Since 1992, Devils Lake in northeastern North Dakota has risen nearly 30 feet, destroying hundreds of homes, inundating thousands of acres of productive farmland, and costing more than $1 billion for road raises, levee construction, and other flood mitigation measures. In 2011, the lake level is expected to rise at least another 2 feet above the historical record set in 2010 (1,452.0 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929), cresting less than 4 feet from the lake's natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,458.0 feet). In an effort to slow the rising lake and reduce the chance of an uncontrolled spill, the State of North Dakota is considering options to expand a previously constructed outlet from the west end of Devils Lake or construct a second outlet from East Devils Lake. Future outlet discharges from Devils Lake, when combined with downstream receiving waters, need to be in compliance with applicable Clean Water Act requirements. This study was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality, to evaluate the various outlet alternatives with respect to their effect on downstream water quality and their ability to control future lake levels.
A Devils Lake stochastic simulation model developed in previous studies was modified and combined with a downstream stochastic routing model developed for this study to simulate future (2011–30) Devils Lake levels and water quality, and outlet discharges, flows, and water quality (specifically, dissolved sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations) for key downstream locations. Outlet alternatives include: (1) a 250 cubic feet per second west-end outlet (the current outlet) combined with a 250 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W250E250); (2) a 350 cubic feet per second west-end outlet combined with a 250 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W350E250); and (3) a 250 cubic feet per second west-end outlet combined with a 350 cubic feet per second east-end outlet (W250E350). In addition to satisfying current (2011) flow and water-quality requirements for the upper Sheyenne River, each of the outlet options was simulated with a less restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (750 milligrams per liter) and a more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (650 milligrams per liter) for the outflows from Baldhill Dam. Thus, there were a total of six outlet scenarios (three outlet alternatives, each with the less restrictive and more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint). In addition, a baseline simulation in which there were no outlet discharges was used for comparison with the outlet simulations.
Simulation results indicate all six outlet scenarios substantially reduce, but do not eliminate, the chance of a spill. For the baseline simulation, the chance of a spill would be 0.6 percent this year (2011), about 14 percent by next year (2012), about 28 percent by 2015, and about 45 percent by 2030. The outlet scenarios reduce the chance of a spill to 0.2 percent this year, about 9 percent next year, 14 to 15 percent by 2015, and 17 to 19 percent by 2030. The chances of a spill are slightly less for the larger outlets (W350E250 and W250E350) compared with the smaller outlet (W250E250) and slightly greater for the more restrictive downstream sulfate constraint (650 milligrams per liter) compared with the less restrictive constraint (750 milligrams per liter). All of the outlet scenarios prevent most spills that would have occurred after 2015, but many of the spills that occur before 2015 are not prevented by any of the outlet scenarios.
All of the outlet scenarios are effective for drawing the lake down in future years, but the more restrictive downstream constraint results in slower drawdown compared with the less restrictive constraint. For the baseline condition, the chance the lake would be above 1,450.0 feet is 99 percent in 2015 and 38 percent in 2030. For the outlet scenarios with the 750 milligrams per liter downstream constraint, the chance is 55 to 63 percent in 2015 and about 5 percent in 2030. For the outlet scenarios with the 650 milligrams per liter downstream constraint, the chance is 75 to 80 percent in 2015 and about 6 percent in 2030.
The 90th percentiles of simulated monthly average sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations for downstream sites were used as a measure of concentrations that may be expected to occur during relatively dry years when Devils Lake water could provide a substantial part of downstream flows. The percentiles were similar among the three outlet alternatives (W250E250, W350E250, and W250E350). However, the percentiles were sensitive to the downstream sulfate constraint. During periods of declining lake levels and relatively low downstream flows, the 650 milligrams per liter downstream sulfate constraint resulted in reduced outlet discharges and lower downstream concentrations compared with the 750 milligrams per liter constraint. For the 750 milligrams per liter constraint, the 90th percentile concentration for the Red River of the North at Halstad peaked at about 500–550 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,200–1,250 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–15 and declined to about 300 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 800 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. The 90th percentile concentration for the Red River of the North at Emerson peaked at about 450–500 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,150–1,200 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–15 and declined to about 200–250 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 750 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. For the 650 milligrams per liter constraint, the 90th percentile concentration for the Halstad site peaked at about 400 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 1,000 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–17 and declined to about 300 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 800 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025. The 90th percentile concentration for the Emerson site peaked at about 350 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 950 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2013–17 and declined to about 275 milligrams per liter of sulfate and 750 milligrams per liter of total dissolved solids during 2025.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2011, Simulation of the effects of Devils Lake outlet alternatives on future lake levels and downstream water quality in the Sheyenne River and Red River of the North: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5050, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115050.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95250.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5050.jpg"}],"scale":"12000000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devils Lake,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49965368785013,\n 48.373879155624735\n ],\n [\n -99.49965368785013,\n 47.70188428426323\n ],\n [\n -98.16471667645847,\n 47.70188428426323\n ],\n [\n -98.16471667645847,\n 48.373879155624735\n ],\n [\n -99.49965368785013,\n 48.373879155624735\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004688,"text":"tm6A34 - 2011 - MODFLOW-LGR-Modifications to the streamflow-routing package (SFR2) to route streamflow through locally refined grids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"tm6A34","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A34","title":"MODFLOW-LGR-Modifications to the streamflow-routing package (SFR2) to route streamflow through locally refined grids","docAbstract":"This report documents modifications to the Streamflow-Routing Package (SFR2) to route streamflow through grids constructed using the multiple-refined-areas capability of shared node Local Grid Refinement (LGR) of MODFLOW-2005. MODFLOW-2005 is the U.S. Geological Survey modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model. LGR provides the capability to simulate groundwater flow by using one or more block-shaped, higher resolution local grids (child model) within a coarser grid (parent model). LGR accomplishes this by iteratively coupling separate MODFLOW-2005 models such that heads and fluxes are balanced across the shared interfacing boundaries. Compatibility with SFR2 allows for streamflow routing across grids. LGR can be used in two- and three-dimensional, steady-state and transient simulations and for simulations of confined and unconfined groundwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A34","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S.W., and Hill, M.C., 2011, MODFLOW-LGR-Modifications to the streamflow-routing package (SFR2) to route streamflow through locally refined grids: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A34, v, 12 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A34.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_A34.gif"},{"id":21914,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a34/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004686,"text":"ofr20111122 - 2011 - Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T08:36:24","indexId":"ofr20111122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1122","title":"Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California","docAbstract":"Background and Objectives\n\nThe Little Bonanza mercury (Hg) mine, located in San Luis Obispo County, California, is a relatively small mine with, a historical total Hg production of about 1,000 flasks. The mine workings and tailings are located in the headwaters of the previously unnamed west fork of Las Tablas Creek (WF Las Tablas Creek), which flows into the Nacimiento Reservoir. Wasterock and tailings eroded from the Little Bonanza Hg Mine have contributed Hg-enriched mine wastes to the headwaters of WF Las Tablas Creek. The mine is located on Federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in tailings, sediment, water, and biota at and downstream from the minesite. This report is in response that request, from the lead agency which is mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from the Little Bonanza minesite as a means of reducing Hg transport to WF Las Tablas Creek.