{"pageNumber":"175","pageRowStart":"4350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16502,"records":[{"id":70044448,"text":"70044448 - 2011 - Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T19:16:41","indexId":"70044448","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management","docAbstract":"Hydrologic science has largely built its understanding of the hydrologic cycle using contemporary data sources (i.e., last 100 years). However, as we try to meet water demand over the next 100 years at scales from local to global, we need to expand our scope and embrace other data that address human activities and the alteration of hydrologic systems. For example, the accumulation of human impacts on water systems requires exploration of incompletely documented eras. When examining these historical periods, basic questions relevant to modern systems arise: (1) How is better information incorporated into water management strategies? (2) Does any point in the past (e.g., colonial/pre-European conditions in North America) provide a suitable restoration target? and (3) How can understanding legacies improve our ability to plan for future conditions? Beginning to answer these questions indicates the vital need to incorporate disparate data and less accepted methods to meet looming water management challenges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","doi":"10.3390/w3020566","usgsCitation":"Bain, D., Arrigo, J.A., Green, M., Pellerin, B., and Vörösmarty, C., 2011, Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management: Water, v. 3, no. 2, p. 566-575, https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020566.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"566","endPage":"575","ipdsId":"IP-027060","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273135,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w3020566"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae7e4b07c214e64bd07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bain, Daniel J.","contributorId":29276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arrigo, Jennifer A.S.","contributorId":69045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrigo","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":86231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Mark B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vörösmarty, Charles J.","contributorId":94957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vörösmarty","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040559,"text":"70040559 - 2011 - Effects of baseline conditions on the simulated hydrologic response to projected climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-01T14:07:01","indexId":"70040559","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of baseline conditions on the simulated hydrologic response to projected climate change","docAbstract":"Changes in temperature and precipitation projected from five general circulation models, using one late-twentieth-century and three twenty-first-century emission scenarios, were downscaled to three different baseline conditions. Baseline conditions are periods of measured temperature and precipitation data selected to represent twentieth-century climate. The hydrologic effects of the climate projections are evaluated using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), which is a watershed hydrology simulation model. The Almanor Catchment in the North Fork of the Feather River basin, California, is used as a case study. Differences and similarities between PRMS simulations of hydrologic components (i.e., snowpack formation and melt, evapotranspiration, and streamflow) are examined, and results indicate that the selection of a specific time period used for baseline conditions has a substantial effect on some, but not all, hydrologic variables. This effect seems to be amplified in hydrologic variables, which accumulate over time, such as soil-moisture content. Results also indicate that uncertainty related to the selection of baseline conditions should be evaluated using a range of different baseline conditions. This is particularly important for studies in basins with highly variable climate, such as the Almanor Catchment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2011EI378.1","usgsCitation":"Koczot, K.M., Markstrom, S., and Hay, L.E., 2011, Effects of baseline conditions on the simulated hydrologic response to projected climate change: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 27, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI378.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-023602","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei378.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011EI378.1"},{"id":262881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Almanor Catchment;Feather River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db334ee4b0612706009333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003964,"text":"70003964 - 2011 - Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska's forest ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T11:13:49","indexId":"70003964","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-14T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska's forest ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>The structure and function of Alaska's forests have changed significantly in response to a changing climate, including alterations in species composition and climate feedbacks (e.g., carbon, radiation budgets) that have important regional societal consequences and human feedbacks to forest ecosystems. In this paper we present the first comprehensive synthesis of climate-change impacts on all forested ecosystems of Alaska, highlighting changes in the most critical biophysical factors of each region. We developed a conceptual framework describing climate drivers, biophysical factors and types of change to illustrate how the biophysical and social subsystems of Alaskan forests interact and respond directly and indirectly to a changing climate. We then identify the regional and global implications to the climate system and associated socio-economic impacts, as presented in the current literature. Projections of temperature and precipitation suggest wildfire will continue to be the dominant biophysical factor in the Interior-boreal forest, leading to shifts from conifer- to deciduous-dominated forests. Based on existing research, projected increases in temperature in the Southcentral- and Kenai-boreal forests will likely increase the frequency and severity of insect outbreaks and associated wildfires, and increase the probability of establishment by invasive plant species. In the Coastal-temperate forest region snow and ice is regarded as the dominant biophysical factor. With continued warming, hydrologic changes related to more rapidly melting glaciers and rising elevation of the winter snowline will alter discharge in many rivers, which will have important consequences for terrestrial and marine ecosystem productivity. These climate-related changes will affect plant species distribution and wildlife habitat, which have regional societal consequences, and trace-gas emissions and radiation budgets, which are globally important. Our conceptual framework facilitates assessment of current and future consequences of a changing climate, emphasizes regional differences in biophysical factors, and points to linkages that may exist but that currently lack supporting research. The framework also serves as a visual tool for resource managers and policy makers to develop regional and global management strategies and to inform policies related to climate mitigation and adaptation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00288.1","usgsCitation":"Wolken, J.M., Hollingsworth, T.N., Rupp, T., Chapin, S., Trainor, S., Barrett, T.M., Sullivan, P.F., McGuire, A., Euskirchen, E., Hennon, P.E., Beever, E.A., Conn, J.S., Crone, L.K., D’Amore, D.V., Fresco, N., Hanley, T.A., Kielland, K., Kruse, J.J., Patterson, T., Schuur, E.A., Verbyla, D.L., and Yarie, J., 2011, Evidence and implications of recent and projected climate change in Alaska's forest ecosystems: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 11, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00288.1.","productDescription":"Article 124; 35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028623","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00288.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"2","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d28e4b0c8380cd52e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolken, Jane M.","contributorId":35168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolken","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":19016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, T. Scott","contributorId":21395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapin, Stuart","contributorId":77782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trainor, Sarah F.","contributorId":21396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barrett, Tara M.","contributorId":26558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullivan, Patrick F.","contributorId":49225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Euskirchen, Eugénie S.","contributorId":83378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"Eugénie S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hennon, Paul E.","contributorId":98160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennon","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Conn, Jeff S.","contributorId":82962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crone, Lisa K.","contributorId":72244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"D’Amore, David V.","contributorId":62448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amore","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fresco, Nancy","contributorId":30860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fresco","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hanley, Thomas A.","contributorId":36402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kielland, Knut","contributorId":39627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kielland","given":"Knut","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kruse, James J.","contributorId":72245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Patterson, Trista","contributorId":34763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Trista","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Verbyla, David L.","contributorId":84611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Yarie, John","contributorId":32023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarie","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}}
