Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 (MW 7.9, Me 8.1). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (∼0.1–5.0 Hz) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started as a MW 7.3 thrust event. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip rupture events with centroid depths of 9 km occurred about 22 and 49 sec later. The teleseismic P waves are dominated by energy at intermediate frequencies (0.1-1 Hz) radiated by the thrust event, while the SH waves are dominated by energy at lower frequencies (0.05-0.2 Hz) radiated by the strike-slip events. The strike-slip events exhibit strong directivity in the teleseismic SH waves. Correcting the recorded P-wave acceleration spectra for the effect of the free surface yields an estimate of 2.8 × 1015 N m for the energy radiated by the thrust event. Correcting the recorded SH-wave acceleration spectra similarly yields an estimate of 3.3 × 1016 N m for the energy radiated by the two strike-slip events. The average rupture velocity for the strike-slip rupture process is 1.1β–1.2β. The strike-slip events were located 90 and 188 km east of the epicenter. The rupture length over which significant or resolvable energy is radiated is, thus, far shorter than the 340-km fault length over which surface displacements were observed. However, the seismic moment released by these three events, 4 × 1020 N m, was approximately half the seismic moment determined from very low-frequency analyses of the earthquake. The difference in seismic moment can be reasonably attributed to slip on fault segments that did not radiate significant or coherent seismic energy. These results suggest that very large and great strike-slip earthquakes can generate stress pulses that rapidly produce substantial slip with negligible stress drop and little discernible radiated energy on fault segments distant from the initial point of nucleation. The existence of this energy-deficient rupture mode has important implications for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of very large strike-slip earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040605","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Boatwright, J., 2004, Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S269-S277, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040605.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S269","endPage":"S277","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -143.26171875,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -146.8212890625,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 63.15435519659187\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9392e4b0c8380cd80ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026422,"text":"70026422 - 2004 - Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:29:17.930274","indexId":"70026422","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"We perform inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the M 7.9 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake to shed light on the rupture process and dynamics of this event, which took place on a geometrically complex fault system in central Alaska. We use a combination of local seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) data for our kinematic inversion and find that the slip distribution of this event is characterized by three major asperities on the Denali fault. The rupture nucleated on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, and after a pause, propagated onto the strike-slip Denali fault. Approximately 216 km to the east, the rupture abandoned the Denali fault in favor of the more southwesterly directed Totschunda fault. Three-dimensional dynamic models of this event indicate that the abandonment of the Denali fault for the Totschunda fault can be explained by the Totschunda fault's more favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field. However, a uniform tectonic stress field cannot explain the complex slip pattern in this event. We also find that our dynamic models predict discontinuous rupture from the Denali to Totschunda fault segments. Such discontinuous rupture helps to qualitatively improve our kinematic inverse models. Two principal implications of our study are (1) a combination of inverse and forward modeling can bring insight into earthquake processes that are not possible with either technique alone, and (2) the stress field on geometrically complex fault systems is most likely not due to a uniform tectonic stress field that is resolved onto fault segments of different orientations; rather, other forms of stress heterogeneity must be invoked to explain the observed slip patterns.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040620","usgsCitation":"Oglesby, D., Dreger, D.S., Harris, R., Ratchkovski, N., and Hansen, R., 2004, Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S214-S233, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040620.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"S214","endPage":"S233","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -143.26171875,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -146.8212890625,\n 63.80189351770543\n ],\n [\n -150.6884765625,\n 63.6267446447533\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 63.15435519659187\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 61.18562468142281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ce4b0c8380cd63c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oglesby, D. D.","contributorId":23315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":17404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratchkovski, N.","contributorId":89316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratchkovski","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026457,"text":"70026457 - 2004 - The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70026457","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery","docAbstract":"Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and \"J\" hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a portion of fish captured, and the anatomical hooking location, hooking scar locations, bleeding intensity, angler experience, and fish size were recorded for all captured fish. Approximately 62% of fish captured experienced at least one new hooking injury, and 29% of fish had at least one past hooking injury. Small fish sustained higher new injury and bleeding rates, but large fish had higher past injury rates. Injury rates were higher for barbed J hooks, barbed J hooks took longer to remove, and fish caught by spin-fishing were injured more frequently than fish caught by fly-fishing. Fewer fly-fishing-caught fish were injured using circle hooks, and circle hooks tended to hook fish in only one location, generally in the jaw. Barbed J hooks were more efficient at landing fish, and J hooks were more efficient at landing fish than circle hooks. Novice anglers injured proportionally more fish than experienced anglers, primarily during hook removal. Landing time was positively correlated with fish size, and experienced anglers took longer to land fish than novices because they captured larger fish. These results suggest that a reduction in hooking injuries may be achieved by using circle hooks as an alternative to J hooks and barbless J hooks to reduce injury and handling time, yet catch efficiency for both methods would be reduced. Although fish captured with barbless J hooks and circle hooks had fewer injuries, it is important to note that each hook type also caused significant injury, and angler education is recommended to promote proper hook removal techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-108.