White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats associated with cutaneous infection by the fungus Geomyces destructans (Gd), and responsible for devastating declines of bat populations in eastern North America. Affected bats appear emaciated and one hypothesis is that they spend too much time out of torpor during hibernation, depleting vital fat reserves required to survive the winter. The fungus has also been found at low levels on bats throughout Europe but without mass mortality. This finding suggests that Gd is either native to both continents but has been rendered more pathogenic in North America by mutation or environmental change, or that it recently arrived in North America as an invader from Europe. Thus, a causal link between Gd and mortality has not been established and the reason for its high pathogenicity in North America is unknown. Here we show that experimental inoculation with either North American or European isolates of Gd causes WNS and mortality in the North American bat, Myotis lucifugus. In contrast to control bats, individuals inoculated with either isolate of Gd developed cutaneous infections diagnostic of WNS, exhibited a progressive increase in the frequency of arousals from torpor during hibernation, and were emaciated after 3–4 mo. Our results demonstrate that altered torpor-arousal cycles underlie mortality from WNS and provide direct evidence that Gd is a novel pathogen to North America from Europe.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1200374109","usgsCitation":"Warnecke, L., Turner, J.M., Bollinger, T., Lorch, J.M., Misra, V., Cryan, P., Wibbelt, G., Blehert, D., and Willis, C.K., 2012, Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 109, no. 18, p. 6999-7003, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200374109.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6999","endPage":"7003","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3344949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508954d8e4b08c2511e770f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnecke, Lisa","contributorId":51166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnecke","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, James M.","contributorId":50419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollinger, Trent K.","contributorId":89024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Trent K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Misra, Vikram","contributorId":52846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Vikram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":99685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wibbelt, Gudrun","contributorId":72640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wibbelt","given":"Gudrun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":1816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willis, Craig K. R.","contributorId":92551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"K. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70188070,"text":"70188070 - 2012 - Generation of a U.S. national urban land use product","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T16:38:09.324287","indexId":"70188070","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of a U.S. national urban land use product","docAbstract":"Characterization of urban land uses is essential for many applications. However, differentiating among thematically-detailed urban land uses (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, etc.) over broad areas is challenging, in part because image-based solutions are not ideal for establishing the contextual basis for identifying economic function and use. At present no current United States national-scale mapping exists for urban land uses similar to the classical Anderson Level II classification. This paper describes a product that maps urban land uses, and is linked to and corresponds with the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. In this product, NLCD urban pixels, in addition to their current imperviousness intensity classification, are assigned one of nine urban use classes based on information drawn from multiple data sources. These sources include detailed infrastructure information, population characteristics, and historical land use. The result is a method for creating a 30 m national-scale grid providing thematically-detailed urban land use information which complements the NLCD. Initial results for 10 major metropolitan areas are provided as an on-line link. Accuracy assessment of initial products yielded an overall accuracy of 81.6 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.78.10.1057","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., and Homer, C.G., 2012, Generation of a U.S. national urban land use product: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 78, no. 10, p. 1057-1068, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.78.10.1057.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1068","ipdsId":"IP-034599","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.78.10.1057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c9e4b092b266f10dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046829,"text":"70046829 - 2012 - Coupling at Mauna Loa and Kīlauea by stress transfer in an asthenospheric melt layer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T15:45:39.077183","indexId":"70046829","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-21T11:34:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling at Mauna Loa and Kīlauea by stress transfer in an asthenospheric melt layer","docAbstract":"The eruptive activity at the neighbouring Hawaiian volcanoes, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, is thought to be linked despite both having separate lithospheric magmatic plumbing systems. Over the past century, activity at the two volcanoes has been anti-correlated, which could reflect a competition for the same magma supply. Yet, during the past decade Kīlauea and Mauna Loa have inflated simultaneously. Linked activity between adjacent volcanoes in general remains controversial. Here we present a numerical model for the dynamical interaction between Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, where both volcanoes are coupled by pore-pressure diffusion, occurring within a common, asthenospheric magma supply system. The model is constrained by measurements of gas emission rates indicative of eruptive activity, and it is calibrated to match geodetic measurements of surface deformation at both volcanoes, inferred to reflect changes in shallow magma storage. Although an increase in the asthenospheric magma supply can cause simultaneous inflation of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, we find that eruptive activity at one volcano may inhibit eruptions of the adjacent volcano, if there is no concurrent increase in magma supply. We conclude that dynamic stress transfer by asthenospheric pore pressure is a viable mechanism for volcano coupling at Hawai‘i, and perhaps for adjacent volcanoes elsewhere.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1612","usgsCitation":"Gonnermann, H.M., Foster, J.H., Poland, M., Wolfe, C.J., Brooks, B.A., and Miklius, A., 2012, Coupling at Mauna Loa and Kīlauea by stress transfer in an asthenospheric melt layer: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 826-829, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1612.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"829","ipdsId":"IP-031796","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea and Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.68701171875,\n 18.750309813140653\n ],\n [\n -154.1162109375,\n 18.750309813140653\n ],\n [\n -154.1162109375,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -156.68701171875,\n 20.46818922264095\n ],\n [\n -156.68701171875,\n 18.750309813140653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e12563e4b02f5cae2b7372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonnermann, Helge M.","contributorId":48465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"Helge","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35613,"text":"Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":480397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, James H.","contributorId":107993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":47044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, Cecily J.","contributorId":29294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":215615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040331,"text":"70040331 - 2012 - Plant allocation of carbon to defense as a function of herbivory, light and nutrient availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040331","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3592,"text":"Theoretical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant allocation of carbon to defense as a function of herbivory, light and nutrient availability","docAbstract":"We use modeling to determine the optimal relative plant carbon allocations between foliage, fine roots, anti-herbivore defense, and reproduction to maximize reproductive output. The model treats these plant components and the herbivore compartment as