{"pageNumber":"176","pageRowStart":"4375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":17258,"text":"ofr95161 - 1995 - Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:21:52.610011","indexId":"ofr95161","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-161","title":"Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's investigations of the water resources of Texas are conducted in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, river authorities, cities, counties, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, International Boundary and Water Commission, and others.</p>\n<p>Investigations are under the general direction of R.O. Hawkinson, District Chief, Texas District. The address of the Texas District office is 8011 Cameron Road, Austin, TX 78754.</p>\n<p>As of September 30, 1993, the surface-water data-collection network of Texas (table 1 at end of the report) included 342 continuous-recording streamflow stations (D), 36 gage-height record only stations (G), 18 crest-stage partial-record stations (C), 62 floodhydrograph partial-record stations (H), 28 low-flow partial-record stations (L), 2 continuous-recording temperature stations (Ml), 12 continuous-recording temperature and conductivity stations (M2), 5 continuous-recording temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen stations (M3), 20 continuous-recording temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH stations (M4), 23 daily chemical-quality stations (Q), 158 periodic chemical-quality stations (Qp), 20 lake surveys for water quality (Qs), and 75 continuous or daily reservoir-content stations (R). Plate 1 shows the location of the stations listed in table 1.</p>\n<p>Table 1 shows the station number and name, latitude and longitude, type of station, and the office principally responsible for collection of the data. An 8-digit permanent numerical designation for all gaging stations has been adopted on a nationwide basis; stations are numbered and listed in downstream order. In the downstream direction along the main stem, all stations on a tributary entering between two main-stem stations are listed between them. A similar order is followed in listing stations by first rank, second rank, and other ranks of tributaries. The rank of any tributary&nbsp;with respect to the stream to which it is an immediate tributary is indicated by an indention in the table. Each indention represents one rank. This downstream order and system of indention shows which gaging stations are on tributaries between any two stations on a main stem and the rank of the tributary on which each gaging station is situated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95161","usgsCitation":"1995, Index of stations— Surface-water data-collection network of Texas, September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-161, Report: iii, 18 p.; Plate: 26.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95161.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 18 p.; Plate: 26.00 x 25.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46403,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":30109,"text":"wri954026 - 1995 - Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:11:35","indexId":"wri954026","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4026","title":"Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes an investigation of ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of the Long Beach Peninsula. The peninsula is located in the southwestern corner of the State of Washington, is about 27 miles long, and has an average width of about 1.5 miles. It is surrounded by seawater, by the Pacific Ocean on the west and Willapa Bay on the east. Water supplies on the peninsula are derived mostly from a local water-table aquifer composed largely of sand.</p><p>The recent growth of population on the peninsula and the projected future growth have created concerns about the quantity and quality of the ground-water resource. Some issues include declining ground-water levels from increased pumpage, and ground-water contamination from seawater intrusion, pesticides or fertilizers from cranberrygrowing areas, and septic-system effluent.</p><p>The ground-water system of the Long Beach Peninsula consists of a sand aquifer with some lenses of silt and clay that may act as confining beds in local areas. Data are lacking or inconsistent to define a confining bed that extends throughout the peninsula. Hydraulic conductivity calculated from slug tests in 58 shallow wells ranged from 10 to 37 feet per day with a median of 22 feet per day.</p><p>Average annual ground-water recharge by infiltration and percolation of precipitation is estimated to be about 58 inches or 111,000 acre-feet, which is 72 percent of the average annual precipitation of 80 inches. Average annual ground-water discharge is estimated to be about 30,200 acre-feet to the Pacific Ocean, 56,000 acre-feet to Willapa Bay, and 24,800 acre-feet to surface-water drainage channels.</p><p>Ground-water movement is generally perpendicular to the spine of the peninsula. A ground-water divide occurs along a north-south line and ground water flows west or east from the divide toward the Pacific Ocean or Willapa Bay. There does not appear to have been any long-term decline of the water table of the sand aquifer from 1974-92. Ground-water levels measured at three east-west cross sections in 1974-75 were at about the same altitude as water levels measured in 1992.</p><p>Relatively accurate individual regression relations were developed at 45 wells with ground-water altitude as a response variable and cumulative precipitation for 4 months as an explanatory variable. The average coefficient of determination for all individual relations was 0.77, with a range of 0.11 to 0.89.</p><p>Some empirical frequency or probability relations for precipitation and ground-water levels were used to estimate how often the maximum water levels measured in this study would be expected to occur in the future. These water levels reflected the lower-than-average precipitation that occurred during the study. Assuming that the annual maximum precipitation for 4 consecutive months is random and independent, the historical record of precipitation is representative of the future distribution of precipitation, and the relation between precipitation and water levels is accurate and stationary; a probability analysis of the historical record indicates that in any one year in the future there is a probability of 70 percent that the maximum water levels measured in wells during the winter of 1991-92 would be equaled or exceeded.</p><p>The shallow ground water had generally low dissolved-solids concentrations in July 1992, with a median concentration of 92 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and a range of 56 to 218 mg/L. Sodium was the dominant cation and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. The distribution of hardness of the water samples was 84 percent with soft water and 16 percent with moderately hard water.</p><p>The water quality of the shallow ground water was generally good, with a few small to moderate problems. A natural problem is locally high concentrations of dissolved iron. About 30 percent of the water samples had dissolved-iron concentrations of greater than 0.3 mg/L, which is the secondary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p><p>No appreciable amount of seawater has intruded into the sand aquifer. The samples of shallow ground water collected in July 1992 had a median chloride concentration of 15 mg/L and a maximum concentration of 52 mg/L. The heavy average annual precipitation of about 80 inches, large average annual ground-water recharge of about 58 inches or 111,000 acre-feet, and small ground-water withdrawal rate (about 780 acre-feet per year in 1992) combine to maintain a thick freshwater lens of ground water that prevents seawater intrusion throughout the year.</p><p>Agricultural activities do not appear to have appreciably affected the quality of shallow ground water on the Long Beach Peninsula. The concentration of nitrate in ground water was not significantly higher near cranberry-growing areas, and no sample of ground water or surface water had concentrations of selected pesticides or associated compounds that were above the analytical detection limits. Of the seven ground-water samples in which bacteria were detected, only one sample appeared to be related to agriculture; that sample was from a well located in an area where cattle graze for part of the year.</p><p>Septic systems probably caused an increase in the concentration of nitrate in shallow ground water in areas of higher population density. Concentrations of nitrate were significantly related to population density. However, the concentrations were not generally high; median concentrations of nitrate increased from less than 0.05 mg/L in areas of low population density to 0.74 mg/L in areas of high density. Septic systems did not cause regional bacterial contamination of the ground water. Bacteria were detected in seven ground-water samples; however, only two of those samples were from wells that are close to septic systems.</p><p>A limited amount of historical water-quality data is available for the peninsula; therefore, it is difficult to assess long-term changes. From 1968-92, chloride concentrations and values of specific conductance appear to have remained stable. Likewise, it appears that nitrate concentrations did not change from 1987-92. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pacific County Department of Community Development and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 1995, Ground-water flow and water quality in the sand aquifer of Long Beach Peninsula, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4026, v, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954026.","productDescription":"v, 168 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach 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,{"id":25431,"text":"wri954122 - 1995 - Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:06:59","indexId":"wri954122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4122","title":"Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","docAbstract":"The Susquehanna River drains 27,510 square miles in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland and is the largest tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Three large hydroelectric dams are located on the river, Safe Harbor (Lake Clarke) and Holtwood (Lake Aldred) in southern Pennsylvania, and Conowingo (Conowingo Reservoir) in northern Maryland. About 259 million tons of sediment have been deposited in the three reservoirs. Lake Clarke contains about 90.7 million tons of sediment, Lake Aldred contains about 13.6 million tons, and Conowingo Reservoir contains about 155 million tons. An estimated 64.8 million tons of sand, 19.7 million tons of coal, 112 million tons of silt, and 63.3 million tons of clay are deposited in the three reservoirs. Deposition in the reservoirs is variable and ranges from 0 to 30 feet. Chemical analyses of sediment core samples indicate that the three reservoirs combined contain about 814,000 tons of organic nitrogen, 98,900 tons of ammonia as nitrogen, 226,000 tons of phosphorus, 5,610,000 1tons of iron, 2,250,000 tons of aluminum, and about 409,000 tons of manganese. Historical data indicate that Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred have reached equilibrium, and that they no longer store sediment. A comparison of cross-sectional data from Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred with data from Conowingo Reservoir indicates that Conowingo Reservoir will reach equilibrium within the next 20 to 30 years. As the Conowingo Reservoir fills with sediment and approaches equilibrium, the amount of sediment transported to the Chesapeake Bay will increase. The most notable increases will take place when very high flows scour the deposited sediment. Sediment transport through the reservoir system was simulated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' HEC-6 computer model. The model was calibrated with monthly sediment loads for calendar year 1987. Calibration runs with options set for maximum trap efficiency and a &quot;natural&quot; particle-size distribution resulted in an overall computed trap efficiency of 34 percent for 1987, much less than the measured efficiency of 71 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954122","usgsCitation":"Hainly, R., Reed, L., Flippo, H., and Barton, G.J., 1995, Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4122, vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954122.