Methane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of appropriate land cover datasets for scaling field-measured methane emissions to circumpolar scales has contributed to a large uncertainty for our understanding of present-day and future methane emissions. Here we present the Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD), a land cover dataset based on an expert assessment, extrapolated using random forest modelling from available spatial datasets of climate, topography, soils, permafrost conditions, vegetation, wetlands, and surface water extents and dynamics. In BAWLD, we estimate the fractional coverage of five wetland, seven lake, and three river classes within 0.5 × 0.5∘ grid cells that cover the northern boreal and tundra biomes (17 % of the global land surface). Land cover classes were defined using criteria that ensured distinct methane emissions among classes, as indicated by a co-developed comprehensive dataset of methane flux observations. In BAWLD, wetlands occupied 3.2 × 106 km2 (14 % of domain) with a 95 % confidence interval between 2.8 and 3.8 × 106 km2. Bog, fen, and permafrost bog were the most abundant wetland classes, covering ∼ 28 % each of the total wetland area, while the highest-methane-emitting marsh and tundra wetland classes occupied 5 % and 12 %, respectively. Lakes, defined to include all lentic open-water ecosystems regardless of size, covered 1.4 × 106 km2 (6 % of domain). Low-methane-emitting large lakes (>10 km2) and glacial lakes jointly represented 78 % of the total lake area, while high-emitting peatland and yedoma lakes covered 18 % and 4 %, respectively. Small (<0.1 km2) glacial, peatland, and yedoma lakes combined covered 17 % of the total lake area but contributed disproportionally to the overall spatial uncertainty in lake area with a 95 % confidence interval between 0.15 and 0.38 × 106 km2. Rivers and streams were estimated to cover 0.12 × 106 km2 (0.5 % of domain), of which 8 % was associated with high-methane-emitting headwaters that drain organic-rich landscapes. Distinct combinations of spatially co-occurring wetland and lake classes were identified across the BAWLD domain, allowing for the mapping of “wetscapes” that have characteristic methane emission magnitudes and sensitivities to climate change at regional scales. With BAWLD, we provide a dataset which avoids double-accounting of wetland, lake, and river extents and which includes confidence intervals for each land cover class. As such, BAWLD will be suitable for many hydrological and biogeochemical modelling and upscaling efforts for the northern boreal and arctic region, in particular those aimed at improving assessments of current and future methane emissions. Data are freely available at https://doi.org/10.18739/A2C824F9X (Olefeldt et al., 2021).
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021","usgsCitation":"Olefeldt, D., Hovemyr, M., Kuhn, M., Bastviken, D., Bohn, T., Connolly, J., Crill, P., Euskirchen, E., Finkelstein, S., Genet, H., Grosse, G., Harris, L., Heffernan, L., Helbig, M., Hugelium, G., Hutchins, R., Juutinen, S., Lara, M., Malhotra, A., Manies, K.L., McGuire, A., Natali, S., O’Donnell, J.A., Parmentier, F., Rasanen, A., Schaedel, C., Sonnentag, O., Strack, M., Tank, S., Treat, C., Varner, R., Virtanen, T., Watts, J., and Warren, R., 2021, The Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD): Earth System Science Data, v. 13, p. 5127-5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5127","endPage":"5149","ipdsId":"IP-129170","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":400379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":169408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":32365,"text":"Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hovemyr, Mikael","contributorId":291509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovemyr","given":"Mikael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuhn, M.A.","contributorId":291510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bastviken, D","contributorId":264953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastviken","given":"D","affiliations":[{"id":54595,"text":"Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bohn, T.J.","contributorId":291513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohn","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connolly, J.","contributorId":291515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connolly","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crill, P.M.","contributorId":248742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crill","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[{"id":49996,"text":"Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":216778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Finkelstein, S.A.","contributorId":257296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Genet, H.","contributorId":291521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genet","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":192805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Harris, L.I.","contributorId":291522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Heffernan, L.","contributorId":291524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heffernan","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Helbig, M.","contributorId":169378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helbig","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25485,"text":"Université de Montréal, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hugelium, G.","contributorId":291527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hugelium","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hutchins, R.","contributorId":291530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchins","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Juutinen, S.","contributorId":257303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juutinen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lara, M.J.","contributorId":291534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lara","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Malhotra, A.","contributorId":291536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malhotra","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McGuire, A.D.","contributorId":199633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Natali, S.M.","contributorId":291541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natali","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"O’Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":195376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Parmentier, F-J.W.","contributorId":291544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parmentier","given":"F-J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Rasanen, A.","contributorId":291546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasanen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Schaedel, C.","contributorId":291547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaedel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sonnentag, O.","contributorId":257322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnentag","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Strack, M.","contributorId":291552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strack","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Tank, S.E.","contributorId":169370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Treat, C. C.","contributorId":257236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[{"id":51984,"text":"University of Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Varner, R.K.","contributorId":291557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varner","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Virtanen, T.","contributorId":291558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Virtanen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Watts, J.D.","contributorId":291559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Warren, R.K.","contributorId":291562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70225637,"text":"sir20215099 - 2021 - Regression models for estimating sediment, nutrient concentrations and loads at School Branch at Brownsburg, Indiana, June 2015 through February 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T11:03:38.802132","indexId":"sir20215099","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-04T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5099","displayTitle":"Regression Models for Estimating Sediment, Nutrient Concentrations and Loads at School Branch at Brownsburg, Indiana, June 2015 through February 2019","title":"Regression models for estimating sediment, nutrient concentrations and loads at School Branch at Brownsburg, Indiana, June 2015 through February 2019","docAbstract":"Sediment and nutrient transport in the School Branch watershed (in central Indiana west of Indianapolis) is considered to be heavily affected by agricultural land use throughout the watershed. In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, deployed continuous water-quality monitors and began collecting discrete water-quality samples at the streamflow-gaging station School Branch at CR750N at Brownsburg, Indiana (U.S. Geological Survey station 03353420). Regression models that estimate concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were developed by relating streamflow and continuously monitored water-quality data to concentrations measured in discrete water-quality samples collected from June 2015 through February 2019. Regression model diagnostics indicated that streamflow and sensor-measured turbidity concentrations explained about 95 percent of the variation in suspended-sediment concentration and 73 percent of the variation in total phosphorus concentration. Similarly, streamflow and sensor-measured nitrate plus nitrite concentrations explained about 97 percent of the variation in total nitrogen concentrations.