\n\nThis report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings, wasterock, sediment, water, and biota at the Little Bonanza Mine that was completed on April 6, 2010. Conditions during sampling were dry and no rain had occurred in the watershed for several weeks. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the mining sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could produce elevated levels of monomethyl mercury (MMeHg) in WF Las Tablas Creek and in biota.\nHistory and Geology\n\nThe history of the Little Bonanza Hg mine is summarized here from Yates (1943) and other references as cited. The Little Bonanza Mine, located 20 mi west of Paso Robles, was discovered in 1862. Although production was minor until 1900, from 1900 to 1906, the mine produced about 1,000 flasks of Hg. Intermittent production continued into the 1940s but was relatively limited. Underground workings, now caved and inaccessible, include about 3,000 ft of drifts, crosscuts, and raises on three levels extending 260 ft downward.\n\nThe workings at the Little Bonanza Mine explore a zone of fault breccia, which trends northwest. The breccia is composed of fragments of sandstone, greenstone, serpentine, and chert in a shale matrix. The serpentine has been hydrothermally altered to silica-carbonate rock, and the Hg deposit is hosted within the zone of alteration. The veins are discontinuous and irregular, but form a steplike pattern along the fault zone. The principal mineralization occurring in the veins is irregular, consisting of disseminated zones of cinnabar. Most of the veins in the mine area contain cinnabar.\nSample Sites and Methods\n\nSamples were collected to assess the concentrations of Hg and biogeochemically relevant constituents in tailings and wasterock piles at the Little Bonanza Hg mine. Tailings are present adjacent to a three-pipe retort used to process the Hg ore. The tailings occur in the upper 15 cm of the soil adjacent to the retort and slag from the retort is present on the surface. An area of disturbed soil and rock uphill from the retort was likely formed during construction of a dam that provided water for mining activities. Wasterock in these piles was sampled. The largest amount of tailings is exposed to the west of the retort in the bank of WF Las Tablas Creek. Water, sediment, and biota were sampled from WF Las Tablas Creek, which flows through the mine area. Sample-site locations are shown in figures 10 and 11 and listed in table 1. Samples were collected when streamflow was low and no precipitation had occurred.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111122","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., Goldstein, D., Brussee, B.E., and May, J., 2011, Review of samples of water, sediment, tailings, and biota at the Little Bonanza mercury mine, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1122, vii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111122.","productDescription":"vii, 11 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":266,"text":"Environmental Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1122.gif"},{"id":21913,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,35.3 ], [ -121,35.6 ], [ -120.5,35.6 ], [ -120.5,35.3 ], [ -121,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673ec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel N.","contributorId":87671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208570,"text":"70208570 - 2011 - Monitoring of urban subsidence with SAR interferometric point target analysis: A case study in Suzhou, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:00:56","indexId":"70208570","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T10:49:45","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring of urban subsidence with SAR interferometric point target analysis: A case study in Suzhou, China","docAbstract":"Ground subsidence, mainly caused by over exploitation of groundwater and other underground resources, such as oil, gas and coal, occurs in many cities in China. The annual direct loss associated with subsidence across the country is estimated to exceed 100 million US dollar. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) is a powerful tool to map ground deformation at an unprecedented level of spatial detail. It has been widely used to investigate the deformation resulting from earthquakes, volcanoes and subsidence. Repeat-pass InSAR, however, may fail due to impacts of spatial decorrelation, temporal decorrelation and heterogeneous refractivity of atmosphere. In urban areas, a large amount of natural stable radar reflectors exists, such as buildings and engineering structures, at which radar signals can remain coherent during a long time interval. Interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) technique, also known as persistent scatterers (PS) InSAR is based on these reflectors. It overcomes the shortfalls in conventional InSAR. This paper presents a procedure for urban subsidence monitoring with IPTA. Calculation of linear deformation rate and height residual, and the non-linear deformation estimate, respectively, are discussed in detail. Especially, the former is highlighted by a novel and easily implemented 2-dimensional spatial search algorithm. Practically useful solutions that can significantly improve the robustness of IPTA, are recommended. Finally, the proposed procedure is applied to mapping the ground subsidence in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China. Thirty-four ERS-1/2 SAR scenes are analyzed, and the deformation information over 38,881 point targets between 1992 and 2000 are generated. The IPTA-derived deformation estimates correspond well with leveling measurements, demonstrating the potential of the proposed subsidence monitoring procedure based on IPTA technique. Two shortcomings of the IPTA-based procedure, e.g., the requirement of large number of SAR images and assumed linear plus non-linear deformation model, are discussed as the topics of further research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2011.05.003","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Wu, H., Lu, Z., and Guangtong, S., 2011, Monitoring of urban subsidence with SAR interferometric point target analysis: A case study in Suzhou, China: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 13, no. 5, p. 812-818, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2011.05.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"818","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Jaingsu Province","city":"Suzhou","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 120.08605957031249,\n 30.855079286968596\n ],\n [\n 121.14898681640626,\n 30.855079286968596\n ],\n [\n 121.14898681640626,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n 120.08605957031249,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n 120.08605957031249,\n 30.855079286968596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yonghong","contributorId":82563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yonghong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jixian","contributorId":169427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jixian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Hongan","contributorId":222562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Hongan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guangtong, Sun","contributorId":222563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guangtong","given":"Sun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156441,"text":"70156441 - 2011 - Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:52:26.896721","indexId":"70156441","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California","docAbstract":"Revisions to the California Forest Practice Rules since 1974 were intended to increase protection of water quality in streams draining timber harvest areas. The effects of improved timber harvesting methods and road designs on sediment loading are assessed for the Panther Creek basin, a 15.4 km2 watershed in Humboldt County, north coastal California. We compute land use statistics, analyze suspended sediment discharge rating curves, and compare sediment yields in Panther Creek to a control (unlogged) stream, Little Lost Man Creek. From 1978 to 2008, 8.2 km2 (over half the watershed) was clearcut and other timber management activities (thinning, selection cuts, and so forth) affected an additional 5.9 km2. Since 1984, 40.7 km of streams in harvest units received riparian buffer strip protection. Between 2000 and 2009, 22 km of roads were upgraded and 9.7 km were decommissioned, reducing potential sediment production by an estimated 40,000 m3. Road density is currently 3.1 km/km2. Sediment rating curves from 2005 to 2010 indicate a decrease in suspended sediment concentrations when compared to the pre-1996 period, although Panther Creek still has a higher sediment yield on a per unit area basis than the control stream.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the coast redwood forests in a changing California: A symposium for scientists and managers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Redwood Science Symposium: Coast Redwood Forests in a Changing California","conferenceDate":"June 21-23 2011","conferenceLocation":"Santa Cruz, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Bundros, G., and Klein, R., 2011, Assessing effects of changing land use practices on sediment loads in Panther Creek, north coastal California, in Proceedings of the coast redwood forests in a changing California: A symposium for scientists and managers, Santa Cruz, California, June 21-23 2011, p. 101-110.