Ecosystem-level studies identify plant–soil feedbacks as important controls on soil nutrient availability, particularly for nitrogen and phosphorus. Although site- and species-specific studies of tree species–soil relationships are relatively common, comparatively fewer studies consider multiple co-existing species in old-growth forests across a range of sites that vary in underlying soil fertility. We characterized patterns in forest floor and mineral soil nutrients associated with four common tree species across eight undisturbed old-growth forests in Oregon, USA, and used two complementary conceptual models to assess tree species–soil relationships. Plant–soil feedbacks that could reinforce site-level differences in nutrient availability were assessed using the context-dependent relationships model, whereby relative species-based differences in each soil nutrient diverged or converged as nutrient status changed across sites. Tree species–soil relationships that did not reflect strong feedbacks were evaluated using a site-independent relationships model, whereby forest floor and surface mineral soil nutrient pools differed consistently by tree species across sites, without variation in deeper mineral soils. We found that the organically cycled elements carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus exhibited context-dependent differences among species in both forest floor and mineral soil, and most often followed a divergence model, whereby species differences were greatest at high-nutrient sites. These patterns are consistent with theory emphasizing biotic control of these elements through plant–soil feedback mechanisms. Site-independent species differences were strongest for pools of the weatherable cations calcium, magnesium, potassium, as well as phosphorus, in mineral soils. Site-independent species differences in forest floor nutrients were attributable to one species that displayed significantly greater forest floor mass accumulation. Our findings confirm that site-independent and context-dependent tree species-soil relationships occur simultaneously in old-growth temperate forests, with context-dependent relationships strongest for organically cycled elements, and site-independent relationships strongest for weatherable elements with inorganic cycling phases. These models provide complementary explanations for patterns of nutrient accumulation and cycling in mixed-species old-growth temperate forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-010-9407-5","usgsCitation":"Cross, A., and Perakis, S., 2011, Complementary models of tree species-soil relationships in old-growth temperate forests: Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 2, p. 248-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9407-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -122.89306640624999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 43.02071359427862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Alison","contributorId":28730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cross","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004769,"text":"sir20105249 - 2011 - Geohydrology, simulation of regional groundwater flow, and assessment of water-management strategies, Twentynine Palms area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T19:34:48.40813","indexId":"sir20105249","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5249","title":"Geohydrology, simulation of regional groundwater flow, and assessment of water-management strategies, Twentynine Palms area, California","docAbstract":"The Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) Twentynine Palms, California, overlies the Surprise Spring, Deadman, Mesquite, and Mainside subbasins of the Morongo groundwater basin in the southern Mojave Desert. Historically, the MCAGCC has relied on groundwater pumped from the Surprise Spring subbasin to provide all of its potable water supply. Groundwater pumpage in the Surprise Spring subbasin has caused groundwater levels in the subbasin to decline by as much as 190 feet (ft) from 1953 through 2007. Groundwater from the other subbasins contains relatively high concentrations of fluoride, arsenic, and (or) dissolved solids, making it unsuitable for potable uses without treatment. The potable groundwater supply in Surprise Spring subbasin is diminishing because of pumping-induced overdraft and because of more restrictive Federal drinking-water standards on arsenic concentrations. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the MCAGCC, completed this study to better understand groundwater resources in the area and to help establish a long-term strategy for regional water-resource development.\n\nThe Surprise Spring, Deadman, Mesquite, and Mainside subbasins are filled with sedimentary deposits of Tertiary age, alluvial fan deposits of Quaternary-Tertiary age, and younger alluvial and playa deposits of Quaternary age. Combined, this sedimentary sequence reaches a maximum thickness of more than 16,000 ft in the Deadman and Mesquite subbasins. The sedimentary deposits of Tertiary age yield a small amount of water to wells, and this water commonly contains high concentrations of fluoride, arsenic, and dissolved solids. The alluvial fan deposits form the principal water-bearing unit in the study area and have a combined thickness of 250 to more than 1,000 ft. The younger alluvial and playa deposits are unsaturated throughout most of the study area. Lithologic and downhole geophysical logs were used to divide the Quaternary/ Tertiary alluvial fan deposits into two aquifers (referred to as the upper and the middle aquifers) and the Tertiary sedimentary deposits into a single aquifer (referred to as the lower aquifer). In general, wells perforated in the upper aquifer yield more water than wells perforated in the middle and lower aquifers. The study area is dominated by extensive faulting and moderate to intense folding that has displaced or deformed the pre-Tertiary basement complex as well as the overlying Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. Many of these faults act as barriers to the lateral movement of groundwater flow and form many of the boundaries of the groundwater subbasins.