,{"id":70005784,"text":"70005784 - 2011 - Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:32:30","indexId":"70005784","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-03T10:07:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","docAbstract":"Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to hydrochemical data has been used with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow to a limited extent, but aspects of this approach are unresolved. Previous similar approaches typically have assumed that the extreme-value samples identified by PCA represent end members. The method presented herein is different from previous work in that (1) end members were not assumed to have been sampled but rather were estimated and constrained by prior knowledge; (2) end-member mixing was quantified in relation to hydrogeologic domains, which focuses model results on major hydrologic processes; (3) a method to select an appropriate number of end members using a series of cluster analyses is presented; and (4) conservative tracers were weighted preferentially in model calibration, which distributed model errors of optimized values, or residuals, more appropriately than would otherwise be the case. The latter item also provides an estimate of the relative influence of geochemical evolution along flow paths in comparison to mixing. This method was applied to groundwater in Wind Cave and the associated karst aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. The end-member mixing model was used to test a hypothesis that five different end-member waters are mixed in the groundwater system comprising five hydrogeologic domains. The model estimated that Wind Cave received most of its groundwater inflow from local surface recharge with an additional 33% from an upgradient aquifer. Artesian springs in the vicinity of Wind Cave primarily received water from regional groundwater flow.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., and Valder, J., 2011, Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 409, no. 1-2, p. 315-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","volume":"409","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60b2e4b0c8380cd7162a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006287,"text":"70006287 - 2011 - Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T10:15:24","indexId":"70006287","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages","docAbstract":"The geochemical model PHREEQC is capable of simulating a wide range of equilibrium reactions between water and minerals, ion exchangers, surface complexes, solid solutions, and gases. It also has a general kinetic formulation that allows modeling of nonequilibrium mineral dissolution and precipitation, microbial reactions, decomposition of organic compounds, and other kinetic reactions. To facilitate use of these reaction capabilities in scripting languages and other models, PHREEQC has been implemented in modules that easily interface with other software. A Microsoft COM (component object model) has been implemented, which allows PHREEQC to be used by any software that can interface with a COM server&mdash;for example, Excel&reg;, Visual Basic&reg;, Python, or MATLAB\". PHREEQC has been converted to a C++ class, which can be included in programs written in C++. The class also has been compiled in libraries for Linux and Windows that allow PHREEQC to be called from C++, C, and Fortran. A limited set of methods implements the full reaction capabilities of PHREEQC for each module. Input methods use strings or files to define reaction calculations in exactly the same formats used by PHREEQC. Output methods provide a table of user-selected model results, such as concentrations, activities, saturation indices, and densities. The PHREEQC module can add geochemical reaction capabilities to surface-water, groundwater, and watershed transport models. It is possible to store and manipulate solution compositions and reaction information for many cells within the module. In addition, the object-oriented nature of the PHREEQC modules simplifies implementation of parallel processing for reactive-transport models. The PHREEQC COM module may be used in scripting languages to fit parameters; to plot PHREEQC results for field, laboratory, or theoretical investigations; or to develop new models that include simple or complex geochemical calculations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2011.02.005","usgsCitation":"Charlton, S.R., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2011, Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages: Computers & Geosciences, v. 37, no. 10, p. 1653-1663, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.02.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1653","endPage":"1663","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ce4e4b0c8380cd6fff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006305,"text":"70006305 - 2011 - Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T08:49:51","indexId":"70006305","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-28T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate","docAbstract":"We measured mercury (Hg) concentrations and calculated export and yield from the Yukon River Basin (YRB) to quantify Hg flux from a large, permafrost-dominated, high-latitude watershed. Exports of Hg averaged 4400 kg Hg yr<sup>-1</sup>. The average annual yield for the YRB during the study period was 5.17 &mu;g m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, which is 3&ndash;32 times more than Hg yields reported for 8 other major northern hemisphere river basins. The vast majority (90%) of Hg export is associated with particulates. Half of the annual export of Hg occurred during the spring with about 80% of 34 samples exceeding the U.S. EPA Hg standard for adverse chronic effects to biota. Dissolved and particulate organic carbon exports explained 81% and 50%, respectively, of the variance in Hg exports, and both were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) correlated with water discharge. Recent measurements indicate that permafrost contains a substantial reservoir of Hg. Consequently, climate warming will likely accelerate the mobilization of Hg from thawing permafrost increasing the export of organic carbon associated Hg and thus potentially exacerbating the production of bioavailable methylmercury from permafrost-dominated northern river basins.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es202068b","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P.F., Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G.R., Krabbenhoft, D.P., DeWild, J.F., Butler, K.D., Kamark, B., and Dornblaser, M., 2011, Mercury export from the Yukon River Basin and potential response to a changing climate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 21, p. 9262-9267, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202068b.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9262","endPage":"9267","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.21484375,\n              61.71070595883174\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              61.71070595883174\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              69.19379976461904\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21484375,\n              69.19379976461904\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21484375,\n              61.71070595883174\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5403e4b0c8380cd6ce63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kamark, Ben","contributorId":80976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamark","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark","contributorId":97777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70006296,"text":"70006296 - 2011 - Hydrogeochemical processes governing the origin, transport and fate of major and trace elements from mine wastes and mineralized rock to surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:45:02","indexId":"70006296","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-23T12:10:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemical processes governing the origin, transport and fate of major and trace elements from mine wastes and mineralized rock to surface waters","docAbstract":"<p>The formation of acid mine drainage from metals extraction or natural acid rock drainage and its mixing with surface waters is a complex process that depends on petrology and mineralogy, structural geology, geomorphology, surface-water hydrology, hydrogeology, climatology, microbiology, chemistry, and mining and mineral processing history. The concentrations of metals, metalloids, acidity, alkalinity, Cl<sup>-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> found in receiving streams, rivers, and lakes are affected by all of these factors and their interactions. Remediation of mine sites is an engineering concern but to design a remediation plan without understanding the hydrogeochemical processes of contaminant mobilization can lead to ineffective and excessively costly remediation. Furthermore, remediation needs a goal commensurate with natural background conditions rather than water-quality standards that might bear little relation to conditions of a highly mineralized terrain. This paper reviews hydrogeochemical generalizations, primarily from US Geological Survey research, that enhance our understanding of the origin, transport, and fate of contaminants released from mined and mineralized areas.