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":6845,"text":"fs16095 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas; pesticide occurrence in streams, winter and spring 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:32:19.153326","indexId":"fs16095","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"160-95","title":"Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas; pesticide occurrence in streams, winter and spring 1994","docAbstract":"<p><span>A consistent, basin-wide set of data for streams in the Trinity River Basin is necessary to provide a baseline for current conditions, to compare with historical data, and to provide a reference for future studies by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. In addition, the basin-wide surveys begin the process of addressing the cause-effect relation for water quality in the basin. Effects of land use, geology, vegetation, soils, and reservoirs on water quality were considered by site selection. Seasonal differences were addressed by conducting two surveys, the first during the winter low-flow period and the second during the late spring high-flow period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs16095","usgsCitation":"Shipp, A.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment in the Trinity River Basin, Texas; pesticide occurrence in streams, winter and spring 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 160-95, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16095.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-160-95/"},{"id":117922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_160_95.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.72314453125,\n              33.60546961227188\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.118896484375,\n              33.52307880890422\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.503662109375,\n              33.52307880890422\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              33.394759218577995\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.45996093749999,\n              33.23868752757414\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              32.657875736955305\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.372314453125,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.910888671875,\n              31.70947636001935\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.58129882812499,\n              30.996445897426373\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              30.32547125932808\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              29.983486718474694\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4384765625,\n              29.77391386999227\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              29.66896252599253\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              29.563901551414443\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.701904296875,\n              29.592565403314087\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              29.945415337104453\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.229248046875,\n              30.477082932837682\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.624755859375,\n              31.12819929911196\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              31.409912194070973\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.49267578125,\n              31.90554145590038\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.02001953125,\n              32.12910537866886\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5693359375,\n              32.33355894864106\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.89892578125,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.975830078125,\n              33.19273094190692\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.82202148437499,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.72314453125,\n              33.60546961227188\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31685,"text":"ofr95333 - 1995 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cottonwood River basin, southwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T20:19:52.095003","indexId":"ofr95333","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-333","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cottonwood River basin, southwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected points on streams in the Cottonwood River Basin, located in southwestern Minnesota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. The points on the stream include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, outlets of sewage treatment plants, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey low-flow, high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr95333","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C., 1995, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Cottonwood River basin, southwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-333, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 45.62 x 25.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95333.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 45.62 x 25.57 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395995,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanocki, Chris 0000-0001-6714-5421","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-5421","contributorId":214142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18426,"text":"ofr95313 - 1995 - Hydrologic data through 1993 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:25","indexId":"ofr95313","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-313","title":"Hydrologic data through 1993 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","docAbstract":"This report presents data on precipitation, geologic logs, water levels, and water quality that have been collected or compiled, through water year 1993, for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program, under the guidance of the Bureau of Reclamation. The purpose of the Huron Project is to demonstrate the artificial recharge potential of glacial aquifers in eastern South Dakota. High flows from the James River during spring runoff are used as a source of supplemental recharge for the Warren aquifer, which is a buried, glacial aquifer. Prior to the injection of recharge water, which began in April 1994, many sites were monitored to obtain background information. This report presents data that were collected prior to the initiation of recharge. Precipitation data are collected at two sites within the study area. A site description and daily precipitation for water years 1991-93 are presented for one precipitation site. In 1990, 76 test holes were drilled and observation wells were installed at 70 sites. Well information and geologic logs collected during the drilling program for the Huron Project are presented. In addition to the 70 new Huron Project wells, 15 existing observation wells owned by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources were incorporated into the study. Water- level hydrographs are presented for the 85 observation wells. The period of record shown for the hydrographs is from the earliest available record through September 1993. Water-quality data were collected from both screening and detailed sampling programs. Screening water-quality data for 32 observation wells are presented. These data include primarily field parameters and common ions. The eight detailed sampling sites represent the quality of untreated water, treated water, an intermittent stream, and ground water from the Warren aquifer. Data presented for the detailed sampling program include field parameters, bacteria counts, and concentrations of common ions, solids, nutrients, trace elements, radiometrics, total organic carbon, herbicides, insecticides, and volatile organic compounds.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95313","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., 1995, Hydrologic data through 1993 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-313, vi, 151 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95313.","productDescription":"vi, 151 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":179098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29453,"text":"wri944146 - 1995 - Relation of fracture orientation to linear terrain features, anisotropic transmissivity, and seepage to streams in the karst Prairie du Chien Group, southeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T15:21:05.334549","indexId":"wri944146","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4146","title":"Relation of fracture orientation to linear terrain features, anisotropic transmissivity, and seepage to streams in the karst Prairie du Chien Group, southeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water flow in the karst-terrane aquifers of southeastern Minnesota is not well defined. Variable fracture patterns in the bedrock affect permeability. Techniques to predict the effects of fracture patterns on ground-water flow in the karst-terrane aquifers of southeastern Minnesota are unavailable. The use of such techniques may be useful to officials responsible for the management and protection of ground water in these aquifers, which have a high susceptibility to contamination. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources, investigated fracture patterns, anisotropic transmissivity, and seepage to streams from the Prairie du Chien Group, which is the karst portion of the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, to improve the understanding of ground-water flow through karst-terrane aquifers in southeastern Minnesota.</p>\n<p>This report presents the results of testing hypotheses that (1) the major axes of linear terrain features correlate with the major axes of subsurface fractures in the Prairie du Chien Group, and that (2) the major axes of subsurface fractures in the Prairie du Chien Group correlate with seepage from the Prairie du Chien Group.