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Meka, J.M., 2004, The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-108.1.","startPage":"1309","endPage":"1321","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-108.1"},{"id":233976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad27e4b08c986b3239fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meka, Julie M.","contributorId":44713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meka","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026483,"text":"70026483 - 2004 - Depositional settings, correlation, and age carboniferous rocks in the western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:04:01","indexId":"70026483","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional settings, correlation, and age carboniferous rocks in the western Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Kuna Formation (Lisburne Group) in northwest Alaska hosts the Red Dog and other Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide deposits in the Red Dog district. New studies of the sedimentology and paleontology of the Lisburne Group constrain the setting, age, and thermal history of these deposits. In the western and west-central Brooks Range, the Lisburne Group includes both deep- and shallow-water sedimentary facies and local volcanic rocks that are exposed in a series of thrust sheets or allochthons. Deep-water facies in the Red Dog area (i.e., the Kuna Formation and related rocks) are found chiefly in the Endicott Mountains and structurally higher Picnic Creek allochthons. In the Red Dog plate of the Endicott Mountains allochthon, the Kuna consists of at least 122 m of thinly interbedded calcareous shale, calcareous spiculite, and bioclastic supportstone (Kivalina unit) overlain by 30 to 240 m of siliceous shale, mudstone, calcareous radiolarite, and calcareous lithic turbidite (Ikalukrok unit). The Ikalukrok unit in the Red Dog plate hosts all massive sulfide deposits in the area. It is notably carbonaceous, is generally finely laminated, and contains siliceous sponge spicules and radiolarians. The Kuna Formation in the Key Creek plate of the Endicott Mountains allochthon (60–110 m) resembles the Ikalukrok unit but is unmineralized and has thinner carbonate layers that are mainly organic-rich dolostone. Correlative strata in the Picnic Creek allochthon include less shale and mudstone and more carbonate (mostly calcareous spiculite). Conodonts and radiolarians indicate an age range of Osagean to early Chesterian (late Early to Late Mississippian) for the Kuna in the Red Dog area. Sedimentologic, faunal, and geochemical data imply that most of the Kuna formed in slope and basin settings characterized by anoxic or dysoxic bottom water and by local high productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1355","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, A.G., Blome, C.D., and Young, L.E., 2004, Depositional settings, correlation, and age carboniferous rocks in the western Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1355-1384, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1355.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1355","endPage":"1384","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fec9e4b0c8380cd4ef1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Lorne E.","contributorId":67611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Lorne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026582,"text":"70026582 - 2004 - Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T15:19:07","indexId":"70026582","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America","docAbstract":"We radio-marked 18 Dunlin, Calidris alpina (L., 1758), at San Francisco Bay, California, and 11 Dunlin at Grays Harbor, Washington, and relocated 90% of them along the 4200 km long coastline from north of San Francisco Bay to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The Copper River Delta, Alaska, was the single most important stopover site, with 79% of the marked birds detected there. Our second most important site was the Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor complex of wetlands in Washington. The mean length of stay past banding sites ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 days. Controlling for date of departure, birds banded at San Francisco Bay had higher rates of travel to the Copper River Delta than those banded at Grays Harbor. The later a bird left a capture site, the faster it traveled to the Copper River Delta. Length of stay at the Copper River Delta was inversely related to arrival date. We did not find any effect of sex on travel rate or length of stay. Combining the results of this study with our previous work on Western Sandpipers, Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1875), reveals variation of migration strategies used within and among shorebird species along the eastern Pacific Flyway. ?? 2004 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z04-154","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Takekawa, J.Y., and Bishop, M., 2004, Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 82, no. 11, p. 1687-1697, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z04-154.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1697","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z04-154"}],"volume":"82","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f9e4b0c8380cd6d96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, N.","contributorId":80615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, M.A.","contributorId":95426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026662,"text":"70026662 - 2004 - Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026662","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase","docAbstract":"The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both Strombolian and Subplinian basaltic activity. The Subplinian phase was preceded by a signal of low amplitude and constant frequency (??? 2 Hz) lasting 13 h. This \"humming signal\" is interpreted as the coalescence of the very shallow part of a foam building up in the conduit, which produces large gas bubbles before bursting. The acoustic waveform of the hum event is modelled by a Helmholtz resonator: gas is trapped into a rigid cavity and can only escape through a tiny upper hole producing sound waves. At Shishaldin, the radius of the hole (??? 5 m) is close to that of the conduit (??? 6 m), the cavity has a length of ??? 60 m, and gas presents only a small overpressure between (??? 1.2 ?? 10-3 and 4.5 ?? 10-3 MPa). Such an overpressure is obtained by the partial coalescence of a foam formed by bubbles with a diameter from ??? 2.3 mm at the beginning of the episode towards ??? 