and estimates were calculated for return flow from data on domestic indoor and outdoor use and irrigated agriculture. Results from synoptic streamflow measurements and water table elevations determined from monthly measurements at monitoring wells are presented and compared with those from a study conducted during 2002-03. A water budget was calculated comprising long-term average recharge, domestic public-supply withdrawals and return flow, self-supplied domestic withdrawals and return flow, and irrigated agricultural withdrawals and return flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115129","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Welch, W.B., Frans, L.M., and Olsen, T.D., 2011, Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Chimacum Creek basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5129, Report: vi, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 32.48 x 24.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115129.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 32.48 x 24.08 inches","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5129.bmp"},{"id":398855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95358.htm"},{"id":24471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chimacum Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8739,\n              47.9011\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6533,\n              47.9011\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6533,\n              48.07667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8739,\n              48.0767\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8739,\n              47.9011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156286,"text":"70156286 - 2011 - Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T18:03:12.90308","indexId":"70156286","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-844","subseriesTitle":"General Technical Report","title":"Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Climate change presents a major challenge to natural resource managers both because of the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on ecosystem structure, processes, and function, and because of the uncertainty associated with those potential ecological effects. Concrete ways to adapt to climate change are needed to help natural resource managers take the first steps to incorporate climate change into management and take advantage of opportunities to counteract the negative effects of climate change. We began a climate change adaptation case study at Olympic National Forest (ONF) in partnership with Olympic National Park (ONP) to determine how to adapt management of federal lands on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, to climate change. The case study began in the summer of 2008 and continued for 1&frac12; years. The case study process involved science-based sensitivity assessments, review of management activities and constraints, and adaptation workshops in each of four focus areas (hydrology and roads, fish, vegetation, and wildlife). The process produced adaptation options for ONF and ONP, and illustrated the utility of place-based vulnerability assessment and science-management workshops in adapting to climate change. The case study process provides an example for other national forests, national parks, and natural resource agencies of how federal land management units can collaborate in the initial stages of climate change adaptation. Many of the ideas generated through this process can potentially be applied in other locations and in other agencies</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Halofsky, J.E., Peterson, D.L., O’Halloran, K.A., and Hoffman, C.H., 2011, Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park, 144 p.","productDescription":"144 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic National Forest, Olympic National Park, Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Halloran, Kathy A.","contributorId":146629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Halloran","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Catherine H.","contributorId":146630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154871,"text":"70154871 - 2011 - Catfish spatial distribution in the free-flowing Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T14:27:48","indexId":"70154871","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Catfish spatial distribution in the free-flowing Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation, ecology, and management of catfish: the second international symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., and Kilgore, K.J., 2011, Catfish spatial distribution in the free-flowing Mississippi River, <i>in</i> Conservation, ecology, and management of catfish: the second international symposium, p. 521-534.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"534","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022937","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/shop/54077c"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f1ae4b0824b2d14764c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, K. Jack","contributorId":116391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173433,"text":"70173433 - 2011 - Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T16:11:58","indexId":"70173433","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera)","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this laboratory study, we quantified substrate selection by small (&lt;50&nbsp;mm) and large (100&ndash;150&nbsp;mm) ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lampetra aepyptera</i><span>). In aquaria, ammocoetes were given a choice to burrow into six equally-available substrate types: small gravel (2.360&ndash;4.750&nbsp;mm), coarse sand (0.500&ndash;1.400&nbsp;mm), fine sand (0.125&ndash;0.500&nbsp;mm), organic substrate (approximately 70% decomposing leaves/stems and organic sediment particles, and 30% silt and fine sand), an even mixture of silt, clay, and fine sand, and silt/clay (&lt;0.063&nbsp;mm). Fine sand was selected with a significantly higher probability than any other substrate. Fine sand habitat is limited in many streams, in part owing to geology, but also as a result of channelization and excessive silt/clay sedimentation, which is a conservation concern. Our results indicate that ammocoetes of least brook lampreys are habitat specialists that prefer fine sand habitat. Hence, availability of fine