</p>\n<p>Mobility of potential or actual contaminants from mining and mineral processing activities depends on (1) <i>occurrence</i>: is the mineral source of the contaminant actually present? (2) <i>abundance</i>: is the mineral present in sufficient quantity to make a difference? (3) <i>reactivity</i>: what are the energetics, rates, and mechanisms of sorption and mineral dissolution and precipitation relative to the flow rate of the water? and (4) <i>hydrology</i>: what are the main flow paths for contaminated water? Estimates of relative proportions of minerals dissolved and precipitated can be made with mass-balance calculations if minerals and water compositions along a flow path are known. Combined with discharge, these mass-balance estimates quantify the actual weathering rate of pyrite mineralization in the environment and compare reasonably well with laboratory rates of pyrite oxidation except when large quantities of soluble salts and evaporated mine waters have accumulated underground. Quantitative mineralogy with trace-element compositions can substantially improve the identification of source minerals for specific trace elements through mass balances. Post-dissolution sorption and precipitation (attenuation) reactions depend on the chemical behavior of each element, solution composition and pH, aqueous speciation, temperature, and contact-time with mineral surfaces. For example, little metal attenuation occurs in waters of low pH (<3.5) and metals tend to maintain element ratios indicative of the main mineral or group of minerals from which they dissolved, except Fe, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and redox-sensitive oxyanions (As, Sb, Se, Mo, Cr, V). Once dissolved, metal and metalloid concentrations are strongly affected by redox conditions and pH. Iron is the most reactive because it is rapidly oxidized by bacteria and archaea and Fe(III) hydrolyzes and precipitates at low pH (1&ndash;3) which is related directly to its first hydrolysis constant, pK<sub>1</sub> = 2.2. Several insoluble sulfate minerals precipitate at low pH including anglesite, barite, jarosite, alunite and basaluminite. Aluminum hydrolyzes near pH 5 (pK<sub>1</sub> = 5.0) and provides buffering and removal of Al by mineral precipitation from pH 4&ndash;5.5. Dissolved sulfate behaves conservatively because the amount removed from solution by precipitation is usually too small relative to the high concentrations in the water column and relative to the flow rate of the water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.06.002","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2011, Hydrogeochemical processes governing the origin, transport and fate of major and trace elements from mine wastes and mineralized rock to surface waters: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 11, p. 1777-1791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.06.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1791","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3357e4b0c8380cd5ef15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70007273,"text":"70007273 - 2011 - Impacts of climate change on the growing season in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-30T01:01:38","indexId":"70007273","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-21T09:17:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of climate change on the growing season in the United States","docAbstract":"Understanding the effects of climate change on the vegetative growing season is key to quantifying future hydrologic water budget conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey modeled changes in future growing season length at 14 basins across 11 states. Simulations for each basin were generated using five general circulation models with three emission scenarios as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, watershed model developed to simulate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on watershed response. PRMS was modified to include a growing season calculation in this study. The growing season was examined for trends in the total length (annual), as well as changes in the timing of onset (spring) and the end (fall) of the growing season. The results showed an increase in the annual growing season length in all 14 basins, averaging 27&ndash;47 days for the three emission scenarios. The change in the spring and fall growing season onset and end varied across the 14 basins, with larger increases in the total length of the growing season occurring in the mountainous regions and smaller increases occurring in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions. The Clear Creek basin, 1 of the 14 basins in this study, was evaluated to examine the growing season length determined by emission scenario, as compared to a growing season length fixed baseline condition. The Clear Creek basin showed substantial variation in hydrologic responses, including streamflow, as a result of growing season length determined by emission scenario.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2011EI376.1","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., and Hay, L.E., 2011, Impacts of climate change on the growing season in the United States: Earth Interactions, v. 15, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI376.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474739,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei376.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":256997,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011EI376.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e7e4b0c8380cd61720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006297,"text":"70006297 - 2011 - Formation of nanocolloidal metacinnabar in mercury-DOM-sulfide systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:15:47","indexId":"70006297","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-21T08:44:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of nanocolloidal metacinnabar in mercury-DOM-sulfide systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Direct determination of mercury (Hg) speciation in sulfide-containing environments is confounded by low mercury concentrations and poor analytical sensitivity. Here we report the results of experiments designed to assess mercury speciation at environmentally relevant ratios of mercury to dissolved organic matter (DOM) (i.e., &lt;4 nmol Hg (mg DOM)</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) by combining solid phase extraction using C</span><sub>18</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>resin with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Aqueous Hg(II) and a DOM isolate were equilibrated in the presence and absence of 100 μM total sulfide. In the absence of sulfide, mercury adsorption to the resin increased as the Hg:DOM ratio decreased and as the strength of Hg-DOM binding increased. EXAFS analysis indicated that in the absence of sulfide, mercury bonds with an average of 2.4 ± 0.2 sulfur atoms with a bond length typical of mercury-organic thiol ligands (2.35 Å). In the presence of sulfide, mercury showed greater affinity for the C</span><sub>18</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>resin, and its chromatographic behavior was independent of Hg:DOM ratio. EXAFS analysis showed mercury–sulfur bonds with a longer interatomic distance (2.51–2.53 Å) similar to the mercury–sulfur bond distance in metacinnabar (2.53 Å) regardless of the Hg:DOM ratio. For all samples containing sulfide, the sulfur coordination number was below the ideal four-coordinate structure of metacinnabar. At a low Hg:DOM ratio where strong binding DOM sites may control mercury speciation (1.9 nmol mg</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) mercury was coordinated by 2.3 ± 0.2 sulfur atoms, and the coordination number rose with increasing Hg:DOM ratio. The less-than-ideal coordination numbers indicate metacinnabar-like species on the nanometer scale, and the positive correlation between Hg:DOM ratio and sulfur coordination number suggests progressively increasing particle size or crystalline order with increasing abundance of mercury with respect to DOM. In DOM-containing sulfidic systems nanocolloidal metacinnabar-like species may form, and these species need to be considered when addressing mercury biogeochemistry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es201837h","usgsCitation":"Gerbig, C., Kim, C., Stegemeier, J., Ryan, J.N., and Aiken, G.R., 2011, Formation of nanocolloidal metacinnabar in mercury-DOM-sulfide systems: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 21, p. 9180-9187, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201837h.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9180","endPage":"9187","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1354e4b0c8380cd54603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerbig, Chase A.","contributorId":63246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerbig","given":"Chase A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Christopher S.","contributorId":69258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stegemeier, John P.","contributorId":45151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stegemeier","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006313,"text":"70006313 - 2011 - Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:05:37","indexId":"70006313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-06T19:55:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream","docAbstract":"Stream flow in urban aquatic ecosystems often is maintained by water-reclamation plant (WRP) effluents that contain mixtures of natural and anthropogenic chemicals that persist through the treatment processes. In effluent-impactedstreams, aquatic organisms such as fish are continuously exposed to biologically-activechemicals throughout their life cycles. The North Shore Channel of the Chicago River (Chicago, Illinois) is part of an urban ecosystem in which > 80% of the annual flow consists of effluent from the North Side WRP. In this study, multiple samplings of the effluent and stream water were conducted and fish (largemouth bass and carp) were collected on 2 occasions from the North Shore Channel. Fish also were collected once from the Outer Chicago Harbor in Lake Michigan, a reference site not impacted by WRP discharges. Over 100 organic chemicals with differing behaviors and biological effects were measured, and 23 compounds were detected in all of the water samples analyzed. The most frequently detected and highest concentration (> 100 &mu;g/L) compounds were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4-nonylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxycarboxylic acids. Other biologically-activechemicals including bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxylates, 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol, and 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenolmono-to-tetraethoxylates were detected at lower concentrations (< 5 &mu;g/L). The biogenic steroidal hormones 17&beta;-estradiol, estrone, testosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and <i>cis</i>-androsterone were detected at even lower concentrations (< 0.005 &mu;g/L). There were slight differences in concentrations between the North Side WRP effluent and the North Shore Channel, indicating minimal in-stream attenuation. Fish populations are continuously exposed to mixtures of biologically-activechemicals because of the relative persistency of the chemicals with respect to stream hydraulic residence time, and the lack of a fresh water source for dilution. The majority of male fish exhibited vitellogenin induction, a physiological response consistent with exposure to estrogenic compounds. Tissue-level signs of reproductive disruption, such as ovatestis, were not observed.