0.64 mm very close to the end of the phase. The intermittency between hum events is explained by the ripening of the foam induced by the H2O diffusion through the liquid films. The two extreme values, from 600 to 10 s, correspond to a bubble diameter from 2.2 to 0.3 mm at the beginning and end of the pre-Subplinian phase, respectively. The extremely good agreement between two independent estimates of bubble diameters in the shallow foam reinforces the validity of such an interpretation. The total gas volume lost at the surface during the humming events is at most 5.9 ?? 106 m3. At the very end of the pre-Subplinian phase, there is a single large bubble with an overpressure of ???0.42 MPa. The large overpressure suggests that it comes from significant depth, unlike other bubbles in the pre-Subplinian phase. This deep bubble may be responsible for the entire foam collapse, resulting in the Subplinian phase. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2004, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 137, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478202,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03280993/file/Vergniolle_etal_Shishaldin_Proofs_JVGR_2004.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004"},{"id":234386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69ee4b0c8380cd47531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, S.","contributorId":74924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026732,"text":"70026732 - 2004 - Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026732","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778389","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R., Collins, B., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., and Carver, G., 2004, Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389"},{"id":234426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c7e4b0c8380cd5a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.","contributorId":98087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, D.","contributorId":64000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carver, G.","contributorId":97681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026816,"text":"70026816 - 2004 - Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026816","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river","docAbstract":"Alternatives to electrofishing are needed for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during the spawning season in large Alaskan rivers. We compared hook and line, beach seining, and actively fished gill nets as sampling tools. Beach seining and active gill netting yielded similar catch rates, length frequencies, and sex ratios of sexually mature fish. Hook-and-line sampling was less effective, with a lower catch rate and selectivity for immature fish and sexually mature females. We conclude that both beach seining and active gill netting can serve as alternatives to electrofishing for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout stocks during the spawning season in large rivers with stable spring flows and spawning areas with few snags.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M03-062.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schwanke, C., and Hubert, W., 2004, Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 1078-1082, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-062.1.","startPage":"1078","endPage":"1082","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M03-062.1"},{"id":235209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cfbe4b0c8380cd52d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwanke, C.J.","contributorId":59601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwanke","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026817,"text":"70026817 - 2004 - Near-field ground motion of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake recorded at pump station 10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026817","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-field ground motion of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake recorded at pump station 10","docAbstract":"A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of the epicenter. After correction for the measured instrument response, we recover a seismogram that includes a permanent displacement of 3.0 m. The recorded ground motion has relatively low peak acceleration (0.36 g) and very high peak velocity (180 cm/s). Nonlinear soil response may have reduced the peak acceleration to this 0.36 g value. Accelerations in excess of 0.1 g lasted for 10 s, with the most intense motion occurring during a 1.5-s interval when the rupture passed the site. The low acceleration and high velocity observed near the fault in this earthquake agree with observations from other recent large-magnitude earthquakes. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778172","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, W., Çelebi, M., Evans, J., Jensen, E., Kayen, R., Metz, M., Nyman, D., Roddick, J., Spudich, P., and Stephens, C., 2004, Near-field ground motion of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake recorded at pump station 10: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 597-615, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778172.","startPage":"597","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778172"},{"id":235210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63dde4b0c8380cd72740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, E.G.","contributorId":19962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Metz, M.C.","contributorId":84132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nyman, D.J.","contributorId":103845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roddick, J.W.","contributorId":45496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roddick","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70026961,"text":"70026961 - 2004 - U-Pb zircon and geochemical evidence for bimodal mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic base-metal mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T12:51:53","indexId":"70026961","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb zircon and geochemical evidence for bimodal mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic base-metal mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska","docAbstract":"New SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe) U-Pb zircon ages and trace element geochemical data for mafic and felsic metaigneous rocks of the pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in east-central Alaska help define the tectonic setting of mid-Paleo-zoic magmatism and syngenetic hydrothermal Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization along the ancient Pacific margin of North America. We compare data from similar greenschist-facies sequences of bimodal volcanic and subvolcanic rocks associated with carbonaceous and siliciclastic marine sedimentary rocks, in the Wood River area of the Alaska Range and the Salcha River area of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, and from amphibolite-facies augen gneiss and mafic gneiss (amphibolite) in the Goodpaster River area of the upland. Allowing for analytical uncertainties, igneous crystallization age ranges of 376–353 Ma, 378–346 Ma, and 374–358 Ma are indicated by 13 new SHRIMP U-Pb dates for