</p>\n<p>The first hypothesis was tested by comparison of linear terrain features to fracture orientation measurements. Fracture orientations in 10 exposures of the Prairie du Chien Group at quarries, road cuts, and natural outcrops showed statistically significant directional trends at 8 of 10 sites. Directional trends of linear terrain features identified from 1:80,000 aerial photographs were significant in four of the ten 60-square mile areas that surround these sites. The fracture orientation measurements correlate with the local linear terrain features in 2 of the 10 sites.</p>\n<p>The second hypothesis was tested by analyzing the correlation between seepage rates into streams hydraulically connected to the Prairie du Chien Group and surrounding linear terrain features that were mapped in approximately 300 square mile areas. Data from Riceford Creek support this hypothesis; data from Crow Creek and Middle Fork of the Whitewater River and from Duschee Creek are inconclusive. This hypothesis could not be tested by the data from the Middle Fork of the Zumbro River, the South Branch of the Root River, and the South Branch of the Middle Fork of the Zumbro River because the surrounding linear terrain features lack directional trends.</p>\n<p>The transmissivity of the karst portion of the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer is anisotropic at an aquifertest site in the study area. Results of the aquifer test indicate that the major axis of transmissivity is along a line N95&deg;E. The aquifer-test results indicate that the principal axis of joint fractures at the test site is slightly clockwise from an east-west line because this axis is assumed to correlate with the major axis of horizontal transmissivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944146","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1995, Relation of fracture orientation to linear terrain features, anisotropic transmissivity, and seepage to streams in the karst Prairie du Chien Group, southeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4146, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944146.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":390819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48029.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien Group","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.80975341796875,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              44.270771508583536\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.88140869140625,\n              44.21764696919354\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.84844970703125,\n              44.188112606916484\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              44.156592967556605\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.75506591796875,\n              44.14476875978378\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.71112060546875,\n              44.13097085672744\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6973876953125,\n              44.109281923355645\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6644287109375,\n              44.08363928284644\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62322998046875,\n              44.05995928349327\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5985107421875,\n              44.03232064275084\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.53533935546875,\n              44.02047156335411\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.47216796875,\n              44.01257086123087\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.42547607421875,\n              43.992814500489914\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.351318359375,\n              43.92559366355069\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3238525390625,\n              43.89393401411192\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27716064453125,\n              43.84839376489157\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.263427734375,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24420166015624,\n              43.77307711737606\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.263427734375,\n              43.72148995228582\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27716064453125,\n              43.67581809328344\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.263427734375,\n              43.65594991256823\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.27166748046875,\n              43.620170616189924\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              43.58834891179792\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2249755859375,\n              43.55850077671243\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23870849609375,\n              43.54655738051152\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.219482421875,\n              43.520671902437606\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.219482421875,\n              43.49876012743523\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8289794921875,\n              43.50274467820439\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83447265624999,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80975341796875,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61206e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16794,"text":"ofr95373 - 1995 - Analytical data from phases I and II of the Willamette River basin water quality study, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:56:12","indexId":"ofr95373","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-373","title":"Analytical data from phases I and II of the Willamette River basin water quality study, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents trace-element, organic-compound (pesticides, volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, and dioxin and furan compounds), and nutrient concentration data from the analyses of water column, suspended-sediment, and bed-sediment samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of Phases I and II of the comprehensive Willamette River Basin Water Quality Study in western Oregon. The overall study was designed by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality to acquire the technical and regulatory knowledge necessary to protect and enhance water quality in the Willamette River Basin.</p>\n<p>The data were collected at 50 sites, representing runoff from agricultural, forested, and urbanized subbasins. In Phase I, water samples were collected during high and low flows in 1992 and 1993 to represent a wide range of hydrologic conditions. Bed-sediment samples were collected during low flows in 1993. In Phase II, water samples were collected in the spring of 1994 after the first high-flow event following the application of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides and in the fall during the first high-flow events following the conclusion of the agricultural season.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr95373","usgsCitation":"Harrison, H.E., Anderson, C., Rinella, F., Gasser, T.M., and Pogue, T.R., 1995, Analytical data from phases I and II of the Willamette River basin water quality study, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-373, v, 171 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95373.","productDescription":"v, 171 p.","numberOfPages":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0373/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0373/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"537.32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sandy River Basin, Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.76123046875,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6181640625,\n              45.259422036351694\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.79394531249999,\n              45.10454630976873\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.50830078125,\n              44.91813929958515\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1787109375,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06884765625,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37646484374999,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.15673828124999,\n              43.59630591596548\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02490234375,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.53076171875,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39892578125,\n              44.35527821160296\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              45.47554027158593\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              45.537136680398596\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76123046875,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76123046875,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e52c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Howard E.","contributorId":8485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":173627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gasser, Timothy M.","contributorId":54615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasser","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pogue, Ted R. Jr.","contributorId":13998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pogue","given":"Ted","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26852,"text":"wri954111 - 1995 - Assimilative capacity of the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 1989-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T12:10:35","indexId":"wri954111","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4111","displayTitle":"Assimilative capacity of the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 1989-92","title":"Assimilative capacity of the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 1989-92","docAbstract":"The assimilative capacities of selected reaches of the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, were determined using results from water-quality simulations by the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model. The study area included tidally influenced sections of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, Bull Creek, and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. Hydrodynamic data for the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model were simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey BRANCH one-dimensional unsteady- flow model. Assimilative capacities were determined for four locations using low-, medium-, and high- flow conditions and the average dissolved-oxygen concentration for a 7-day period. Results indicated that for the Waccamaw River near Conway, the ultimate oxygen demand is 370 to 6,740 pounds per day for 7-day average streamflows of 17 to 1,500 cubic feet per second. For the Waccamaw River at Bucksport, the ultimate oxygen demand is 580 to 7,300 pounds per day for 7-day average streamflows of 62 to 1,180 cubic feet per second. For the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near North Myrtle Beach, simulations indicate ultimate oxygen demand is 5,100 to 10,000 pounds per day for 7-day average streamflows of 110 to 465 cubic feet per second. The ultimate oxygen demand for the Waccamaw River near Murrells Inlet is 11,000 to 230,000 pounds per day for 7-day average streamflows of 2,240 to 13,700 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954111","usgsCitation":"Drewes, P., and Conrads, P., 1995, Assimilative capacity of the Waccamaw River and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 1989-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4111, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954111.