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030336","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.222412109375,\n 41.74979958661997\n ],\n [\n -123.96835327148436,\n 41.74979958661997\n ],\n [\n -123.96835327148436,\n 41.999304591234996\n ],\n [\n -124.222412109375,\n 41.999304591234996\n ],\n [\n -124.222412109375,\n 41.74979958661997\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f4ee4b0824b2d147747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bundros, Greg","contributorId":146856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundros","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Randy","contributorId":146857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003536,"text":"70003536 - 2011 - Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T17:07:24","indexId":"70003536","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T16:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)","title":"Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)","docAbstract":"The Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selaphorus platycercus) breeds at higher elevations in the central and southern Rockies, eastern California, and Mexico and has been studied for 8 years in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Questions regarding the relatedness of Broad-tailed Hummingbirds banded together and then recaptured in close time proximity in later years led us to isolate and develop primers for 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In a screen of 25 individuals from a population in Rocky Mountain National Park, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to 16 alleles. No loci were found to depart from linkage disequilibrium, although two loci revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These 10 microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, investigation of mating systems and relatedness, and may help gain insight into the migration timing and routes for this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-010-9360-9","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J., Talley-Farnham, T., Engelman, T., and Engelman, F., 2011, Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus): Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 3, no. 2, p. 351-353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-010-9360-9.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"353","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A.","contributorId":54468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talley-Farnham, Tiffany","contributorId":33988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talley-Farnham","given":"Tiffany","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelman, Tena","contributorId":107563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelman","given":"Tena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelman, Fred","contributorId":19436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelman","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004577,"text":"70004577 - 2011 - Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70004577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The coastal red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands from Florida 100 yr ago and has spread to cover many shallow intertidal shorelines that once were unvegetated mudflats. We used a field survey approach to test whether mangroves at the land-ocean interface could indicate watershed inputs, especially whether measurements of leaf chemistry could identify coasts with high nutrient inputs and high mangrove productivities. During 2001-2002, we sampled mangroves on dry leeward coasts of southern Moloka'i and O'ahu for 14 leaf variables including stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (delta13C, delta15N), macronutrients (C, N, P), trace elements (B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), and cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca). A new modeling approach using leaf Na, N, P, and delta13C indicated two times higher productivity for mangroves in urban versus rural settings, with rural mangroves more limited by low N and P nutrients and high-nutrient urban mangroves more limited by freshwater inputs and salt stress. Leaf chemistry also helped identify other aspects of mangrove dynamics: especially leaf delta15N values helped identify groundwater N inputs, and a combination of strongly correlated variables (C, N, P, B, Cu, Mg, K, Ca) tracked the mangrove growth response to nutrient loading. Overall, the chemical marker approach is an efficient way to survey watershed forcing of mangrove forest dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","doi":"10.2984/65.2.219","usgsCitation":"Fry, B., and Cormier, N., 2011, Chemical ecology of red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, in the Hawaiian Islands: Pacific Science, v. 65, no. 2, p. 219-234, https://doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474988,"rank":201,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21849,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2984/65.2.219","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fry, Brian","contributorId":60367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003930,"text":"70003930 - 2011 - Characterization of environmental cues for initiation of reproductive cycling and spawning in shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the Lower Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:01:35","indexId":"70003930","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of environmental cues for initiation of reproductive cycling and spawning in shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the Lower Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"We presume that the shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) has evolved to spawn in the springtime when environmental conditions are at some optimum, but this state has not yet been defined. In this study physiological readiness to spawn in shovelnose sturgeon was examined to define more closely when spawning could occur and thus identify and evaluate prevailing environmental conditions that could cue spawning during that period. Reproductive assessments of Lower Missouri River shovelnose during 4 years (2005-2008) and at two locations (Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Boonville, Missouri) were used to identify shovelnose sturgeon spawning periods. Initiation of the spawning period, as defined by the presence of reproductively ready fish, was a highly predictable yearly event and extended over several weeks at each reach. The spawning period occurred earlier in the lower reach than in the upper reach and environmental conditions during the periods varied between locations and among years. Shovelnose sturgeon collected during the presumed spawning periods were at varying degrees of readiness to spawn as indicated by oocyte polarization index and blood reproductive hormones. Evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on readiness to spawn using stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated photoperiod followed by temperature were the best candidate variables overall to explain the trend. However, within geographically distinct populations gravid females are not all reproductively synchronized. Assuming that this apparent asynchrony in readiness is normal and not an artifact of the disturbed Missouri River system, we infer that individual sturgeon can persist in a reproductively ready state until conditions appropriate for spawning occur. Taken together, our results lead us to hypothesize that gravid females early in the reproductive cycle (post-vitellogenesis) respond to day length, a reliable annual cue, become increasingly more ready to spawn in response to temperature, and that another set of cues, short-term and specific for localized environmental conditions or events, serve to signal ovulation and release of gametes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01657.x","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D., DeLonay, A., Annis, M., Wildhaber, M., and Tillitt, D.E., 2011, Characterization of environmental cues for initiation of reproductive cycling and spawning in shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the Lower Missouri River, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 335-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01657.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01657.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.020751953125,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -89.703369140625,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -89.703369140625,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -95.020751953125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -95.020751953125,\n 37.666429212090605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49afe4b07f02db5c8d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, D. 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Work on the Mississippi map was done in collaboration with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Geology. The earthquake data plotted on the map are from several sources: the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information, the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, and the Arkansas Geological Survey. In addition to earthquake locations, other materials include seismic hazard and isoseismal maps and related text.\n\nEarthquakes are a legitimate concern in Mississippi and parts of adjacent States. Mississippi has undergone a number of felt earthquakes since 1811. At least two of these events caused property damage: a magnitude 4.7 earthquake in 1931, and a magnitude 4.3 earthquake in 1967. The map shows all historical and instrumentally located earthquakes in Mississippi and vicinity between 1811 and 2010. The largest historic earthquake in the vicinity of the State was an intensity XI event, on December 16, 1811; the first earthquake in the New Madrid sequence. This violent event and the earthquakes that followed caused considerable damage to the then sparsely settled region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111117","usgsCitation":"Dart, R.L., and Bograd, M.B., 2011, Earthquakes in Mississippi and vicinity 1811-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1117, 1 Plate: 48.02 x 36.00 inches; Download Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111117.