the Wood River, Salcha River, and Goodpaster River areas, respectively. Bimodal magmatism is indicated by Late Devonian crystallization ages for both augen gneiss (371 ± 3 and 362 ± 4 Ma) and associated orthoamphibolite (369 ± 3 Ma) in the upland and by stratigraphic interleaving of mafic and felsic rocks in the Alaska Range. Metabasites in all three study areas have elevated HFSE (high field strength element) and REE (rare earth element) contents indicative of generation in a within-plate (extensional) tectonic setting. Within-plate trace element signatures also are indicated for peralkaline metarhyolites that host the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Bonnifield district in the Wood River area and for metarhyolite tuff interlayered with the carbonaceous Nasina assemblage, which hosts sedimentary exhalative sulfide occurrences in the Salcha River area. Most of the other felsic metaigneous samples from the Alaska Range and the Yukon-Tanana Upland have geochemical signatures that are similar to those of both average upper continental crust and continental-margin arc rocks generated in thick continental crust. Given the absence in our study areas of intermediate-composition magmatic products generally found in most arcs, and the presence of bimodal magmatism, the alkalic within-plate chemistry of the mafic rocks and some of the felsic rocks, and the widespread occurrence of interlayered carbonaceous sedimentary rocks indicative of deposition within a restricted marine basin or submerged continental margin, we consider it most likely that this prolonged Late Devonian to Early Mississippian magmatic episode resulted from attenuation of the ancient continental margin of western North America, rather than development of an arc, as proposed by many others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25342.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Wooden, J.L., and Hopkins, M., 2004, U-Pb zircon and geochemical evidence for bimodal mid-Paleozoic magmatism and syngenetic base-metal mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 7-8, p. 989-1015, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25342.1.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1015","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana terrane ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 65.44000165965534\n ],\n [\n -145.1953125,\n 62.95522304515911\n ],\n [\n -134.296875,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -129.28710937499997,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -128.232421875,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -135.703125,\n 66.40795547978848\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 68.07330474079025\n ],\n [\n -148.359375,\n 67.30597574414466\n ],\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 65.44000165965534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d2e4b08c986b327e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, M.J.","contributorId":20128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026994,"text":"70026994 - 2004 - Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026994","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes","docAbstract":"Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030185","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 3, p. 1159-1165, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030185.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1165","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030185"},{"id":235121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ae4b0c8380cd4cf67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027032,"text":"70027032 - 2004 - Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T09:30:18","indexId":"70027032","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, including its most recent (1991–1992) flow. We combined information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multispectral Landsat-7 data to differentiate the 1991–1992 flow from the 1964 flow and a pre-1964 flow, and to calculate the flow areas (8.4, 9.2, and 7.3 km2, respectively). By differencing a digital elevation model (DEM) from the 1970–1980s with a DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000, we estimated the average thickness of the 1991–1992 flow to be 13 m, which reasonably agrees with field observations (5–10 m). Lava-flow maps produced in this way can be used to facilitate field mapping and flow-hazards assessment, and to study magma-supply dynamics and thus to anticipate future eruptive activity. Based on the recurrence interval of recent eruptions and the results of this study, the next eruption at Westdahl may occur before the end of this decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Rykhus, R., Masterlark, T., and Dean, K., 2004, Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Westdahl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.44449176335762\n ],\n [\n -164.43237304687497,\n 54.44449176335762\n ],\n [\n -164.43237304687497,\n 54.59593668117202\n ],\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.59593668117202\n ],\n [\n -164.79629516601562,\n 54.44449176335762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5072e4b0c8380cd6b6c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027072,"text":"70027072 - 2004 - Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T10:57:05","indexId":"70027072","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma","docAbstract":"Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of Kı̄lauea, Hawai′i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01–1.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast from bedded breccias draping the southwestern margin of Kı̄lauea’s submarine midslope bench. The clast contains two distinct suites of glass grains: abundant degassed tholeiites, perhaps derived from subaerial lavas of Mauna Loa that shattered upon ocean entry, and a smaller population of Kea-type tholeiite (n=17 analyzed) that erupted subaqueously, based on elevated S (780–1050 ppm), H2O (0.42–1.27 wt%), and CO2 (<30–120 ppm), probably early in Kı̄lauea’s shield-building stage. Ten grains in this group have Cl>1000 ppm, six >5000 ppm, and two grains have >10 000 ppm dissolved Cl. Abundances of H2O, Na2O, K2O, and several trace elements increase regularly with Cl concentration, and we estimate that Cl enrichment was due to up to 13 wt% addition of a brine consisting of 78% H2O (wt), 13% Cl, 4.4% Na, 2.6% K, 2.6% Ca, 620 ppm Ba, 360 ppm Sr, 65 ppm Rb, and 7 ppm Pb. The large amounts of brine addition argue against bulk assimilation of low-porosity brine-bearing rock. The brine’s composition is appropriate for a seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid that reacted with basaltic wall rocks at T>100°C, losing Mg and S and gaining K, Ca, Rb, Ba, Sr, and Pb, followed by phase separation near 500°C and ∼50 MPa (5 km below sea level at hydrostatic pressure). Brine was assimilated at or near the depth it formed, as estimated on petrologic grounds, but under lithostatic conditions. The highest extents of assimilation either forced volatile saturation of the magma or enriched already coexisting magmatic vapor in H2O. Possible mechanisms for assimilation are: (1) forcible injection of brine into magma during bursting