Water-level regulation has altered the plant species composition and thus the structure of nearshore aquatic macrophyte communities in two regulated lakes in northern Minnesota as compared with a nearby unregulated lake. Results of previous faunal studies in the regulated lakes were used as a basis for assessing the effects of vegetation changes on faunal communities. The unregulated lake with mean annual water-level fluctuations of 1.6 m supported structurally diverse plant communities and varied faunal habitat at all depths studied. Mean annual fluctuations on one regulated lake were reduced to 1.1 m, and dense beds of four erect aquatic macrophytes dominated the 1.75-m depth that was never dewatered. We suggest that this lack of plant diversity and structural complexity resulted in diminished habitat for invertebrates, reduced availability of invertebrates as food for waterbirds and fish, reduced winter food supplies for muskrats, and reduced feeding efficiency for adult northern pike, yellow perch, and muskellunge. Mean annual fluctuations in the other regulated lake were increased to 2.7 m, and rosette and mat-forming species dominated the 1.25-m depth that was affected by winter drawdowns. We suggest that the lack of larger canopy plants resulted in poor habitat for invertebrates, reduced availability of invertebrates as food for waterbirds and fish, and poor nursery and adult feeding habitat for many species of fish. In addition, the timing and extent of winter drawdowns reduced access to macrophytes as food for muskrats and as spawning habitat for northern pike and yellow perch. In regulated lakes throughout the world, indirect effects on aquatic fauna resulting from alteration of wetland and aquatic macrophyte communities should be considered when water-level management plans are developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03160609","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D.A., and Meeker, J.E., 1992, Implications for faunal habitat related to altered macrophyte structure in regulated lakes in northern Minnesota: Wetlands, v. 12, no. 3, p. 192-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160609.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2267","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeker, James E.","contributorId":80228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016940,"text":"70016940 - 1992 - The biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the water column of Lake Sammamish, Washington: Response to seasonally anoxic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:55:55","indexId":"70016940","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the water column of Lake Sammamish, Washington: Response to seasonally anoxic conditions","docAbstract":"Total acid‐soluble and dissolved Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the water column of a seasonally anoxic lake (Lake Sammamish, Washington) were measured on a monthly basis during the course of a year. These data, in conjunction with Fe, Mn, sulfide, and nutrient data, are used to assess the biochemical processes controlling the distribution of trace metals in the lake and how the importance of these processes varies with time. Thermodynamic calculations are used to examine changes in dissolved metal speciation in the bottom waters during the year and to assess the saturation state of metal‐sulfide phases. Spatial and temporal changes in the redox conditions of the bottom waters result in increases in dissolved Co and Ni concentrations, peaks in particulate Co profiles, decreases in dissolved Cu and Cr concentrations, and significant changes in dissolved metal speciation during stagnation. The redox‐driven cycling of Fe and Mn in the hypolimnion has a dramatic effect on Co distributions, a slight effect on Ni concentrations, and virtually no effect on Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn concentrations. Biological uptake and regeneration processes result in a correlation between Zn and silicate concentrations throughout the water column, and it appears that biological cycling may also influence the distribution of Cd. During the sulfidic phase of stagnation dissolved Cd concentrations in the bottom waters may be controlled by metal‐sulfide precipitation, Cr(VI) is probably reduced to more particle‐reactive Cr(III) and removed by settling particles, and Cu(II) is most likely reduced to Cu(I) and precipitated as a metal‐sulfide phase.
Rainfall was sampled for pesticides to assess their occurrence in precipitation and potential impacts on water resources. Three areas in Iowa were sampled; two localities were in rural settings, and a third in an urban area. Fourteen pesticides, including ten herbicides and four insecticides, were detected from October 1987 through September 1990. Atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and metolachlor were the most commonly detected, with one or more of these four herbicides found in almost every rainfall sample during the growing season. Concentrations of individual pesticides ranged from 0.1 µg L−1 to 40.0 µg L−1, with most detections under 1.0 µg L−1. Pesticide detections in rainfall began in April and ended in July or August, probably related to the timing of chemical application and greater volatilization rates during warmer weather. Samples from the urban site had detections of the same agricultural chemicals found at the rural sites, but in lesser quantities. In addition to the commonly detected herbicides, three of the four insecticides detected in rainfall were only found in urban samples. Two of these have urban as well as agricultural uses. Some variation of pesticide detections were seen at the three sampling localities, related to regional and local use patterns. Concentrations were greater at sampling sites near fields where pesticides are applied, suggesting that local volatilization and distance of transport affect the concentrations in rainfall. Pesticide concentrations were highest at the beginning of a rainfall event with concentrations becoming lower in samples taken later in the event.