Daily loads of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were computed from regression model concentrations and instantaneous streamflow. The estimated mean daily suspended-sediment discharge (June 2015 through February 2019) was 1.184 tons per day; the estimated median suspended-sediment discharge was 0.053 tons per day. The estimated mean daily total nitrogen discharge (June 2015 through February 2019) was 127.50 pounds per day; the estimated median total nitrogen discharge was 28.49 pounds per day. The estimated mean daily total phosphorus discharge (June 2015 through February 2019) was 12.08 pounds per day; the estimated median total-phosphorus discharge was 1.208 pounds per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Downhour, M.S., Bunch, A.R., and Lathrop, T.R., 2021, Regression models for estimating sediment, nutrient concentrations and loads at School Branch at Brownsburg, Indiana, June 2015 through February 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5099, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215099.","productDescription":"Report: v, 14 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119874","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391136,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":391135,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWNBAQ","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data and regression model for suspended sediment for School Branch at CR750N at Brownsburg, Indiana June 23, 2015, to February 6, 2019"},{"id":391133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5099/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":391134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5099/sir20215099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5099"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.44866943359375,\n 39.81170080625297\n ],\n [\n -86.23306274414062,\n 39.81170080625297\n ],\n [\n -86.23306274414062,\n 40.01604611654875\n ],\n [\n -86.44866943359375,\n 40.01604611654875\n ],\n [\n -86.44866943359375,\n 39.81170080625297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–415
Denver, CO 80225–0046
The Partridge River Basin (PRB) covers 156 square miles in northeastern Minnesota with headwaters in the Mesabi Iron Range. The basin is characterized by extensive wetlands, lakes, and streams in poorly drained and often thin glacial material overlying Proterozoic bedrock. To better understand the interaction between these extensive surface water features and the groundwater system, a three-dimensional, steady-state, groundwater-flow model of the PRB was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission using the finite-difference computer code MODFLOW-NWT. The model simulates steady-state base flow in streams and groundwater interactions using the streamflow routing (SFR2) package. Existing mining features including tailings basins, stockpiles, pumped mine pits, and flooded mine pits were simulated using either high hydraulic conductivity zones or the drain (DRN) package. The unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package was used to better represent the groundwater system in areas with a high water table and for wetlands often associated with such areas. UZF typically is used to represent unsaturated zone processes but also can simulate the rejection of recharge and groundwater discharge to the land surface when the water table is near land surface. The steady-state model used data from the 2011 to 2013 period when 2011 high-resolution land surface (light detecting and ranging [lidar]) data were available that reflected land-surface and water elevations from mining activity in the basin. The parameter-estimation software suite PEST_HP was used to obtain a best fit of the modeled to measured groundwater levels, streamflow, pit inflow rates, and mapped peat deposits. The PEST calibration used the target residuals from two models with the same model parameters and targets from two separate periods: (1) a 1995–2015 calibration model, which provided a larger number of calibration targets, and (2) a 2011–2013 mining conditions model, which included calibration targets that reflected conditions consistent with the modeled mine-workings topography.
Calibration of the PRB model resulted in ranges of glacial horizontal hydraulic conductivity parameters that generally agreed with literature values and other models of the region. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock was higher in the upper bedrock layers where numerous and continuous fractures have been observed and lower in the deeper bedrock layers. Average basin-wide calibrated infiltration was 5.3 inches per year. An average of 4.6 inches per year of infiltration crosses the water table and becomes recharge and 0.7 inch per year is rejected by UZF due to saturated conditions at the land surface. Simulated groundwater runoff (the sum of rejected recharge and groundwater seepage to the land surface) can either be routed to streams or removed from the model as evapotranspiration. The calibrated model indicates relatively shallow groundwater-flow paths dominating and approximately 50 percent of the stream base flow coming from groundwater runoff.
The 2011–2013 mining conditions model was then used to develop five model scenarios simulating the response of the groundwater and surface-water system to potential hydrologic stress. The purpose of these mine pit scenarios is to present a possible workflow to quantify a model’s uncertainty for a given model forecast and serve as a possible guide for initial data collection that may improve a future model’s ability to make such a forecast. The scenarios included one scenario with the currently existing Peter Mitchell pit at final buildout and flooded to an elevation of 1,500 feet, and four scenarios with a hypothetical, new mine pit plus the flooded Peter Mitchell at final buildout. The five model scenarios were used to forecast streamflow at six locations in the PRB, pit inflow rates for the new mine pits and the flooded Peter Mitchell pit, and the average depth to water in 12 wetlands. A linear uncertainty analysis was performed using information from the PEST calibration and tools in the PyEMU python package to assess model uncertainty propagation to the model forecasts. Streamflows generally were reduced with future mining and the greatest streamflow reductions occurred from the flooded Peter Mitchell Pit, probably due to its large size. Average depth to groundwater in wetlands was most affected the closer the wetland was to a new mine pit.
Linear uncertainty methods were also used to evaluate data worth, which is the ability for potential new groundwater elevation observations to reduce the uncertainty in scenario forecasts. Data worth was performed for a grid of new hydraulic head observations. Overall, areas with nonnegligible data worth generally corresponded to wetland areas with no groundwater seepage to land surface from UZF. These model behaviors indicated that the land-surface boundary condition simulated by the UZF package was pinning the groundwater elevations to the land surface in areas with groundwater seepage (33 percent of the 2011–2013 base conditions model) such that the sensitivity to new observations in these areas was minimal. Therefore, representing wetlands as boundary conditions minimized the usefulness of data worth calculations because wetland areas were present over a large part of the model domain.
Probabilistic capture zones were estimated for each of the mines in the model scenarios. A capture zone represents the area contributing recharge to a model feature, like a well or a mine pit, and can be calculated by forward tracking particles from the water table. By using Monte Carlo techniques, it is possible to generate estimated capture zones that include the probability of recharge capture given the uncertainty present in the model. Monte Carlo techniques use randomly generated model parameter sets sampled from a plausible parameter range to create many possible realizations. The resulting capture zone arrays were calculated by tallying the total number of realizations in which a particle from a model cell was captured by the feature. Probabilities from the Monte Carlo runs ranged from 1 (captured in 100 percent of the runs) near the pits to 0 (captured in 0 percent of the runs) at the edges of the capture zone. Capture zones were not always spatially continuous; for example, the capture zone for the proposed mine pits south of the flooded Peter Mitchell pit was discontinuous with capture surrounding the proposed mine pit and north of the flooded Peter Mitchell pit. This northern section represents deeper groundwater flow paths that originate in the topographic high, move under the flooded pit, and discharge into the proposed pit. This pattern of capture indicates the possibility of some deeper flow through the upper fractured bedrock when the shallow groundwater flow system is modified. These results underscore that future site-specific applications of the base condition model require the input of site-specific data and recalibration to focus on the site of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission","usgsCitation":"Haserodt, M.J., Hunt, R.J., Fienen, M.N., and Feinstein, D.T., 2021, Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Partridge River Basin and evaluation of hypothetical future mine pits, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5038, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215038.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 87 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123210","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391131,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5038/sir20215038.xml","text":"Report xml","size":"277 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2021–5038 xml"},{"id":391130,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":391132,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5038/images"},{"id":391129,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VODOU8","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT and MODPATH models, capture zones and uncertainty data analysis for the Partridge River Basin, Minnesota"},{"id":391127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":391128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5038/sir20215038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"69.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5038"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Partridge River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.4\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive,
Madison, WI 53726
As the site of the first permanent English settlement in North America in 1607, Jamestown Island, Colonial National Historical Park (COLO), Virginia, contains a rich archaeological record that extends from the Paleoindian period (15,000 to 8,000 years ago) through the 20th century. The island is located on the lower James River near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Jamestown Island vegetation is dominated by upland forests surrounded by tidal, freshwater-to-oligohaline marshes. Along the Virginia coast, relative sea-level rise was more than 2.5 times the global average during the 20th century. Consequently, the National Park Service (NPS) has identified COLO as one of the 25 national parks most threatened by climate change.
Surface waters across the island are hydraulically connected to the laterally continuous Surficial aquifer. The land-surface altitude of the island is low, with two-thirds of the island less than 5 feet (ft) above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Consequently, sea-level rise, combined with tides and storm surges, threatens the island and its resources as surface-water and groundwater levels rise, saltwater enters the Surficial aquifer, and groundwater chemistry changes. The impact of sea-level rise on the island’s surface-water resources has been well studied, but groundwater effects have been largely ignored. Quantifying the effects of tides, storm surges, and sea-level rise on groundwater levels and chemistry is essential to developing an effective strategy for managing climate-induced changes. The first step in developing a response strategy includes a parkwide general risk assessment for archaeological sites on the island, so that sites can be prioritized for management actions. The U.S. Geological Survey and the NPS began a study in 2015 to develop a long-term groundwater-monitoring program to evaluate this risk and to develop an updated management strategy.
