{"pageNumber":"1758","pageRowStart":"43925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70016989,"text":"70016989 - 1992 - Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T18:55:38","indexId":"70016989","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analyses of 21 samples collected from a core of the 52.8-cm-thick Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, demonstrate four cycles with two-orders-of-magnitude variations in contents of Cd, Mo, P, V and Zn, and order-of-magnitude variations in contents of organic carbon, Cr, Ni, Se and U. The observed variability in amounts and/or ratios of many metals and amounts and compositions of the organic matter appear related to the cause and degree of water-column stratification and the resulting absence/presence of dissolved O2 or H2S. High Cd, Mo, U, V, Zn and S contents, a high degree of pyritization (DOP) (0.75-0.88), and high high V (V + Ni) (0.84-0.89) indicate the presence of H2S in a strongly stratified water column. Intermediate contents of metals and S, intermediate DOP (0.67-0.75) and intermediate V (V + Ni) (054-0.82) indicate a less strongly stratified anoxic water column. Whereas, low metal contents and low V (V + Ni) (0.46-0.60) indicate a weakly stratified, dysoxic water column. High P contents at the top of the organic-matter-rich intervals within the Stark Shale Member indicate that phosphate precipitation was enhanced near the boundary between anoxic and dysoxic water compositions. Relatively abundant terrestrial organic matter in intervals deposited from the more strongly stratified H2S-bearing water column indicates a combined halocline-thermocline with the fresher near-surface water the transport mode for the terrestrial organic matter. The predominance of algal organic matter in intervals deposited from a less strongly stratified water column indicates the absence of the halocline and the presence of the more generally established thermocline. Relatively low amounts of degraded, hydrogen-poor organic matter characterize intervals deposited in a weakly stratified, dysoxic water column. The inferred variability in chemistry of the depositional environments may be related to climate variations and/or minor changes in sea level during the general phase of deeper water deposition responsible for this widespread shale member. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., and Leventhal, J., 1992, Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 99, no. 1-3, p. 65-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y.","startPage":"65","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266065,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y"},{"id":225092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a732e4b0e8fec6cdc3f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, J. R.","contributorId":14775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leventhal, J.S.","contributorId":60640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016758,"text":"70016758 - 1992 - A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:20:24","indexId":"70016758","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>Preemergent herbicides and their metabolites, particularly atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor, persisted from 1989 to 1990 in the majority of rivers and streams in the midwestern United States. In spring, after the application of herbicides, the concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, and simazine were frequently 3-10 times greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL). The concentration of herbicides exceeded the MCLs both singly and in combination. Two major degradation products of atrazine (deisopropylatrazine and deethylatrazine) also were found in many of the streams. The order of persistence of the herbicides and their metabolites in surface water was atrazine &gt; deethylatrazine &gt; metolachlor &gt; alachlor &gt; deisopropylatrazine &gt; cyanazine. Storm runoff collected at several sites exceeded the MCL multiple times during the summer months as a function of stream discharge, with increased concentrations during times of increased streamflow. It is proposed that metabolites of atrazine may be used as indicators of surface-water movement into adjacent alluvial aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00036a016","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E.M., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., Mills, M.S., Pomes, M., and Kolpin, D.W., 1992, A reconnaissance study of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water of the midwestern united states using immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2440-2447, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00036a016.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2440","endPage":"2447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.321803,42.310743],[-86.208309,42.762789],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.291346,45.062597],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.833103,44.036851],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-81.69325,41.514161],[-80.533774,41.973475],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.874857,38.881174],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-83.301951,38.598178],[-83.512571,38.701716],[-83.762445,38.652103],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.445242,39.114461],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.888873,39.066376],[-84.816506,38.80532],[-85.448862,38.713368],[-85.415272,38.555416],[-85.816164,38.282969],[-86.042354,37.958018],[-86.33281,38.182938],[-86.634271,37.843845],[-86.810913,37.99715],[-87.065388,37.810481],[-87.402632,37.942267],[-87.666522,37.827455],[-87.921744,37.907885],[-88.158374,37.639948],[-88.063311,37.515755],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.699735,36.998805],[-102.000447,36.993249],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ae4b0c8380cd46bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016826,"text":"70016826 - 1992 - A new model for tabular-type uranium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:50:11.837352","indexId":"70016826","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for tabular-type uranium deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tabular-type uranium deposits occur as tabular, originally subhorizontal bodies entirely within reduced fluvial sandstones of Late Silurian age or younger. This paper proposes that belts of tabular-type uranium deposits formed in areas of mixed local and regional ground-water discharge shortly after deposition of the host sediments. The general characteristics of tabular-type uranium deposits, especially the most studied deposits, those in the Uravan mineral belt, Henry basin, and Grants uranium region, indicate that their essential feature was the formation at a density-stratified ground-water interface in areas of local and regional ground-water discharge. Reconstruction of the paleohydrogeology is the key to understanding the formation of these deposits. Gravity-driven ground water recharged in major highlands and discharged in lowlands at major concave changes in paleotopographic slope. Shallow local and deep regional ground-water systems were characterized by dilute and saline water, respectively. Typically, underlying marine rocks, especially evaporites, provided the solutes to the deep regional ground water. A density-stabilized interface existed at the ground-water divide between local and regional flow systems. Tabular-type uranium deposits formed where these divides or interfaces intersected pockets of reduction where organic matter accumulated. The precipitation of humate and uranium at an interface accounts for the tabular shape and the tendency of deposits to rise stratigraphically into the basin. Geologic ground-water controls that favor discharge, such as the pinch-out of major aquifers, are also favorable for uranium ore. The combination of topographic and geologic features that both cause discharge is most favorable for ore deposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2041","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Sanford, R., 1992, A new model for tabular-type uranium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 8, p. 2041-2055, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2041.