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Brown, G., Nettesheim, T.G., Murphy, E.W., Bartell, S.E., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2011, Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 22, p. 4720-4728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4720","endPage":"4728","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.5223388671875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5885009765625,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5885009765625,\n              42.49640294093705\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5223388671875,\n              42.49640294093705\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5223388671875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"409","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0698e4b0c8380cd5130e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Gregory K.","contributorId":8984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gregory K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nettesheim, Todd G.","contributorId":85848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettesheim","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":78999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartell, Stephen E.","contributorId":54445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartell","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":354302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038055,"text":"70038055 - 2011 - Selective uptake and biological consequences of environmentally relevant antidepressant pharmaceutical exposures on male fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T18:20:33.233002","indexId":"70038055","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-06T19:43:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective uptake and biological consequences of environmentally relevant antidepressant pharmaceutical exposures on male fathead minnows","docAbstract":"Antidepressant pharmaceuticals have been reported in wastewater effluent at the nanogram to low microgram-per-liter range, and include bupropion (BUP), fluoxetine (FLX), sertraline (SER), and venlafaxine (VEN). To assess the effects of antidepressants on reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior, adult male fathead minnows (<i>Pimeplwles promelas</i>) were exposed for 21 days either to a single concentration of the antidepressants FLX, SER, VEN, or BUP, or to an antidepressant mixture. The data demonstrated that exposure to VEN (305 ng/L and 1104 ng/L) and SER (5.2 ng/L) resulted in mortality. Anatomical alterations were noted within the testes of fish exposed to SER and FLX, both modulators of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Additionally, FLX at 28 ng/L induced vitellogenin in male fish&mdash;a common endpoint for estrogenic endocrine disruption. Significant alterations in male secondary sex characteristics were noted with single exposures. Effects of single compound exposures neither carried over, nor became additive in the antidepressant mixtures, and reproductive behavior was not affected. Analysis of brain tissues from the exposed fish suggested increased uptake of FLX, SER and BUP and minimal uptake of VEN when compared to exposure water concentrations. Furthermore, the only metabolite detected consistently in the brain tissues was norfluoxetine. Similar trends of uptake by brain tissue were observed when fish were exposed to antidepressant mixtures. The present study demonstrates that anatomy and physiology, but not reproductive behavior, can be disrupted by exposure to environmental concentrations of some antidepressants. The observation that antidepressant uptake into fish tissues is selective may have consequences on assessing the mode-of-action and effects of these compounds in future studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.011","usgsCitation":"Schultz, M.M., Painter, M.M., Bartell, S.E., Logue, A., Furlong, E.T., Werner, S.L., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2011, Selective uptake and biological consequences of environmentally relevant antidepressant pharmaceutical exposures on male fathead minnows: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 104, no. 1-2, p. 38-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":140,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (National Water Quality Laboratory)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ce2e4b08c986b318197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Melissa M.","contributorId":52013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Meghan M.","contributorId":68145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, Stephen E.","contributorId":54445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartell","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logue, Amanda","contributorId":9504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logue","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":463358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70009683,"text":"ofr20111318 - 2011 - Environmental settings of streams sampled for mercury in New York and South Carolina, 2005-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:30:51","indexId":"ofr20111318","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1318","title":"Environmental settings of streams sampled for mercury in New York and South Carolina, 2005-09","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the environmental settings of streams in New York and South Carolina, where the U.S. Geological Survey completed detailed investigations during 2005-09 into factors contributing to mercury bioaccumulation in top-predator fish and other stream organisms. Descriptions of location, land use/land cover, climate, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, hydrology, water temperature, and other characteristics are provided. Atmospheric deposition is the dominant mercury source in the studied basins where biota, sediment, soil, and water were sampled for mercury and for physical and chemical characteristics believed to be important in mercury methylation and transport.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111318","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Riva-Murray, K., Smith, M.J., Bradley, P.M., Button, D.T., Clark, J.M., Burns, D.A., and Journey, C.A., 2011, Environmental settings of streams sampled for mercury in New York and South Carolina, 2005-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1318, Report: viii, 34 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111318.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; 2 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1318.gif"},{"id":204861,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1318/pdf/ofr2011_1318_031312.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":370694,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1318/Appendix2.xlsx"},{"id":370693,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1318/Appendix1.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Conical Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Edisto River Basin, Mctier Creek Subbasin, Santee River Basin, Upper Hudson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Martyn J. 0000-0002-1107-9653 marsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9653","contributorId":4474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Martyn","email":"marsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Button, Daniel T. 0000-0002-7479-884X dtbutton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-884X","contributorId":2084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Button","given":"Daniel","email":"dtbutton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70007121,"text":"70007121 - 2011 - Contamination of nonylphenolic compounds in creek water, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and sediments from Lake Shihwa and vicinity, Korea: Comparison with fecal pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:18:25","indexId":"70007121","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-26T15:28:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contamination of nonylphenolic compounds in creek water, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and sediments from Lake Shihwa and vicinity, Korea: Comparison with fecal pollution","docAbstract":"Nonylphenolic compounds (NPs), coprostanol (COP), and cholestanol, major contaminants in industrial and domestic wastewaters, were analyzed in creek water, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and sediment samples from artificial Lake Shihwa and its vicinity, one of the most industrialized regions in Korea. We also determined mass discharge of NPs and COP, a fecal sterol, into the lake, to understand the linkage between discharge and sediment contamination. Total NP (the sum of nonylphenol, and nonylphenol mono- and di-ethoxylates) were 0.32&ndash;875 &mu;g L<sup>-1</sup> in creeks, 0.61&ndash;87.0 &mu;g L<sup>-1</sup> in WWTP effluents, and 29.3&ndash;230 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> TOC in sediments. Concentrations of COP were 0.09&ndash;19.0 &mu;g L<sup>-1</sup> in creeks, 0.11&ndash;44.0 &mu;g L<sup>-1</sup> in WWTP effluents, and 2.51&ndash;438 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> TOC in sediments. The spatial distributions of NPs in creeks and sediments from the inshore region were different from those of COP, suggesting that Lake Shihwa contamination patterns from industrial effluents differ from those from domestic effluents. The mass discharge from the combined outfall of the WWTPs, located in the offshore region, was 2.27 kg d<sup>-1</sup> for NPs and 1.00 kg d<sup>-1</sup> for COP, accounting for 91% and 95% of the total discharge into Lake Shihwa, respectively. The highest concentrations of NPs and COP in sediments were found in samples at sites near the submarine outfall of the WWTPs, indicating that the submarine outfall is an important point source of wastewater pollution in Lake Shihwa.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.016","usgsCitation":"Choi, M., Furlong, E.T., Moon, H., Yu, J., and Choi, H., 2011, Contamination of nonylphenolic compounds in creek water, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and sediments from Lake Shihwa and vicinity, Korea: Comparison with fecal pollution: Chemosphere, v. 85, no. 8, p. 1406-1413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.016.