\n\nThe principal recharge to the study area is groundwater underflow across the western and southern boundaries that originates as runoff in the surrounding mountains. Groundwater discharges naturally from the study area as spring flow, as groundwater underflow to downstream basins, and as water vapor to the atmosphere by transpiration of phreatophytes and direct evaporation from moist soil. The annual volume of water that naturally recharged to or discharged from the groundwater flow system in the study area during predevelopment conditions was estimated to be 1,010 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). About 90 percent of this recharge originated as runoff from the Little San Bernardino and the Pinto Mountains to the south, and the remainder originated as runoff from the San Bernardino Mountains to the west. Evapotranspiration by phreatophytes near Mesquite Lake (dry) was the primary form of predevelopment groundwater discharge. From 1953 through 2007, approximately 139,400 acre-feet (acre-ft) of groundwater was pumped by the MCAGCC from the Surprise Spring subbasin.\n\nA regional-scale numerical groundwater flow model was developed using MODFLOW-2000 for the Surprise Spring, Deadman, Mesquite, and Mainside subbasins. The aquifer system was simulated by using three model layers representing the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. Measured groundwater levels","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105249","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., and Martin, P., 2011, Geohydrology, simulation of regional groundwater flow, and assessment of water-management strategies, Twentynine Palms area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5249, x, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105249.","productDescription":"x, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5249.jpg"},{"id":393868,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95289.htm"},{"id":22508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Twentynine Palms","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 34.10498222546687\n ],\n [\n -115.95932006835938,\n 34.10498222546687\n ],\n [\n -115.95932006835938,\n 34.677264394659154\n ],\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 34.677264394659154\n ],\n [\n -116.73522949218751,\n 34.10498222546687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Zhen zhenli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhen","email":"zhenli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003349,"text":"70003349 - 2011 - Customizing a rangefinder for community-based wildlife conservation initiatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T15:47:40.490362","indexId":"70003349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Customizing a rangefinder for community-based wildlife conservation initiatives","docAbstract":"Population size of many threatened and endangered species is relatively unknown because estimating animal abundance in remote parts of the world, without access to aircraft for surveying vast areas, is a scientific challenge with few proposed solutions. One option is to enlist local community members and train them in data collection for large line transect or point count surveys, but financial and sometimes technological constraints prevent access to the necessary equipment and training for accurately quantifying distance measurements. Such measurements are paramount for generating reliable estimates of animal density. This problem was overcome in a survey of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia, by converting an inexpensive optical sporting rangefinder into a species-specific rangefinder with visual-based categorical labels. Accuracy trials concluded 96.86% of 350 distance measures matched those from a laser rangefinder. This simple customized optic subsequently allowed for a large group of minimally-trained observers to simultaneously record quantitative measures of distance, despite language, education, and skill differences among the diverse group. The large community-based effort actively engaged local residents in species conservation by including them as the foundation for collecting scientific data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-011-0040-1","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., 2011, Customizing a rangefinder for community-based wildlife conservation initiatives: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1603-1609, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0040-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1603","endPage":"1609","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","otherGeospatial":"Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 90.911865234375,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n 94.669189453125,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n 94.669189453125,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n 90.911865234375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n 90.911865234375,\n 44.78573392716592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003468,"text":"70003468 - 2011 - Coastal subsidence in Oregon, USA during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T14:10:05.251733","indexId":"70003468","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal subsidence in Oregon, USA during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of land-level change during the giant AD 1700 Cascadia earthquake along the Oregon coast are inferred from relative sea-level changes reconstructed from fossil foraminiferal assemblages preserved within the stratigraphic record. A transfer function, based upon a regional training set of modern sediment samples from Oregon estuaries, is calibrated to fossil assemblages in sequences of samples across buried peat-mud and peat-sand contacts marking the AD 1700 earthquake. Reconstructions of sample elevations with sample-specific errors estimate the amount of coastal subsidence during the earthquake at six sites along 400 km of coast. The elevation estimates are supported by lithological, carbon isotope, and faunal tidal zonation data. Coseismic subsidence at Nehalem River, Nestucca River, Salmon River, Alsea Bay, Siuslaw River and South Slough varies between 0.18 m and 0.85 m with errors between 0.18 m and 0.32 m. These subsidence estimates are more precise, consistent, and generally lower than previous semi-quantitative estimates. Following earlier comparisons of semi-quantitative subsidence estimates with elastic dislocation models of megathrust rupture during great earthquakes, our lower estimates for central and northern Oregon are consistent with modeled rates of strain accumulation and amounts of slip on the subduction megathrust, and thus, with a magnitude of 9 for the AD 1700 earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.017","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, A., Horton, B.P., Nelson, A., Vane, C., and Sawai, Y., 2011, Coastal subsidence in Oregon, USA during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 364-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/13572/1/Hawkes_QSR_2011.