The groundwater-monitoring program consists of 45 wells and piezometers in two individual clusters and three transects across the island in different hydrologic and chemical settings. Samples for water quality were collected from the wells and piezometers from October 2015 through September 2018 at variable time intervals. Results of the monitoring identified disparate hydrologic and chemical responses to saltwater intrusion across the island. Specific conductance (an indicator of salinity) of groundwater beneath several marshes responded differently to changes in James River salinity. Groundwater response to changes in James River specific conductance appeared to be controlled by land-surface altitude and slope, differences in lateral and vertical sediment characteristics, distance from surface waters, and the degree of surface water/groundwater connectivity between channels and the aquifer.
Groundwater chemistry data from monitoring wells at Black Point, a low-altitude, upland setting, are in contrast with conditions observed in Island House observation wells, a high-altitude, upland setting. Specific conductance (less than 200 microsiemens per centimeter [μS/cm]) and pH (greater than 5.0) of groundwater beneath much of the uplands that characterize the Island House observation wells are typical of groundwater in noncarbonate sedimentary aquifers recharged by precipitation. At Black Point, specific conductance ranged from 2,490 to 15,200 μS/cm, and pH ranged from 3.1 to 6.6 standard units. At the Black Point observation wells, the most saline and dense water was at the water table rather than deeper in the aquifer, causing a density inversion that persisted throughout the study. The density inversion likely resulted from differences in permeability between the shallow clay and fine-grained sands and the deeper coarse-grained sand and gravel. Groundwater with the lowest pH was at the water table. As saline groundwater flows through organic sediment beneath the marshes, bacterial biodegradation of organic matter creates anoxic conditions. Continued biodegradation concomitantly reduces iron-oxide minerals in the sediment and sulfate in saline water. When oxygen is reintroduced into groundwater, iron and sulfur can reoxidize to form sulfuric acid, locally lowering the pH of the water.
This report describes the groundwater monitoring network design, rationale for site selection, monitoring approach, and results of monitoring from October 2015 through September 2018. Maps of inundation at selected water-level altitudes are included to identify the risk to archaeological, cultural, and ecological resources. The monitoring results of the hydrology and chemistry data are interpreted, and the different hydrologic and chemical settings are described. The implications of the study results for management decisions are presented, and suggestions for improving the monitoring network are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K.J., Rice, K.C., Rickles, E., Frederick, D., Cramer, J., and Geyer, D., 2021, Groundwater hydrology and chemistry of Jamestown Island, Virginia—Potential effects of tides, storm surges, and sea-level rise on archaeological, cultural, and ecological resources: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5117, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215117.","productDescription":"Report: x, 50 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-115948","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K7X61F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field parameters and water levels from monitoring sites at Jamestown Island, Virginia, 2016 - 2018"},{"id":391336,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5117/sir20215117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5117"},{"id":391335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5117/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Jamestown Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.86309814453125,\n 37.16797725379289\n ],\n [\n -76.48544311523436,\n 37.16797725379289\n ],\n [\n -76.48544311523436,\n 37.36033397019125\n ],\n [\n -76.86309814453125,\n 37.36033397019125\n ],\n [\n -76.86309814453125,\n 37.16797725379289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
Many aquatic species in the arid USA-Mexico borderlands region are imperiled, but limited information on distributions and threats often hinders management. To provide information on the distribution of the Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium), including the USA-federally endangered Sonoran Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi), we used traditional (seines, dip-nets) and modern (environmental DNA [eDNA]) methods to sample 91 waterbodies in northern Sonora, Mexico, during 2015-2018. The endemic Sonoran Tiger Salamander is threatened by introgressive hybridization and potential replacement by another sub-species of the Western Tiger Salamander, the non-native Barred Tiger Salamander (A. m. mavortium). Based on occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection, eDNA sampling provided a similar detection probability (0.82 [95% CI: 0.56-0.94]) as seining (0.83 [0.46-0.96]) and much higher detection than dip-netting (0.09 [0.02-0.23]). Volume of water filtered had little effect on detection, possibly because turbid sites had greater densities of salamanders. Salamanders were estimated to occur at 51 sites in 3 river drainages in Sonora. These results indicate tiger salamanders are much more widespread in northern Sonora than previously documented, perhaps aided by changes in land and water management practices. However, because the two subspecies of salamanders cannot be reliably distinguished based on morphology or eDNA methods that are based on mitochondrial DNA, we are uncertain if we detected only native genotypes or if we documented recent invasion of the area by the non-native sub-species. Thus, there is an urgent need for methods to reliably distinguish the subspecies so managers can identify appropriate interventions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10072","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Lemos-Espinal, J.A., Sigafus, B., Muths, E., Carreon Arroyo, G., Toyos Martinez, D., Hurtado Felix, D., Molina Padilla, G., Goldberg, C., Jones, T.R., Sredl, M.J., Chambert, T., and Rorabaugh, J.C., 2021, Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: Comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 43, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10072.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-108340","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Distribution_of_tiger_salamanders_in_northern_Sonora_Mexico_comparison_of_sampling_methods_and_possible_implications_for_an_endangered_subspecies/16802188","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -108.80859375,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -113.15917968749999,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 30.524413269923986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.","contributorId":237891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemos-Espinal","given":"Julio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":47636,"text":"FES Iztacala UNAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":264740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":245922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carreon Arroyo, Gerardo","contributorId":289549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carreon Arroyo","given":"Gerardo","affiliations":[{"id":62189,"text":"Naturalia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toyos Martinez, Daniel","contributorId":167619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toyos Martinez","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24783,"text":"Naturalia, A.C., El Cajon # 9 Col., Santa Fe, C.P. 83249, Hermosillo, Sonora 83299, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hurtado Felix, David","contributorId":289550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurtado Felix","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Molina Padilla, Guillermo","contributorId":289551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina Padilla","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37275,"text":"none","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":289552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren S.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jones, T. R.","contributorId":289553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":54870,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Dept","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sredl, M. J.","contributorId":289554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sredl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":54870,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Dept","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chambert, Thierry 0000-0002-9450-9080 tchambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-9080","contributorId":191979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambert","given":"Thierry","email":"tchambert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rorabaugh, J. C.","contributorId":289555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rorabaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70225712,"text":"70225712 - 2021 - Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T14:03:24.155896","indexId":"70225712","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-03T08:55:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs","docAbstract":"Observational data of coastal change over much of the Arctic are limited largely due to its immensity, remoteness, harsh environment, and restricted periods of sunlight and ice-free conditions. Barter Island, Alaska, is one of the few locations where an extensive, observational dataset exists, which enables a detailed assessment of the trends and patterns of coastal change over decadal to annual time scales. Coastal bluff and shoreline positions were delineated from maps, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery acquired between 1947 and 2020, and at a nearly annual rate since 2004. Rates and patterns of shoreline and bluff change varied widely over the observational period. Shorelines showed a consistent trend of southerly erosion and westerly extension of the western termini of Barter Island and Bernard Spit, which has accelerated since at least 2000. The 3.2 km long