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 48.02 x 36.00 inches; Download Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1811-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1117.png"},{"id":414580,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95252.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1100000","projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2556,\n 29.8603\n ],\n [\n -92.2556,\n 35.5858\n ],\n [\n -87.4389,\n 35.5858\n ],\n [\n -87.4389,\n 29.8603\n ],\n [\n -92.2556,\n 29.8603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bograd, Michael B. E.","contributorId":45048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bograd","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004677,"text":"ofr20111118 - 2011 - Earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity 1699-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:49:39.797503","indexId":"ofr20111118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1118","title":"Earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity 1699-2010","docAbstract":"This map summarizes approximately 300 years of earthquake activity in Arkansas. It is one in a series of similar State earthquake history maps. Work on the Arkansas map was done in collaboration with the Arkansas Geological Survey. The earthquake data plotted on the map are from several sources: the Arkansas Geological Survey, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information, the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. In addition to earthquake locations, other materials presented include seismic hazard and isoseismal maps and related text.\n\nEarthquakes are a legitimate concern in Arkansas and parts of adjacent states. Arkansas has undergone a number of significant felt earthquakes since 1811. At least two of these events caused property damage: a magnitude 4.7 earthquake in 1931, and a magnitude 4.3 earthquake in 1967. The map shows all historical and instrumentally located earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity between 1811 and 2010. The largest historic earthquake in the vicinity of the State was an intensity XI event, on December 16, 1811; the first earthquake in the New Madrid sequence. This violent event and the earthquakes that followed caused considerable damage to the then sparsely settled region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111118","usgsCitation":"Dart, R.L., and Ausbrooks, S.M., 2011, Earthquakes in Arkansas and vicinity 1699-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1118, 1 Plate: 46.74 x 35.06 inches; Download Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111118.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.74 x 35.06 inches; Download Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1699-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1118.png"},{"id":414579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95253.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1150000","projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.25,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 32.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ausbrooks, Scott M.","contributorId":11071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausbrooks","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004679,"text":"sir20115061 - 2011 - On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T10:06:19","indexId":"sir20115061","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-20T10:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5061","title":"On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus)","docAbstract":"Two in-situ exposure studies were conducted with the federally-listed endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). One-year-old adults were exposed in cages deployed at three sites in the Middle Rio Grande, N. Mex., for 4 days to assess survival and for 26 days to evaluate survival, growth, overall health, and whole-body elemental composition. The test sites were located on the Pueblo of Isleta in the (1) main channel of the Middle Rio Grande, (2) 240-Wasteway irrigation return drain, and (3) wetted instream habitat created below the outfall of the 240-Wasteway irrigation return drain. During the cage exposures, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and turbidity were monitored continuously (15-minute intervals) and common constituents, nutrients, carbons, metals, and pesticides were measured at discrete intervals. In both studies, there were statistical differences in several water-quality parameters among sites; and except for turbidity, these differences were small and were not considered to be biologically significant. The cages used in the 4-day exposure study were ineffective at preventing access to the fish by predators, and survival was highly variable (20 percent to 90 percent) across sites. In the 26-day chronic exposure study, weight and condition factor of caged-exposed fish at all sites were significantly lower than those at test initiation. After 26 days of exposure, there were no significant differences in survival, total length, weight, or condition factor of fish across sites, but absolute weight loss and relative reduction in condition factor were significantly greater in fish at the wetted instream habitat site compared to those at the Middle Rio Grande site. There were no statistical differences in health assessment indices, mesenteric fat indices, or prevalence of abnormalities in cage-exposed fish among sites. Cage-exposed fish had higher health assessment indices and prevalence of fin anomalies and a lower mesenteric fat indices compared to pre-exposed fish. Prevalence of macrophage aggregates in the kidney, liver, and spleen of caged-exposed fish was similar across sites and also was similar to those in pre-exposed fish. Absolute and relative weight loss and relative reduced condition factors were inversely correlated with water depth in the cages, which were the lowest at the WIH site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115061","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, On-site evaluation of the suitability of a wetted instream habitat in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, for the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5061, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115061.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21904,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5061.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Of Isleta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.83333333333333,34.8 ], [ -106.83333333333333,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,34.8 ], [ -106.83333333333333,34.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db69199d"} ,{"id":70199586,"text":"70199586 - 2011 - Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-07T15:05:03.70691","indexId":"70199586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T22:09:06","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"In a 2,700-km 2 area in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California (USA), data from multiple sources were used to determine interrelations among hydrogeologic factors, reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate (NO 3), a widely detected groundwater contaminant. Groundwater is predominantly modern, or mixtures of modern water, with detectable NO 3 and oxic redox conditions, but some zones have anoxic or mixed redox conditions. Anoxic conditions were associated with long residence times that occurred near the valley trough and in areas of historical groundwater discharge with shallow depth to water. Anoxic conditions also were associated with interactions of shallow, modern groundwater with soils. NO 3 concentrations were significantly lower in anoxic than oxic or mixed redox groundwater, primarily because residence times of anoxic waters exceed the duration of increased pumping and fertilizer use associated with modern agriculture. Effects of redox reactions on NO 3 concentrations were relatively minor. Dissolved N 2 gas data indicated that denitrification has eliminated gt;5 mg/L NO 3-N in about 10% of 39 wells. Increasing NO 3 concentrations over time were slightly less prevalent in anoxic than oxic or mixed redox groundwater. Spatial and temporal trends of NO 3 are primarily controlled by water and NO 3 fluxes of modern land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0750-1","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Green, C.T., Belitz, K., Singleton, M.J., and Esser, B.K., 2011, Relations of hydrogeologic factors, groundwater reduction-oxidation conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, p. 1203-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0750-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1224","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 37.90953361677018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c615e4b034bf6a7f387e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singleton, Michael J.","contributorId":44400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esser, Bradley K.","contributorId":33161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004670,"text":"ofr20111131 - 2011 - A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20111131","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T16:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1131","title":"A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed","docAbstract":"Trends derived from multitemporal land-cover data can be used to make informed land management decisions and to help managers model future change scenarios. We developed a multitemporal land-use/land-cover dataset for the binational Santa Cruz watershed of southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico by creating a series of land-cover maps at decadal intervals (1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009) using Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper data and a classification and regression tree classifier. The classification model exploited phenological changes of different land-cover spectral signatures through the use of biseasonal imagery collected during the (dry) early summer and (wet) late summer following rains from the North American monsoon. Landsat images were corrected to remove atmospheric influences, and the data were converted from raw digital numbers to surface reflectance values. The 14-class land-cover classification scheme is based on the 2001 National Land Cover Database with a focus on \"Developed\" land-use classes and riverine \"Forest\" and \"Wetlands\" cover classes required for specific watershed models. The classification procedure included the creation of several image-derived and topographic variables, including digital elevation model derivatives, image variance, and multitemporal Kauth-Thomas transformations. The accuracy of the land-cover maps was assessed using a random-stratified sampling design, reference aerial photography, and digital imagery. This showed high accuracy results, with kappa values (the statistical measure of agreement between map and reference data) ranging from 0.80 to 0.85.