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.079345703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -125.079345703125,\n 46.27863122156088\n ],\n [\n -125.079345703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, A. D.","contributorId":97618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkes","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, B. P.","contributorId":96816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vane, C. H.","contributorId":12172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vane","given":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003745,"text":"70003745 - 2011 - Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T16:56:34","indexId":"70003745","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities","docAbstract":"Many ecosystems worldwide are dominated by introduced plant species, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function. A common but rarely tested assumption is that these plants are more abundant in introduced vs. native communities, because ecological or evolutionary-based shifts in populations underlie invasion success. Here, data for 26 herbaceous species at 39 sites, within eight countries, revealed that species abundances were similar at native (home) and introduced (away) sites - grass species were generally abundant home and away, while forbs were low in abundance, but more abundant at home. Sites with six or more of these species had similar community abundance hierarchies, suggesting that suites of introduced species are assembling similarly on different continents. Overall, we found that substantial changes to populations are not necessarily a pre-condition for invasion success and that increases in species abundance are unusual. Instead, abundance at home predicts abundance away, a potentially useful additional criterion for biosecurity programmes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x","usgsCitation":"Firn, J., Moore, J.L., MacDougall, A.S., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E.W., HilleRisLambers, J., Harpole, W., Cleland, E., Brown, C.S., Knops, J.M., Prober, S.M., Pyke, D.A., Farrell, K.A., Bakker, J.D., O’Halloran, L.R., Adler, P.B., Collins, S., D'Antonio, C., Crawley, M.J., Wolkovich, E., La Pierre, K.J., Melbourne, B.A., Hautier, Y., Morgan, J.W., Leakey, A.D., Kay, A., McCulley, R., Davies, K.F., Stevens, C.J., Chu, C., Holl, K.D., Klein, J.A., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Kirkman, K.P., and Buckley, Y.M., 2011, Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities: Ecology Letters, v. 14, no. 3, p. 274-281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"281","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474972,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/114990","text":"External Repository"},{"id":267801,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x"},{"id":204144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":22511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x/abstract;jsessionid=710BF47CFA6E976692208EC0C5C53768.d02t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+2+July+from+10-12+BST+for+monthly+maintenance","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Firn, Jennifer","contributorId":66405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Firn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Joslin L.","contributorId":90456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Joslin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDougall, Andrew S.","contributorId":39509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDougall","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","contributorId":45049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seabloom, Eric W.","contributorId":60762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seabloom","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"HilleRisLambers, Janneke","contributorId":47649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"HilleRisLambers","given":"Janneke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harpole, W. Stanley","contributorId":88475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpole","given":"W. Stanley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cleland, Elsa E.","contributorId":92790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleland","given":"Elsa E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia S.","contributorId":86095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Knops, Johannes M.H.","contributorId":105843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knops","given":"Johannes","email":"","middleInitial":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prober, Suzanne 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Quality-assurance results indicate that more than 98 percent of all surface-water chemistry measurements were accurate and precise. Records that did not meet quality criteria were removed from the database. Measurements of precipitation depth, precipitation chemistry, discharge, and surface-water quality were all sufficiently complete and consistent to support project data needs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111137","usgsCitation":"Richer, E.E., and Baron, J., 2011, Loch Vale watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program quality assurance report, 2003-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1137, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111137.