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1406","endPage":"1413","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Korea","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[128.34972,38.61224],[129.21292,37.43239],[129.46045,36.78419],[129.4683,35.63214],[129.09138,35.08248],[128.18585,34.89038],[127.38652,34.47567],[126.48575,34.39005],[126.37392,34.93456],[126.55923,35.68454],[126.1174,36.72548],[126.86014,36.89392],[126.17476,37.74969],[126.23734,37.84038],[126.68372,37.80477],[127.07331,38.25611],[127.78004,38.30454],[128.20575,38.3704],[128.34972,38.61224]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Korea\"}}]}","volume":"85","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa47e4b0c8380cd4da02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Minkyu","contributorId":80422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Minkyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moon, Hyo-Bang","contributorId":45838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Hyo-Bang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yu, Jun","contributorId":25704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Jun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choi, Hee-Gu","contributorId":91989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Hee-Gu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006306,"text":"70006306 - 2011 - Calcite growth-rate inhibition by fulvic acids isolated from Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA, the Suwannee River, Georgia, USA and by polycarboxylic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:34:58","indexId":"70006306","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-26T14:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite growth-rate inhibition by fulvic acids isolated from Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA, the Suwannee River, Georgia, USA and by polycarboxylic acids","docAbstract":"Calcite crystallization rates are characterized using a constant solution composition at 25&deg;C, pH=8.5, and calcite supersaturation (&#937;) of 4.5 in the absence and presence of fulvic acids isolated from Big Soda Lake, Nevada (BSLFA), and a fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia (SRFA). Rates are also measured in the presence and absence of low-molar mass, aliphatic-alicyclic polycarboxylic acids (PCA). BSLFA inhibits calcite crystal-growth rates with increasing BSLFA concentration, suggesting that BSLFA adsorbs at growth sites on the calcite crystal surface. Calcite growth morphology in the presence of BSLFA differed from growth in its absence, supporting an adsorption mechanism of calcite-growth inhibition by BSLFA. Calcite growth-rate inhibition by BSLFA is consistent with a model indicating that polycarboxylic acid molecules present in BSLFA adsorb at growth sites on the calcite crystal surface. In contrast to published results for an unfractionated SRFA, there is dramatic calcite growth inhibition (at a concentration of 1 mg/L) by a SRFA fraction eluted by pH 5 solution from XAD-8 resin, indicating that calcite growth-rate inhibition is related to specific SRFA component fractions. A cyclic PCA, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-cyclohexane hexacarboxylic acid (CHXHCA) is a strong calcite growth-rate inhibitor at concentrations less than 0.1 mg/L. Two other cyclic PCAs, 1, 1 cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (CPDCA) and 1, 1 cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (CBDCA) with the carboxylic acid groups attached to the same ring carbon atom, have no effect on calcite growth rates up to concentrations of 10 mg/L. Organic matter ad-sorbed from the air onto the seed crystals has no effect on the measured calcite crystal-growth rates.","language":"English","publisher":"IRis","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Leenheer, J., 2011, Calcite growth-rate inhibition by fulvic acids isolated from Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA, the Suwannee River, Georgia, USA and by polycarboxylic acids: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 5, no. 1, p. 41-53.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204818,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20001085","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70007517,"text":"70007517 - 2011 - Subsurface transport of orthophosphate in five agricultural watersheds, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"70007517","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface transport of orthophosphate in five agricultural watersheds, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved orthophosphate (ortho P) in the unsaturated zone, groundwater, tile drains, and groundwater/stream water interfaces were assessed in five agricultural watersheds to determine the potential for subsurface transport. Concentrations of iron oxides were measured in the aquifer material and adsorption of ortho P on oxide surfaces was assessed by geochemical modeling. Attenuation of ortho P in these aquifers was attributed primarily to sorption onto iron oxides, and in one location onto clay minerals. Only one location showed a clear indication of phosphorus transport to a stream from groundwater discharge, although groundwater did contribute to the stream load elsewhere. Subsurface ortho P movement at a site in California resulted in a plume down gradient from orchards, which was attenuated by a 200 m thick riparian zone with natural vegetation. Iron oxides had an effect on phosphorus movement and concentrations at all locations, and groundwater chemistry, especially pH, exerted a major control on the amount of phosphorus adsorbed. Groundwater pH at a site in Maryland was below 5 and that resulted in complete sequestration of phosphorus and no movement toward the stream. Geochemical modeling indicated that as the surfaces approached saturation, groundwater concentrations of ortho P rise rapidly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.014","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Johnson, H.M., 2011, Subsurface transport of orthophosphate in five agricultural watersheds, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 409, no. 1-2, p. 157-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"409","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d92e4b08c986b31d915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007519,"text":"70007519 - 2011 - Taking the pulse of snowmelt: in situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"70007519","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T16:49:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking the pulse of snowmelt: in situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream","docAbstract":"Highly resolved time series data are useful to accurately identify the timing, rate, and magnitude of solute transport in streams during hydrologically dynamic periods such as snowmelt. We used in situ optical sensors for nitrate (NO3<sup>-</sup>) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence (FDOM) to measure surface water concentrations at 30 min intervals over the snowmelt period (March 21&ndash;May 13, 2009) at a 40.5 hectare forested watershed at Sleepers River, Vermont. We also collected discrete samples for laboratory absorbance and fluorescence as well as &delta;<sup>18</sup>O&ndash;NO3<sup>-</sup> isotopes to help interpret the drivers of variable NO3<sup>-</sup> and FDOM concentrations measured in situ. In situ data revealed seasonal, event and diurnal patterns associated with hydrological and biogeochemical processes regulating stream NO3<sup>-</sup> and FDOM concentrations. An observed decrease in NO3<sup>-</sup> concentrations after peak snowmelt runoff and muted response to spring rainfall was consistent with the flushing of a limited supply of NO3<sup>-</sup> (mainly from nitrification) from source areas in surficial soils. Stream FDOM concentrations were coupled with flow throughout the study period, suggesting a strong hydrologic control on DOM concentrations in the stream. However, higher FDOM concentrations per unit streamflow after snowmelt likely reflected a greater hydraulic connectivity of the stream to leachable DOM sources in upland soils. We also observed diurnal NO3<sup>-</sup> variability of 1&ndash;2 &mu;mol l<sup>-1</sup> after snowpack ablation, presumably due to in-stream uptake prior to leafout. A comparison of NO3<sup>-</sup> and dissolved organic carbon yields (DOC, measured by FDOM proxy) calculated from weekly discrete samples and in situ data sub-sampled daily resulted in small to moderate differences over the entire study period (-4 to 1% for NO3<sup>-</sup> and -3 to -14% for DOC), but resulted in much larger differences for daily yields (-66 to +27% for NO3<sup>-</sup> and -88 to +47% for DOC, respectively). Despite challenges inherent in in situ sensor deployments in harsh seasonal conditions, these data provide important insights into processes controlling NO3<sup>-</sup> and FDOM in streams, and will be critical for evaluating the effects of climate change on snowmelt delivery to downstream ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Saraceno, J., Shanley, J.B., Sebestyen, S.D., Aiken, G.R., Wollheim, W., and Bergamaschi, B., 2011, Taking the pulse of snowmelt: in situ sensors reveal seasonal, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream: Biogeochemistry, v. 108, no. 1-3, p. 183-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"2009-03-21","temporalEnd":"2009-05-13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River","volume":"108","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3bee4b08c986b31fe71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":104758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70007430,"text":"sir20115111 - 2011 - Hydrology, phosphorus, and suspended solids in five agricultural streams in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Watersheds, Wisconsin, Water Years 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:29:15","indexId":"sir20115111","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5111","title":"Hydrology, phosphorus, and suspended solids in five agricultural streams in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Watersheds, Wisconsin, Water Years 2004-06","docAbstract":"A 3-year study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay to characterize water quality in agricultural streams in the Fox/Wolf watershed in northeastern Wisconsin and provide information to assist in the calibration of a watershed model for the area. Streamflow, phosphorus, and suspended solids data were collected between October 1, 2003, and September 30, 2006, in five streams, including Apple Creek, Ashwaubenon Creek, Baird Creek, Duck Creek, and the East River. During this study, total annual precipitation was close to the 30-year normal of 29.12 inches. The 3-year mean streamflow was highest in the East River (113 ft<sup>3</sup>/s), followed by Duck Creek (58.2 ft<sup>3</sup>/s), Apple Creek (26.9 ft<sup>3</sup>/s), Baird Creek (12.8 ft<sup>3</sup>/s), and Ashwaubenon Creek (9.1 ft<sup>3</sup>/s). On a yield basis, during these three years, the East River had the highest flow (0.78 ft<sup>3</sup>/s/mi<sup>2</sup>), followed by Baird Creek (0.61 ft<sup>3</sup>/s/mi<sup>2</sup>), Apple Creek (0.59 ft<sup>3</sup>/s/mi<sup>2</sup>), Duck Creek (0.54 ft<sup>3</sup>/s/mi<sup>2</sup>), and Ashwaubenon Creek (0.46 ft<sup>3</sup>/s/mi<sup>2</sup>).