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewes, P.A.","contributorId":31022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4486,"text":"cir1120F - 1995 - Propagation and composition of the flood wave on the upper Mississippi River, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:40:20","indexId":"cir1120F","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1120","chapter":"F","title":"Propagation and composition of the flood wave on the upper Mississippi River, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>During spring and summer 1993, record flooding inundated much of the upper Mississippi River Basin. The magnitude of the damages-in terms of property, disrupted business, and personal trauma was unmatched by any other flood disaster in United States history. Property damage alone is expected to exceed $10 billion. Damaged highways and submerged roads disrupted overland transportation throughout the flooded region. The Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers were closed to navigation before, during, and after the flooding. Millions of acres of productive farmland remained under water for weeks during the growing season. Rills and gullies in many tilled fields are the result of the severe erosion that occurred throughout the Midwestern United States farmbelt. The hydrologic effects of extended rainfall throughout the upper Midwestern United States were severe and widespread. The banks and channels of many rivers were severely eroded, and sediment was deposited over large areas of the basin's flood plain. Record flows submerged many areas that had not been affected by previous floods. Industrial and agricultural areas were inundated, which caused concern about the transport and fate of industrial chemicals, sewage effluent, and agricultural chemicals in the floodwaters. The extent and duration of the flooding caused numerous levees to fail. One failed levee on the Raccoon River in Des Moines, Iowa, led to flooding of the city's water treatment plant. As a result, the city was without drinking water for 19 days.</p><p>As the Nation's principal water-science agency, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is in a unique position to provide an immediate assessment of some of the hydrological effects of the 1993 flood. The USGS maintains a hydrologic data network and conducts extensive water-resources investigations nationwide. Long-term data from this network and information on local and regional hydrology provide the basis for identifying and documenting the effects of the flooding . During the flood, the USGS provided continuous streamflow and related information to the National Weather Service (NWS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and many State and local agencies as part of its role to provide basic information on the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources at thousands of locations across the United States. The NWS has used the data in forecasting floods and issuing flood warnings. The data have been used by the Corps of Engineers to operate water diversions, dams, locks, and levees. The FEMA and many State and local emergency management agencies have used USGS hydrologic data and NWS forecasts as part of the basis of their local flood-response activities. In addition, USGS hydrologists are conducting a series of investigations to document the effects of the flooding and to improve understanding of the related processes. The major initial findings from these studies will be reported in this Circular series as results become available.</p><p>U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, Floods in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1993, consists of individually published chapters that will document the effects of the 1993 flooding. The series includes data and findings on the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges; precipitation; water-quality characteristics, including nutrients and man-made contaminants; transport of sediment; assessment of sediment deposited on flood plains; effects of inundation on ground-water quality; flood-discharge volume; effects of reservoir storage on flood peaks; stream-channel scour at selected bridges; extent of floodplain inundation; and documentation of geomorphologic changes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1120F","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 1995, Propagation and composition of the flood wave on the upper Mississippi River, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1120F.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1120-f","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1120_F.bmp"},{"id":352374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/circ1120-f/pdf/circ_1120-f.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26889,"text":"wri954023 - 1995 - Regional rainfall-runoff relations for simulation of streamflow for watersheds in Lake County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-21T12:19:17.464536","indexId":"wri954023","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4023","displayTitle":"Regional Rainfall-Runoff Relations for Simulation of Streamflow for Watersheds in Lake County, Illinois","title":"Regional rainfall-runoff relations for simulation of streamflow for watersheds in Lake County, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall and streamflow data collected in Lake County, Ill., from March 1990 through September 1993 were used to (1) calibrate a rainfall-runoff model for an area encompassing three watersheds (individual areas of 17.2, 35.7, and 37.0 mi<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;(square miles) and (2) verify the regional model parameter set obtained from the calibration by applying the parameter set to rainfall-runoff models for an additional small (6.3 mi<sup>2</sup>) watershed and a large (59.6 mi<sup>2</sup>) watershed. In addition, rainfall and streamflow data collected from April 1991 through September 1993 were used to calibrate the rainfall-runoff model for three single land-use watersheds (38.2-305 acres), called hydrologic response units (HRU's). Significant differences were found between the best parameters used in the HRU models and in the larger watershed models. The main channels in the HRU's are intermittent streams; thus, the parameters in the HRU models were selected such that a fluctuating water table could be simulated; runoff from the larger watersheds is not as sensitive to the effects of a fluctuating water table. Classification of land cover into two pervious subareas (forest and grass) and one impervious subarea (including parking lots, streets, and rooftops, among others) was sufficient to simulate the rainfall-runoff relations for all watersheds accurately. The model parameters presented in this report, which were refined through regional calibration and verified for watersheds not considered in the calibration, allow simulation of runoff in watersheds in Lake County, Ill., with approximately 93-percent accuracy in the total water balance, an average absolute error in the annual- flow estimates of 10.9 percent (and an error rarely exceeding 25 percent for annual flow), and monthly water balances with correlation coefficients of 93 percent and coefficients of model-fit efficiency of 86 percent. The models closely reproduced the partial-duration series of runoff and storm-runoff frequencies for the modeled watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake County Stormwater Management Commission","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J., Vail, T., and Melching, C., 1995, Regional rainfall-runoff relations for simulation of streamflow for watersheds in Lake County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4023, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954023.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4023/wrir95_4023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 95–4023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Lake County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.17970275878906,\n              42.12980284036179\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.76634216308594,\n              42.12980284036179\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.76634216308594,\n              42.49235259142821\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.17970275878906,\n              42.49235259142821\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.17970275878906,\n              42.12980284036179\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>405 North Goodwin<br>Urbana, IL 61801</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Methods of Study</li><li>Simulation of Streamflow</li><li>Rainrall-Runoff Relations</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix A—Example User Control Input (UCI) File For Simulating Watersheds <br>With The Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF)</li><li>Appendix B—Example User Control Input (UCI) File For Simulating Hydrologic <br>Response Units (HRU’s)&nbsp;With The Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF)</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duncker, James J.","contributorId":62620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vail, Tracy J.","contributorId":103703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vail","given":"Tracy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":23973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31738,"text":"ofr95162 - 1995 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the upper Minnesota River basin, west-central Minnesota, northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T18:34:22.579497","indexId":"ofr95162","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-162","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the upper Minnesota River basin, west-central Minnesota, northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected points on streams in the Upper Minnesota River Basin, located in west-central Minnesota, north-eastern South Dakota, and southeastern North Dakota, are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both laker and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. The points on the stream include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, outlets of sewage treatment plants, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey low-flow, highflow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr95162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C., 1995, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the upper Minnesota River basin, west-central Minnesota, northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-162, Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 40.74 x 44.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95162.