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1137.png"},{"id":22685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402193,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6906,\n 40.2619\n ],\n [\n -105.6033,\n 40.2619\n ],\n [\n -105.6033,\n 40.5122\n ],\n [\n -105.6906,\n 40.5122\n ],\n [\n -105.6906,\n 40.2619\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bfd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richer, Eric E.","contributorId":27177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richer","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004797,"text":"ds567 - 2011 - Groundwater withdrawals and associated well descriptions for the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"ds567","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"567","title":"Groundwater withdrawals and associated well descriptions for the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2008","docAbstract":"From 1951 to 2008, groundwater withdrawals totaled more than 25,000 million gallons from wells on and directly adjacent to the Nevada National Security Site. Total annual groundwater withdrawals ranged from about 30 million gallons in 1951 to as much as 1,100 million gallons in 1989. Annual withdrawals from individual wells ranged from 0 million gallons to more than 325 million gallons. Monthly withdrawal data for the wells were compiled in a Microsoft(copyright) Excel 2003 spreadsheet. Groundwater withdrawal data are a compilation of measured and estimated withdrawals obtained from published and unpublished reports, U.S. Geological Survey files, and/or data reported by other agencies. The withdrawal data were collected from 42 wells completed in 33 boreholes. A history of each well is presented in terms of its well construction, borehole lithology, withdrawals, and water levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds567","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement DE-A152-07NA28100","usgsCitation":"Elliott, P.E., and Moreo, M.T., 2011, Groundwater withdrawals and associated well descriptions for the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 567, viii, 124 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds567.","productDescription":"viii, 124 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_567.png"},{"id":22671,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/567/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Peggy E. 0000-0002-7264-664X pelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-664X","contributorId":3805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Peggy","email":"pelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004843,"text":"ofr20111164 - 2011 - Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111164","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1164","title":"Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline","docAbstract":"From April 20 through July 15, 2010, an estimated 4.4 million barrels (1 barrel = 42 gallons [~700,000 cu m]) of crude oil spilled into the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) from the ruptured British Petroleum (BP) Macondo-1 (M-1) well after the explosion of the drilling platform Deepwater Horizon. In addition, ~1.84 million gallons (~7,000 cu m) of hydrocarbon-based Corexit dispersants were applied to the oil both on and below the sea surface (Operational Science Advisory Team, 2010). An estimate of the total extent of the surface oil slick, derived from wind, ocean currents, aerial photography, and satellite imagery, was 68,000 square miles (~180,000 sq km; Amos and Norse, 2010). Spilled oil from this event impacted sensitive habitat along the shores of the nGOM.\n\nIn response to this environmental catastrophe, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected coastal sediment and tarball samples along the shores of the nGOM from Texas to Florida before and after oil made landfall. These sites included priority areas of the nGOM at highest risk for oil contamination. These areas included coastal wetlands, shorelines, and barrier islands that could suffer severe environmental damage if a significant amount of oil came ashore.\n\nSamples were collected before oil reached land from 69 sites; 49 were revisited to collect samples after oil landfall. This poster focuses on the samples from locations that were sampled on both occasions. The USGS samples and one M-1 well-oil sample provided by BP were analyzed for a suite of diagnostic geochemical biomarkers. Aided by multivariate statistical analysis, the M-1 well oil was not detected in the samples collected before landfall but have been identified in sediment and tarballs collected from Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida after landfall. None of the sediment hydrocarbon extracts from Texas correlated with the M-1 well oil. Oil-impacted sediment is confined to the shoreline adjacent to the cumulative oil slick of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and no impact was observed outside of this area. Incorporation of the analytical data in geographical information systems (GIS) offers querying capabilities and visualizations such as those demonstrated here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111164","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., Rosenbauer, R.J., Campbell, P.L., Lam, A., Lorenson, T., Hostettler, F.D., and Thomas, B., 2011, Macondo-1 well oil in sediment and tarballs from the northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1164, Poster; 1 Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111164.","productDescription":"Poster; 1 Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1164.gif"},{"id":24363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,27.5 ], [ -96,31.5 ], [ -82,31.5 ], [ -82,27.5 ], [ -96,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Pamela L.","contributorId":76719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomas, Burt","contributorId":95454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Burt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70004807,"text":"sir20115056 - 2011 - Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5056","title":"Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The New Jersey Pinelands is an ecologically diverse area in the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain, most of which overlies the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The demand for groundwater from this aquifer system is increasing as local development increases. Because any increase in groundwater withdrawals has the potential to affect streamflows and wetland water levels, and ultimately threaten the ecological health and diversity of the Pinelands ecosystem, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission, began a multi-phase hydrologic investigation in 2004 to characterize the hydrologic system supporting the aquatic and wetland communities of the New Jersey Pinelands area (Pinelands). The current investigation of the hydrology of three representative drainage basins in the Pinelands (Albertson Brook, McDonalds Branch, and Morses Mill Stream basins) included a compilation of existing data; collection of water-level and streamflow data; mapping of the water-table altitude and depth to the water table; and analyses of water-level and streamflow variability, subsurface gradients and flow patterns, and water budgets. During 2004-06, a hydrologic database of existing and new data from wells and stream sites was compiled. Methods