UPWELLING of nutrient-rich Pacific deep water along the North American west coast is ultimately driven by the temperature difference between air masses over land and over the ocean. The intensity of upwelling, and biological production in the region, could therefore be affected by anthropogenic climate change. Examination of the geological record is one way to study the link between climate and upwelling. Because Pacific deep water is enriched in cadmium, dissolved cadmium concentrations in coastal water off central California reflect the intensity of upwelling. By demonstrating that the Cd/Ca ratio in the shell of a benthic foraminifer, Elphidiella hannai, is proportional to the Cd concentration in coastal water, we show here that foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios can be used to detect past changes in mean upwelling intensity. Examination of a sediment core from the mouth of San Francisco Bay reveals that foraminiferal Cd/Ca decreased by about 30% from 4,000 years ago to the present, probably because of a reduction in coastal upwelling. This observation is consistent with predictions of atmospheric general circulation models that northwesterly winds, which drive upwelling, became weaker over this period as summer insolation of the Northern Hemisphere decreased.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/358054a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Luoma, N., Fuller, C.C., Anima, R., Clifton, H., and Trumbore, S., 1992, Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago: Nature, v. 358, no. 6381, p. 54-56, https://doi.org/10.1038/358054a0.","startPage":"54","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61v845hk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"6381","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d59e4b0c8380cd52f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, N.","contributorId":66430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trumbore, S.","contributorId":89287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016911,"text":"70016911 - 1992 - Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:27:24","indexId":"70016911","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction","docAbstract":"Enzymatic uranium reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans readily removed uranium from solution in a batch system or when D. desulfuricans was separated from the bulk of the uranium-containing water by a semipermeable membrane. Uranium reduction continued at concentrations as high as 24 mM. Of a variety of potentially inhibiting anions and metals evaluated, only high concentrations of copper inhibited uranium reduction. Freeze-dried cells, stored aerobically, reduced uranium as fast as fresh cells. D. desulfuricans reduced uranium in pH 4 and pH 7.4 mine drainage waters and in uraniumcontaining groundwaters from a contaminated Department of Energy site. Enzymatic uranium reduction has several potential advantages over other bioprocessing techniques for uranium removal, the most important of which are as follows: the ability to precipitate uranium that is in the form of a uranyl carbonate complex; high capacity for uranium removal per cell; the formation of a compact, relatively pure, uranium precipitate.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00035a023","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 11, p. 2228-2234, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2228","endPage":"2234","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f194e4b0c8380cd4ad04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016968,"text":"70016968 - 1992 - Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T05:23:34","indexId":"70016968","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of purge and trap GC/MS and purgeable organic chloride analysis for monitoring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"A combined field and laboratory study was conducted to compare purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT‐GC/MS) and purgeable organic chloride (POC1) analysis for measuring volatile chlorinated hydro‐carbons (VCH) in ground water. Distilled‐water spike and recovery experiments using 10 VCH indicate that at concentrations greater than 1 /ig/1 recovery is more than 80 percent for both methods with relative standard deviations of about 10 percent. Ground‐water samples were collected from a site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where a shallow unconfined aquifer has been contaminated by VCH, and were analyzed by both methods. Results for PT‐GC/MS and POC1 analysis of the ground‐water samples were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, paired t‐test analysis) and indicated little bias between the two methods. Similar conclusions about concentrations and distributions of VCH in the ground‐water contamination plume were drawn from the two data sets. However, only PT‐GC/MS analysis identified the individual compounds present and determined their concentrations, which was necessary for toxicological and biogeochemical evaluation of the contaminated ground water. POC1 analysis was a complimentary method for use with PT‐GC/MS analysis for identifying samples with VCH concentrations below the detection limit or with high VCH concentrations that require dilution. Use of POC1 as a complimentary monitoring method for PT‐GC/MS can result in more efficient use of analytical resources.