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 40.74 x 44.66 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":20643,"text":"ofr95338 - 1995 - Hydrologic and water-quality data for the lower Bradley River, Alaska, March 1993 to April 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T21:38:30.518871","indexId":"ofr95338","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-338","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data for the lower Bradley River, Alaska, March 1993 to April 1994","docAbstract":"A dam constructed at the outlet of Bradley Lake near Homer, Alaska has blocked natural flows to the lower Bradley River. To protect salmon egg incubation habitat during the period November 2 to April 30, a fish-water bypass was incorporated into the design of the dam to ensure a minimum discharge of 40 cubic feet per second in the lower river. This minimum flow determination was based on an open-water instream flow study that did not take into account effects of ice formation. A study was begun in March 1993 to determine winter flow conditions in the lower Bradley River. As a part of this study, data were collected at sites in the lower Bradley River to measure discharge, wetted perimeter, cross-sectional area, water depth, flow velocity, and specific conductance, as well as temperature and dissolved oxygen from both surface water and intragravel water. Discharge and specific conduc- tance in the Middle Fork Bradley River below North Fork Bradley River were also measured. This report presents data collected between March 1993 and April 1994.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95338","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., 1995, Hydrologic and water-quality data for the lower Bradley River, Alaska, March 1993 to April 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-338, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95338.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411085,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19162.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Bradley River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.00006610933335,\n              59.84487029785086\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.00006610933335,\n              59.6471642653043\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.46582873962421,\n              59.6471642653043\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.46582873962421,\n              59.84487029785086\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.00006610933335,\n              59.84487029785086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, Ronald L. rrickman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"Ronald","email":"rrickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25767,"text":"wri954014 - 1995 - Simulated response of the High Plains aquifer to ground-water withdrawals in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri954014","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4014","title":"Simulated response of the High Plains aquifer to ground-water withdrawals in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Soil Tilth Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, conducted a study as part of the multi- scale, interagency Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) program to evaluate the effects of agricultural management (farming) systems on water quality. Data on surface flow, tileflow, and streamflow in the Walnut Creek watershed just south of Ames, Iowa, were collected during April 1991-September 1993 at five sites with drainage areas ranging from 366 to 5,130 hectares. Precipitation, flow discharge, and concentration, loads, and yields of nitrate as nitrogen, atrazine, and metolachlor were analyzed to relate the transport of agricultural chemicals to major water-flow processes and to examine and transport differences among three subwatersheds. Antecedent conditions and basin-characteristic differences had significant effects on the flow response from the subwatersheds. Monthly streamflow-to- precipitation ratios were greater than 1.0, as a result of snowmelt, and negative when streamflow was lost to the ground-water system in the downstream subwatershed. Dry antecedent conditions resulted in ratios less than 0.3 (July 1992), whereas wet antecedent conditions resulted in ratios from 0.7 to almost 1.0 (July 1993) during months with similar large rainfall amounts. Most of the streamflow from the upland subwatersheds came from tileflow. Surface flow (surface runoff, interflow, and return flow0 was highly variable and intermittent, usually lasting for only a few days after a storm, although it could be the dominant source of flow when stormflow was large. Tileflow was less variable and much more persistent, ceasing only after prolonged dry periods. Large quantities of nitrate as nitrogen were transported in Walnut Creek, with concen- trations often greater than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for finished drinking water. In the upland subwatersheds, ground-water flow from the tiles appears to have been the primary means of transport to the streams. Concentrations in tileflow and streamflow generally were 4 to 16 milligrams per liter, with the lower concen- trations often the result of dilution by surface runoff. Loss ratios, chemical yields expressed as a percentage of average application rates of nitrate as nitrogen for October 1992-September 1993, were about 10 percent for surface flow and more than 100 percent for tileflow from the 366-hectare basin and were more than 200 percent for streamflow from the downstream subwatershed. Concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor in streamflow, typically, were less than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 3.0 micrograms per liter, but were as high as 59 and 80 micrograms per liter, respectively, during stormflow. Concentrations as high as 170 micrograms per liter occurred in tileflow, but these were related to surface flow through surface inlets. The transport of herbicides was extremely variable, with most of the loads occurring during stormflow. Atrazine appeared more susceptable to transport losses to streamflow than did metolachlor. Loss ratios for streamflow from the subwatersheds for April- September periods were 0.3 to 20 percent for atrazine and 0.1 to 2.9 percent for metolachlor. Chemical loss ratios indicated differences in the transport characteristics of the three subwatersheds. The downstream subwatershed, which has steeper terrain, a more-developed natural drainage system, and fewer tiles than the two upland subwatersheds, had the largest loss rates for all three chemicals--206 percent for nitrate as nitrogen (October 1992-September 1993) and 20 percent for atrazine and 2.9 percent for metolachlor (April-September 1993). For May-July 1993, when most of the herbicides were transported, the downstream subwatershed also had the largest cumulative unit discharge and the largest streamflow-to-precipitation ra","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954014","usgsCitation":"Peckenpaugh, J.M., Kern, R., Dugan, J.T., and Kilpatrick, J.M., 1995, Simulated response of the High Plains aquifer to ground-water withdrawals in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4014, vi, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954014.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peckenpaugh, J. M.","contributorId":69559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenpaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kern, R.A.","contributorId":107315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilpatrick, J. M.","contributorId":80706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28440,"text":"wri954074 - 1995 - Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-25T17:01:25","indexId":"wri954074","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4074","title":"Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The chemistry and toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material in the Phoenix, Arizona, area were characterized to determine if urban stormwater could degrade the quality of streams. Toxic phases of stormwater (oil and grease, suspended solids, dissolved metals, and dissolved organics) were identified to aid water-quality managers minimize the sources of toxicants. Acute aquatic toxicity tests were done using the water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows (Pimaphales promelas), and acute sediment toxicity tests were done using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Statistical analyses also were used to determine the effect of urbanization on the quality of water and bed material and to identify toxic constituents. </p><p>Statistical analyses indicated that urban stormwater could degrade the quality of streamflow with oil and grease, pesticides, dissolved trace metals, and ammonia, and that ammonia, lead, cadmium, and zinc are released by urban activities and accumulate in bed material. Ammonia may be from fertilizers, fecal matter, and other sources. Lead probably is from vehicles that use leaded gasoline. Cadmium and zinc could be from paniculate metal in oil, brake pads, and other sources.</p><p>Samples of the initial runoff from urban drainage basins appeared to be more toxic than flowweighted composite samples, and stormwater was more harmful to fathead minnows than to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Streamflow samples from the Salt River were not toxic to either species, which indicates that urban stormwater could degrade the quality of the Salt River. The enhanced mortality rate of fathead minnows exposed to urban stormwater from most urban drainage basins indicated that the toxicants were more detrimental to fish than to insects and could be present in stormwater throughout the Phoenix area. The most toxic stormwater samples were collected from the drainage basins with residential and commercial land use, and the toxicity probably was due to surfactants and (or) other constituents leached from asphalt and resealant Results of toxicity identification evaluations indicated that the toxicity of stormwater mostly was due to organic constituents; dissolved zinc and copper also appeared to contribute to stormwater toxicity. Statistical comparisons of chemical data to toxicity data indicated that organophosphate pesticides were not the toxic constituents, and the toxicity generally was due to organic constituents that were not analyzed.</p><p>The most toxic bed-material samples were collected from a drainage basin with undeveloped land use. In these bed-material samples, mortality rates were significantly higher than in samples from ephemeral channels. Comparisons between the toxicity of bed-material samples from undeveloped and urban drainage basins and between urban drainage basins and ephemeral channels showed no significant difference. In urban drainage basins, bed-material samples collected from areas where stormwater accumulates appeared to be more toxic than samples collected from areas where stormwater does not accumulate. </p><p>For bed-material samples from the undeveloped drainage basin, mortality rates strongly correlated with recoverable concentrations of zinc and moderately correlated with recoverable concentrations of copper. The high mortality rate probably was due to naturally occurring trace metals. For bed-material samples from urban drainage basins, mortality rates significantly correlated with recoverable concentrations of cadmium and zinc, which resulted from urban activities. The bioavailability of trace metals in bed material appeared to be controlled by the adsorption properties of organic carbon, iron, and manganese. Organochlorine pesticides were detected in most bed-material samples; however, mortality rates were poorly correlated with pesticide concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Fossum, K.D., 1995, Selected chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of urban stormwater, streamflow, and bed material, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4074, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954074.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              33.