of data collection and analysis were defined, and data networks consisting of 471 wells and 106 surface-water sites were established. Hydrographs from 26 water-level-monitoring wells and four streamflow-gaging stations were analyzed to show the response of water levels and streamflow to precipitation and recharge with respect to the locations of these wells and streams within each basin. Water-level hydrographs show varying hydraulic gradients and flow potentials, and indicate that responses to recharge events vary with well depth and proximity to recharge and discharge areas. Results of the investigation provide a detailed characterization of hydrologic conditions, processes, and relations among the components of the hydrologic cycle in the Pinelands. In the Pinelands, recharge replenishes the aquifer system and contributes to groundwater flow, most of which moves to wetlands and surface water where natural discharge occurs. Some groundwater flow is intercepted by supply wells. Recharge rates generally are highest during the non-growing season and are inversely related to evapotranspiration. Analysis of subsurface hydraulic gradients, water-table fluctuations, and streamflow variability indicates a strong linkage between groundwater and wetlands, lakes and streams. Gradient analysis indicates that most wetlands are in groundwater discharge areas, but some wetlands are in groundwater recharge areas. The depth to the water table ranges from zero at surface-water features up to about 10 meters in topographically high areas. Depth to water fluctuates seasonally, and the magnitude of these fluctuations generally increases with distance from surface water. Variations in the permeability of the soils and sediments of the aquifer system strongly affect patterns of water movement through the subsurface and the interaction of groundwater with wetlands, lakes and streams. Mean annual streamflow during 2004-06 ranged from 83 to 106 percent of the long-term mean annual discharge, indicating that the data-collection period can be considered representative of average conditions. Measurements of groundwater levels, stream stage, and stream discharge and locations of start-of-flow are illustrated in basin-wide maps of water-table altitude, depth to the water table, and stream base flow during the period. Water-level data collected along 15 hydrologic transects that span the range of environments from uplands through wetlands to surface water were used to determine hydraulic gradients, potential flow directions, and areas of recharge and discharge. These data provide information about the localized interactions of groundwater with wetlands and surface water. Wetlands were categorized with r","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115056","usgsCitation":"Walker, R.L., Nicholson, R.S., and Storck, D.A., 2011, Hydrologic assessment of three drainage basins in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey, 2004-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5056, viii, 101 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115056.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p.; Tables","startPage":"i","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":22680,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186338"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD83","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.05,39.45 ], [ -75.05,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,40 ], [ -74.33333333333333,39.45 ], [ -75.05,39.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storck, Donald A. dstorck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"Donald","email":"dstorck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004753,"text":"sir20115074 - 2011 - Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:01:35","indexId":"sir20115074","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5074","title":"Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009","docAbstract":"The City of Savannah operates an industrial and domestic water-supply intake on Abercorn Creek approximately 2 miles from the confluence with the Savannah River upstream from the Interstate 95 bridge. Chloride concentrations are a major concern for the city because industrial customers require water with low chloride concentrations, and elevated chloride concentrations require additional water treatment in order to meet those needs. The proposed deepening of Savannah Harbor could increase chloride concentrations (the major ion in seawater) in the upper reaches of the lower Savannah River estuary, including Abercorn Creek. To address this concern, mechanistic and empirical modeling approaches were used to simulate chloride concentrations at the city's intake to evaluate potential effects from deepening the Savannah Harbor. The first approach modified the mechanistic Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model developed by Tetra Tech and used for evaluating proposed harbor deepening effects for the Environmental Impact Statement. Chloride concentrations were modeled directly with the EFDC model as a conservative tracer. This effort was done by Tetra Tech under a separate funding agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and documented in a separate report. The second approach, described in this report, was to simulate chloride concentrations by developing empirical models from the available data using artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression models. The empirical models used daily streamflow, specific conductance (field measurement for salinity), water temperature, and water color time series for inputs. Because there are only a few data points that describe the relation between high specific conductance values at the Savannah River at Interstate 95 and the water plant intake, there was a concern that these few data points would determine the extrapolation of the empirical model and potentially underestimate the effect of deepening the harbor on chloride concentrations at the intake. To accommodate these concerns, two ANN chloride models were developed for the intake. The first model (ANN M1e) used all the data. The second model (ANN M2e) only used data when specific conductance at Interstate 95 was less than 175 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Deleting the conductivity data greater than 175 microsiemens per centimeter removed the \"plateau\" effect observed in the data. The chloride simulations with the ANN M1 model have a low sensitivity to specific conductance (salinity) at Interstate 95, whereas the chloride simulations