Surface and ground waters, collected over a period of three years from the Osamu Utsumi uranium mine and the Morro do Ferro thorium/rare-earth element (Th/REE) deposits, were analyzed and interpreted to identify the major hydrogeochemical processes. These results provided information on the current geochemical evolution of ground waters for two study sites within the Poços de Caldas Natural Analogue Project.
\nThe ground waters are a K–Fe–SO4–F type, a highly unusual composition related to intense weathering of a hydrothermally altered and mineralized complex of phonolites. Tritium and stable isotope data indicate that ground waters are of meteoric origin and are not affected significantly by evaporation or water–rock interactions. Recharging ground waters at both study sites demonstrate water of less than about 35 years in age, whereas deeper, more evolved ground waters are below 1 TU but still contain in most cases detectable tritium. These deeper ground waters may be interpreted as being of 35 to 60 or more years in age, resulting mainly from an admixture of younger with older ground waters and/or indicating the influence of subsurface produced tritium.
\nGeochemical processes involving water–rock–gas interactions have been modeled using ground water compositions, mineralogic data, ion plots and computations of speciation, non-thermodynamic mass balance and thermodynamic mass transfer. The geochemical reaction models can reproduce the water chemistry and mineral occurrences and they were validated by comparing the results of thermodynamic mass transfer calculations (using the PHREEQE program, Parkhurst et al., 1980). The results from the geochemical reaction models reveal that the dominant processes are production of CO2 in the soil zone through aerobic decay of organic matter, dissolution of fluorite, calcite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite and manganese oxides, oxidation of pyrite and sphalerite, and precipitation of ferric oxides, silica and kaolinite. Gibbsite precipitation can be modeled for the shallow (recharge) water chemistry at Morro do Ferro, consistent with known mineralogy. Recharge waters are undersaturated with respect to barite and discharging waters and deeper ground waters are saturated to supersaturated with respect to barite demonstrating a strong solubility control. Strontium isotope data demonstrate that sources other than calcium-bearing minerals are required to account for the dissolved strontium in the ground waters. These may include K-feldspar, smectite–chlorite mixed-layer clays and goyazite [SrAl3(PO4)2 (OH)5 • H2O].
\n1992.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-89934-7.50011-6","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McNutt, R., Puigdomenech, I., Smellie, J.A., and Wolf, M., 1992, Ground water chemistry and geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions at the Osamu Utsumi mine and the Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 45, no. 1-3, p. 249-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-89934-7.50011-6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aaae4b0c8380cd5b371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, R.H.","contributorId":53097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puigdomenech, I.","contributorId":85337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puigdomenech","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smellie, John A.T.","contributorId":26437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolf, M.","contributorId":43504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016794,"text":"70016794 - 1992 - Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:40:43.361448","indexId":"70016794","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation","docAbstract":"Ice observations and sediment collected in a summer transit through the Northwest Passage provide insights on suspension freezing, the most important sediment entrainment mechanism for the Arctic Ocean. No evidence was seen for entrainment by bottom adfreezing, bluff slumping, river flooding, dragging ice keels, or significant eolian transport from land to sea. Lack of eolian sediment loading in the Northwest Passage, together with that already reported for northern Alaska, eliminates wind as an important source for fine sediment in the pack of the Beaufort Gyre and related parts of the Transpolar Drift. Muddy sediment with pebbles and cobbles, algae with holdfasts, ostracodes with appendages, and well-preserved mollusks and sea urchins were collected from two sites in a 50 km long stretch of turbid ice. These materials indicate that suspension freezing reaching to a water depth of 25–30 m during the previous fall was responsible for entrainment. This mechanism requires rapid ice formation in open, shallow water during a freezing storm, when the ocean becomes supercooled, and frazil and anchor ice attach to and ultimately lift sediment and living organisms to the sea surface. The mechanism, already known to be important in the Beaufort Sea, probably also affects wide, shallow Siberian shelves and leads to cross-shelf transport of shallow-water organisms and dropstones with \"glacial striations\" toward deep basins. This makes distinguishing glacial–interglacial cycles more difficult.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e92-060","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Marincovich, L., McCormick, M., and Briggs, W., 1992, Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 29, no. 4, p. 693-703, https://doi.org/10.1139/e92-060.