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111131","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1131, iv, 25 p.; Appendix; Readme File; Metadata; ZIP Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111131.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendix; Readme File; Metadata; ZIP Data","startPage":"i","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1131.gif"},{"id":21901,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.16666666666667,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.16666666666667,32.166666666666664 ], [ -110,32.166666666666664 ], [ -110,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.16666666666667,30.216666666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade0e"} ,{"id":70004669,"text":"sir20115082 - 2011 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115082","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T16:50:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5082","title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey analyzed pesticide and trace-element concentration data from the Hood River basin collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) from 1999 through 2009 to determine the distribution and concentrations of pesticides in the basin's surface waters. Instream concentrations were compared to (1) national and State water-quality standards established to protect aquatic organisms and (2) concentrations that cause sublethal or lethal effects in order to assess their potential to adversely affect the health of salmonids and their prey organisms. Three salmonid species native to the basin are listed as \"threatened\" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: bull trout, steelhead, and Chinook salmon.\n\nA subset of 16 sites was sampled every year by the ODEQ for pesticides, with sample collection targeted to months of peak pesticide use in orchards (March-June and September). Ten pesticides and four pesticide degradation products were analyzed from 1999 through 2008; 100 were analyzed in 2009. Nineteen pesticides were detected: 11 insecticides, 6 herbicides, and 2 fungicides. Two of four insecticide degradation products were detected. All five detected organophosphate insecticides and the one detected organochlorine insecticide were present at concentrations exceeding water-quality standards, sublethal effects thresholds, or acute toxicity values in one or more samples. The frequency of organophosphate detection in the basin decreased during the period of record; however, changes in sampling schedule and laboratory reporting limits hindered clear analysis of detection frequency trends. Detected herbicide and fungicide concentrations were less than water-quality standards, sublethal effects thresholds, or acute toxicity values. Simazine, the most frequently detected pesticide, was the only herbicide detected at concentrations within an order of magnitude (factor of 10) of concentrations that impact salmonid olfaction. Some detected pesticides are of concern, not for their toxicity alone, but for their ability to potentiate the harmful impacts of other pesticides, particularly organophosphates, on salmonids or their prey. Many samples contained mixtures of pesticides, but the effects to salmonids of relevant mixtures at environmentally realistic concentrations for the basin are unknown. Trace-element concentration data, although limited, indicate that eight trace elements are also of concern for their potential to harm salmonid health. The dataset is limited with regard to the spatial and seasonal distribution of pesticides and trace elements in all salmonid-bearing streams, the presence of particle-bound pesticides, and the presence of several unmonitored pesticides known to be used in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115082","usgsCitation":"Temple, W.B., and Johnson, H.M., 2011, Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface waters of the Hood River basin, Oregon, 1999-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5082, viii, 54 p.; Appendices; HTML Document; PDF Download of Appendices A-J, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115082.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.; Appendices; HTML Document; PDF Download of Appendices A-J","startPage":"i","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"92","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5082.png"},{"id":21897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hood River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,45.25 ], [ -122,45.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,45.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,45.25 ], [ -122,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Temple, Whitney B. wbtemple@usgs.gov","contributorId":4488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temple","given":"Whitney","email":"wbtemple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004649,"text":"70004649 - 2011 - Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 1. Overview and problem formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:08:53","indexId":"70004649","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 1. Overview and problem formulation","docAbstract":"A remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) of the Calcasieu Estuary cooperative site was initiated in 1998. This site, which is located in the southwestern portion of Louisiana in the vicinity of Lake Charles, includes the portion of the estuary from the saltwater barrier on the Calcasieu River to Moss Lake. As part of the RI/FS, a baseline ecological risk assessment (BERA) was conducted to assess the risks to aquatic organisms and aquatic-dependent wildlife exposed to environmental contaminants. The purpose of the BERA was to determine if adverse effects on ecological receptors are occurring in the estuary; to evaluate the nature, severity, and areal extent of any such effects; and to identify the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on ecological receptors. This article describes the environmental setting and site history, identifies the chemicals of potential concern, presents the exposure scenarios and conceptual model for the site, and summarizes the assessment and measurement endpoints that were used in the investigation. Two additional articles in this series describe the results of an evaluation of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines as well as an assessment of risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-010-9636-9","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Moore, D.R., Ingersoll, C.G., Smorong, D.E., Carr, R.S., Gouguet, R., Charters, D., Wilson, D., Harris, T., Rauscher, J., Roddy, S., and Meyer, J., 2011, Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 1. Overview and problem formulation: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9636-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu 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Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gouguet, Ron","contributorId":103777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gouguet","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Charters, David","contributorId":74863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charters","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, Duane","contributorId":38695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harris, Tom","contributorId":36666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rauscher, Jon","contributorId":99270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauscher","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roddy, Susan","contributorId":16967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roddy","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Meyer, John","contributorId":36265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70004668,"text":"ofr20111152 - 2011 - Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:54","indexId":"ofr20111152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1152","title":"Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States","docAbstract":"Recent scientific and ocean policy assessments demonstrate that a fundamental change in our current management system is required to achieve the long-term health of our ocean, coasts, and Great Lakes in order to sustain the services and benefits they provide to society. The present (2011) species- and sector-centric way we manage these ecosystems cannot account properly for cumulative effects, sustaining multiple ecosystem services, and holistically and explicitly evaluating the tradeoffs associated with proposed alternative and multiple human uses. A transition to an ecosystem-based approach to management and conservation of coastal and marine resources is needed.