stretch of ocean-exposed coastal permafrost bluffs retreated on average 114 m and at a maximum of 163 m at an average long-term rate (70 year) of 1.6 ± 0.1 m/yr. The long-term retreat rate was punctuated by individual years with retreat rates up to four times higher (6.6 ± 1.9 m/yr; 2012–2013) and both long-term (multidecadal) and short-term (annual to semiannual) rates showed a steady increase in retreat rates through time, with consistently high rates since 2015. A best-fit polynomial trend indicated acceleration in retreat rates that was independent of the large spatial and temporal variations observed on an annual basis. Rates and patterns of bluff retreat were correlated to incident wave energy and air and water temperatures. Wave energy was found to be the dominant driver of bluff retreat, followed by sea surface temperatures and warming air temperatures that are considered proxies for evaluating thermo-erosion and denudation. Normalized anomalies of cumulative wave energy, duration of open water, and air and sea temperature showed at least three distinct phases since 1979: a negative phase prior to 1987, a mixed phase between 1987 and the early to late 2000s, followed by a positive phase extending to 2020. The duration of the open-water season has tripled since 1979, increasing from approximately 40 to 140 days. Acceleration in retreat rates at Barter Island may be related to increases in both thermodenudation, associated with increasing air temperature, and the number of niche-forming and block-collapsing episodes associated with higher air and water temperature, more frequent storms, and longer ice-free conditions in the Beaufort Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13214420","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Erikson, L.H., Jones, B., Richmond, B., and Engelstad, A.C., 2021, Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 21, 4420, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214420.","productDescription":"4420, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127799","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214420","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Barter Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.08547429861382\n ],\n [\n -143.4814453125,\n 70.08547429861382\n ],\n [\n -143.4814453125,\n 70.1478274118401\n ],\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.1478274118401\n ],\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.08547429861382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":208625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin M.","affiliations":[{"id":37848,"text":"Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":826382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":268302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce M.","affiliations":[{"id":55619,"text":"USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (emeritus, dec.)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":268303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226448,"text":"70226448 - 2021 - Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Asian fish tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) [syn. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T13:05:42.128647","indexId":"70226448","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-03T07:04:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Asian fish tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) [syn. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi]","docAbstract":"The Asian fish tapeworm (Schyzocotyle acheilognathi syn. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) (AFT) is an invasive parasite that can infect many species of fish, although most hosts are primarily members of Cyprinidae. Pathogenicity has most often been reported in aquaculture settings in fry and fingerling stages of carp (Cyprinus spp.). More recently, it has been shown to cause growth retardation in the endangered bonytail chub (Gila elegans) and found to be widespread in populations of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. AFT spreads most often through the transport of infected fish, particularly baitfish. Despite its harmful potential, there is no efficient or accurate ante mortem test to detect AFT in water or fish samples before transport. Herein, we report on the development of a sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect the parasite in under 30 min from laboratory prepared samples. Six LAMP primers were designed to amplify a variable region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene in AFT with the detection and quantification of DNA on a real-time fluorometer. The limit of detection was 1 × 101 copies/µl of DNA extracted from as few as 2 AFT eggs. Future application of our assay would be a low-cost test to rapidly and accurately detect AFT DNA from environmental samples on-site so that preventive actions can be taken to halt the spread of the AFT through the movement of infected fish.
While recording fish habitat use by electronic sensors, biologgers can also be viewed as autonomous environmental monitoring systems with the organism as a vehicle. This dual perspective has provided novel results from marine ecosystems, but has not been applied to freshwater ecosystems. To understand limitations in fresh water, we evaluated miniature depth and temperature recorders as aquatic monitoring systems in a Laurentian Great Lake: Erie. As part of an acoustic telemetry study, biologgers were opportunistically implanted in a subsample of walleye Sander vitreus. Biologgers recorded temperature and depth at half-hour intervals for up to 1 year. Recaptures provided six biologgers for analysis of seasonal temperature patterns and lake stratification, key variables for understanding dimictic lakes. Depth-resolved temperature patterns showed close correspondence with independent weather buoy measurements. Because the buoy was deployed late in the season, biologger data provided improved estimates of the start of stratification, which had important implications for understanding development of hypoxia in the hypolimnion. Drawbacks to biologger data included imprecise knowledge of fish location and reliance on tag recoveries from the fishery. Optimistically, our results show how biologgers could be part of a monitoring approach that integrates limnological surveys with fisheries science.
The Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin located mainly in the semi-arid headwaters of the Santa Margarita River watershed in southern California is the principle source of groundwater for a rural disadvantaged community and two Native American Tribes, the Ramona Band of Cahuilla and the Cahuilla. Groundwater in the study area is derived entirely from precipitation and managing groundwater sustainably requires an accurate assessment of the water balance components, yet long-term estimates do not exist. Demand for groundwater in the region has increased and groundwater quality has decreased due to population growth and increased irrigated cropland. To characterize monthly long-term natural recharge and runoff estimates, a physically-based water balance model (Basin Characterization Model) was locally calibrated and validated using nearby streamgages and published estimates of climatic and hydrologic variables. The average modeled annual recharge and runoff from 1981 to 2010 was 5.4 × 106 and 1.2 × 107 m3, respectively, for the study area. Recharge and runoff do not reliably occur in large amounts every year and recharge rarely occurs in the groundwater basin footprint. These long-term estimates can be used by water managers, stakeholders, and Native American Tribes to develop plans for sustainable management of future water resources, and as inputs to a three-dimensional groundwater model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12971","usgsCitation":"Stern, M.A., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Christensen, A.H., 2021, A basin-scale approach to estimating recharge in the desert: Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin, CA: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 57, no. 6, p. 990-1003, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12971.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1003","ipdsId":"IP-119217","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12971","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BAMCP4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) monthly recharge and runoff for the Anza-Cahuilla Groundwater Basin, California"},{"id":391385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.3333\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 33.3333\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, Michelle A. 0000-0003-3030-7065 mstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-7065","contributorId":4244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Michelle","email":"mstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048926,"text":"sim3143 - 2021 - Geologic map of the State of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T15:48:34.21696","indexId":"sim3143","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-02T08:01:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3143","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of the State of Hawaiʻi","title":"Geologic map of the State of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This geologic map and its digital databases present the geology of the eight major islands of the State of Hawaiʻi. The map should serve as a useful guide to anyone studying the geologic setting and history of Hawai‘i, including ground- and surface-water resources, economic deposits, and landslide or volcanic hazards. Its presentation in digital format allows the rapid application of geologic knowledge when conducting field work; analyzing land-use or engineering problems; studying onshore or nearshore biologic communities; or simply understanding the relation between the geology, scenery, and cultural history of the Hawaiian paradise.
The map includes a Description of Map Units, which describes the lithologic characteristics and distribution of the geologic deposits. A Correlation of Map Units shows how the different geologic formations are related to each other stratigraphically. A fairly complete geospatial database of the radiometric ages and geochemical analyses has been compiled from findings published over the past 100 years by numerous Earth scientists working across the island chain.