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2041","endPage":"2055","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4abe4b0c8380cd46818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, R.F.","contributorId":38562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016682,"text":"70016682 - 1992 - An improved method for field extraction and laboratory analysis of large, intact soil cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:02:06","indexId":"70016682","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved method for field extraction and laboratory analysis of large, intact soil cores","docAbstract":"<p>Various methods have been proposed for the extraction of large, undisturbed soil cores and for subsequent analysis of fluid movement within the cores. The major problems associated with these methods are expense, cumbersome field extraction, and inadequate simulation of unsaturated flow conditions. A field and laboratory procedure is presented that is economical, convenient, and simulates unsaturated and saturated flow without interface flow problems and can be used on a variety of soil types. In the field, a stainless steel core barrel is hydraulically pressed into the soil (30-cm diam. and 38 cm high), the barrel and core are extracted from the soil, and after the barrel is removed from the core, the core is then wrapped securely with flexible sheet metal and a stainless mesh screen is attached to the bottom of the core for support. In the laboratory the soil core is set atop a porous ceramic plate over which a soil-diatomaceous earth slurry has been poured to assure good contact between plate and core. A cardboard cylinder (mold) is fastened around the core and the empty space filled with paraffin wax. Soil cores were tested under saturated and unsaturated conditions using a hanging water column for potentials ≤0. Breakthrough curves indicated that no interface flow occurred along the edge of the core. This procedure proved to be reliable for field extraction of large, intact soil cores and for laboratory analysis of solute transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100020017x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Hemmen, K., and Dowd, J., 1992, An improved method for field extraction and laboratory analysis of large, intact soil cores: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, no. 2, p. 259-263, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100020017x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea70e4b0c8380cd48870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemmen, K.","contributorId":57322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowd, J.F.","contributorId":47926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowd","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016685,"text":"70016685 - 1992 - Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T11:22:15.953259","indexId":"70016685","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Kuskokwim Group are exposed in a large region of southwestern Alaska and are mainly composed of deformed turbidite deposits that contain few fossils other than inoceramid bivalves. This paper documents the taxonomy of the inoceramids in the Kuskokwim Group, develops an inoceramid biostratigraphy based on known ranges in other regions, and analyzes biogeographic patterns, paleoecology, and depositional history of the Kuskokwim Group.</p><p>Most of the inoceramid bivalves present in the Kuskokwim Group are of Cenomanian and Turonian age, and an assemblage of species typical of late Turonian age rocks is particularly well developed. Only two localities appear to be as young as Santonian age. The following 16 species or subspecies are discussed and illustrated in detail:<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Birostrina tamurai</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Matsumoto and Noda,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Inoceramus virgatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Schlüter,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. pennatulus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Pergament,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. pictus minus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. yabei</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span>? sp. aff.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. costatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. hobetsensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Nagao and Matsumoto,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. longealatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Tröger,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. frechi</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Flegel,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Andert,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. waltersdorfensis hannovrensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Heinz,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. kuskokwimensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>n. sp.,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Mytiloides</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. opalensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Böse),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. teraokai</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Matsumoto and Noda),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">M. incertus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Jimbo), and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Sphenoceramus naumanni</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Yokoyama). In addition, a specimen with affinities to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Mytiloides striatoconcentricus carpathicus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Simionescu) and a specimen that may belong to the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. (Cremnoceramus?) rotundatus–I.</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">C</span>.)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">erectus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>lineage are illustrated.</p><p>Most of the taxa present in the Kuskokwim region are found in other regions of the North Pacific, particularly Japan and eastern Siberia, or are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Only one species,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">I. kuskokwimensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>n. sp., is new and may be endemic. North Pacific taxa are predominant in the Kuskokwim region, but intervals near the Cenomanian–Turonian Stage boundary and in the upper Turonian contain taxa characteristic of Europe and the Western Interior basin of North America; some of these taxa have not been recorded previously in the North Pacific region. Turonian heteromorph ammonite assemblages associated with inoceramids in the finer grained facies of the Kuskokwim region are similar to those found in coeval rocks of Japan and Germany.