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"703","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nunavut","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean, Northwest Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.95305233016072,\n 67.79127967404997\n ],\n [\n -90.2465794999633,\n 68.25177352795282\n ],\n [\n -92.5432006496714,\n 76.39918132975427\n ],\n [\n -109.35503607753901,\n 75.13247632904574\n ],\n [\n -102.95305233016072,\n 67.79127967404997\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba318e4b08c986b31fb97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marincovich, L. Jr.","contributorId":16157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincovich","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, M.","contributorId":89670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, W.M.","contributorId":82855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016920,"text":"70016920 - 1992 - Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T15:04:43.034767","indexId":"70016920","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes","docAbstract":"Seasonal sampling across two small lakes shows that phytoplankton patchiness is greatly enhanced during winter ice-cover relative to the open-water seasons of exposure to wind stress and rapid turbulent mixing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/plankt/14.7.1017","issn":"01427873","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Alpine, A., Cole, B., and Heller, T., 1992, Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1017-1024, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/14.7.1017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1024","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8887e4b08c986b316a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, T.","contributorId":83280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016683,"text":"70016683 - 1992 - Arrival times and temporal moments of breakthrough curves for an imperfectly stratified aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T09:42:47","indexId":"70016683","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arrival times and temporal moments of breakthrough curves for an imperfectly stratified aquifer","docAbstract":"Using concepts developed in an earlier study, a solution in Laplace transform space is obtained for transport of resident concentration in an imperfectly but yet highly stratified porous medium. The flow field, into which an instantaneous pulse of tracer is injected, is taken to be steady and mean uniform parallel to the direction of stratification. From this transform-space solution either temporal moments can be derived by taking derivatives with respect to the Laplace parameter, or the transform-space solution can be inverted numerically to obtain breakthrough curves for the mean concentration. When compared to an equivalent solution with a Fickian dispersive flux, these temporal moments indicate the extent to which transport in heterogeneous porous media deviates from classical Fickian behavior. The numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution gives partial breakthrough curves for the mean concentration which have the appearance of conflicting with the derived moment information. A hypothesis is put forth which resolves this apparent conflict; this hypothesis is verified by adding a component of local dispersion to the governing transport equation. On the basis of the flux-averaged concentration a form for the expected probability density function for the arrival time of a tracer particle is derived; arrival time moments and an arrival time cumulative distribution function are available as a consequence. Arrival time moments, as derived from the flux-averaged concentration, do not differ significantly from the resident moments, as derived from the resident concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR02105","usgsCitation":"Naff, R., 1992, Arrival times and temporal moments of breakthrough curves for an imperfectly stratified aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 53-68, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR02105.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed85e4b0c8380cd4985e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naff, R.L.","contributorId":86349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016941,"text":"70016941 - 1992 - Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:12:30","indexId":"70016941","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Rare melt inclusions ~ 100 μm in diameter trapped near the boundaries of corroded patchy zones in plagioclase phenocrysts from Plinian pumice of three Holocene eruptions were analyzed by IR spectroscopy for molecular H2O, OH groups, and CO2and by electron microprobe for Cl and F. The three rhyodacitic eruptions, each of which began with a Plinian phase, occurred over ~200 yr. The Llao Rock and Cleetwood eruptions ended with degassed lava flows and the subsequent climactic eruption with voluminous ignimbrite. Groundmass glass and melt inclusion compositions (anhydrous) are similar. Inclusions with total H2O concentrations of 1.2–3.4 wt% are adjacent to fractures or are hourglass inclusions, suggesting partial degassing caused by depressurization. Melt inclusions in phenocrysts in climactic ignimbrite may have vesiculated for the same reason. Intact inclusions in Plinian pumices have total H2O concentrations believed to represent magmatic H2O contents (wt%): Llao Rock, 5.3, 5.3; Cleetwood,3.8,4.7; climactic 3.9 ± 0.2 (1σ, n = 6). Ratios of OH/molecular H2O indicate closure temperatures of 200–500 °C that reflect syn- or posteruptive cooling. CO2 concentrations are ≤25 ppm. H2O and CO2 concentrations indicate saturation pressures of 1.0–1.8 kbar or depths ≥5 km. Six inclusions from climactic pumice average 400 ± 40 (1σ) ppm F, 1880 ± 70 ppm Cl. F and Cl concentrations of the other samples are similar and not well correlated with each other or with total H2O.