\n\nCompeting uses and activities such as commerce, recreation, cultural practices, energy development, conservation, and national security are increasing pressure for new and expanded resource usage in coastal marine ecosystems. Current management efforts use a sector-by-sector approach that mostly focuses on a limited range of tools and outcomes [for example, oil and gas leases, fishery management plans, and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)]. A comprehensive, ecosystem-based, and proactive approach to planning and managing these uses and activities is needed. Further, scientific understanding and information are essential to achieve an integrated decision-making process that includes knowledge of ecosystem services, existing and possible future conditions, and potential consequences of natural and anthropogenic events. Because no single government agency has executive authority for coastal or ocean resources, conflicting objectives around competing uses abound.\n\nIn recent years, regional- and state-level initiatives in Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) have emerged to coordinate management activities. In some respects, the components and steps of the overall CMSP process are similar to how existing ocean resources are regulated and managed. For example, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) uses spatial planning exercises in State Renewable Energy Task Force meetings to identify competing and conflicting ocean uses, and to delineate areas suitable for renewable energy development. Similarly terrestrial areas such as in national parks and national wildlife refuges managed by the Department of the Interior (DOI) prepare management plans for preservation and restoration of species and habitats of concern, some of which are protected by law. The analogy to CMSP is clear - multiple users and multiple expectations, resulting in the requirement to establish spatial plans for management of different resources and different ecosystem services.\n\nA two-day workshop on December 1-2, 2010, was convened for DOI representatives and several key non-DOI participants with roles in CMSP as a step toward clarifying national perspectives and consequences of the National Ocean Policy for the West (appendix 1). Discussions helped to develop an understanding of CMSP from the federal perspective and to identify regional priorities. An overarching theme was to promote a better understanding of current and future science needs. The workshop format included briefings by key Federal agencies on their understanding of the national focus followed by discussion of regional issues, including the needs for scientific information and coordination. The workshop also explored potential science contributions by Federal agencies and others; utilizing current capabilities, data, and information systems; and provided a foundation for possible future regional workshops focusing in turn on the West Coast Region (California, Oregon, and Washington), Pacific Islands (sometimes referred to as Oceania) and Alaska.\n\nParticipants were asked to share information in the following areas, recognizing that the purpose would be to learn more about the national perspective (see appendixes 2-4):\n\n Explore how the Western U.S. (Alaska, Pacific Islands, and West Coast Region) migh","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111152","usgsCitation":"Thorsteinson, L., Hirsch, D., Helweg, D., Dhanju, A., Barmenski, J., and Ferrero, R., 2011, Proceedings of a Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Workshop for the Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1152, iv, 14 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111152.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1152.jpg"},{"id":21896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman","contributorId":48254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Derrick","contributorId":94424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Derrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helweg, David dhelweg@usgs.gov","contributorId":201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helweg","given":"David","email":"dhelweg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":522,"text":"Pacific Islands Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dhanju, Amardeep","contributorId":94775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhanju","given":"Amardeep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barmenski, Joan","contributorId":46204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barmenski","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrero, Richard","contributorId":51892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrero","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004651,"text":"70004651 - 2011 - Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:07:17","indexId":"70004651","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments","docAbstract":"The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sediment toxicity, pore-water toxicity, and benthic invertebrate community structure. The results of this assessment indicated that exposure to whole sediments and/or pore water from the Calcasieu Estuary generally posed low risks to benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., risks were classified as low for 68% of the sampling locations investigated). However, incremental risks to benthic invertebrates (i.e., compared with those associated with exposure to conditions in reference areas) were indicated for 32% of the sampling locations within the estuary. Of the three areas of concern (AOCs) investigated, the risks to benthic invertebrates were highest in the Bayou d'Inde AOC; risks were generally lower in the Upper Calcasieu River AOC and Middle Calcasieu River AOC. The areas showing the highest risks to sediment-dwelling organisms were generally located in the vicinity of point source discharges of COPCs. These results provided risk managers with the information required to make decisions regarding the need for remedial actions at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C.G., Kemble, N.E., Smorong, D.E., Sinclair, J., Lindskoog, R., Gaston, G., Sanger, D., Carr, R.S., Biedenbach, J., Gouguet, R., Kern, J., Shortelle, A., Field, L.J., and Meyer, J., 2011, Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: 3. An evaluation of the risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediments: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 29-58, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu 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\"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":49911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smorong, Dawn E.","contributorId":63515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sinclair, Jesse A.","contributorId":66967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Jesse A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindskoog, Rebekka","contributorId":27321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"Rebekka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gaston, Gary","contributorId":78613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaston","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanger, Denise","contributorId":34781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Denise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Biedenbach, James","contributorId":99006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gouguet, Ron","contributorId":103777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gouguet","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kern, John","contributorId":75391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shortelle, Ann","contributorId":8730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortelle","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Field, L. Jay","contributorId":87032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Meyer, John","contributorId":36265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70157567,"text":"70157567 - 2011 - Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:14:53.809574","indexId":"70157567","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas","docAbstract":"Recent advances in downscaling climate model precipitation predictions now yield spatially explicit patterns of rainfall that could be used to estimate shallow landslide susceptibility over large areas. In California, the United States Geological Survey is exploring community emergency response to the possible effects of a very large simulated storm event and to do so it has generated downscaled precipitation maps for the storm. To predict the corresponding pattern of shallow landslide susceptibility across the state, we have used the model Shalstab (a coupled steady state runoff and infinite slope stability model) which susceptibility spatially explicit estimates of relative potential instability. Such slope stability models that include the effects of subsurface runoff on potentially destabilizing pore pressure evolution require water routing and hence the definition of upslope drainage area to each potential cell. To calculate drainage area efficiently over a large area we developed a parallel framework to scale-up Shalstab and specifically introduce a new efficient parallel drainage area algorithm which produces seamless results. The single seamless shallow landslide susceptibility map for all of California was accomplished in a short run time, and indicates that much larger areas can be efficiently modelled. As landslide maps generally over predict the extent of instability for any given storm. Local empirical data on the fraction of predicted unstable cells that failed for observed rainfall intensity can be used to specify the likely extent of hazard for a given storm. This suggests that campaigns to collect local