of overpressured pockets heated by new dikes, or (2) intrusion of magma into lenses or sills occupied by trapped brine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Sisson, T.W., and Kimura, J., 2004, Ultra-high chlorine in submarine Kı̄lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 217, no. 3-4, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kı̄lauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.378603724290507\n ],\n [\n -155.2375030517578,\n 19.378603724290507\n ],\n [\n -155.2375030517578,\n 19.416816177675052\n ],\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.416816177675052\n ],\n [\n -155.29131889343262,\n 19.378603724290507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"217","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfde4b08c986b328963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimura, Jun-Ichi","contributorId":77719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Jun-Ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027100,"text":"70027100 - 2004 - Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:41:08.63497","indexId":"70027100","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change","docAbstract":"We described characteristics of the wintering area used by Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) in the Bering Sea, Alaska, and evaluated these characteristics in relation to long-term population trends. Remoteness, limited daylight, and extreme weather conditions precluded direct observations, so we derived the location of the wintering area from satellite telemetry, ice conditions from remotely sensed data, weather conditions from archived data sets, and benthic communities from the literature. Based on analyses of two indices spanning 1957-2002 and 1988-2002, we identified no single environmental parameter that explained the precipitous decline in nesting populations in western Alaska. In general, we found that the number of days with extreme sea ice in winter, extreme winds, and winds in spring explained the greatest variability in annual indices. These analyses support the conclusion that annual population estimates on the breeding grounds can be negatively impacted by extended periods of dense sea-ice concentration and weather during the previous winter. Examination of population indices did not support the hypothesis that changes in benthic community on the wintering grounds have contributed to the decline or inhibited the recovery of the Spectacled Eider breeding population in western Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.1.79","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Douglas, D., 2004, Winter ecology of Spectacled Eiders: Environmental characteristics and population change: Condor, v. 106, no. 1, p. 79-94, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.79.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.79","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70027149,"text":"70027149 - 2004 - Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T13:16:00","indexId":"70027149","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem","docAbstract":"Most large native carnivores have experienced range contractions due to conflicts with humans, although neither rates of spatial collapse nor expansion have been well characterised. In North America, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) once ranged from Mexico northward to Alaska, however its range in the continental USA has been reduced by 95-98%. Under the U. S. Endangered Species Act, the Yellowstone grizzly bear population has re-colonised habitats outside Yellowstone National Park. We analysed historical and current records, including data on radio-collared bears, (1) to evaluate changes in grizzly bear distribution in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) over a 100-year period, (2) to utilise historical rates of re-colonisation to project future expansion trends and (3) to evaluate the reality of future expansion based on human limitations and land use. Analysis of distribution in 20-year increments reflects range reduction from south to north (1900-1940) and expansion to the south (1940-2000). Expansion was exponential and the area occupied by grizzly bears doubled approximately every 20 years. A complementary analysis of bear occurrence in Grand Teton National Park also suggests an unprecedented period of rapid expansion during the last 20-30 years. The grizzly bear population currently has re-occupied about 50% of the southern GYE. Based on assumptions of continued protection and ecological stasis, our model suggests total occupancy in 25 years. Alternatively, extrapolation of linear expansion rates from the period prior to protection suggests total occupancy could take > 100 years. Analyses of historical trends can be useful as a restoration tool because they enable a framework and timeline to be constructed to pre-emptively address the social challenges affecting future carnivore recovery. ?? 2004 The Zoological Society of London.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","publisherLocation":"United Kingdom","doi":"10.1017/S1367943003001203","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Pyare, S., Cain, S., Moody, D., Schwartz, C., and Berger, J., 2004, Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem: Animal Conservation, v. 7, no. 1, p. 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003001203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003001203"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, 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Sanjay","contributorId":47135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyare","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, S.","contributorId":33897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moody, D.","contributorId":42562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.","contributorId":19756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berger, J.","contributorId":103010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027158,"text":"70027158 - 2004 - Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:28:58.678496","indexId":"70027158","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant","docAbstract":"First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal Plain to provide insight into the magnitude and timing of mortality during fall migration. First-year survival was lower in early fall (15 July-1 October), when birds fledged from brood-rearing areas and migrated to their primary fall staging area at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, than during late fall and early winter (1 October-15 February), when birds made a long-distance transoceanic flight (>5000 km) to wintering areas in Baja California, Mexico. When compared to other years, monthly survival during early fall was 20-24% lower in 1992, the year of latest hatch dates and slowest growth of goslings. There was strong evidence to indicate that survival varied geographically within the early fall period. Monthly survival estimates during early fall were lowest for birds from Tutakoke, highest for birds from the Arctic Coastal Plain, and intermediate at Kokechik. Our findings revealed that most juvenile mortality occurred during the first 2 months following banding, and variation in juvenile survival during this period was likely influenced significantly by environmental parameters and habitat conditions on the breeding grounds. Monthly survival estimates during the subsequent 4 months were similar across geographic areas, and long-distance migration was likely the most important contributor to juvenile mortality during this period.