</p><p>The depositional area of the Kuskokwim Group can be broken into two northeast-trending subbasins, the Kuskokwim River subbasin to the northwest and the Mulchatna River subbasin to the southeast, connected by the Nushagak Hills corridor. Within the Kuskokwim River subbasin, deposition apparently started earlier in the north (middle Cenomanian) than in the south (late Cenomanian to early Turonian), and prograding deltaic sedimentation along the western margin also appears to have started earlier in the north. No marine fossils younger than latest Turonian to earliest Coniacian are known from the Kuskokwim River subbasin. The youngest fossils identified are Santonian in age and are from deep-water deposits in the Nushagak Hills corridor. Few fossils are known from the Mulchatna River subbasin and age control is limited.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000061400","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Elder, W., and Box, S.E., 1992, Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves of the Kuskokwim Basin, southwestern Alaska, and their implications for basin evolution: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, no. 2 Suppl., 39 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000061400.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d5e4b0c8380cd66e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, W.P.","contributorId":65467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016828,"text":"70016828 - 1992 - Thermal springs in Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T01:12:13.220777","indexId":"70016828","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal springs in Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15574758\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Pore waters extracted from sediment cores were analyzed for their oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions and major ion chemistry to determine the source of water from a vent area for diffuse lake-bottom thermal springs or seeps in Frolikha Bay, northeastern Lake Baikal. The δ<sup>18</sup>O values of pore waters range from -15.2‰ to -16.7‰, and δD values range from -119‰ to -126‰ (both isotopes determined relative to standard mean ocean water [SMOW]). Bottom water in Lake Baikal has a δ<sup>18</sup>O value of -5.6‰ and a δD value of -120‰ Pore waters in the vent area are significantly enriched in Mg, B, Ca, and especially Na and have the lowest δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O values; these pore waters are isotopically and chemically distinct from pore waters in other, more typical parts of the lake. The pore-water isotopic data fall on a local meteoric water line, and covariations in water isotopes and chemistry are not consistent with evaporation or hydrothermal water-rock interaction. The thermal springs represent discharging meteoric waters that have been gently heated during subsurface circulation and are largely unaltered isotopically. Chemical variations are most likely due to dissolution of subsurface evaporites.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0495:TSILB>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., and Callender, E., 1992, Thermal springs in Lake Baikal: Geology, v. 20, no. 6, p. 495-497, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0495:TSILB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb257e4b08c986b325741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":95315,"text":"95315 - 1992 - Design and performance of a horizontal, axial-flow, water circulator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95315","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Design and performance of a horizontal, axial-flow, water circulator","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Research and Review: A Compilation of Abstracts of Research on Channel Catfish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Catfish Farmers of America","publisherLocation":"Orlando, FL","collaboration":"92-049/NF","usgsCitation":"Howerton, R., Boyd, C., and Watten, B., 1992, Design and performance of a horizontal, axial-flow, water circulator, <i>in</i> Research and Review: A Compilation of Abstracts of Research on Channel Catfish.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howerton, R.D.","contributorId":85908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howerton","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, C.E.","contributorId":97445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":95377,"text":"95377 - 1992 - Insulin-like growth factors \"under water\": role in growth and function of fish and other poikilothermic vertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"95377","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Insulin-like growth factors \"under water\": role in growth and function of fish and other poikilothermic vertebrates","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modern Concepts of Insulin-like Growth Factors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","collaboration":"92-069/TF","usgsCitation":"Bern, H.A., McCormick, S., Kelley, K., Gray, E., Nishioka, R.S., Madsen, S.S., and Tsai, P., 1992, Insulin-like growth factors \"under water\": role in growth and function of fish and other poikilothermic vertebrates, chap. <i>of</i> Modern Concepts of Insulin-like Growth Factors, p. 85-96.","productDescription":"p. 85-96","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spencer, E.M.","contributorId":111792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bern, H. A.","contributorId":61771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bern","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, K.M.","contributorId":62952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, E.S.","contributorId":105252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nishioka, R. S.","contributorId":69915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishioka","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Madsen, Steffen S.","contributorId":65404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Steffen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tsai, P.I.","contributorId":100775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"P.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70171430,"text":"70171430 - 1992 - Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T12:40:07","indexId":"70171430","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The sensitivity of groundwater recharge estimates was investigated for the semiarid Ellensburg basin, located on the Columbia Plateau, Washington, to historic and projected climatic regimes. Recharge was estimated for predevelopment and current (1980s) land use conditions using a daily energy-soil-water balance model. A synthetic daily weather generator was used to simulate lengthy sequences with parameters estimated from subsets of the historical record that were unusually wet and unusually dry. Comparison of recharge estimates corresponding to relatively wet and dry periods showed that recharge for predevelopment land use varies considerably within the range of climatic conditions observed in the 87-year historical observation period. Recharge variations for present land use conditions were less sensitive to the same range of historical climatic conditions because of irrigation. The estimated recharge based on the 87-year historical climatology was compared with adjustments to the historical precipitation and temperature records for the same record to reflect CO</span><span>2</span><span>-doubling climates as projected by general circulation models (GCMs). Two GCM scenarios were considered: an average of conditions for three different GCMs with CO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;doubling, and a most severe &ldquo;maximum&rdquo; case. For the average GCM scenario, predevelopment recharge increased, and current recharge decreased. Also considered was the sensitivity of recharge to the variability of climate within the historical and adjusted historical records. Predevelopment and current recharge were less and more sensitive, respectively, to the climate variability for the average GCM scenario as compared to the variability within the historical record. For the maximum GCM scenario, recharge for both predevelopment and current land use decreased, and the sensitivity to the CO</span><span>2</span><span>-related climate change was larger than sensitivity to the variability in the historical and adjusted historical climate records.