Contact HVO
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1266 Kamehameha Avenue
Suite A-8
Hilo, HI 96720
Excess nutrients transported by the Mississippi River (MR) contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Nutrient balances are key drivers to river nutrient loads and represent inputs (fertilizer, manure, deposition, wastewater, N-fixation, and weathering) minus outputs (nutrient uptake and removal in harvest, and N emissions). Here, we quantified annual changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) river loads and nutrient balances at the MR Outlet and documented that the river load response to watershed nutrient balances shifted between 1975 and 2017. Annual nutrient balances and river loads were positively correlated between 1975 and 1985, but after, a disconnect between both the N and P balances and river loads emerged, and the subsequent river load patterns were different for N versus P. We evaluated the relative impacts of legacy nutrients and other latent factors, for which data were not available, on river nutrient load trends. Our analysis showed that in the case of N, latent factors were potentially just as important in explaining changes in river nutrient loads over time as N balances, and in the case of P, they were even more important. We hypothesized that these factors included implementation of best management practices, changes in watershed buffering capacity, the effects of tile drainage, or increased precipitation. Our analytical approach shows promise for the investigation of drivers of water quality trends that are not well-represented in typical national scale geospatial datasets.
Shorebirds wade in shallow waters along shorelines searching for food. More than a million shorebirds visit the San Francisco Estuary each year during their migration to feast on the insects, worms, clams, and crabs that live on or under the surface of the sand or mud. The abundant food in the Estuary provides shorebirds with the energy they need to migrate thousands of kilometers, between their breeding areas in the Arctic and their wintering areas along the Pacific coast of North and South America. Scientists have discovered that, during migration, small species of shorebirds eat a green slime called biofilm that grows on the surface of the mud. Larger shorebirds do not eat biofilm. This article describes how the bills and tongues of small shorebirds help them eat biofilm, what biofilm is, and why biofilm is an important food for those birds during migration.
Improving the probability of detecting invasive giant snakes is vital for the management of emerging or established populations. Burmese pythons occupy thousands of square kilometers of mostly inaccessible habitats in Florida. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been shown to be time and cost effective in a number of systems and may be preferable to traditional detection methods for constrictor snakes, having been shown to be effective at detecting Burmese pythons where traditional and novel detection methods have failed. The purposes of this study were (1) to estimate Burmese python eDNA occurrence in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem based on land-use type; and (2) to conduct preliminary surveys within the Greater Everglades Ecosystem for positive eDNA detections. Twenty-eight sites were sampled in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, with 5 field replicate samples per site, for a total of 140 water samples collected. Python eDNA was detected in samples from 25 of the 28 sites by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction amplification. Abiotic parameters were collected and explored, but we found no conclusive relationship among them and python eDNA detections. eDNA monitoring of aquatic habitats can assist in identifying newly colonized areas where pythons have not been previously detected, as well as movement corridors and pathways of dispersal. This information could be used to delimit a population boundary as it expands further to the north in peninsular Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211082","usgsCitation":"Beaver, C.E., Meigs-Friend, G., and Hunter, M.E., 2021, Environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1082, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122212","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HVM4VQ","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Droplet digital PCR data for environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem"},{"id":390967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/ofr20211082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1082"},{"id":390966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390969,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1082/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.552353652165465\n ],\n [\n -80.87585449218749,\n 24.946219074360055\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 25.199970890386\n ],\n [\n -79.8211669921875,\n 26.701452590314393\n ],\n [\n -82.15576171875,\n 26.598351182358265\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.552353652165465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
The ability of native fish to establish self-sustaining populations when reintroduced to vacant habitats is variable. We evaluated factors that potentially affect the reintroduction success of juvenile Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus that were reintroduced to an isolated watershed and were experiencing suboptimal survival and recruitment. We conducted a 3-year mark–recapture study to model annual apparent survival probability as it related to (1) different ex situ rearing strategies and (2) initial release among different habitat types. The use of PIT tags also enabled the quantification of loss via emigration. Apparent survival was highest for small fish that were minimally exposed to ex situ rearing conditions, stocked in small, headwater stream reaches. However, maximum estimates of apparent survival remained low (≤0.38 ± 0.05 [estimate ± SE]) regardless of rearing treatment, stocking location, or interactive effects between covariates. Emigration of stocked fish (<1%) from the study area did not appear to limit their establishment. Our results suggest that variation in stocking and rearing strategy may have some effect on translocation success and the interaction between rearing and stocking strategy highlights the importance of considering the life history stage of stocked individuals when identifying stocking sites. Consistently low annual survival values may be indicative of a larger issue, requiring in-depth evaluation of adaptive potential within our brood source and other factors that potentially limit population persistence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10322","usgsCitation":"LeCheminant, A.G., Barrile, G.M., Albeke, S., and Walters, A.W., 2021, Movement dynamics and survival of stocked Colorado River Cutthroat Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 6, p. 679-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10322.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"693","ipdsId":"IP-114193","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River, LaBarge Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.11248648904184\n ],\n [\n -110.05691528320311,\n 42.11248648904184\n ],\n [\n -110.05691528320311,\n 42.37021284789698\n ],\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.37021284789698\n ],\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.11248648904184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeCheminant, Alex G.","contributorId":279769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeCheminant","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrile, Gabriel M.","contributorId":270694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrile","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":244121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon E.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230208,"text":"70230208 - 2021 - Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-05T15:13:12.014826","indexId":"70230208","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T10:04:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon","docAbstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the diet of African manatees in Cameroon to better inform conservation decisions within protected areas. A large knowledge gap on diet and seasonal changes in forage availability limits the ability to develop informed local management plans for the African manatee in much of its range. This research took place in the Sanaga River Watershed, which includes two protected areas in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: the Douala-Edea National Park and the Lake Ossa Wildlife Reserve. We analyzed 113 manatee fecal samples and surveyed shoreline emergent and submerged vegetation within the Sanaga River Watershed. We used microhistological analyses to determine the relative contribution of each plant species to African manatee diets and compared across locations and across seasons (wet vs. dry season). We found that the shoreline vegetation is diverse with over 160 plant species, unevenly distributed across space and season, and dominated by emergent vegetation mostly represented by the antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis). We recorded a total of 36 plant species from fecal samples with a spatial and temporal distribution mostly reflecting that of the corresponding shoreline vegetation. African manatees appear to be primarily opportunistically feeding on available vegetation across the seasons and habitat. This work documents the current, but changing, state of plant availability in the Sanaga River Watershed and reports the African manatee diet in Cameroon for the first time. This information can play a critical role in successfully managing the species and these protected areas. If we wish to protect the African manatee and the aquatic ecosystems within the Sanaga River Watershed, we must understand how forage availability changes over time, especially as its waters become nutrient enriched, eutrophic, and exposed to invasive species of plants in a changing world.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8254","usgsCitation":"Takoukam Kamla, A., Gomes, D., Beck, C., Keith-Diagne, L.W., Hunter, M., Francis-Floyd, R., and Bonde, R.K., 2021, Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 22, p. 15833-15845, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8254.