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1650/7387","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Schmutz, J.A., Sedinger, J.S., Bollinger, K.S., Martin, P.D., and Anderson, B., 2004, Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant: Condor, v. 106, no. 2, p. 263-274, https://doi.org/10.1650/7387.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, P. D.","contributorId":7018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, B.A.","contributorId":73581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027175,"text":"70027175 - 2004 - Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T12:33:48","indexId":"70027175","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Proximal (<3 km) deposits from episodes II and III of the 60-h-long Novarupta 1912 eruption exhibit a very complex stratigraphy, the result of at least four transport regimes and diverse depositional mechanisms. They contrast with the relatively simple stratigraphy (and inferred emplacement mechanisms) for the previously documented, better known, medial-distal fall deposits and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite. The proximal products include alternations and mixtures of both locally and regionally dispersed fall ejecta, and numerous thin complex deposits of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) with no regional analogs. The locally dispersed component of the fall deposits forms sector-confined wedges of material whose thicknesses halve radially from and concentrically about the vent over distances of 100-300 m (cf. several kilometers for the medial-distal fall deposits). This locally dispersed fall material (and many of the associated PDC deposits) is rich in andesitic and banded pumices and richer in shallow-derived wall-rock lithics in comparison with the coeval medial fall units of almost entirely dacitic composition. There are no marked contrasts in grain size in the near-vent deposits, however, between locally and widely dispersed beds, and all samples of the proximal fall deposits plot as a simple continuation of grain size trends for medial-distal samples. Associated PDC deposits form a spectrum of facies from fines-poor, avalanched beds through thin-bedded, landscape-mantling beds to channelized lobes of pumice-block-rich ignimbrite. The origins of the Novarupta near-vent deposits are considered within a spectrum of four transport regimes: (1) sustained buoyant plume, (2) fountaining with co-current flow, (3) fountaining with counter-current flow, and (4) direct lateral ejection. The Novarupta deposits suggest a model where buoyant, stable, regime-1 plumes characterized most of episodes II and III, but were accompanied by transient and variable partitioning of clasts into the other three regimes. Only one short period of vent blockage and cessation of the Plinian plume occurred, separating episodes II and III, which was followed by a single PDC interpreted as an overpressured \"blast\" involving direct lateral ejection. In contrast, regimes 2 and 3 were reflected by spasmodic sedimentation from the margins of the jet and perhaps lower plume, which were being strongly affected by short-lived instabilities. These instabilities in turn are inferred to be associated with heterogeneities in the mixture of gas and pyroclasts emerging from the vent. Of the parameters that control explosive eruptive behavior, only such sudden and asymmetrical changes in the particle concentration could operate on time scales sufficiently short to explain the rapid changes in the proximal 1912 products. Springer-Verlag 2003.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-003-0297-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Houghton, B.F., Wilson, C.J., Fierstein, J., and Hildreth, W., 2004, Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 95-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0297-7.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0297-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.24917602539062,\n 58.157301142472754\n ],\n [\n -154.94979858398438,\n 58.157301142472754\n ],\n [\n -154.94979858398438,\n 58.244500350217336\n ],\n [\n -155.24917602539062,\n 58.244500350217336\n ],\n [\n -155.24917602539062,\n 58.157301142472754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f90fe4b0c8380cd4d3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027197,"text":"70027197 - 2004 - Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027197","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"Although loess-paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after ???6500 14C yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of ???40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10-25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance downwind from the source, where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation. ?? 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., McGeehin, J., Beann, J., and Fisher, E., 2004, Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 61, no. 3, p. 265-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003.","startPage":"265","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003"},{"id":235099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ebe4b0c8380cd5e34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beann, J.","contributorId":24075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, E.","contributorId":103844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027234,"text":"70027234 - 2004 - Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T17:18:40","indexId":"70027234","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta frequently prey on juvenile waterfowl. We collected 434 Glaucous Gulls from late June to early August 1994 to examine diet. Identification of undigested prey tissue, based on DNA microsatellite loci, showed three species of goslings in gull stomachs: Emperor Goose (Chen canagica), White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), and Cackling Canada Goose (Branta canadensis minima). Gulls that nested inland and were collected > 1.6 km from the coast accounted for approximately 70% of the total gull predation on Emperor and Canada Geese, and 96% on White-fronted Geese. Our stratified sample of gull stomachs and aerial survey estimates of population size and distribution of gulls and juvenile geese enabled extrapolation of species-specific predation rates to the entire Y-K Delta. We estimated that a minimum of 21 000 Emperor Goose, 34 000 Canada Goose, and 16 000 White-fronted Goose goslings were consumed by 12 600 Glaucous Gulls during the brood-rearing period on the Y-K Delta in 1994. Minimum estimated take by gulls represented 33% of Cackling Canada Goose, 47% of Emperor Goose, and 39% of White-fronted Goose eggs estimated to have hatched in the same area as gull collections. Gulls selected the three species of geese approximately in proportion to their abundance. Although