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91JD01788","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 1992, Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 97, no. D3, p. 2821-2833, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD01788.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2821","endPage":"2833","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"D3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dce4b0ee97d51a8400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, John J. jvaccaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"John","email":"jvaccaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017172,"text":"70017172 - 1992 - The supply and demand for pollution control: Evidence from wastewater treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:47:26.541481","indexId":"70017172","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2254,"text":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The supply and demand for pollution control: Evidence from wastewater treatment","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper analyzes the determination of pollution control from wastewater treatment plants as an economic decision facing local or regional regulators. Pollution control is measured by plant design effluent concentration levels and is fully endogenous in a supply- and-demand model of treatment choice. On the supply side, plant costs are a function of the design treatment level of the plant, and on the demand side, treatment level is a function of both the costs of control and the regional or regulatory preferences for control. We find evidence that the economic model of effluent choice by local regulators has a good deal of explanatory power. We find evidence that wastewater treatment plant removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD) is sensitive to many local factors including the size of the treatment plant, the flow rate of the receiving water, the population density of the surrounding area, regional growth, state sensitivity to environmental issues, state income, and the extent to which the damages from pollution fall on other states. We find strong evidence that regulators are sensitive to capital costs in determining the design level of BOD effluent reduction at a plant. Thus, proposed reductions in federal subsidies for wastewater treatment plant construction are likely to have significant adverse effects on water quality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0095-0696(92)90041-T","issn":"00950696","usgsCitation":"McConnell, V., and Schwarz, G., 1992, The supply and demand for pollution control: Evidence from wastewater treatment: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 54-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(92)90041-T.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0a8e4b08c986b324fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McConnell, V.D.","contributorId":43110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017290,"text":"70017290 - 1992 - Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T12:00:14.50575","indexId":"70017290","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reduction of uranium by <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i>","title":"Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","docAbstract":"<p>The possibility that sulfate-reducing microorganisms contribute to U(VI) reduction in sedimentary environments was investigated. U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) when washed cells of sulfate-grown <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> were suspended in a bicarbonate buffer with lactate or H2 as the electron donor. There was no U(VI) reduction in the absence of an electron donor or when the cells were killed by heat prior to the incubation. The rates of U(VI) reduction were comparable to those in respiratory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Azide or prior exposure of the cells to air did not affect the ability of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> to reduce U(VI). Attempts to grow <i>D. desulfuricans</i> with U(VI) as the electron acceptor were unsuccessful. U(VI) reduction resulted in the extracellular precipitation of the U(IV) mineral uraninite. The presence of sulfate had no effect on the rate of U(VI) reduction. Sulfate and U(VI) were reduced simultaneously. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) by <i>D. desulfuricans</i> was much faster than nonenzymatic reduction of U(VI) by sulfide, even when cells of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> were added to provide a potential catalytic surface for the nonenzymatic reaction. The results indicate that enzymatic U(VI) reduction by sulfate-reducing microorganisms may be responsible for the accumulation of U(IV) in sulfidogenic environments. Furthermore, since the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) precipitates uranium from solution, <i>D. desulfuricans</i> might be a useful organisms for recovering uranium from contaminated waters and waste streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 850-856, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e7e4b0e8fec6cdba10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017196,"text":"70017196 - 1992 - Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T10:59:41","indexId":"70017196","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine were measured in a homogeneous population of high-salinity hydrothermal fluid inclusions from the Tertiary-age Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico to establish new types of evidence for the history of both the fluid and the major dissolved salts. Noble gases and halogens in fluid inclusions containing 10<sup>−10</sup>–10<sup>−9</sup> L of brine (<i>Cl= 3</i> molal) were analyzed by laser microprobe noble-gas mass spectrometry (<span class=\"small-caps\">lmngms</span>) on neutron-irradiated samples.</p><p>The concentrations of<sup>36</sup>Ar (<i>4.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></i> molal) and<sup>84</sup>Kr<i>1.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup></i> molal) in the fluid inclusions are equal to those of fresh surface waters in equilibrium with air at approximately<i>20 ± 5</i>°. The mole ratios of<i>Br/Cl</i> (<i>1.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup></i>) and<i>I/Cl</i> (<i>1–2 × 10<sup>−6</sup></i>) are among the lowest measured in any natural waters, similar to those of modern brines formed by dissolution of Permian NaCl-bearing evaporites in southeast New Mexico.<i><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar</i> ratios (600) are twice that of air, and indicate that the fluid inclusions had excess radiogenic<sup>40</sup>Ar (<i>1.