precipitation data and detailed shallow landslide location maps after major storms could be used to calibrate models and improve their use in hazard assessment for individual storms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards \"Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment\"","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","usgsCitation":"Bellugi, D., Dietrich, W., Stock, J., McKean, J., Kazian, B., and Hargrove, P., 2011, Spatially explicit shallow landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas, in Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031045","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 34.420504880133834\n ],\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 34.63772760271713\n ],\n [\n -119.10278320312499,\n 34.63772760271713\n ],\n [\n -119.10278320312499,\n 34.420504880133834\n ],\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 34.420504880133834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64ece4b058f706e536f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellugi, Dino","contributorId":148040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":115128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D.","contributorId":94167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, Jim","contributorId":17941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kazian, Brian","contributorId":120251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazian","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hargrove, Paul","contributorId":148041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hargrove","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156767,"text":"70156767 - 2011 - Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:59:04","indexId":"70156767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments","docAbstract":"When debris flows grow by entraining sediment, they can become especially hazardous owing to increased volume, speed, and runout. To investigate the entrainment process, we conducted eight largescale experiments in the USGS debris-flow flume. In each experiment, we released a 6 m3 water-saturated debris flow across a 47-m long, ~12-cm thick bed of partially saturated sediment lining the 31º flume. Prior to release, we used low-intensity overhead sprinkling and real-time monitoring to control the bed-sediment wetness. As each debris flow descended the flume, we measured the evolution of flow thickness, basal total normal stress, basal pore-fluid pressure, and sediment scour depth. When debris flows traveled over relatively dry sediment, net scour was minimal, but when debris flows traveled over wetter sediment (volumetric water content > 0.22), debris-flow volume grew rapidly and flow speed and runout were enhanced. Data from scour sensors showed that entrainment occurred by rapid (5-10 cm/s), progressive scour rather than by mass failure at depth. Overriding debris flows rapidly generated high basal pore-fluid pressures when they loaded and deformed bed sediment, and in wetter beds these pressures approached lithostatic levels. Reduction of intergranular friction within the bed sediment thereby enhanced scour efficiency, entrainment, and runout.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards \"Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment\"","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","doi":"10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-042","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Iverson, R.M., Logan, M., LaHusen, R.G., Godt, J.W., and Griswold, J.P., 2011, Entrainment of bed sediment by debris flows: results from large-scale experiments, in Debris-flow hazards : mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment : proceedings of 5th international conference : Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-042.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ijege.uniroma1.it/rivista/5th-international-conference-on-debris-flow-hazards-mitigation-mechanics-prediction-and-assessment/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b7e4b0f42e3d040dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griswold, Julie P.","contributorId":147121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griswold","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156814,"text":"70156814 - 2011 - Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T17:14:20.971545","indexId":"70156814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain gages, nested hillslope overland-flow sensors and soil-moisture probes, as well as a time series of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) revealed the effects of the storm. Hillslope overland-flow response, along two ~10-m long flow lines perpendicular to and originating from a drainage divide, displayed only a 10 to 20 minute delay from the onset of rainfall with accumulated totals of merely 5-10 mm. Depth-stratified soil-moisture probes displayed a greater time delay, roughly 20- 30 minutes, indicating that initial overland flow was Hortonian. Furthermore, a downstream channel-monitoring array recorded a pronounced discharge peak generated by the passage of a debris flow after 18 minutes of rainfall. At this time, only four of the eleven hillslope overlandflow sensors confirmed the presence of surface-water flow. Repeat TLS and detailed field mapping using GPS document how patterns of rainsplash, overland-flow scour, and rilling contributed to the generation of meter-scale debris flows. In response to a single small storm, the debris flows deposited irregular levees and lobate terminal snouts on hillslopes and caused widespread erosion of the valley axis with ground surface lowering exceeding 1.5 m.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Debris-flow hazards: Mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment: Proceedings of 5th international conference: Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards: Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment","conferenceDate":"June 14-17, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Padua, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Università La Sapienza","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K.M., Hanshaw, M.N., Howle, J.F., Kean, J.W., Staley, D.M., Stock, J., and Bawden, G.W., 2011, Hydrologic conditions and terrestrial laser scanning of post-fire debris flows in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, U.S.A., in Debris-flow hazards: Mitigation, mechanics, prediction, and assessment: Proceedings of 5th international conference: Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011, Padua, Italy, June 14-17, 2011, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.41294849142349,\n 34.17134863412667\n ],\n [\n -117.38533697577557,\n 34.20370576214499\n ],\n [\n -117.44976384562082,\n 34.27028427873003\n ],\n [\n -117.46126864380744,\n 34.323509168688005\n ],\n [\n -117.54180223111402,\n 34.37100288463023\n ],\n [\n -117.74428667919865,\n 34.45073173493678\n ],\n [\n -117.93986824837137,\n 34.4621153654533\n ],\n [\n -117.97208168329401,\n 34.511426493466885\n ],\n [\n -118.09403254407232,\n 34.528488936462225\n ],\n [\n -118.14925557536819,\n 34.486774573614554\n ],\n [\n -118.2435949204986,\n 34.50573823590351\n ],\n [\n -118.30111891143193,\n 34.47729112517355\n ],\n [\n -118.42306977221028,\n 34.42795981878015\n ],\n [\n -118.48979760169273,\n 34.37290207362\n ],\n [\n -118.48979760169273,\n 34.33110997098939\n ],\n [\n -118.3540409830903,\n 34.289297039240125\n ],\n [\n -118.1952747681149,\n 34.20370576214499\n ],\n [\n -118.09863446334703,\n 34.17325233818043\n ],\n [\n -117.98588744111811,\n 34.14088353007017\n ],\n [\n -117.72357804246263,\n 34.11802749074337\n ],\n [\n -117.67985980935366,\n 34.138979096174396\n ],\n [\n -117.57171470639916,\n 34.14469226909128\n ],\n [\n -117.41294849142349,\n 34.17134863412667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18634e4b05561fa206ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, M. N. 0000-0001-9305-307X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-307X","contributorId":56462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stock, Jonathan D.","contributorId":94167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003363,"text":"70003363 - 2011 - A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is concealed by embryonic temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T16:59:31.827461","indexId":"70003363","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T21:50:05","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1028,"text":"Biology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is concealed by embryonic temperature","docAbstract":"Long embryonic periods are assumed to reflect slower intrinsic development that are thought to trade off to allow enhanced physiological systems, such as immune function. Yet, the relatively rare studies of this trade-off in avian offspring have not found the expected trade-off. Theory and tests have not taken into account the strong extrinsic effects of temperature on embryonic periods of birds. Here, we show that length of the embryonic period did not explain variation in two measures of immune function when temperature was ignored, based on studies of 34 Passerine species in tropical Venezuela (23 species) and north temperate Arizona (11 species). Variation in immune function was explained when embryonic periods were corrected for average embryonic temperature, in order to better estimate intrinsic rates of development. Immune function of offspring trades off with intrinsic rates of embryonic development once the extrinsic effects of embryonic temperatures are taken into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2010.1031","usgsCitation":"Martin, T.E., Arriero, E., and Majewska, A., 2011, A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is concealed by embryonic temperature: Biology Letters, v. 7, no. 3, p. 425-428, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1031.