gull predation caused significant gosling mortality, its role in regulating goose populations on Y-K Delta remains unresolved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7326","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Bowman, T.D., Stehn, R., and Scribner, K., 2004, Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Condor, v. 106, no. 2, p. 288-298, https://doi.org/10.1650/7326.","startPage":"288","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7326","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a292de4b0c8380cd5a713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027296,"text":"70027296 - 2004 - Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T12:26:32","indexId":"70027296","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands","docAbstract":"Grassland birds are declining at a faster rate than any other group of North American bird species. Livestock grazing is the primary economic use of grasslands in the western United States, but the effects of this use on distribution and productivity of grassland birds are unclear. We examined nest density and success of ground-nesting birds on grazed and ungrazed grasslands in western Montana. In comparison to grazed plots, ungrazed plots had reduced forb cover, increased litter cover, increased litter depth, and increased visual obstruction readings (VOR) of vegetation. Nest density among 10 of 11 common bird species was most strongly correlated with VOR of plots, and greatest nest density for each species occurred where mean VOR of the plot was similar to mean VOR at nests. Additionally, all bird species were relatively consistent in their choice of VOR at nests despite substantial differences in VOR among plots. We suggest that birds selected plots based in part on availability of suitable nest sites and that variation in nest density relative to grazing reflected the effect of grazing on availability of nest sites. Nest success was similar between grazed plots and ungrazed plots for two species but was lower for nests on grazed plots than on ungrazed plots for two other species because of increased rates of predation, trampling, or parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Other species nested almost exclusively on ungrazed plots (six species) or grazed plots (one species), precluding evaluation of the effects of grazing on nest success. We demonstrate that each species in a diverse suite of ground-nesting birds preferentially used certain habitats for nesting and that grazing altered availability of preferred nesting habitats through changes in vegetation structure and plant species composition. We also show that grazing directly or indirectly predisposed some bird species to increased nesting mortality. Management alternatives that avoid intensive grazing during the breeding season would be expected to benefit many grassland bird species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00293-3","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T., and Ball, I., 2004, Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands: Biological Conservation, v. 117, no. 2, p. 203-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00293-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead Indian Reservation, Mission Valley, Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"117","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea3e4b0c8380cd4ee3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":139310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas F.","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027450,"text":"70027450 - 2004 - Concentrations of metals and trace elements in blood of spectacled and king eiders in northern Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:49:40","indexId":"70027450","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of metals and trace elements in blood of spectacled and king eiders in northern Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"In 1996, we measured concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in blood of adult king (Somateria spectabilis) and spectacled (Somateria fischeri) eiders and duckling spectacled eiders from northern Alaska, USA. Concentrations of selenium exceeded background levels in all adults sampled and 9 of 12 ducklings. Mercury was detected in all adult spectacled eiders and 5 of 12 ducklings. Lead concentrations were above the clinical toxicity threshold in one duckling (0.64 ppm) and two adult female spectacled eiders (0.54 and 4.30 ppm). Concentrations of cadmium and mercury varied between species; barium, cadmium, mercury, and selenium varied between sexes. In female spectacled eiders, mercury concentrations increased during the breeding season and barium and selenium levels decreased through the breeding season. Selenium declined at 2.3 ± 0.9% per day and levels were lower in spectacled eiders arriving to the breeding grounds in northern Alaska than in western Alaska. The variation in selenium levels between breeding areas may be explained by differences in timing and routes of spring migration. Most trace elements for which we tested were not at levels currently considered toxic to marine birds. However, the presence of mercury and elevated lead in ducklings and adult female spectacled eiders suggests these metals are available on the breeding grounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/03-21","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H.M., Petersen, M.R., and Troy, D., 2004, Concentrations of metals and trace elements in blood of spectacled and king eiders in northern Alaska, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 408-414, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-21.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -182.548828125,\n 56.897003921272606\n ],\n [\n -150.29296875,\n 56.897003921272606\n ],\n [\n -150.29296875,\n 73.92246884621463\n ],\n [\n -182.548828125,\n 73.92246884621463\n ],\n [\n -182.548828125,\n 56.897003921272606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f994e4b0c8380cd4d6a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Heather M.","contributorId":37056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troy, Declan","contributorId":42421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troy","given":"Declan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027459,"text":"70027459 - 2004 - Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:35:42","indexId":"70027459","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Except for Se (mean=36.1 ??g/g dry weight (dw) in common eiders and 48.8 ??g/g dw in long-tailed ducks), concentrations of trace elements in blood were low and, although several trace elements differed between areas, they were not consistently higher at one location. In long-tailed ducks, Se in blood was positively correlated with activities of two serum enzymes, suggestive of an adverse effect of increasing Se levels on the liver. Although common eiders had high Se concentrations in their blood, Se residues in eggs were low (mean=2.28 ??g/g dw). Strontium and Ni were higher in eggs near Prudhoe Bay than at the reference area, but none of the other trace elements or organic contaminants in eggs differed between locations. Concentrations of Ca, Sr, Mg, and Ni differed among eggs having no visible development, early-stage embryos, or late-stage embryos. Residues of 4,4???