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup></i> molal) when trapped. The amount of excess<sup>40</sup>Ar appears to be too large to have been acquired with Cl by congruent dissolution of halite-bearing evaporites, and possibly too small to have been acquired with Pb by congruent dissolution of granitic basement rocks with Proterozoic K<img src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\">Ar ages.</p><p>From the<span class=\"small-caps\">lmngms</span> data, combined with published Pb and S isotope data, we infer the following sequence of events in the history of the Hansonburg MVT hydrothermal brine: (1) the brine originated as relatively dilute meteoric water, and it did not gain or lose atmospheric Ar or Kr after recharge; (2) the originally dilute fluid acquired the bulk of its Cl and sulfate in the subsurface after recharge by dissolving halite-bearing Permian? marine evaporites; (3) the high salinity brine then acquired most of its Pb and excess radiogenic<sup>40</sup>Ar from interactions with aquifer rocks other than evaporites, possibly clastic sedimentary rocks or basement rocks with Phanerozoic K<img src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\">Ar “ages”; and (4) the brine deposited fluorite without having boiled or degassed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(92)90038-W","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Irwin, J., 1992, Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 110, no. 1-4, p. 51-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90038-W.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f282e4b0c8380cd4b1f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, J.J.","contributorId":76889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017002,"text":"70017002 - 1992 - Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:28:32.89559","indexId":"70017002","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., and Modica, E., 1992, Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bae4b0c8380cd77ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modica, Edward","contributorId":59431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017170,"text":"70017170 - 1992 - Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017170","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"More than 3,200 indoor radon-222 (222Rn) measurements were made seasonally in an area of about 1,000 square kilometers of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic provinces in Virginia, U.S.A. Results of these measurements indicate that some geological units are associated, on the average, with twice as much indoor222Rn as other geological units, and that indoor222Rn varies seasonally. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test whether indoor222Rn concentrations for data gathered over the winter and summer seasons differ significantly by rock unit. The tests concluded that indoor222Rn concentrations for different rock units were not equal at the 5-percent significance level. The rocks associated with the highest median indoor222Rn concentration are specific rocks in the Mesozoic Culpeper basin, including shale and siltstone units with Jurassic diabase intrusives, and mica schists in the Piedmont physiographic province. The pre-Triassic Peters Creek Schist has the highest ranking in terms of indoor222Rn concentration. The rocks associated with the lowest indoor222Rn concentrations include coastal plain sediments, the Occoquan Granite, Falls Church Tonalite, Piney Branch Mafic and Ultramafic complex, and unnamed mafic and ultramafic inclusions, respectively. The rocks have been ranked according to observed222Rn concentration by transforming the average rank of indoor222Rn concentrations to z scores. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704086","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., Mose, D., Mushrush, G., and Chrosniak, C., 1992, Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 19, no. 3, p. 193-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704086.","startPage":"193","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704086"},{"id":225104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9715e4b08c986b31b887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mose, D.G.","contributorId":33461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mose","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushrush, G.W.","contributorId":92811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushrush","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chrosniak, C.E.","contributorId":67226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrosniak","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007930,"text":"1007930 - 1992 - Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:30:58.296361","indexId":"1007930","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Walking of the shore crab <i>Pachygrapsis crassipes</i> in its two natural environments","title":"Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Video analyses of crabs walking on smooth and rocky terrains when in air and when submerged in water were conducted. Modifications of walking in the two environments, between which the animal’s weight changes sixfold, are consistent with the goals of maximizing ease of walking and minimizing risk of injury. The duty factor (fraction of step cycle in which the dactylus is in contact with the substratum) was greater than 50 % when in air compared to less than 46&nbsp;</span><i>%</i><span>&nbsp;when submerged, indicating a need for greater stability against the destabilizing vertical force of gravity when in air. The duty factors of the trailing and leading leg rows were the same for the two terrains in air but the trailing leg row had a larger duty factor when submerged, indicating a greater pushing effort to overcome drag forces. Width of stance differed among the four conditions and was narrowest in animals walking over rocky terrain in air, the condition which has the greatest potential for injury. The mean phase difference (percentage of a step cycle by which ipsilateral legs differ) between leading and trailing rows did not differ under any condition except for submerged smooth terrain, meeting the unique requirements of that condition. The observed walking speed range had no effect on stance, duty factor or phase difference.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.165.1.213","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1992, Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 165, p. 213-227, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.165.1.213.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd4f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017147,"text":"70017147 - 1992 - Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T12:04:03.193128","indexId":"70017147","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Before urban development, most ground-water recharge on Long Island, New York, occurred during the dormant season, when evapotranspiration is low. The use of recharge basins for collection and disposal of urban storm runoff in Nassau County has enabled ground-water recharge to occur also during the growing season. In contrast, the use of storm sewers to route storm runoff to streams and coastal waters has resulted in a decrease in ground-water recharge during the dormant season. The net result of these two forms of urban storm-runoff control has been an increase in annual recharge of about 12 percent in areas served by recharge basins and a decrease of about 10 percent in areas where storm runoff is routed to streams and tidewater. On a countywide basis, annual ground-water recharge has remained nearly the same as under predevelopment conditions, but its distribution pattern has changed. Redistribution resulted in increased recharge in the eastern and central parts of the county, and decreased recharge in the western and nearshore areas. Model simulation of recharge indicates that the water-table altitude has increased by as much as 5 ft above predevelopment levels in areas served by recharge basins and declined by as much as 3 feet in areas where stormwater is discharged to streams and tidewater.