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fossum, Kenneth D.","contributorId":34121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fossum","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25399,"text":"wri954047 - 1995 - Aquatic communities and contaminants in fish from streams of the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:16:11","indexId":"wri954047","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4047","title":"Aquatic communities and contaminants in fish from streams of the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Available data on the ecology of aquatic organisms in the Red River of the North Basin, a study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment program, were collated from numerous sources. Lack of information for invertebrates and algae precluded a general summary of distribution and ecology throughout the basin. Data on fish species distributions in the major streams of the Red River of the North Basin were analyzed based on the drainage area of the stream and the number of ecoregions the stream flowed through. Species richness increased with both drainage area (log drainage area in square kilometers, R<sup>2</sup>=0.41, p=0.0055) and the number of ecoregions a river flowed through. However, theses two factors are autocorrelated because the larger the drainage, the more likely that the river will flow through more than one ecoregion. A cluster analysis identified five river groups based on similarity of species within the fish community. Analysis of trophic and taxonomic composition provided justification for the cluster groups. There were significant differences (p=0.05) in the trophic composition of the river cluster groups with respect to the number of predator species, omnivore species, benthic insectivore species, and general insectivore species. Although there were no significant differences in the number of species in the bass and sunfish family or the sucker family, the number of species in the minnow family and the darter subfamily were different (p=0.05) among the groups identified by cluster analysis. Data on contaminant concentrations in fish from the Red River of the North indicated that most trace elements and organochlorine compounds present in tissues were not at levels toxic to fish or humans. Minnesota and North Dakota have issued a fish consumption advisory based on levels of mercury and (or) PCBs found in some species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954047","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., 1995, Aquatic communities and contaminants in fish from streams of the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota and North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4047, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954047.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4047/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -99.82177734375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -99.99755859375, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.338134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.879512933970496 ], [ -100.21728515624999, 47.82053186746053 ], [ -100.294189453125, 47.7097615426664 ], [ -100.4150390625, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -100.51391601562499, 47.53203824675999 ], [ -100.250244140625, 47.42065432071321 ], [ -100.01953125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -99.84374999999999, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -99.766845703125, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -99.6240234375, 47.71715357016648 ], [ -99.393310546875, 47.73193447949174 ], [ -99.140625, 47.746711194756 ], [ -98.76708984374999, 47.68757916850813 ], [ -98.602294921875, 47.62097541515849 ], [ -98.4814453125, 47.47266286861342 ], [ -98.536376953125, 47.30903424774781 ], [ -98.58032226562499, 47.15236927446393 ], [ -98.45947265625, 46.965259400349275 ], [ -98.32763671875, 46.7549166192819 ], [ -98.118896484375, 46.626806395355175 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.55886030311719 ], [ -98.19580078125, 46.430285240839964 ], [ -98.15185546874999, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -98.052978515625, 46.05036097561633 ], [ -97.943115234375, 45.91294412737392 ], [ -97.701416015625, 45.85176048817254 ], [ -97.31689453125, 45.836454050187726 ], [ -97.152099609375, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.96533203125, 45.897654534346884 ], [ -96.88842773437499, 45.78284835197676 ], [ -96.767578125, 45.71385093029221 ], [ -96.45996093749999, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -96.43798828125, 45.61403741135093 ], [ -96.40502929687499, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -96.15234375, 45.60635207711834 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.805828539928356 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 45.92822950933618 ], [ -95.92163085937499, 46.13417004624326 ], [ -95.833740234375, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -95.723876953125, 46.07323062540838 ], [ -95.49316406249999, 46.126556302418514 ], [ -95.526123046875, 46.255846818480336 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -95.284423828125, 46.52863469527167 ], [ -95.33935546875, 46.702202151643455 ], [ -95.2734375, 46.875213396722685 ], [ -95.29541015625, 47.08508535995384 ], [ -95.2734375, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -95.284423828125, 47.35371061951363 ], [ -95.25146484374999, 47.44294999517949 ], [ -95.086669921875, 47.56170075451973 ], [ -94.95483398437499, 47.60616304386874 ], [ -94.58129882812499, 47.65058757118734 ], [ -94.3505859375, 47.76148371616669 ], [ -94.19677734375, 47.857402894658236 ], [ -93.9990234375, 48.004625021133904 ], [ -94.02099609375, 48.122101028190805 ], [ -94.19677734375, 48.23199134320962 ], [ -94.33959960937499, 48.32703913063476 ], [ -94.625244140625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -95.00976562499999, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.34894812401375 ], [ -95.1416015625, 48.45106561953216 ], [ -95.07568359375, 48.596592251456705 ], [ -95.185546875, 48.61838518688487 ], [ -95.350341796875, 48.65468584817256 ], [ -95.372314453125, 48.741700879765396 ], [ -95.3173828125, 48.821332549646634 ], [ -95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20325,"text":"ofr95281 - 1995 - Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr95281","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-281","title":"Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95281","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., and Harte, P.T., 1995, Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-281, iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95281.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16948,"text":"ofr95514 - 1995 - Cerro Prieto geothermal field, Mexico; chemical analyses and other data for 58 samples collected in 1977-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T08:03:38","indexId":"ofr95514","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-514","title":"Cerro Prieto geothermal field, Mexico; chemical analyses and other data for 58 samples collected in 1977-1979","docAbstract":"<p>This report releases the results of selected chemical analyses by the USGS of fluids collected from geothennal power production wells at the Cerro Prieto Geothennal Field, Mexico. Cerro Prieto, the world's largest producing hot-water geothennal field, is located 32 km southeast of Mexicali, Baja California. Comision Federal de Electricidad de Mexico (CFE) gave permission for, and assisted in, sample collection. Data collection and reported analyses was made by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data collected in 1977 and 1978 where published previously by Ball and Jenne (1983) which was about half the data given here. This report also includes samples collected in 1979 which were not previously released. These activities, including this data release, are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.</p><p>Analyses given in the following section were made by James W. Ball and E.A. Jenne. The data have been reviewed with the assistance of Cathy Janik, USGS, Menlo Park. Some, but not all, details from Ball and Jenne (1983) concerning collection, and preservation and analytical procedures are repeated here. Nehring and Trusdell (1977) also provide an outline of some of the issues involved in the difficult task of collecting samples from geothermal wells. The initial intent of the study was to provide basic data for use in determining how these fluids should be managed either in disposal or in reinjection. Some of the hot, corrosive brines were separated as two-phase (water and steam) samples under pressure using a coiled condenser tube submerged in an ice/water mixture (called \"condensed\" samples). It is not known if these were total flow samples. Other samples were collected from the brine sampling valve of the separators (called \"flashed\" samples). Analyses given in the following section area sorted by (1) well number, (2) date, and (3) sample type(s).</p><p>Analysis was by a Spectraspan III d.c. argon plasma emission spectrometer with a Spectraject III torch (Ball and Jenne, 1983). Elements were determined in two groups using interchangeable cassettes. Group one included B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Si, Zr, Be, Mn, Sr, Ti, Ca, Fe, Ba, K, Na, Rb, and Al. Group two included As, Se, Bi, Zn, Cd, Sb, Cu, Ni, Hg, Mo, Co, Cr, Fe, V, Tl, Li, and Pb. Ball and Jenne (1983) noted that analysis of B, Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr generally gave precise results. Movement of the plasma or grating was observed to affect sensitivity over short time periods even while the instrument was carefully standardized and optimized. Sensitivity was also a function of sample concentration. All samples at the time of analysis contained a white precipitate (perhaps colloidal silica) thus the reported concentrations may not accurately represent the concentrations present at the time of collection (Ball and Jenne, 1983). Additional details about specific elements are given in the section on \"Evaluation of data\" (Bliss, this volume) following the data table.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95514","usgsCitation":"1995, Cerro Prieto geothermal field, Mexico; chemical analyses and other data for 58 samples collected in 1977-1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-514, iii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95514.","productDescription":"iii, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0514/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6e5f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759394,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20658,"text":"ofr94511 - 1995 - Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr94511","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-511","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted to characterize flow, circulation, and transport in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina. The study included a detailed field-measurement program and the calibration, validation, and application of a physically realistic numerical model of hydro- dynamics and transport through a 40-kilometer reach of the estuary. Water level, salinity, water temperature, wind speed and direction, current velocity, and bathymetric data were collected during March 1988 through September 1992. Additional data from pre-existing continuous-record streamflow gaging stations and meteorological stations also were used. A two-dimensional, vertically averaged hydrodynamic and solute transport model was applied to the study reach. The model domain was discretized into 200- by 200-meter computational cells. Model calibration was achieved through adjustment of model parameters for the period June 1-24, 1991. Additional simulations for periods in 1989 and 1991 were run to validate the model. The model was calibrated and validated for water levels ranging from -0.104 to 0.908 meters, salinities ranging from 2.8 to 22.0 parts per thousand, and wind speed from calm to 9 meters per second. The model was tested for stratified and unstratified conditions. Simulated and observed level, salinity, and velocity data were used to evaluate the model. The calibrated model was applied to simulate flows, circulation, and salinity distributions for four simulation periods in 1989 and 1991. Comparisons of simulated results for a period in June 1991 were made between the Neuse and Pamlico models to characterize differences between the two systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94511","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Neuse River estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-511, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94511.