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15833","endPage":"15845","ipdsId":"IP-126865","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cameroon","otherGeospatial":"Douala-Edea National Park, Lake Ossa Wildlife Reserve, Sanga River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.898681640625,\n 3.254321799348771\n ],\n [\n 9.909667968749998,\n 3.239239845874887\n ],\n [\n 10.048370361328125,\n 3.3215022897186035\n ],\n [\n 10.08819580078125,\n 3.4147247646241174\n ],\n [\n 10.086822509765625,\n 3.470928075969679\n ],\n [\n 10.11566162109375,\n 3.5230159653948925\n ],\n [\n 10.075836181640625,\n 3.7984839750369748\n ],\n [\n 10.07171630859375,\n 3.8834367625466224\n ],\n [\n 10.023651123046873,\n 3.8820666236336345\n ],\n [\n 9.758605957031248,\n 3.7409305492480764\n ],\n [\n 9.70916748046875,\n 3.7505230509601346\n ],\n [\n 9.700927734375,\n 3.784781124382708\n ],\n [\n 9.68170166015625,\n 3.8395912184049763\n ],\n [\n 9.6240234375,\n 3.8793263391382906\n ],\n [\n 9.60205078125,\n 3.871105432353669\n ],\n [\n 9.584197998046875,\n 3.8094460989409775\n ],\n [\n 9.540252685546873,\n 3.829999704546473\n ],\n [\n 9.5306396484375,\n 3.8204080831949407\n ],\n [\n 9.639129638671875,\n 3.625812414695396\n ],\n [\n 9.63226318359375,\n 3.597030572616955\n ],\n [\n 9.628143310546875,\n 3.5490588195926307\n ],\n [\n 9.64324951171875,\n 3.5367228219493203\n ],\n [\n 9.886322021484375,\n 3.292711205363982\n ],\n [\n 9.898681640625,\n 3.254321799348771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takoukam Kamla, Aristide","contributorId":204221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takoukam Kamla","given":"Aristide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomes, Dylan G. E.","contributorId":289660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomes","given":"Dylan G. E.","affiliations":[{"id":62217,"text":"Boise State University and African Marine Mammal Conservation Organization, Cameroon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, Cathy 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":168987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith-Diagne, Lucy W.","contributorId":289661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith-Diagne","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":62218,"text":"African Aquatic Conservation Fund, Senegal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":214958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Francis-Floyd, Ruth","contributorId":289662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francis-Floyd","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62220,"text":"University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K.","contributorId":289663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":54719,"text":"Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70226720,"text":"70226720 - 2021 - Postcards from the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T15:08:42.608177","indexId":"70226720","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T09:02:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9943,"text":"Conservation Paleobiology Network Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Postcards from the field","docAbstract":"My research focuses on pre-20th century conditions in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida to provide the context for resource managers to set targets for restoration. A primary goal of Everglades restoration is to re-establish more natural delivery of freshwater to the wetlands and estuaries in the region. By analyzing biotic assemblages from sediment cores collected from Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay, we can estimate pre-water management salinities and freshwater flow. To interpret the environments represented by the core assemblages, we investigate the environmental requirements of the living organisms. Our recent efforts have focused on the mangrove transition zone and after a pandemic-related hiatus, we were ecstatic to get back in the field in August 2021! Here, I am searching for mollusks and other invertebrates at the base of dwarf mangroves, near Whitewater Bay, Everglades National Park.","language":"English","publisher":"Conservation Paleobiology Network","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., 2021, Postcards from the field: Conservation Paleobiology Network Newsletter, no. 10.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-134099","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://conservationpaleorcn.org/resources/"}],"issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231779,"text":"70231779 - 2021 - Numerical simulation of the boundary layer flow generated in Monterey Bay, California by the 2010 Chilean tsunami: Case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T13:46:20.875172","indexId":"70231779","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T08:39:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8957,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of the boundary layer flow generated in Monterey Bay, California by the 2010 Chilean tsunami: Case study","docAbstract":"This work presents a case study involving the numerical simulation of the unsteady boundary layer generated by the 2010 Chilean tsunami, as measured by field equipment in Monterey Bay, California, USA. A one-dimensional vertical (1DV) boundary layer model is utilized, solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, coupled with two-equation k–ω turbulence closure. Local effects of convective acceleration (converging–diverging effects) on the boundary layer due to the sloping bed are likewise approximated. Four cases are considered involving simulation of: (1) the long tsunami-induced boundary layer flow in isolation, in combination with either (2) convective acceleration effects or (3) energetic short wind waves, and, finally, (4) all effects combined. Reasonable agreement with field measurements is achieved, with model results similarly showing that the tsunami-induced boundary layer in this case only spans a fraction of the local water depth. Systematic comparison of the various cases likewise elucidates the likely significance of both local converging–diverging effects, as well as interaction with the much shorter period wind waves, on the tsunami-generated boundary layer. In the latter case, analogy is drawn to well-known wave–current boundary layer interaction, with the boundary layer turbulence associated with the short wind waves inducing an effective wave roughness felt by the tsunami-induced flow, which effectively plays the role of the current.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000673","usgsCitation":"Makris, A., Lacy, J.R., and Fuhrman, D.R., 2021, Numerical simulation of the boundary layer flow generated in Monterey Bay, California by the 2010 Chilean tsunami: Case study: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, v. 147, no. 6, 05021012, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000673.","productDescription":"05021012, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124548","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/820c4abf-2a2e-4005-bb2f-da14b18d53c7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":401297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89468383789061,\n 36.59347887826919\n ],\n [\n -121.87271118164062,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -121.82052612304688,\n 36.639773979496574\n ],\n [\n -121.79992675781249,\n 36.69264861993992\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 36.752089156946326\n ],\n [\n -121.77932739257812,\n 36.79389010047562\n ],\n [\n -121.77932739257812,\n 36.815881441097154\n ],\n [\n -121.82052612304688,\n 36.88511287236025\n ],\n [\n -121.8548583984375,\n 36.9378185354581\n ],\n [\n -121.89056396484375,\n 36.96854668458301\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 36.98939086733937\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 36.96525497589677\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 36.97183825093165\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -122.10067749023438,\n 36.96415770803826\n ],\n [\n -122.10891723632812,\n 36.71907231552909\n ],\n [\n -121.96884155273436,\n 36.5736296124793\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 36.62875385775956\n ],\n [\n -121.89468383789061,\n 36.59347887826919\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Makris, Athanasios","contributorId":292114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Makris","given":"Athanasios","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62831,"text":"Technical University of Denmark, Dept of Mechanical Engr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":201703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuhrman, David R. 0000-0002-2433-6778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-6778","contributorId":292115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuhrman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":62832,"text":"Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Mechanical Engr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226476,"text":"70226476 - 2021 - Synthesis of data and studies relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing water year 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T13:59:19.266473","indexId":"70226476","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T07:47:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5573,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"95","title":"Synthesis of data and studies relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing water year 2017","docAbstract":"In the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), the effects of freshwater flow on the aquatic ecosystem have been studied extensively over the years and remains a contentious management issue. It is especially contentious with regards to the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a species endemic to the SFE that has been listed as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act and endangered by the State of California. Early studies of Delta Smelt distribution within the SFE suggested that Delta Smelt habitat is determined largely by freshwater flow; however, the exact mechanisms and processes producing such benefits remained unclear. In the summer of 2017, the Flow Alteration Management, Analysis, and Synthesis Team (FLOAT-MAST) was established to analyze, synthesize, and summarize the data collected from the various flow-related monitoring and special studies occurring in 2017(see Table Intro 4). This report will focus on the 2017 summer-fall status of Delta Smelt and its habitat following a record wet year.
There has been a long-term decline in the abundance of Delta Smelt associated with a decline in other pelagic fishes. Investigators concluded that the decline has likely been caused by the interactive effects of several causes, including changes in both physical and biotic habitats, many of which are tied to amount and timing of freshwater flow. For this report, we formulated a number of basic predictions about the likely effects of high flows in 2017 on Delta Smelt and their habitat (Table 3). We use a qualitative weight of evidence approach to evaluate whether these predictions were supported by available data. Data sources included a variety of long-term monitoring surveys conducted by Interagency Ecological Program (IEP) agencies, as well as model outputs.