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01526.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Ku, H., Hagelin, N., and Buxton, H., 1992, Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 4, p. 507-514, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01526.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0824e4b0c8380cd519c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Henry","contributorId":26454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagelin, Nathan","contributorId":58403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagelin","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert","contributorId":26081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017270,"text":"70017270 - 1992 - Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T13:16:50.666082","indexId":"70017270","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Brine seepage into the Dolores River from ground water in Paradox Valley, Colorado constitutes a major source of salt to the Colorado River. Plants are enderway to remove this source of salt by drawing down the Paradox Valley brine (PVB) and forcibly injecting it into a deep disposal well (4.8 km). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of deep-well injection of PVB. The results show that PVB is near saturation with anhydrite at 25°C, and that heating results in anhydrite precipitation. The amount and the rate at which anhydrite forms is temperature, pressure, and substrate dependent. Paradox Valley brine heated in the presence of Precambrian rocks from the drill core produces the same amount of anhydrite as PVB heated alone, but at a greatly accelerated rate. A 30% dilution of PVB with Dolores River water completely eliminates anhydrite precipitation when the fluid is heated with the Precambrian rocks. Interaction of PVB and Leadville Limestone is characterized by dolomitization of calcite by brine Mg which releases Ca to solution. This added Ca reacts with SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to form increased amounts of anhydrite. A 20% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water has no effect on dolomitization and reduces the amount of anhydrite only slightly. A 65% dilution of PVB by Dolores River water still does not prevent dolomitization but does suppress anhydrite formation. Computer modeling of PVB by programs utilizing the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters is in general agreement with the experimental results. Ion-activity products calculated by both SOLMINEQ and PHRQPITZ are close to equilibrium with both anhydrite and dolomite whenever these phases are present experimentally, although the calculations over-estimate by a factor of 2 the degree of saturation. Some discrepancies in the calculated results between the two programs are due largely to differences in mineral solubility data.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Kharaka, Y., 1992, Geochemical effects of deep-well injection of the Paradox Valley brine into Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3, p. 273-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(92)90043-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.973876953125,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1624e4b0c8380cd5506c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017311,"text":"70017311 - 1992 - Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017311","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Cores of lake sediment to a depth of 334 m in the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, northern California, document the late Cenozoic paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic history of the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The cores have been dated by radiometric, tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic analyses. Lacustrine diatoms are abundant throughout the record and document a nearly continuous paleolimnologic history of the Tule Lake basin for the last 3 Myr. During most of this time, this basin (Tule Lake) was a relatively deep, extensive lake. Except for a drier (and cooler?) interval recorded by Fragilaria species about 2.4 Ma, the Pliocene is characterized by a dominance of planktonic Aulacoseira solida implying a warm monomictic lake under a climatic regime of low seasonality. Much of the Pleistocene is dominated by Stephanodiscus and Fragilaria species suggesting a cooler, often drier, and highly variable climate. Benthic diatoms typical of alkaline-enriched saline waters commonly appear after 1.0 Ma, and tephrochronology indicates slow deposition and possible hiatuses between about 0.6 and 0.2 Ma. The chronology of even-numbered oxygen isotope stages approximately matches fluctuations in the abundance of Fragilaria since 800 ka indicating that glacial periods were expressed as drier environments at Tule Lake. Glacial and interglacial environments since 150 ka were distinct from, and more variable than, those occurring earlier. The last full glacial period was very dry, but shortly thereafter Tule Lake became a deep, cool lacustrine system indicating a substantial increase in precipitation. Aulacoseira ambigua characterized the latest glacial and Holocene record of Tule Lake. Its distribution indicates that warmer and wetter climates began about 15 ka in this part of the Great Basin. Diatom concentration fluctuates at 41 000 year intervals between 3.0 and 2.5 Ma and at approximately 100 000 year intervals after 1.0 Ma. In the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, Aulacoseira solida percentages wax and wane in an approximately 400 000 year cycle. The possible response of Tule Lake diatom communities to orbitally-induced insolation cycles underscores the importance of this record for the study of late Cenozoic paleoclimate change. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00193541","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1992, Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA: Climate Dynamics, v. 6, no. 3-4, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c5e4b0c8380cd66d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016583,"text":"70016583 - 1992 - Leaching of uranium from glass and ceramic foodware and decorative items","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T10:02:20","indexId":"70016583","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaching of uranium from glass and ceramic foodware and decorative items","docAbstract":"Beginning as early as the first century A. D. and continuing until at least the 1970s, uranium was used as a coloring agent in glass and in ceramic glazes. The leaching of uranium from such items is of interest as some were designed for food storage or serving. Thirty-three glass items and two ceramic items were leached sequentially with deionized water, dilute acetic acid, and 1 M nitric acid to assess realistic and worst-case scenario leaching by foods and beverages. The maximum quantity of uranium leached from the uranium-bearing glasses was about 30 µg L-1, while that from the ceramic-glazed items was about 300,000 µg L-1.