</p> \n<p>The overall median total suspended solids (TSS) concentration was highest in Baird Creek (73.5 mg/L), followed by Apple and Ashwaubenon Creeks (65 mg/L), East River (40 mg/L), and Duck Creek (30 mg/L). The median total phosphorus (TP) concentration was highest in Ashwaubenon Creek (0.60 mg/L), followed by Baird Creek (0.47 mg/L), Apple Creek (0.37 mg/L), East River (0.26 mg/L), and Duck Creek (0.22 mg/L).</p>\n<p>The average annual TSS yields ranged from 111 tons/mi<sup>2</sup> in Apple Creek to 45 tons/mi2 in Duck Creek. All five watersheds yielded more TSS than the median value (32.4 tons/mi<sup>2</sup>) from previous studies in the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains (SWTP) ecoregion. The average annual TP yields ranged from 663 lbs/mi<sup>2</sup> in Baird Creek to 382 lbs/mi<sup>2</sup> in Duck Creek. All five watersheds yielded more TP than the median value from previous studies in the SWTP ecoregion, and the Baird Creek watershed yielded more TP than the statewide median of 650 lbs/mi<sup>2</sup> from previous studies.Overall, Duck Creek had the lowest median and volumetric weighted concentrations and mean yield of TSS and TP. The same pattern was true for dissolved phosphorus (DP), except the volumetrically weighted concentration was lowest in the East River. In contrast, Ashwaubenon, Baird, and Apple Creeks had greater median and volumetrically weighted concentrations and mean yields of TSS, TP, DP than Duck Creek and the East River. Water quality in Duck Creek and East River were distinctly different from Ashwaubenon, Baird, and Apple Creeks. Loads from individual runoff events for all of these streams were important to the total annual mass transport of the constituents. On average, about 20 percent of the annual TSS loads and about 17 percent of the TP loads were transported in 1-day events in each stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Robertson, D.M., Baumgart, P.D., and Fermanich, K., 2011, Hydrology, phosphorus, and suspended solids in five agricultural streams in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Watersheds, Wisconsin, Water Years 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5111, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115111.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5111.gif"},{"id":116345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lower Fox River Watershed;Green Bay Watershed","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a377ee4b0c8380cd60f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumgart, Paul D.","contributorId":92423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fermanich, Kevin 0000-0002-5354-2941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-2941","contributorId":63945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fermanich","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35036,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Green Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005090,"text":"70005090 - 2011 - What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:25:50","indexId":"70005090","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","docAbstract":"<p>Natural clays have been used in ancient and modern medicine, but the mechanism(s) that make certain clays lethal against bacterial pathogens has not been identified. We have compared the depositional environments, mineralogies, and chemistries of clays that exhibit antibacterial effects on a broad spectrum of human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains. Natural antibacterial clays contain nanoscale (<200 nm), illite-smectite and reduced iron phases. The role of clay minerals in the bactericidal process is to buffer the aqueous pH and oxidation state to conditions that promote Fe<sup>2+</sup> solubility.</p>\n<p>Chemical analyses of <i>E. coli</i> killed by aqueous leachates of an antibacterial clay show that intracellular concentrations of Fe and P are elevated relative to controls. Phosphorus uptake by the cells supports a regulatory role of polyphosphate or phospholipids in controlling Fe<i>2+</i>. Fenton reaction products can degrade critical cell components, but we deduce that extracellular processes do not cause cell death. Rather, Fe<i>2+</i> overwhelms outer membrane regulatory proteins and is oxidized when it enters the cell, precipitating Fe<i>3+</i> and producing lethal hydroxyl radicals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es1040688","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.B., Metge, D.W., Eberl, D.D., Harvey, R.W., Turner, A.G., Prapaipong, P., and Port-Peterson, A.T., 2011, What makes a natural clay antibacterial?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1040688.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3126108","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd042e4b08c986b32ed63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lynda B.","contributorId":28007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turner, Amanda G.","contributorId":57206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prapaipong, Panjai","contributorId":41138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prapaipong","given":"Panjai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Port-Peterson, Amisha T.","contributorId":34261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Port-Peterson","given":"Amisha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70006311,"text":"70006311 - 2011 - An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead&ndash;zinc mine and mill complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:23:20","indexId":"70006311","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead&ndash;zinc mine and mill complex","docAbstract":"Surface water samples were collected in 2006 from a lead mine-mill complex in Missouri to investigate possible organic compounds coming from the milling process. Water samples contained relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; greater than 20 mg/l) for surface waters but were colorless, implying a lack of naturally occurring aquatic humic or fulvic acids. Samples were extracted by three different types of solid-phase extraction and analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Because large amounts of xanthate complexation reagents are used in the milling process, techniques were developed to extract and analyze for sodium isopropyl xanthate and sodium ethyl xanthate. Although these xanthate reagents were not found, trace amounts of the degradates, isopropyl xanthyl thiosulfonate and isopropyl xanthyl sulfonate, were found in most locations sampled, including the tailings pond downstream. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, a surfactant and process filtering aid, was found at concentrations estimated at 350 &mu;g/l at one mill outlet, but not downstream. Release of these organic compounds downstream from lead-zinc mine and milling areas has not previously been reported. A majority of the DOC remains unidentified.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C.E., Schmitt, C.J., Schumacher, J., and Leiker, T.J., 2011, An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead&ndash;zinc mine and mill complex: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 217, no. 1-4, p. 431-443, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70003694,"text":"70003694 - 2011 - Using digital photography to examine grazing in montane meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T23:46:31","indexId":"70003694","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using digital photography to examine grazing in montane meadows","docAbstract":"Cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>) numbers on national forests are allocated based on allotment grazing capacity, but spatial patterns of timing and density at smaller scales are difficult to assess. However, it is often in meadows or riparian areas that grazing may affect hydrology, biodiversity, and other important ecosystem characteristics. To explore real-time animal presence in montane meadows we distributed 18 digital cameras across nine sites in the Sierra National Forest, California. Our objectives were to document seasonal and diurnal presence of both cattle and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>), identify the effects of three fencing treatments on animal distribution, and test digital photography as a tool for documenting cattle presence. We recorded 409 399 images during daylight hours for two grazing seasons, and we identified 5 084 and 24 482 cattle \"marks\" (instances of animal occurrence) in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Deer presence was much lower, with 331 marks in 2006 and 598 in 2007. Morning cattle presence was highest before 0800 hours both years (13.7% and 15.4% of total marks for 2006 and 2007, respectively). Marks decreased until 1100 hours and then increased around 1400 hours and remained relatively stable until 1900 hours. Marks then rose precipitously, with >20% of total marks recorded after 1900 hours both years. Deer presence was less than 10% per hour until 1800 hours, when >20% of total marks were recorded after this time both years. Among treatments, cattle marks were highest outside fences at partially fenced meadows, and deer were highest within completely fenced meadows. Our experience suggests that cameras are not viable tools for meadow monitoring due to variation captured within meadows and the time and effort involved in image processing and review.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Wheat Ridge, CO","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-09-00130.1","usgsCitation":"McIlroy, S., Allen-Diaz, B.H., and Berg, A.C., 2011, Using digital photography to examine grazing in montane meadows: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-09-00130.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"9","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474776,"rank":101,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642857","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-09-00130.