Location of melt inclusions near boundaries of patchy zones, which are mantled by oscillatory-zoned overgrowths, suggests that their H2O concentrations represent magmatic values significantly before eruption. Although mean H2O concentrations of analyzed melt inclusions decrease for the three successive eruptions, it is not certain that this indicates a corresponding change in magmatic H2O content during the interval between eruptions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Newman, S., and Stolper, E., 1992, Water, CO2, Cl, and F in melt inclusions in phenocrysts from three Holocene explosive eruptions, Crater Lake, Oregon: American Mineralogist, v. 77, no. 9-10, p. 1021-1030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1030","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"77","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccd7e4b08c986b32dd60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Sally","contributorId":191450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolper, E.","contributorId":54350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolper","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016759,"text":"70016759 - 1992 - Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T11:31:55","indexId":"70016759","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00029a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D., and Chlou, G., 1992, Effect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 965-970, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00029a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a062de4b0c8380cd5112f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chlou, G.T.","contributorId":98475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chlou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017280,"text":"70017280 - 1992 - Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:31:55","indexId":"70017280","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Iron photoreduction in metal-rich, acidic streams affected by mine drainage accounts for some of the variability in metal chemistry of such streams, producing diel variations in Fe(II). Differentiation of the mechanisms of the Fe photoreduction reaction by a series of in-stream experiments at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, indicates that a homogeneous, solution-phase reaction can occur in the absence of suspended particulate Fe and bacteria, and the rate of reaction is increased by the presence of Fe colloids in the stream water. In-stream Fe photoreduction is limited during the diel cycle by the available Fe(III) in the water column and streambed. The quantum yield of Fe(II) was reproducible in diel measurements: the quantum yield, in mol E-1 (from 300 to 400 nm) was 1.4 ?? 10-3 in 1986, 0.8 ?? 10-3 in 1988 and 1.2 ?? 10-3 in 1989, at the same location and under similar streamflow and stream-chemistry conditions. In a photolysis control experiment, there was no detectable production of Fe(II) above background concentrations in stream-water samples that were experimentally excluded from sunlight. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., Wetherbee, G., and Harnish, R., 1992, Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.): Chemical Geology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 227-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266071,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5370e4b0c8380cd6cab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetherbee, G.A.","contributorId":46136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harnish, R.A.","contributorId":44565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016967,"text":"70016967 - 1992 - Thermal waters along the Konocti Bay fault zone, Lake County, California: a re-evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016967","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal waters along the Konocti Bay fault zone, Lake County, California: a re-evaluation","docAbstract":"The Konocti Bay fault zone (KBFZ), initially regarded by some as a promising target for liquid-dominated geothermal systems, has been a disappointment. At least five exploratory wells were drilled in the vicinity of the KBFZ, but none were successful. Although the Na-K-Ca and Na-Li geothermometers indicate that the thermal waters discharging in the vicinity of Howard and Seigler Springs may have equilibrated at temperatures greater than 200??C, the spring temperatures and fluid discharges are low. Most thermal waters along the KBFZ contain >100 mg/l Mg. High concentrations of dissolved magnesium are usually indicative of relatively cool hydrothermal systems. Dissolution of serpentine at shallow depths may contribute dissolved silica and magnesium to rising thermal waters. Most thermal waters are saturated with respect to amorphous silica at the measured spring temperature. Silica geothermometers and mixing models are useless because the dissolved silica concentration is not controlled by the solubility of either quartz or chalcedony. Cation geothermometry indicates the possibility of a high-temperature fluid (> 200??C) only in the vicinity of Howard and Seigler Springs. However, even if the fluid temperature is as high as that indicated by the geothermometers, the permeability may be low. Deuterium and oxygen-18 values of the thermal waters indicate that they recharged locally and became enriched in oxygen-18 by exchange with rock. Diluting meteoric water and the thermal water appear to have the same deuterium value. Lack of tritium in the diluted spring waters suggest that the diluting water is old. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., Mariner, R.H., White, L.D., Presser, T.S., and Evans, W.C., 1992, Thermal waters along the Konocti Bay fault zone, Lake County, California: a re-evaluation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, no. 1-4, p. 167-183.","startPage":"167","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb263e4b08c986b32578c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44800,"text":"wri904119 - 1992 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 5: Quality of freshwater in aquifers of Louisiana, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:25:44.1667","indexId":"wri904119","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4119","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 5: Quality of freshwater in aquifers of Louisiana, 1988","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904119","usgsCitation":"Tomaszewski, D.J., 1992, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 5: Quality of freshwater in aquifers of Louisiana, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4119, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904119.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.80 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49238.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4119/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.0456,\n 33.0203\n ],\n [\n -94.0456,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 33.0203\n ],\n [\n -94.0456,\n 33.0203\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomaszewski, Dan J.","contributorId":95544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaszewski","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017304,"text":"70017304 - 1992 - Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:45:17","indexId":"70017304","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Samples from two peat-forming environments of Holocene and Miocene age in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, were studied petrographically using nearly identical sample preparation and microscopic methodologies. Both deposits consist of two basic types of organic material: plant organs/tissues and fine-grained matrix. There are seven predominant types of plant organs and tissues: roots possessing only primary growth, stems possessing only primary growth, leaves, stems/roots with secondary growth, secondary xylem fragments, fragments of cork cells, and macerated tissue of undetermined origin. The fine-grained matrix consists of fragments of cell walls and cell fillings, fungal remains, spores and pollen grains, and resin. Some of the matrix material does not have distinct grain boundaries (at ??500) and this material is designated amorphous matrix. The major difference between the Holocene peat and Miocene lignite in reflected light, oil immersion is a loss of red coloration in the cell walls of tissue in the lignite, presumably due to loss of cellulosic compounds. In addition, cortex and phloem tissue (hence primary roots and stems) are difficult to recognize in the lignite, probably because these large, thin-walled tissues are more susceptible to microbial degradation and compaction. Particle size in both peat and lignite samples display a bimodal distribution when measurements are transformed to a - log2 or phi (??), scale. Most plant parts have modes of 2-3?? (0.25 - 0.125 mm), whereas the finer-grained particulate matrix has modes of 7-9?? (0.008-0.002 mm). This similarity suggest certain degradative processes. The 2-3?? range may be a \"stable\" size for plant parts (regardless of origin) because this is a characteristics of a substrate which is most suitable for plant growth in peat. The finer-grained matrix material (7-9??) probably results from fungal decay which causes plant material to weaken and with slight physical pressure to shatter into its component parts, i.e. fragments of cell walls and fillings. The absence of differences in particle size between the peat and lignite also indicate little compaction of organic components; rather an extreme loss in water content and pore space has occurred from between the particles of organic material. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Moore, T., and Hilbert, R., 1992, Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 72, no. 3-4, p. 199-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E.","startPage":"199","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269788,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(92)90027-E"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a778ae4b0c8380cd7850a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, T.A.","contributorId":91101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilbert, R.E.","contributorId":12206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilbert","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85617,"text":"85617 - 1992 - Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:07","indexId":"85617","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Despite a long history of human manipulation, the most dramatic changes in the upper Mississippi River occurred in the 1930s with construction of a lock and dam system to facilitate the commercial transport of commodities. In 1988, barge traffic through the system ranged from 7,500 tows per year at Lock and Dam 26 (near Alton, Illinois) to 1, 118 at Lock and Dam 1 (in Minneapolis/St. Paul). The tow-teed dam system created a diversity of lentic habitats, but it also changed the stage and sediment transport characteristics of the river. The principal fishery-related water quality issues of this modified system concern the effects of sediments and toxic contaminants from nonpoint sources. Between 42 and 99% of the streams in the five states of the Mississippi River