Delta Smelt population, health, and life history metrics rarely responded as predicted. Water temperature appears to have a stronger effect on Delta Smelt growth rate and some metrics of life history diversity than outflow or X2 position. Other life history diversity attributes varied but did not appear to be driven by outflow or temperature. Health status was difficult to interpret. Low prevalence of lesions and improved nutritional condition during the drought was contradicted by declining overall population levels. Because of the sparse catches of Delta Smelt in the post-POD years, we consider the data insufficient to reach firm conclusions about the predictions concerning range and distribution of Delta Smelt, especially in the fall. The prediction of high survival was not supported. The 2017 Delta Smelt year class began with poor recruitment in spring of 2017 and below average survival for spring to summer and summer to fall. Thus, low production and low survival led to low abundance of all life stages. During the fall to winter period survival improved, yet the resulting adults were low in number. Foraging success of the fish captured, as measured by stomach fullness, was high for juveniles and adults in 2017 relative to recent years associated with the higher densities of common zooplankton prey that occurred in 2017.
Tidal marshes are an important component of estuaries that provide habitat for fish and wildlife, protection from flooding, recreation opportunities, and can improve water quality. Critical to maintaining these functions is vertical accretion, a key mechanism by which tidal marshes build elevation relative to local sea level. The beneficial use of dredged material to build marsh elevations in response to accelerating sea level rise has gained attention as a management action to prevent habitat loss over the coming decades. In January 2016, a sediment augmentation project using local dredged material was undertaken at Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge in Anaheim Bay, California, USA, to benefit tidal marsh habitat and the listed species it supports. The application process added 12,900 cubic meters of sediment with an initial, average 22-cm gain in elevation over a 3.2-hectare site. Due to sediment characteristics and higher than anticipated elevations in some areas, vegetation colonization did not occur at the expected rate; therefore, adaptive management measures were undertaken to improve hydrology of the site and facilitate vegetation colonization. More case studies that test and monitor sea level adaptation actions are needed to assist in the planning and implementation of climate-resilient projects to prevent coastal habitat loss over the coming century.
Chesapeake Bay (“mother of waters” or the “great shellfish Bay” in Algonquin), is the largest estuary in the United States and arguably the best studied estuary in the world. Chesapeake Bay is immense, with the main stem stretching 200 nautical miles (315 km) from the mouth of the Susquehanna River to its terminus at the Atlantic Ocean and an overall watershed encompassing 64,000 mi2 (165,000 km2). The mainstem, tributaries, and Bay islands form thousands of miles of coastline (Figure 1). Because of its prominence in estuarine science and ecosystem restoration, developing a working knowledge of Chesapeake Bay science and restoration is important. Hopefully, this overview will whet the appetite to learn more from information available both in the scientific literature and on the Chesapeake Bay Program website www.chesapeakebay.net
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A.","contributorId":268780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Etgen","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodwin, Peter","contributorId":268781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paolisso, Michael","contributorId":201913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paolisso","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36291,"text":"University of Maryland, Department of Anthropology, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shenk, Gary W. 0000-0001-6451-2513","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-2513","contributorId":225440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swanson, Ann","contributorId":268782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vargas, Nguyen","contributorId":268783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Nguyen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70227796,"text":"70227796 - 2021 - Geoelectric survey of the Granite Gravel aquifer, Llano Uplift, Central Texas, to determine locations for water wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T12:37:50.242873","indexId":"70227796","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T06:30:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectric survey of the Granite Gravel aquifer, Llano Uplift, Central Texas, to determine locations for water wells","docAbstract":"An electrical geophysical survey was completed within a small area of the Llano Uplift of central Texas to determine locations to install two water wells in the Granite Gravel aquifer (GGA). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was performed along two 188-m long profiles that intersected at the approximate center of a 100-m by 100-m self-potential (SP) map. The ERT survey was completed to map two-dimensional (2D) electric resistivity distributions in the GGA and the underlying Precambrian Town Mountain Granite (TMG) bedrock, whereas SP mapping was performed to delineate apparent streaming potential anomalies at the land surface that appeared correlated to the subsurface resistivity distributions, which exhibited strong lateral heterogeneity in the upper 35 m of the weathered layer that comprises the GGA. The depth to TMG bedrock, as shown by the resistivity distributions, varied substantially over relatively small profile distances and surface areas; however, the general electrical structure showed resistivity increasing with depth, beginning with a thin electrically conductive layer at the surface characterized by resistivity in the range of about 30–100 Ω-m, followed by a resistivity increase to 300–500 Ω-m at a depth that coincided with the water-table depth observed in the installed water wells. Resistivity of the TMG bedrock was generally greater than 500 Ω-m and exceeded 1000 Ω-m in some locations of the tomograms. Electrical structure beneath the survey area, as shown by the 2D resistivity distributions beneath the ERT profiles, delineated a relatively thick weathered section of GGA that spatially aligned with a conspicuous negative anomaly observed in the SP map after electrode-drift and terrain corrections were made. The combination of ERT and SP mapping guided selection of locations for two productive water wells within the small survey area despite substantial heterogeneity in the weathering profile of the GGA beneath the survey area.
The stratigraphy, water-bearing zones, and quality of groundwater were characterized in a 1,400-ft-deep test hole drilled during 2013 in fractured bedrock in Sullivan County, Pa., by collection and analysis of measurements made during drilling, geophysical logs, and depth-specific hydraulic tests and water samples. The multidisciplinary characterization of the test hole was a cooperative effort between the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Geological Survey (BGS), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The study provided information to aid the bedrock mapping of the Laporte 7.5-minute quad-rangle by BGS to help quantify the depth and character of fresh and saline groundwater in an area of shale-gas exploration (described in this report), which could help gas operators protect groundwater resources.
The Laporte test hole was drilled with air-hammer methods in an upland setting in the headwaters of Loyalsock Creek in the Glaciated High Plateau section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. Bedrock residuum and till were penetrated from land surface to 8.5 ft, the Huntley Mountain Formation of Mississippian and Devonian age was penetrated from 8.5 to 540 ft, and the Catskill Formation of Devonian age was penetrated from 540 to 1,400 ft. Fractures, determined from optical televiewer, acoustic televiewer, and video logs, were commonly encountered to 200 ft bls (below land surface), then decreased exponentially with depth, except at a highly fractured zone from 637 to 644 ft bls. Most fractures were along bedding planes and had a strike of about 243 degrees and dip about 4 degrees to the northwest, consistent with the test-hole location on the north limb of the Muncy Creek anticline. Few fractures were noted below 650 ft.
The depths of fresh and saline water-bearing fracture zones were identified in the test hole by geophysical-log analysis and were verified by pumping samples from zones isolated with packers and by collecting samples in the open hole with a wire-line point sampler. Six water-bearing zones associated with single or multiple fractures were identified at depths of 130–135, 180, 267–275, 425, 637–644, and 1,003 ft bls. Under ambient conditions, fresh water entered the hole from fractures at 130-135 and 180 ft bls, flowed downward and exited at fractures from 267–275, 425, and 637–644 ft. When pumped at 16.2 gal/min, most of the water from the open test hole was contributed from the fracture at 180 ft bls. Transmissivity, estimated from analysis of the specific-capacity data and flowmeter logs, is about 850 ft2/d for the entire open hole, and about 60 percent of the transmissivity is contributed from the fracture zone at 180 ft bls. The hydraulic heads in the deep water-bearing zones at 425 and 637–644 ft were about 100 ft lower than hydraulic heads in shallow water-bearing zones at 180 ft bls and above, indicating a large downward vertical hydraulic gradient.