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc046e4b08c986b32a022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K.","contributorId":30362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlroy","given":"Susan K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen-Diaz, Barbara H.","contributorId":73750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen-Diaz","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berg, Alexander C.","contributorId":27610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007134,"text":"sir20115203 - 2011 - Improvement in precipitation-runoff model simulations by recalibration with basin-specific data, and subsequent model applications, Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5203","title":"Improvement in precipitation-runoff model simulations by recalibration with basin-specific data, and subsequent model applications, Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"Water-resource managers in Onondaga County, New York, are faced with the challenge of improving the water quality of Onondaga Lake, which has the distinction of being one of the most contaminated lakes in the United States. To assist in this endeavor, during 2003-07 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership, developed a precipitation-runoff model of the 285-square-mile Onondaga Lake Basin with the computer program Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF). The model was intended to provide a tool whereby the processes responsible for the generation of loads of sediment and nutrients that are transported to Onondaga Lake could be better understood. This objective was only partly attained because data for calibration of the model were available from monitoring sites only at or near the mouths of the major tributaries to Onondaga Lake; no calibration data from headwater subbasins, where the loads originated, were available. To address this limitation and thereby decrease the uncertainty in the simulated results that were associated with headwater processes, the USGS conducted a 3-year (2005-08) basinwide study to assess the quality of surface water in the Onondaga Lake Basin. The study quantified the relative contributions of nonpoint sources associated with the major land uses and land covers in the basin and also monitored known sources and presumed sinks of sediment and nutrient loads, which previously had not been evaluated. The use of the newly acquired data to recalibrate the HSPF model resulted in improvements in the simulation of processes in the headwater subbasins, including suspended-sediment, orthophosphate, and phosphorus generation and transport.\nSimulation of streamflows in small subbasins was improved by adjusting model parameter values to match base flows, storm peaks, and storm recessions more precisely than had been done with the original model. Simulated recessional and low flows were either increased or decreased as appropriate for a given stream, and simulated peak flows generally were lowered in the revised model. The use of suspended-sediment concentrations rather than concentrations of the surrogate constituent, total suspended solids, resulted in increases in the simulated low-flow sediment concentrations and, in most cases, decreases in the simulated peak-flow sediment concentrations. Simulated orthophosphate concentrations in base flows generally increased but decreased for peak flows in selected headwater subbasins in the revised model. Compared with the original model, phosphorus concentrations simulated by the revised model were comparable in forested subbasins, generally decreased in developed and wetland-dominated subbasins, and increased in agricultural subbasins. A final revision to the model was made by the addition of the simulation of chloride (salt) concentrations in the Onondaga Creek Basin to help water-resource managers better understand the relative contributions of salt from multiple sources in this particular tributary. The calibrated revised model was used to (1) compute loading rates for the various land types that were simulated in the model, (2) conduct a watershed-management analysis that estimated the portion of the total load that was likely to be transported to Onondaga Lake from each of the modeled subbasins, (3) compute and assess chloride loads to Onondaga Lake from the Onondaga Creek Basin, and (4) simulate precolonization (forested) conditions in the basin to estimate the probable minimum phosphorus loads to the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 2011, Improvement in precipitation-runoff model simulations by recalibration with basin-specific data, and subsequent model applications, Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5203, x, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115203.","productDescription":"x, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5203.gif"},{"id":112501,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New York","county":"Onondaga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,42.7 ], [ -76.5,43.166666666666664 ], [ -75.96666666666667,43.166666666666664 ], [ -75.96666666666667,42.7 ], [ -76.5,42.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3969e4b0c8380cd618f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005313,"text":"70005313 - 2011 - Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport in laboratory column experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T14:57:19.94641","indexId":"70005313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport in laboratory column experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the 300 Area of a U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Hanford, Washington, USA, inorganic carbon and major cations, which have large impacts on U(VI) transport, change on an hourly and seasonal basis near the Columbia River. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the factors controlling U(VI) adsorption/desorption by changing chemical conditions over time. Low alkalinity and low Ca concentrations (Columbia River water) enhanced adsorption and reduced aqueous concentrations. Conversely, high alkalinity and high Ca concentrations (Hanford groundwater) reduced adsorption and increased aqueous concentrations of U(VI). An equilibrium surface complexation model calibrated using laboratory batch experiments accounted for the decrease in U(VI) adsorption observed with increasing (bi)carbonate concentrations and other aqueous chemical conditions. In the column experiment, alternating pulses of river and groundwater caused swings in aqueous U(VI) concentration. A multispecies multirate surface complexation reactive transport model simulated most of the major U(VI) changes in two column experiments. The modeling results also indicated that U(VI) transport in the studied sediment could be simulated by using a single kinetic rate without loss of accuracy in the simulations. Moreover, the capability of the model to predict U(VI) transport in Hanford groundwater under transient chemical conditions depends significantly on the knowledge of real-time change of local groundwater chemistry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009369","usgsCitation":"Yin, J., Haggerty, R., Stoliker, D., Kent, D.B., Istok, J.D., Greskowiak, J., and Zachara, J.M., 2011, Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport in laboratory column experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 4, W04502, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009369.","productDescription":"W04502, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Benton 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Jun","contributorId":88491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":102631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoliker, Deborah L. dlstoliker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoliker","given":"Deborah L.","email":"dlstoliker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greskowiak, Janek","contributorId":108254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greskowiak","given":"Janek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003569,"text":"70003569 - 2011 - Towards identifying the next generation of superfund and hazardous waste site contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:30:43.916232","indexId":"70003569","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-12T17:31:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards identifying the next generation of superfund and hazardous waste site contaminants","docAbstract":"<p><b>Background</b> This commentary evolved from a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences titled \"Superfund Contaminants: The Next Generation\" held in Tucson, Arizona, in August 2009. All the authors were workshop participants.</p>\n<p><b>Objectives</b> Our aim was to initiate a dynamic, adaptable process for identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that are likely to be found in future hazardous waste sites, and to identify the gaps in primary research that cause uncertainty in determining future hazardous waste site contaminants.</p>\n<p><b>Discussion</b> Superfund-relevant CECs can be characterized by specific attributes: They are persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, occur in large quantities, and have localized accumulation with a likelihood of exposure. Although still under development and incompletely applied, methods to quantify these attributes can assist in winnowing down the list of candidates from the universe of potential CECs. Unfortunately, significant research gaps exist in detection and quantification, environmental fate and transport, health and risk assessment, and site exploration and remediation for CECs. Addressing these gaps is prerequisite to a preventive approach to generating and managing hazardous waste sites.</p>\n<p><b>Conclusions</b> A need exists for a carefully considered and orchestrated expansion of programmatic and research efforts to identify, evaluate, and manage CECs of hazardous waste site relevance, including developing an evolving list of priority CECs, intensifying the identification and monitoring of likely sites of present or future accumulation of CECs, and implementing efforts that focus on a holistic approach to prevention.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.1002497","usgsCitation":"Ela, W.P., Sedlak, D.L., Barlaz, M.A., Henry, H.F., Muir, D.C., Swackhamer, D.L., Weber, E.J., Arnold, R.G., Ferguson, P.L., Field, J.A., Furlong, E.T., Giesy, J.P., Halden, R.U., Henry, T., Hites, R., Hornbuckle, K.C., Howard, P.H., Luthy, R.G., Meyer, A.K., Saez, A.E., vom Saal, F., Vulpe, C.D., and Wiesner, M.R., 2011, Towards identifying the next generation of superfund and hazardous waste site contaminants: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 119, no. 1, p. 6-10, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002497.