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Health Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00179078","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., and Councell, T.B., 1992, Leaching of uranium from glass and ceramic foodware and decorative items: Health Physics, v. 63, no. 3, p. 343-348.","startPage":"343","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280137,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Abstract/1992/09000/Leaching_of_Uranium_From_Glass_and_Ceramic.12.aspx"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45a2e4b0c8380cd67456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":373962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Councell, Terry B.","contributorId":32301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017161,"text":"70017161 - 1992 - Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017161","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Partial equilibrium conditions occur between fluids and secondary minerals in the Valles hydrothermal system, contained principally in the Tertiary rhyolitic Bandelier Tuff. The mass transfer processes are governed by reactive phase compositions, surface areas, water-rock ratios, reaction rates, and fluid residence times. Experimental dissolution of the vitric phase of the tuff was congruent with respect to Cl in the solid and produced reaction rates which obeyed a general Arrhenius release rate between 250 and 300??C. The 18O differences between reacted and unreacted rock and fluids, and mass balances calculations involving Cl in the glass phase, produced comparable water-rock ratios of unity, confirming the importance of irreversible reaction of the vitric tuff. A fluid residence time of approximately 2 ?? 103 years, determined from fluid reservoir volume and discharge rates, is less than 0.2% of the total age of the hydrothermal system and denotes a geochemically and isotopically open system. Mass transfer calculations generally replicated observed reservoir pH, Pco2, and PO2 conditions, cation concentrations, and the secondary mineral assemblage between 250 and 300??C. The only extraneous component required to maintain observed calcite saturation and high Pco2 pressures was carbon presumably derived from underlying Paleozoic limestones. Phase rule constraints indicate that Cl was the only incompatible aqueous component not controlled by mineral equilibrium. Concentrations of Cl in the reservoir directly reflect mass transport rates as evidenced by correlations between anomalously high Cl concentrations in the fluids and tuff in the Valles caldera relative to other hydrothermal systems in rhyolitic rocks. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Chuma, N., and Goff, F., 1992, Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 49, no. 3-4, p. 233-253.","startPage":"233","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5259e4b0c8380cd6c347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chuma, N.J.","contributorId":48319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuma","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017332,"text":"70017332 - 1992 - Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:49:50","indexId":"70017332","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants surveyed, as well as for boron and phosphorus: (1) enrichment of elements in the Chicago urban area and in streams draining the urban area relative to rural areas, (2) enrichment in main stems relative to tributaries, and (3) enrichment in low-order streams at high-population-density sites relative to low-population-density sites. Significant differences in background concentrations, as measured by samples from low-order streams, were observed among five subbasins in the study area. Uncertain geochemical correspondence between low-order, background sites and high-order, generally metal enriched sites prevented determination of background levels that would be appropriate for high-order sites. The within-sample ratio of enriched elements was variable within the Chicago area but was constant in the Illinois River downstream from Chicago. Element ratios imply a composite fine-fraction sediment in the Illinois River of 35-40 percent Des Plaines River origin and 60-65 percent Kankakee River origin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Colman, J., and Sanzolone, R.F., 1992, Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 28, no. 5, p. 933-950, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x.","startPage":"933","endPage":"950","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267704,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03193.x"},{"id":224740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15f1e4b0c8380cd54fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, J.A.","contributorId":63032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85333,"text":"85333 - 1992 - Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:54:03","indexId":"85333","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","docAbstract":"<p>The Pacific greater white-fronted goose (<i>Anser albifrons</i>) population has declined precipitously over the past 20 years. Loss of wetland habitat in California wintering areas has had a significant effect on the population, so recovery of the population may depend on innovative management of the few remaining wetlands. A computer simulation model, REFMOD, was applied to greater white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, northern California, to investigate the importance of food availability and hunting disturbance to migrating and wintering populations. Time spent flying and feeding was simulated during fall and early winter, and the resulting energy expenditure was compared with energy consumed to calculate an overall energy balance. This energy balance and the ease with which waterfowl acquired needed food affected emigration rate, and thus, the waterfowl population level was directly tied to availability and distribution of food. The model validly described distances moved by geese from their Tule Lake Refuge roosting site (core) to feeding sites within the surrounding Klamath Basin arena, and exhibited a capability to simulate observed time spent feeding. Based on 25 stochastic simulations, greater white-fronted goose population dynamics were validly simulated over the fall and early-winter (P&gt;0.8). When food was removed from the Tule Lake Refuge, simulated geese had to fly farther (P&lt;0.0001) to find food, hastening emigration and resulting in a decline (P&lt;0.05) in use of the Klamath Basin by geese. Although barley is normally abundant in the basin and is extensively used by geese, simulated elimination of barley in the arena did not cause a reduction in goose numbers (P&gt;0.05). The elimination did cause an increase in the distance traveled to feed (P&lt;0.05), but the availability of other foods in the basin (e.g., potatoes) was evidently sufficient to support the population. The elimination of hunting in the Klamath Basin, and the related decrease in disturbance of feeding birds, had little effect (P&gt;0.05) on the distance traveled to feed or on goose numbers. A 10-fold increase in disturbance hastened emigration and reduced population levels (P&lt;0.0001) during the season by about 30%; a 100-fold increase in disturbance reduced population levels (P&lt;0.0001) by 85%. When goose immigration was increased to simulate an average peak population of approximately 500 000 geese, population levels remained high throughout the fall, indicating the Klamath Basin can sustain a population much larger than currently exists. This suggests food availability and disturbance levels in the Klamath Basin are not responsible for observed population declines during the last 2 decades. REFMOD can easily be used to evaluate the effects of other scenarios related to hunting regimes and food distribution and availability.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-94-011-2868-1","usgsCitation":"Frederick, R., Clark, W.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1992, Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 696-706.