sand habitat may limit distributions and population sizes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.M., Welsh, S., and Turk, P.J., 2011, Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 91, no. 4, p. 421-428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023054","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab3e4b04f417c2ce4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Dustin M.","contributorId":171829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turk, Philip J.","contributorId":171830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turk","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003904,"text":"70003904 - 2011 - Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:28:21","indexId":"70003904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example","docAbstract":"In 2003, the US Army Corps of Engineers initiated the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP) to monitor pallid sturgeon and the fish community of the Missouri River. The power analysis of PSPAP presented here was conducted to guide sampling design and effort decisions. The PSPAP sampling design has a nested structure with multiple gear subsamples within a river bend. Power analyses were based on a normal linear mixed model, using a mixed cell means approach, with variance estimates from the original data. It was found that, at current effort levels, at least 20 years for pallid and 10 years for shovelnose sturgeon is needed to detect a 5% annual decline. Modified bootstrap simulations suggest power estimates from the original data are conservative due to excessive zero fish counts. In general, the approach presented is applicable to a wide array of animal monitoring programs.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Holan, S., Bryan, J., Gladish, D., and Ellersieck, M., 2011, Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect population changes: the Missouri River sturgeon example: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 282-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, J.L.","contributorId":15328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladish, D. W.","contributorId":68445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladish","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellersieck, M.","contributorId":105841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043892,"text":"70043892 - 2011 - Significance of zircon U-Pb ages from the Pescadero felsite, west-central California coast ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T08:33:37","indexId":"70043892","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of zircon U-Pb ages from the Pescadero felsite, west-central California coast ranges","docAbstract":"Weathered felsite is associated with the late Campanian–Maastrichtian Pigeon Point Formation near Pescadero, California. Poorly exposed, its age and correlation are uncertain. Is it part of the Pigeon Point section west of the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault? Does it rest on Nacimiento block basement? Is it dextrally offset from the Oligocene Cambria Felsite, ∼185 km to the southeast? Why is a calc-alkaline hypabyssal igneous rock intrusive into the outboard accretionary prism? To address these questions, we analyzed 43 oscillatory-zoned zircon crystals from three incipiently recrystallized pumpellyite ± prehnite ± laumontite-bearing Pescadero felsite samples by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Thirty-three zircons gave late Mesozoic U-Pb ages, with single-grain values ranging from 81 to 167 Ma; ten have pre-Mesozoic, chiefly Proterozoic ages. A group of the four youngest Pescadero zircons yielded an apparent maximum igneous age of ca. 86–90 Ma. Reflecting broad age scatter and presence of partly digested sandstone inclusions, we interpret the rest of the zircons (perhaps all) as xenocrysts. Twenty-three zircons were separated and analyzed from two samples of the similar Cambria Felsite, yielding a unimodal 27 Ma U-Pb age. Clearly, the origin of the Upper Oligocene Cambria Felsite is different from that of the Upper Cretaceous Pescadero felsite; these rocks are not correlated, and do not constrain displacement along the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault.\n\nPeak ages differ slightly, but relative probability curves for Mesozoic and pre-Mesozoic Pescadero zircons compare well, for example, with abundant U-Pb age data for detrital zircons from Franciscan metaclastic strata ∼100 km to the east in the Diablo Range–San Francisco Bay area, San Joaquin Great Valley Group turbidites, Upper Cretaceous Nacimiento block Franciscan strata, and Upper Cretaceous forearc units of the Transverse Ranges. Based on zircon U-Pb ages, geologic and petrographic relations, the Pescadero felsite and a capping, sheared metaconglomerate underlie the Pigeon Point Formation. We infer that the magma formed by anatexis of Franciscan or Great Valley clastic sedimentary rocks originating from a parental Mesozoic Sierran-Mojave-Salinian calc-alkaline arc. The felsite erupted during Late Cretaceous time, was metamorphosed to pumpellyite-prehnite grade within the subduction zone, and then was rapidly exhumed, weakly zeolitized, and exposed before Pigeon Point forearc deposition. Pescadero volcanism apparently reflects a previously unrecognized ca. 86–90 Ma felsic igneous event in the accretionary margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30270.1","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., Moore, D.E., W.G. Ernst, Martens, U.C., and Clark, J.C., 2011, Significance of zircon U-Pb ages from the Pescadero felsite, west-central California coast ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 7-8, p. 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30270.1.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1512","ipdsId":"IP-019536","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30270.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"123","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44bfe4b0523e997a81c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"W.G. Ernst","contributorId":127995,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"W.G. Ernst","id":535441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martens, UWE C.","contributorId":8746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"UWE","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, J. C.","contributorId":34945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}