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":140,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (National Water Quality Laboratory)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002497","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bfe4b08c986b32688f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ela, Wendell P.","contributorId":96543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ela","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedlak, David L.","contributorId":20613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedlak","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlaz, Morton A.","contributorId":68174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlaz","given":"Morton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Heather F.","contributorId":18231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muir, Derek C.G.","contributorId":68679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swackhamer, Deborah L.","contributorId":96544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swackhamer","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weber, Eric J.","contributorId":93345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arnold, Robert G.","contributorId":95336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ferguson, P. Lee","contributorId":24236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Field, Jennifer A.","contributorId":18632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Halden, Rolf U.","contributorId":73865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halden","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Henry, Tala","contributorId":54859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Tala","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hites, Ronald A.","contributorId":97056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hites","given":"Ronald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hornbuckle, Keri C.","contributorId":48040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbuckle","given":"Keri","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Howard, Philip H.","contributorId":73881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Luthy, Richard G.","contributorId":99280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Meyer, Anita K.","contributorId":29275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Saez, A. Eduardo","contributorId":55696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saez","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eduardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"vom Saal, Frederick S.","contributorId":17488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"vom Saal","given":"Frederick S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Vulpe, Chris D.","contributorId":79366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vulpe","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wiesner, Mark R.","contributorId":104777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiesner","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70007093,"text":"sir20115226 - 2011 - Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:15:12","indexId":"sir20115226","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-09T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5226","title":"Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Region Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative, the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, the San Antonio River Authority, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority, and the San Antonio Water System, evaluated the hydrologic effects of ashe juniper (<i>Juniperus ashei</i>) removal as a brush management conservation practice in and adjacent to the Honey Creek State Natural Area in Comal County, Tex. By removing the ashe juniper and allowing native grasses to reestablish in the area as a brush management conservation practice, the hydrology in the watershed might change. Using a simplified mass balance approach of the hydrologic cycle, the incoming rainfall was distributed to surface water runoff, evapotranspiration, or groundwater recharge. After hydrologic data were collected in adjacent watersheds for 3 years, brush management occurred on the treatment watershed while the reference watershed was left in its original condition. Hydrologic data were collected for another 6 years. Hydrologic data include rainfall, streamflow, evapotranspiration, and water quality. Groundwater recharge was not directly measured but potential groundwater recharge was calculated using a simplified mass balance approach. The resulting hydrologic datasets were examined for differences between the watersheds and between pre- and post-treatment periods to assess the effects of brush management. The streamflow to rainfall relation (expressed as event unit runoff to event rainfall relation) did not change between the watersheds during pre- and post-treatment periods. The daily evapotranspiration rates at the reference watershed and treatment watershed sites exhibited a seasonal cycle during the pre- and post-treatment periods, with intra- and interannual variability. Statistical analyses indicate the mean difference in daily evapotranspiration rates between the two watershed sites is greater during the post-treatment than the pre-treatment period. Average annual rainfall, streamflow, evapotranspiration, and potential groundwater-recharge conditions were incorporated into a single hydrologic budget (expressed as a percentage of the average annual rainfall) applied to each watershed before and after treatment to evaluate the effects of brush management. During the post-treatment period, the percent average annual unit runoff in the reference watershed was similar to that in the treatment watershed, however, the difference in percentages of average annual evapotranspiration and potential groundwater recharge were more appreciable between the reference and treatment watersheds than during the pre-treatment period. Using graphical comparisons, no notable differences in major ion or nutrient concentrations were found between samples collected at the reference watershed (site 1C) and treatment watershed (site 2C) during pre- and post-treatment periods. Suspended-sediment loads were calculated from samples collected at sites 1C and 2T. The relation between suspended-sediment loads and streamflow calculated from samples collected from sites 1C and 2T did not exhibit a statistically significant difference during the pre-treatment period, whereas during the post-treatment period, relation between suspended-sediment loads and streamflow did exhibit a statistically significant difference. The suspended-sediment load to streamflow relations indicate that for the same streamflow, the suspended-sediment loads calculated from site 2T were generally less than suspended-sediment loads calculated from site 1C during the post-treatment period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115226","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Region Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative, the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, the San Antonio River Authority, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority, and the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., and Slattery, R.N., 2011, Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5226, viii, 35 p.; Appendices Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115226.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.; Appendices Downloads","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5226.gif"},{"id":112435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek State Natural Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.96666666666667,29.083333333333332 ], [ -98.96666666666667,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,29.083333333333332 ], [ -98.96666666666667,29.083333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a069de4b0c8380cd5132c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007120,"text":"70007120 - 2011 - Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:42:01","indexId":"70007120","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water and emergent vegetation are key features influencing nest site selection and success for many marsh-nesting waterbirds. Wetland management practices such as grazing, burning, and water-level manipulations directly affect these features and can influence nest survival. We used model selection and before-after-control-impact approaches to evaluate the effects of water depth and four common land-management practices or treatments, i.e., summer grazing, fall grazing, fall burning, and idle (no active treatment) on nest survival of American coots (</span><i>Fulica americana</i><span>) nesting at Grays Lake, a large montane wetland in southeast Idaho. The best model included the variables year × treatment, and quadratic functions of date, water depth, and nest age; height of vegetation at the nest did not improve the best model. However, results from the before-after-control-impact analysis indicate that management practices affected nest success via vegetation and involved interactions of hydrology, residual vegetation, and habitat composition. Nest success in idled fields changed little between pre- and post-treatment periods, whereas nest success declined in fields that were grazed or burned, with the most dramatic declines the year following treatments. The importance of water depth may be amplified in this wetland system because of rapid water-level withdrawal during the nesting season. Water and land-use values for area ranchers, management for nesting waterbirds, and long-term wetland function are important considerations in management of water levels and vegetation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00472-060201","usgsCitation":"Austin, J., and Buhl, D., 2011, Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00472-060201.","productDescription":"Article 1; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00472-060201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.49818420410156,\n              42.98857645832184\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.49818420410156,\n              43.14258116631987\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37733459472656,\n              43.14258116631987\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37733459472656,\n              42.98857645832184\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.49818420410156,\n              42.98857645832184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64a3e4b0c8380cd72a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E.","contributorId":43094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":26250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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