-DDE, cis-nonachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, and trans-nonachlor were found in 100% of the common eider eggs, but at low concentrations (means of 2.35-7.45 ??g/kg wet weight (ww)). The mean total PCB concentration in eggs was 15.12 ??g/kg ww. Of PAHs tested for, residues of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene were found in 100% of the eggs, at mean concentrations of 0.36-0.89 ??g/kg ww.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Hollmén, T., Flint, P.L., Grand, J., and Lanctot, R., 2004, Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 48, no. 5-6, p. 504-513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.027"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Prudhoe Bay","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Spy to Flaxman Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.91943359375,\n 70.5925460348269\n ],\n [\n -149.8040771484375,\n 70.49740751393682\n ],\n [\n -148.7713623046875,\n 70.35201194155984\n ],\n [\n -148.370361328125,\n 70.26687217723257\n ],\n [\n -147.98583984375,\n 70.18510275498964\n ],\n [\n -147.5244140625,\n 70.1440961784468\n ],\n [\n -146.810302734375,\n 70.09365861649229\n ],\n [\n -146.326904296875,\n 70.09552886456429\n ],\n [\n -146.0247802734375,\n 70.09552886456429\n ],\n [\n -145.8160400390625,\n 70.19627225262023\n ],\n [\n -146.0028076171875,\n 70.25202914452564\n ],\n [\n -146.62353515625,\n 70.29467399653527\n ],\n [\n -147.3486328125,\n 70.42391918114119\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 70.48273108822765\n ],\n [\n -148.0352783203125,\n 70.5505206897679\n ],\n [\n -148.49670410156247,\n 70.53588268255716\n ],\n [\n -149.2987060546875,\n 70.57976496276407\n ],\n [\n -149.91943359375,\n 70.5925460348269\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa3fe4b0c8380cd4d9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. 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These strata include the Kingak Shale, a succession of depositional sequences influenced by rift opening of the Arctic Ocean Basin. Interpretation of sequence stratigraphy and depositional facies from a regional two-dimensional seismic grid and well data allows the definition of four sequence sets that each displays unique stratal geometries and thickness trends across NPRA. A Lower to Middle Jurassic sequence set includes numerous transgressive-regressive sequences that collectively built a clastic shelf in north-central NPRA. Along the south-facing, lobate shelf margin, condensed shales in transgressive systems tracts downlap and coalesce into a basinal condensed section that is likely an important hydrocarbon source rock. An Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian sequence set, deposited during pulses of uplift on the Barrow arch, includes multiple transgressive-regressive sequences that locally contain well-winnowed, shoreface sandstones at the base of transgressive systems tracts. These shoreface sandstones and overlying shales, deposited during maximum flooding, form stratigraphic traps that are the main objective of exploration in the Alpine play in NPRA. A Valanginian sequence set includes at least two transgressive-regressive sequences that display relatively distal characteristics, suggesting high relative sea level. An important exception is the presence of a basal transgressive systems tract that locally contains shoreface sandstones of reservoir quality. A Hauterivian sequence set includes two transgressive-regressive sequences that constitute a shelf-margin wedge developed as the result of tectonic uplift along the Barrow arch during rift opening of the Arctic Ocean Basin. This sequence set displays stratal geometries suggesting incision and synsedimentary collapse of the shelf margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D., and Bird, K.J., 2004, Sequence stratigraphy of the Kingak Shale (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous), National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 88, no. 3, p. 279-302.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article/88/3/279/40145/Sequence-stratigraphy-of-the-Kingak-Shale-Jurassic"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.0810546875,\n 70.51024068514326\n ],\n [\n -163.125,\n 69.27170867031614\n ],\n [\n -147.26074218750003,\n 69.24057862839378\n ],\n [\n -148.0517578125,\n 70.42207856801001\n ],\n [\n -150.380859375,\n 71.04552881933586\n ],\n [\n -155.830078125,\n 71.44117085172383\n ],\n [\n -160.6201171875,\n 71.15939141681443\n ],\n [\n -163.0810546875,\n 70.51024068514326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ee4b08c986b318333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, K. 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Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local HTM temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6??0.8??C higher than present (approximate average of the 20th century), but the warming was time-transgressive across the western Arctic. As the precession-driven summer insolation anomaly peaked 12-10ka (thousands of calendar years ago), warming was concentrated in northwest North America, while cool conditions lingered in the northeast. Alaska and northwest Canada experienced the HTM between ca 11 and 9ka, about 4000yr prior to the HTM in northeast Canada. The delayed warming in Quebec and Labrador was linked to the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet, which chilled the region through its impact on surface energy balance and ocean circulation. The lingering ice also attests to the inherent asymmetry of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that predisposes the region to glaciation and modulates the pattern of climatic change. The spatial asymmetry of warming during the HTM resembles the pattern of warming observed in the Arctic over the last several decades. Although the two warmings are described at different temporal scales, and the HTM was additionally affected by the residual Laurentide ice, the similarities suggest there might be a preferred mode of variability in the atmospheric circulation that generates a recurrent pattern of warming under positive radiative forcing. Unlike the HTM, however, future warming will not be counterbalanced by the cooling effect of a residual North American ice sheet. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kaufman, D.S., Ager, T.A., Anderson, N., Anderson, P.M., Andrews, J.T., Bartlein, P., Brubaker, L., Coats, L.L., Cwynar, L., Duvall, M., Dyke, A.S., Edwards, M.E., Eisner, W.R., Gajewski, K., Geirsdottir, A., Hu, F., Jennings, A.E., Kaplan, M., Kerwin, M., Lozhkin, A., MacDonald, G.M., Miller, G.H., Mock, C.J., Oswald, W., Otto-Bliesner, B., Porinchu, D.F., Ruhland, K., Smol, J.P., Steig, E., and Wolfe, B., 2004, Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W): Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, no. 5-6, p. 529-560, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://oceanrep.geomar.de/27265/1/2004_Kaufman-etal-Holocene_QSR-23.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f7e4b0c8380cd5e3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufman, D. 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