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0511/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0511/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31735,"text":"ofr95590 - 1995 - Digital aeromagnetic anomaly data from eastern-most Guyana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T08:53:54","indexId":"ofr95590","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-590","title":"Digital aeromagnetic anomaly data from eastern-most Guyana","docAbstract":"<p>The Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI) supported distribution and analysis of geoscientific and mineral resource related information concerning Latin America. CIMRI staff digitized aeromagnetic data for eastern-most Guyana as part of a preliminary regional assessment of minerals in the Guyana Shield, South America. The data were digitized from 145 aeromagnetic contour maps at a scale of 1:50,000 and merged into a single digital data set. The data were used to examine the Precambrian shield, greenstone belts, and other tectonic boundaries as well as explore ideas concerning mineral deposits within the area. A subset of these digital data were presented to the Guyanan government during early 1995 (Pierce, 1994). This Open-File report, consisting of this text and seven (7) 3.5\" IBM-PC compatible ASCII magnetic disks, makes the digital data available to the public. Information regarding the source of data and subsequent processing is included below. </p><p>The data were collected in Guyana by two contractors at different times. The first data were collected from 1962 to 1963. These data are several aeromagnetic surveys covering parts of 12 quadrangles funded by the United Nations and flown by Aero Service Corporation. The second and more extensive data set was collected from 1971 to 1972 by the Canadian International Development Agency flown by Terra Surveys Ltd. under a contract with the Geological Survey of Guyana. The Guyana Government published the data as contour maps that are available in Georgetown through the Guyana Government. Coverage extends from about 2°45*N to 8°30*N latitude and from 60°0'W to 57°0'W longitude (see Figure 1.). The contour maps were digitized at points where the magnetic contours intersect the flight lines. </p><p>The data files include XYZ ASCII files, XYZ binary files, ASCII grids, and binary \"standard USGS\" grids. There are four grids consisting of the following data types: </p><ul><li>unprotected raw data grid</li><li>unprotected residual or International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) removed grid</li><li>UTM projected residual (IGRF removed) grid</li><li>UTM projected residual with a second order surface removed</li></ul><p>These data files were transferred to 3.5\" 1.44 megabyte floppy disks readable on IBM-compatible personal computers. These data are also available from the Department of Commerce National Geophysical Data Center. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95590","usgsCitation":"Pierce, H.A., Backjinski, N., and Manes, J., 1995, Digital aeromagnetic anomaly data from eastern-most Guyana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-590, Report: 12 p.; 1 Diskette ZIP file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95590.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 1 Diskette ZIP file","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":349498,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0590/ofr95590.zip","text":"Diskette","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":59954,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0590/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0590/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guyana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backjinski, Natalka","contributorId":14475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backjinski","given":"Natalka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manes, John-James","contributorId":35375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"John-James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30094,"text":"wri954005 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T20:38:41.200733","indexId":"wri954005","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4005","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990","docAbstract":"Data describing the presence, spatial distribution, and temporal variability of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water were collected from streams in the upper Illinois River Basin from 1987-90 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The largest concen- trations and loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were observed in streams in the urban areas of the basin. Mean annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus leaving the upper Illinois River Basin accounted for 30 and 4 percent, respectively, of the input of these nutrients to the basin. Upward trends in total nitrogen concen- trations from 1978-90 were observed at three surface-water sampling stations, and downward trends in total phosphorus concentrations were observed at two stations. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 3.4 to 12.2 milligrams per liter at eight long-term monitoring stations in the basin. During low-flow conditions, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 59 percent of the sites in the agricultural Kankakee River Basin and 49 percent of the sites in the urban Des Plaines River Basin were less than the Illinois water-quality standard of 5.0 milligrams per liter. Upward trends in dissolved oxygen concentrations were indicated at the two most downstream stations in the upper Illinois River Basin. Fecal-coliform densities at the fixed stations ranged from 1 to 45,000 colonies per 100 milliliters; stream-water samples from the Des Plaines River Basin typically had densities one or two orders of magnitude larger than samples from the rest of the Upper Illinois River Basin. Between 30 and 100 percent of the samples collected at surface-water sampling stations in the Des Plaines River Basin had densities of E.Coli greater than the Federal criteria for infrequently used full-body- contact water. Significant downward trends in bacteria densities were observed at three of the surface-water-monitoring stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954005","usgsCitation":"Terrio, P.J., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4005, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954005.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393016,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48128.htm"},{"id":58908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              40.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              40.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              43.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              43.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              40.4667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrio, P. J.","contributorId":11645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18041,"text":"ofr94454 - 1995 - Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:19:38","indexId":"ofr94454","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-454","title":"Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted to characterize flow, circulation, and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina. The study included a detailed field-measurement program and the calibration, validation, and application of a physically realistic numerical model of hydro- dynamics and transport. Water level, salinity, water temperature, wind speed and direction, and current data were collected during March 1988 through September 1992, and were used to characterize physical conditions in the estuary. Data from pre- existing streamflow gaging stations and meteoro- logical stations were also used. A two-dimensional vertically averaged hydrodynamic and solute transport model was applied to the 48-kilometer study reach. The model domain was discretized into 5,620 separate 200- by 200-meter computational cells. Model calibration was achieved through adjustment of parameters for June 14-30, 1991. Data from selected periods in 1989 and 1991 were used for model validation. Water levels used for model calibration and validation ranged from -0.052 to 0.698 meter; salinities ranged from 0.1 to 13.1 parts per thousand; and wind speeds ranged from calm to 22 meters per second. The model was tested for stratified and unstratified conditions. Simulated and observed data were used to evaluate model performance. The calibrated model was applied for selected periods in 1989 and 1991. Instantaneous flows were simulated at each boundary and at mid- estuary. Circulation patterns were characterized using vector plots, particle tracking, and solute transport. Particle tracks showed that materials released at mid-estuary may remain in the system for 25 days or longer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94454","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Robbins, J.C., 1995, Simulation of hydrodynamics and solute transport in the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-454, vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94454.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47285,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0454/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0454/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pamlico River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.29156494140625,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.29156494140625,\n              35.74205383068037\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.124267578125,\n              35.74205383068037\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.124267578125,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.29156494140625,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f230d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18966,"text":"ofr94709W - 1995 - Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T07:48:08","indexId":"ofr94709W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-709","chapter":"W","title":"Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1906, hydrologic data have been collected systematically on streams and lakes in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the SRWMD, and other agencies. Records of stream discharge and stream and lake stage in the SRWMD (fig. 1), collected largely in cooperation with the SRWMD since 1975, have been published for many years in the USGS annual report series \"Water Resources Data for Florida.