with the ANN M2 model have a high sensitivity to salinity at Interstate 95. The two modeling approaches (Tetra Tech's EFDC model and the one described in this report) were integrated into a decision support system (DSS) that combines the historical database, output from EFDC, ANN models, ANN model simulation controls, streaming graphics, and model output. The DSS was developed as a Microsoft ExcelTM/Visual Basic for Applications program, which allowed the DSS to be prototyped, easily modified, and distributed in a familiar spreadsheet format. The EFDC and ANN models were used to simulate various harbor deepening scenarios. To accommodate the geometry changes in the harbor, the ANN models used the EFDC model-simulated salinity changes for a historical condition as input. The DSS uses a graphical user interface and allows the user to interrogate the ANN models and EFDC output. Two scenarios were simulated using the Savannah Chloride Model DSS to demonstrate different input options. One scenario decreased winter streamflows to a constant streamflow for 45 days. Streamflows during the period January 1 to February 15 were set to a constant 3,600 cubic feet per second for the simulation period of October 1, 2006, to October 1, 2009. The decreased winter streamflow resulted in predictions of increased specific conductance by as much as 50 microsiemens per centimeter and chlorid","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115074","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Roehl, E.A., and Davie, S.R., 2011, Simulation of specific conductance and chloride concentration in Abercorn Creek, Georgia, 2000-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5074, viii, 40 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115074.","productDescription":"viii, 40 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5074.jpg"},{"id":21952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Abercorn Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4,32 ], [ -81.4,32.55 ], [ -80.8,32.55 ], [ -80.8,32 ], [ -81.4,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davie, Steven R.","contributorId":74497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davie","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003987,"text":"70003987 - 2011 - Acute toxicity, histopathology, and coagulopathy in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) following administration of the rodenticie diphacinone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T20:37:30.819752","indexId":"70003987","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity, histopathology, and coagulopathy in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) following administration of the rodenticie diphacinone","docAbstract":"The acute oral toxicity of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was found to be over 20 times greater in American kestrels (Falco sparverius; median lethal dose 96.8 mg/kg body weight) compared with Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Modest evidence of internal bleeding was observed at necropsy, although histological examination of heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and skeletal muscle revealed hemorrhage over a wide range of doses (35.1-675 mg/kg). Residue analysis suggests that the half-life of diphacinone in the liver of kestrels that survived was relatively short, with the majority of the dose cleared within 7 d of exposure. Several precise and sensitive clotting assays (prothrombin time, Russell's viper venom time, thrombin clotting time) were adapted for use in this species, and oral administration of diphacinone at 50 mg/kg increased prothrombin time and Russell?s viper venom time at 48 and 96 h postdose compared with controls. Prolongation of in vitro clotting time reflects impaired coagulation complex activity, and generally corresponded with the onset of overt signs of toxicity and lethality. In view of the toxicity and risk evaluation data derived from American kestrels, the involvement of diphacinone in some raptor mortality events, and the paucity of threshold effects data following short-term dietary exposure for birds of prey, additional feeding trials with captive raptors are warranted to characterize more fully the risk of secondary poisoning.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.490","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Horak, K., Warner, S.E., Day, D.D., Meteyer, C.U., Voler, S.F., Eisemann, J.D., and Johnston, J.J., 2011, Acute toxicity, histopathology, and coagulopathy in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) following administration of the rodenticie diphacinone: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1213-1222, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.490.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1213","endPage":"1222","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-025086","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horak, Katherine E.","contributorId":58760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Katherine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, Sarah E.","contributorId":39925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9070-7170 dday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-7170","contributorId":33440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Daniel","email":"dday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Voler, Steven F.","contributorId":73328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voler","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnston, John J.","contributorId":86289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70004549,"text":"70004549 - 2011 - Counting India's wild tigers reliably","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"70004549","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Counting India's wild tigers reliably","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.332.6031.791-a","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., Gopalaswamy, A., Kumar, N.S., Delampady, M., Nichols, J., Seidensticker, J., Noon, B., and Pimm, S.L., 2011, Counting India's wild tigers reliably: Science, v. 332, no. 6031, p. 791-791, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.332.6031.791-a.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21836,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.332.6031.791-a","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"India","volume":"332","issue":"6031","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. 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