Water samples pumped from fracture zones isolated by packers at and above the water-bearing zone at 450 ft bls were fresh with dissolved-solids contents of 105 mg/L or less. The sample isolated at 637–644 ft bls was probably affected by leakage around packers, but the specific-conductance samples collected during drilling that were believed to be representa-tive of the fracture zone at 637–644 ft bls indicated slightly saline water. Below the 637–644 ft zone, a flowmeter log in the open hole did not detect any vertical flow, and the temperature log approached the geothermal gradient, indicating little ambient fluid flow and minimal fracture transmissivity below this depth. A petrophysical-log analysis using estimates of formation water resistivity from Archie’s Equation indicated an apparent transition from fresh to saline water in the sandstones occurs between 450 to 900 ft bls, with saline water indicated below 900 ft.
Small seeps of saline water were delineated at 958, 989, and 1,003 ft bls by a time series of specific-conductance logs, and a discrete-point water sample at 990 ft bls with total dissolved-solids concentration of 19,900 mg/L verified that highly saline water was present below 900 ft bls. Occurrence of saline water at a depth of about 900 ft bls is below altitude of streams within 3 to 5 miles of the test hole but is about 930 ft above the altitude at the mouth of Loyalsock Creek where is enters the West Branch Susquehanna River at Montours-ville, Pa. The depth to saline water in this test hole is close to depths estimated at two other deep test holes drilled by the BGS in upland settings in Bradford and Tioga Counties in north-ern Pennsylvania.
The saline water from 990 ft bls had a chemical composition similar to Appalachian Basin brines that had been diluted with fresh water. Predominant ions in the saline water were sodium, chloride, and calcium. Trace constituents of strontium, bromide, barium, lithium, and molybdenum were all more than 5,000 times greater than in freshwater samples from 167 or 270 ft bls. Methane concentration in the saline water sample from 990 ft was 120 mg/L. The concentration ratios of methane to higher-chain hydrocarbon gases and isotopic ratios of 13C/12C and 2H/1H of methane indicate that the gases are likely of thermogenic origin. In the sample from 990 ft bls, the 13C/12C of methane was less negative (-34.81 per mil) than 13C/12C of ethane (-37.1 per mil). Isotopic reversals such as this are generally found in gases from rocks older than the Catskill Formation, so its recognition in a natural upland setting at relatively shallow depth could be important when interpreting isotopic results to identify the origin of stray gas in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., Williams, J., and Bierly, A.D., 2021, Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus Shale gas development, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania: Open-File Report OFMI 21-02.0, xii, 56 p.","productDescription":"xii, 56 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107313","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393564,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://maps.dcnr.pa.gov/publications/Default.aspx?id=995"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Sullivan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.28967402411714\n ],\n [\n -76.37832641601562,\n 41.28967402411714\n ],\n [\n -76.37832641601562,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -76.61453247070312,\n 41.28967402411714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bierly, Aaron D.","contributorId":270527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bierly","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16182,"text":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225634,"text":"sim3481 - 2021 - Elevation and elevation-change maps of Fountain Creek, southeastern Colorado, 2015-20","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-01T11:47:09.108555","indexId":"sim3481","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-29T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3481","displayTitle":"Elevation and Elevation-Change Maps of Fountain Creek, Southeastern Colorado, 2015–20","title":"Elevation and elevation-change maps of Fountain Creek, southeastern Colorado, 2015-20","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Colorado Springs Utilities, has collected topographic data annually since 2012 at 10 study areas along Fountain Creek, southeastern Colorado. The 10 study areas were located between Colorado Springs and the terminus of Fountain Creek at the Arkansas River in Pueblo. The purpose of this report is to present elevation maps based on topographic surveys collected in 2020 and to present maps of elevation change that occurred between 2015 and 2020 at all 10 study areas. Elevation and elevation-change maps were developed in Global Mapper, R, and ArcGIS from topographic surveys collected at each study area during the winters of 2015 and 2020. Topographic surveys in 2015 were completed using real-time kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Topographic surveys in 2020 were completed using both real-time kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems and light detection and ranging. Elevation-change maps were created using propagated uncertainties associated with the 95-percent confidence limit. Study areas along Fountain Creek underwent a range of geomorphic responses between 2015 and 2020 that were often related to the dominant channel planform pattern of the study area. The results of this ongoing monitoring effort can be used to assess long-term changes in land-surface elevation and to advance understanding of the geomorphic response to possible changes in flow conditions on Fountain Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3481","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Springs Utilities","usgsCitation":"Hempel, L.A., Creighton, A.L., and Bock, A.R., 2021, Elevation and elevation-change maps of Fountain Creek, southeastern Colorado, 2015–20: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3481, 10 sheets, 12-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3481.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 12 p.; 10 Sheets: 12.19 x 13.44 inches or smaller; Data Release; Read Me; Related Work","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124273","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391163,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3456","text":"Elevation and Elevation-Change Maps of Fountain Creek, Southeastern Colorado, 2015–19"},{"id":391154,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet7.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 07","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391153,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet6.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 06","size":"1.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391157,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet10.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 10","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391160,"rank":14,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_ReadMe.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"6.12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3481 Read Me"},{"id":391150,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet4.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 04","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391149,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet3.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 03","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391155,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet8.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 08","size":"1.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391156,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet9.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 09","size":"1.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391159,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheets1to10.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Areas 1- 10","size":"8.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheets 1-10","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391162,"rank":15,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98J7DRO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Elevation Data from Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Confluence of Fountain Creek at the Arkansas River, Colorado, 2020 (ver 2.0, May 2021)"},{"id":391090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":391091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3481 pamphlet"},{"id":391092,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet1.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 01","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391126,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet2.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 02","size":"1.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."},{"id":391151,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3481/sim3481_sheet5.pdf","text":"Elevation (2015, 2020) and Elevation-Change (2015−20) Map—Study Area 05","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3581 Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Download file and view it in Adobe Acrobat DC or Adobe Reader DC to access interactive layers."}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.0567626953125,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -104.2108154296875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -104.2108154296875,\n 38.9807627650163\n ],\n [\n -105.0567626953125,\n 38.9807627650163\n ],\n [\n -105.0567626953125,\n 38.09998264736481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rhenium (Re) has been proposed as a tracer of rock organic carbon (OCpetro) oxidation. However, the sources of Re and its mobilization by hydrological processes remain poorly constrained. Here we examine dissolved Re as a function of water discharge, using samples collected from three alpine catchments that drain sedimentary rocks in Switzerland (Erlenbach, Vogelbach) and Colorado, USA (East River). The Swiss catchments reveal a higher Re flux in the catchment with higher erosion rates, but have similar [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42-] ratios, which indicate a dominance of Re from OCpetro. Despite differences in rock type and hydro-climatic setting, the three catchments have a positive correlation between river water [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42-] and water discharge. We propose that this reflects preferential routing of Re from a near-surface, oxidative weathering zone. The observations support the use of Re as a proxy to trace rock-organic carbon oxidation, and suggest it may be a hydrological tracer of vadose zone processes. We apply the Re proxy, and estimate CO2 release by OCpetro oxidation of 5.7 +6.6/-2.0 tC km-2 yr-1 for the Erlenbach. The overall weathering intensity was ∼40%, meaning that the corresponding export of un-weathered OCpetro in river sediments is large, and the findings call for more measurements of OCpetro oxidation in mountains and rivers as thet cross floodplains.