basin fail to fully support their designated uses because of pollution. primarily from nonpoint sources (e.g., 73% in Minnesota, 98% in Wisconsin, 75% in Illinois). Annual sediment inputs into the upper Mississippi River basin range from minimal in the upper reaches to about 210.000 kg/hectare in the lower reaches. This sediment results in significant losses of fishery habitat. Although bnly 5 to 9% of the total open water area of many pools had been lost by 1975, those losses were in highly productive side channel and backwater areas. Under existing conditions, a loss of an additional 22 to 49% of existing lentic habitats is predicted within 50 years. In addition, toxic contaminants transported along with fine sediments have become more available to stream biota. Although significant interagency efforts have been made to evaluate the impacts on biotic communities of the river. present data are inadequate to determine how changes in water quality affect the fisheries. This lack of data undermines our ability to judge the success of programs initiated to control pollution from point and nonpoint sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water quality in North American river systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","publisherLocation":"Columbus, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Holland Bartels, L.E., 1992, Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River, chap. of Water quality in North American river systems, 159-180.","productDescription":"159-180","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b47","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Becker, C.D.","contributorId":19773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504575,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neitzel, D.A.","contributorId":100905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzel","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96622,"text":"96622 - 1992 - Preliminary analysis of impacts of agricultural drainage evaporation ponds on wintering waterfow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"96622","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Preliminary analysis of impacts of agricultural drainage evaporation ponds on wintering waterfow","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Report developed for California Department of Fish and Game.","usgsCitation":"Barnum, D.A., 1992, Preliminary analysis of impacts of agricultural drainage evaporation ponds on wintering waterfow, Report developed for California Department of Fish and Game.","productDescription":"Report developed for California Department of Fish and Game.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":127065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnum, D. A.","contributorId":62536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnum","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186911,"text":"70186911 - 1992 - Use of oxygen/hydrogen isotopes in generalizing recharge areas, Lee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T18:41:12","indexId":"70186911","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of oxygen/hydrogen isotopes in generalizing recharge areas, Lee County, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National symposium on the Future availability of ground water resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krulikas, R., 1992, Use of oxygen/hydrogen isotopes in generalizing recharge areas, Lee County, Florida, in Proceedings of the National symposium on the Future availability of ground water resources, p. 93-100.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e65e4b06911a29fa880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krulikas, R.K.","contributorId":81102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krulikas","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017053,"text":"1017053 - 1992 - Evaluation of the effects of candidate molluscicides on two nontarget bivalves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"1017053","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the effects of candidate molluscicides on two nontarget bivalves","docAbstract":"A variety of molluscicides have been proposed for use in control of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), but their effect on nontarget aquatic organisms has not been evaluated. Standard methods were adapted for assessing the toxicity of candidate molluscicides to two nontarget bivalves. Fingernail clams, Musculium transversum, and the fawnfoot mussel, Truncilla donaciformis, were selected to represent the two families of native bivalves. Test organisms were collected from pools 6 to 9 of the Upper Mississippi River near La Crosse, WI. Static acute toxicity tests were conducted for 48 hours followed by a 96-hour monitoring period in untreated water to more fully assess survival and mortality. Toxicity data were analyzed by probit analysis to give LC sub(50) values and 95% confidence limits. The same chemicals as those tested at Ohio State University were evaluated against zebra mussels. Results from these studies and those conducted at Ohio State University will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of chemicals in zebra mussel control and their potential hazard to nontarget organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"00775711","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Marking, L.L., and Rach, J., 1992, Evaluation of the effects of candidate molluscicides on two nontarget bivalves: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 11, no. 1.","productDescription":"p. 241","startPage":"241","numberOfPages":"241","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}