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3097863","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Venezuela","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.0660400390625,\n 33.18353672893615\n ],\n [\n -110.533447265625,\n 33.18353672893615\n ],\n [\n -110.533447265625,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -112.0660400390625,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -112.0660400390625,\n 33.18353672893615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.730224609375,\n 8.760223824796954\n ],\n [\n -68.741455078125,\n 8.760223824796954\n ],\n [\n -68.741455078125,\n 9.74154239811809\n ],\n [\n -69.730224609375,\n 9.74154239811809\n ],\n [\n -69.730224609375,\n 8.760223824796954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a55d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arriero, Elena","contributorId":74122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arriero","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Majewska, Ania","contributorId":92404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewska","given":"Ania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004656,"text":"sir20115070 - 2011 - Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5070","title":"Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Declining water levels and concerns about the migration of a known saltwater plume upgradient from public supply wells prompted the City of Wichita to investigate the feasibility of using artificial recharge to replenish the water supply in the Equus Beds aquifer. After preliminary testing, the City of Wichita began Phase I of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project in 2006. In 2009, the City of Wichita installed an experimental passive gravity recharge well and trench system to increase artificial recharge at Recharge Basin 1, one of the six Phase ? recharge sites.\nThe U.S. Geological Survey collected water samples from 13 sites and maintained 8 continuous monitors to test the recharge capacity of the experimental passive recharge system, the effect of the recharge on geochemistry of the aquifer, and the fate of bacteria and viruses present in the recharge water. About 576,000 gallons of treated surface water from the Little Arkansas River were recharged through the passive recharge well and trench system into the Equus Beds aquifer during April 2009. In May 2009, U.S. Geological Survey tests detected that bacterial and viral indicators (total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, coliphage virus, and Clostridium perfringens) were entering the Recharge Basin 1 wells through the recharge system and recharge was discontinued. The City of Wichita disconnected the trench collection system from the passive gravity recharge well in July 2009, and in July and August 2009 withdrew 1,825,000 gallons of water from the aquifer at Recharge Basin 1 to remove the recharged water and avoid contamination of the aquifer.\nThe original recharge rate in Recharge Basin 1 was about 10.8 gallons per day per square foot. After installation of the passive recharge system, recharge water entered the aquifer through the passive well at a rate of about 19.2 gallons per day per square foot, a per unit area increase of about 78 percent.\nDuring artificial recharge, continuous monitors recorded rising water-level altitudes in the passive gravity recharge well and nearby monitoring wells as water flowed at about 10 feet per day from the passive recharge well toward nearby downgradient monitoring wells. The increase in water level in this area would have the effect of temporarily slowing the eastward migration of saltwater from the nearby Burrton plume.\nBacterial and viral indicators were detected in water samples from Recharge Basin 1 sites before and immediately after the installation of the passive gravity recharge well and trench system, during artificial recharge, and after artificial recharge. After water withdrawal in August 2009 and through the end of data collection in March 2010, detections of bacterial and viral indicators in groundwater decreased to densities similar to those before installation of the passive recharge system.\nConcentrations of chloride in samples collected from the trench, passive gravity recharge well, and nearby monitoring wells increased from an average of 34 milligrams per liter before artificial recharge to an average of 64 milligrams per liter during artificial recharge, reflecting the addition of recharge water with measured chloride concentrations of 62 to 94 milligrams per liter. When water was being pumped out of the aquifer through the passive gravity recharge well, chloride concentrations increased to 94 milligrams per liter in the removed water and increased to 150 milligrams per liter in the deep monitoring well nearest the passive gravity recharge well, indicating that, as water was being pumped from the passive well, water with a large chloride concentration from elsewhere in the aquifer was flowing toward the passive well. Chloride concentrations did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking Water Regulation of 250 milligrams per liter in any Recharge Basin 1 samples collected as part of the study.\nIron concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi":"10.3133/sir20115070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas as part of the Equus Beds Groundwater Recharge Project","usgsCitation":"Garinger, L.P., King, A.S., and Ziegler, A., 2011, Effects of experimental passive artificial recharge of treated surface water on water quality in the Equus Beds Aquifer, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5070, ix, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115070.","productDescription":"ix, 106 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5070.jpg"},{"id":21890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98,38.36666666666667 ], [ -97.3,38.36666666666667 ], [ -97.3,37.666666666666664 ], [ -98,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61596b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garinger, Linda Pickett","contributorId":92406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garinger","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"Pickett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Aaron S.","contributorId":25277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003776,"text":"70003776 - 2011 - A spatial exploration of informal trail networks within Great Falls Park, VA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"70003776","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T16:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial exploration of informal trail networks within Great Falls Park, VA","docAbstract":"Informal (visitor-created) trails represent a threat to the natural resources of protected natural areas around the globe. These trails can remove vegetation, displace wildlife, alter hydrology, alter habitat, spread invasive species, and fragment landscapes. This study examines informal and formal trails within Great Falls Park, VA, a sub-unit of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, managed by the U.S. National Park Service. This study sought to answer three specific questions: 1) Are the physical characteristics and topographic alignments of informal trails significantly different from formal trails, 2) Can landscape fragmentation metrics be used to summarize the relative impacts of formal and informal trail networks on a protected natural area? and 3) What can we learn from examining the spatial distribution of the informal trails within protected natural areas? Statistical comparisons between formal and informal trails in this park indicate that informal trails have less sustainable topographic alignments than their formal counterparts. Spatial summaries of the lineal and areal extent and fragmentation associated with the trail networks by park management zones compare park management goals to the assessed attributes. Hot spot analyses highlight areas of high trail density within the park and findings provide insights regarding potential causes for development of dense informal trail networks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.015","usgsCitation":"Wimpey, J., and Marion, J.L., 2011, A spatial exploration of informal trail networks within Great Falls Park, VA: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 3, p. 1012-1022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1012","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21738,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.015","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"92","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy","contributorId":41953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004653,"text":"fs20113053 - 2011 - Assessing effects of energy development in Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"fs20113053","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-16T13:50:02","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3053","title":"Assessing effects of energy development in Colorado and New Mexico","doi":"10.3133/fs20113053","usgsCitation":"Carr, N., Diffendorfer, J., Latysh, N., Leib, K., Matherne, A., and Turner, C., 2011, Assessing effects of energy development in Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3053, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113053.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3053.png"},{"id":21888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, N.B.","contributorId":56763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latysh, N.E.","contributorId":97228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leib, K.J.","contributorId":62236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matherne, Anne-Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":32279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne-Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turner, Christine cturner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Christine","email":"cturner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}