\"</p><p>Streamflow and stream and lake elevation statistics are given in this report for sites shown in figure 1. All 27 daily streamflow stations shown are (or were) operated by the USGS in cooperation with the SRWMD; all 18 lake stage stations shown are now (1994) operated by the SRWMD, but were operated until the late 1970’s by the USGS in cooperation with the SRWMD. All unregulated stream stations which have three or more years of continuous record are included in this report. All unregulated lake stations having at least three years of intermittent lake elevation readings are also included. There are many other sites in the SRWMD for which shorter records or miscellaneous measurements are available but are not included because statistical summaries for such stations require interpretive analysis beyond the scope of this report.</p><p>Basic hydrologic data have long been recognized as fundamental to the analysis of magnitude and frequency of floods, availability of water supplies, potential for reservoir storage, and permitting of waste discharges. Also, in recent times, scientists and water managers have become more aware of the complex relations between flows and water levels and the terrestrial and aquatic plant and&nbsp;animal life in wetland ecosystems. In 1994, the SRWMD and the USGS began a long-term program of cooperative studies designed to better understand minimum and maximum flow and water levels needed to manage the surface and ground water resources of the District and maintain or improve the various ecosystems therein. Information presented in this report, together with frequency analysis of station data, flow regionalization, studies of the relation of salinity to flow in the lower Suwannee River, definition of ground-water surface-water interactions, surface- and ground-water quality studies, and studies of interaction between surface-water bodies and wetlands, will provide the basis for the SRWMD to establish minimum flow and level requirements for streams and lakes in the SRWMD area.</p><p>This report is a necessary first step in the longterm program of study because it contains basic stream discharge and stream and lake elevation statistics, most of which are not contained in the annual report \"Water Resources Data for Florida.\" These statistics, most of which were generated using a U.S. Geological Survey computer program, ADAPS, Automatic Data Processing System, characterize normal flows and levels and departures from normal due to floods and droughts or seasonal climatic variations. Specifically, the report presents for the period of record of each stream or lake gaging station, as appropriate:</p><ul><li>Minimum, maximum, and mean of monthly mean stream elevations and discharges in graphical and tabular form.</li><li>For streams, annual mean discharge, highest and lowest annual mean discharge, highest and lowest daily mean discharge, minimum annual seven-day mean discharge, instantaneous peak discharge and elevation, instantaneous minimum discharge, and basin yield.</li><li>Duration of annual daily mean stream elevation and discharge. Duration of daily values are shown in both graphical and tabular form.</li><li>Duration of daily mean stream elevations and discharge, by months, in tables.</li><li>Minimum and maximum 1-,3-,7-,14-,30-, 60-,&nbsp;90-,120-, and 183-consecutive day stream elevations and discharges (with rankings) for each year of record.</li><li>Mean monthly lake elevations and statistics by month, including number of monthly values, mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness, and coefficient of variation.</li></ul><p>For convenience, a GLOSSARY of commonly used terms related to the collection and reporting of surface-water elevations and discharge is included before the Introduction section of this report.</p><p>The authors wish to acknowledge Natalie Rackley, formerly of the U.S. Geological Survey, and T.W. Grubbs, U.S. Geological Survey, for their computer assistance in the compilation of station records, and Jim Tomberlin, U.S. Geological Survey, for the mapping of stream and lake gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94709W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M., Giese, G.L., and Mixson, P., 1995, Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-709, viii, 173 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94709W.","productDescription":"viii, 173 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0709w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0709w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Water Management District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              30.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e14a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, M.A.","contributorId":13631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giese, G. L.","contributorId":44898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mixson, P.R.","contributorId":89556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18019,"text":"ofr95363 - 1995 - Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr95363","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-363","title":"Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Flints pond has been subjected to accelerated eutrophication as a result of watershed development (building of new homes and conversion of summer cottages into permanent homes) since the 1930's. Ground-water flow is the primary recharge and discharge mechanism for Flints Pond. The saturated thickness, transmissive properties, and altitude of the water table were determined by use of surface geophysics, test drilling, and aquifer-test data. Information on the geohydrology of the adjacent Flints Pond aquifer can be used in developing a water and nutrient budget for the pond-aquifer system. Ground-penetrating-radar surveys were done over more than 4 miles of the study area and on Flints Pond. Three distinct reflection signatures were commonly identifiable on the radar profiles: (1) thin, relatively flat-lying, continuous reflectors that represent fine-grained lacustrine sediment; (2) subparallel to hummocky and chaotic, coarse-grained reflectors that possibly represent coarse-grained ice-contact deposits or deltaic sediments in a lacustrine environment; and (3) sharply diffracted, fine-grained, chaotic reflectors that represent till and (or) till over bedrock. The saturated thickness of the aquifer exceeds 90 feet in the northern end of the study area and averages 30 to 50 feet in the southern and eastern parts. The saturated thickness of the western part is generally less than 10 feet. Test borings were completed at 19 sites and 13 wells (6 of which were nested pairs) were installed in various lithologic units. A water-table map, constructed from data collected in November 1994, represents average water-table conditions in the aquifer. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities calculated from single-well aquifer test data for stratified drift range from 2.8 to 226 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivities were quantitatively correlated with the reflector signatures produced with ground-penetrating radar so that transmissivities could be inferred for areas where well data were unavailable but where ground- penetrating-radar surveys were done. A saturated- thickness and transmissivity map for the aquifer shows that transmissivities exceeds 3,000 feet squared per day in the southern and east-central parts of the aquifer. Transmissivity ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 feet squared per day in the northern part of the aquifer and is generally less than 1,000 feet squared per day in the western part.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95363","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., and Dorgan, T.H., 1995, Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-363, v, 23 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95363.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0363/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0363/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorgan, Tracy H.","contributorId":10447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorgan","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26188,"text":"wri954087 - 1995 - Transport and sources of sediment in the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and the headwaters of Lake Oahe, North Dakota, May 1988 through April 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:55:12","indexId":"wri954087","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4087","title":"Transport and sources of sediment in the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and the headwaters of Lake Oahe, North Dakota, May 1988 through April 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment data were collected on and along the Missouri River downstream from Garrison Dam during May 1988, May 1989, and April 1991 to characterize sediment transport in the river. Specific study objectives were to (1) identify erosional and depositional reaches during two steady-state low-flow periods and one steady-state high-flow period; (2) determine if the reaches are consistently eroding or depositing, regardless of streamflow; and (3) determine the sources of suspended sediment in the river. </p><p>Erosional and depositional reaches differed between the two low-flow periods, indicating that slight changes in the channel configuration between the two periods caused changes in erosional and depositional patterns. Erosional and depositional reaches also differed between the low-flow periods and the high-flow period, indicating that channel changes and increased streamflow velocities affect erosional and depositional reaches. </p><p>The significant sources of suspended sediment in the Missouri River are the riverbed and riverbanks. The riverbed contributes to the silt and sand load in the river, and the riverbanks contribute to the clay, silt, and sand load. The contribution from tributaries to the suspendedsediment load in the Missouri River usually is small. Occasionally, during low-flow periods on the Missouri River, the Knife River can contribute significantly to the suspended-sediment load in the Missouri River. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954087","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W.R., 1995, Transport and sources of sediment in the Missouri River between Garrison Dam and the headwaters of Lake Oahe, North Dakota, May 1988 through April 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4087, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954087.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54985,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Oahe, Missouri River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, Wayne R. wrberkas@usgs.gov","contributorId":425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"Wayne","email":"wrberkas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}