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"706","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781851668762"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab45","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504401,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, R.B.","contributorId":104841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017158,"text":"70017158 - 1992 - Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:23:57","indexId":"70017158","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods","docAbstract":"<p><span>To investigate whether mechanical mixing during harvesting could account for losses observed from forest floor, we measured surface disturbance on a 22 ha watershed that was whole-tree harvested. Surface soil on each 10 cm interval along 81, randomly placed transects was classified immediately after harvesting as mineral or organic, and as undisturbed, depressed, rutted, mounded, scarified, or scalped (forest floor scraped away). We quantitatively sampled these surface categories to collect soil in which preharvest forest floor might reside after harvest. Mechanically mixed mineral and organic soil horizons were readily identified. Buried forest floor under mixed mineral soil occurred in 57% of mounds with mineral surface soil. Harvesting disturbed 65% of the watershed surface and removed forest floor from 25% of the area. Mechanically mixed soil under ruts with organic or mineral surface soil, and mounds with mineral surface soil contained organic carbon and nitrogen pools significantly greater than undisturbed forest floor. Mechanical mixing into underlying mineral soil could account for the loss of forest floor observed between the preharvest condition and the second growing season after whole-tree harvesting.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Ryan, D., Huntington, T.G., and Wayne, M.C., 1992, Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 49, no. 1-2, p. 87-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":" Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest","volume":"49","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3bae4b0e8fec6cdb948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, D.F.","contributorId":43626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wayne, Martin C.","contributorId":84634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayne","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017150,"text":"70017150 - 1992 - Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T16:53:42.972072","indexId":"70017150","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Partitioning available energy between plants and bare soil in sparsely vegetated rangelands will allow hydrologists and others to gain a greater understanding of water use by native vegetation, especially phreatophytes. Standard methods of conducting energy budget studies result in measurements of latent and sensible heat fluxes above the plant canopy which therefore include the energy fluxes from both the canopy and the soil. One-dimensional theoretical numerical models have been proposed recently for the partitioning of energy in sparse crops. Bowen ratio and other micrometeorological data collected over phreatophytes growing in areas of shallow ground water in central Nevada were used to evaluate the feasibility of using these models, which are based on surface and within-canopy aerodynamic resistances, to determine heat and water vapor transport in sparsely vegetated rangelands. The models appear to provide reasonably good estimates of sensible heat flux from the soil and latent heat flux from the canopy. Estimates of latent heat flux from the soil were less satisfactory. Sensible heat flux from the canopy was not well predicted by the present resistance formulations. Also, estimates of total above-canopy fluxes were not satisfactory when using a single value for above-canopy bulk aerodynamic resistance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1992, Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 60, no. 3-4, p. 221-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0946e4b0c8380cd51e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017146,"text":"70017146 - 1992 - Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:50:55.501777","indexId":"70017146","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers","docAbstract":"<div id=\"SP0005\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The depth-integration method of measuring water discharge makes a continuous measurement of the water velocity from the water surface to the bottom at 20 to 40 locations or verticals across a river. It is especially practical for large rivers where river traffic makes it impractical to use boats attached to taglines strung across the river or to use current meters suspended from bridges. This method has the additional advantage over the standard two- and eight-tenths method in that a discharge-weighted suspended-sediment sample can be collected at the same time. When this method is used in large rivers such as the Missouri, Mississippi and Ohio, a microwave navigation system is used to determine the ship's position at each vertical sampling location across the river, and to make accurate velocity corrections to compensate for shift drift. An essential feature is a hydraulic winch that can lower and raise the current meter at a constant transit velocity so that the velocities at all depths are measured for equal lengths of time.</div><div id=\"SP0010\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Field calibration measurements show that: (1) the mean velocity measured on the upcast (bottom to surface) is within 1% of the standard mean velocity determined by 9–11 point measurements; (2) if the transit velocity is less than 25% of the mean velocity, then average error in the mean velocity is 4% or less.</div><div id=\"SP0015\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The major source of bias error is a result of mounting the current meter above a sounding weight and sometimes above a suspended-sediment sampling bottle, which prevents measurement of the velocity all the way to the bottom. The measured mean velocity is slightly larger than the true mean velocity. This bias error in the discharge is largest in shallow water (approximately 8% for the Missouri River at Hermann, MO, where the mean depth was 4.3 m) and smallest in deeper water (approximately 3% for the Mississippi River at Vickbsurg, MS, where the mean depth was 14.5 m). The major source of random error in the discharge is the natural variability of river velocities, which we assumed to be independent and random at each vertical. The standard error of the estimated mean velocity, at an individual vertical sampling location, may be as large as 9%, for large sand-bed alluvial rivers. The computed discharge, however, is a weighted mean of these random velocities. Consequently the standard error of computed discharge is divided by the square root of the number of verticals, producing typical values between 1 and 2%.</div><div id=\"SP0020\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The discharges measured by the depth-integrated method agreed within ±5% of those measured simultaneously by the standard two- and eight-tenths, six-tenth and moving boat methods.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90089-E","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 1992, Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 201-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90089-E.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cdee4b0c8380cd52d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}