variables. Herbivory is assumed to be purely folivory. Key external factors include nutrient availability, degree of shading, and intensity of herbivory. Three alternative functional responses are used for herbivory, two of which are variations on donor-dependent herbivore (models 1a and 1b) and one of which is a Lotka–Volterra type of interaction (model 2). All three were modified to include the negative effect of chemical defenses on the herbivore. Analysis showed that, for all three models, two stable equilibria could occur, which differs from most common functional responses when no plant defense component is included. Optimal strategies of carbon allocation were defined as the maximum biomass of reproductive propagules produced per unit time, and found to vary with changes in external factors. Increased intensity of herbivory always led to an increase in the fractional allocation of carbon to defense. Decreases in available limiting nutrient generally led to increasing importance of defense. Decreases in available light had little effect on defense but led to increased allocation to foliage. Decreases in limiting nutrient and available light led to decreases in allocation to reproduction in models 1a and 1b but not model 2. Increases in allocation to plant defense were usually accompanied by shifts in carbon allocation away from fine roots, possibly because higher plant defense reduced the loss of nutrients to herbivory.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12080-011-0135-z","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Ju, S., Liu, R., Bryant, J.P., and Gourley, S.A., 2012, Plant allocation of carbon to defense as a function of herbivory, light and nutrient availability: Theoretical Ecology, v. 5, no. 3, p. 445-456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-011-0135-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"456","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-011-0135-z"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee060e4b022001d87bb8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ju, Shu","contributorId":105844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ju","given":"Shu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Rongsong","contributorId":43480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Rongsong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, John P.","contributorId":39227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gourley, Stephen A.","contributorId":60487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gourley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040389,"text":"70040389 - 2012 - Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T11:19:42","indexId":"70040389","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)","docAbstract":"The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, inhabits fresh, brackish, and warm coastal waters distributed along the eastern border of Central America, the northern coast of South America, and throughout the Wider Caribbean Region. Threatened primarily by human encroachment, poaching, and habitat degradation, Antillean manatees are listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The impact of disease on population viability remains unknown in spite of concerns surrounding the species' ability to rebound from a population crash should an epizootic occur. To gain insight on the baseline health of this subspecies, a total of 191 blood samples were collected opportunistically from wild Antillean manatees in Belize between 1997 and 2009. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were established, and antibody prevalence to eight pathogens with zoonotic potential was determined. Age was found to be a significant factor of variation in mean blood values, whereas sex, capture site, and season contributed less to overall differences in parameter values. Negative antibody titers were reported for all pathogens surveyed except for Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, and L. icterohemorrhagiae, Toxoplasma gondii, and morbillivirus. As part of comprehensive health assessment in manatees from Belize, this study will serve as a benchmark aiding in early disease detection and in the discernment of important epidemiologic patterns in the manatees of this region. Additionally, it will provide some of the initial tools to explore the broader application of manatees as sentinel species of nearshore ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0044517","usgsCitation":"Sulzner, K., Johnson, C.K., Bonde, R.K., Gomez, N.A., Powell, J., Nielsen, K., Luttrell, M.P., Osterhaus, A., and Aguirre, A.A., 2012, Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus): PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 9, 11 p.; e44517, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517.","productDescription":"11 p.; e44517","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474314,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517"}],"volume":"7","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee029e4b022001d87bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulzner, Kathryn","contributorId":107975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulzner","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Christine Kreuder","contributorId":100679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"Kreuder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomez, Nicole Auil","contributorId":40465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"Auil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, James","contributorId":105581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nielsen, Klaus","contributorId":12315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luttrell, M. Page","contributorId":23378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Page","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osterhaus, A.D.M.E.","contributorId":6707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterhaus","given":"A.D.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aguirre, A. Alonso","contributorId":76591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguirre","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alonso","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70040343,"text":"70040343 - 2012 - Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040343","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","docAbstract":"The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","usgsCitation":"Rhyne, A.L., Tlusty, M.F., Schofield, P., Kaufman, L., Morris, J., and Bruckner, A.W., 2012, Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 5, 9 p.; e35808, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808.","productDescription":"9 p.; e35808","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474311,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee079e4b022001d87bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhyne, Andrew L.","contributorId":94910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tlusty, Michael F.","contributorId":95745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tlusty","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufman, Les","contributorId":50031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, James A. Jr.","contributorId":51898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruckner, Andrew W.","contributorId":92912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckner","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040358,"text":"70040358 - 2012 - Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T13:31:14","indexId":"70040358","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal","docAbstract":"Translocation is an important tool for wildlife conservation and biodiversity restoration, but an inefficient one because of the unpredictability of success. Predictors of success such as habitat quality of the release site and number of individuals released have been identified, but the dynamics of successful translocations remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the relationship of individual post-release movements to population establishment. In 2004, Laysan teal Anas laysanensis were reintroduced by translocating 20 wild birds from Laysan Island to Midway Atoll. Twenty-two additional wild founders were brought the next year. We monitored the survival, reproductive success and movements of the 42 translocated individuals and their offspring for 4 years. Additionally, we monitored population size from 2004 to 2010. Unlike most translocations, we did not observe elevated post-release mortality despite flight-feather trimming to prevent immediate dispersal off-island: first year survival was > 90% and survival rates until 2009 were 0.65±0.08 for founding adults. Laysan teal flew between the two main islands of Midway Atoll, and offspring had significantly larger maximum movement distances than founders. We monitored 84 nests and observed a significant, negative relationship of home range size to productivity for founding females. Flightless founders did not show fidelity to their release sites, but had strong fidelity to annual home ranges after attaining flight. Although we observed a component Allee effect on mate-finding, this did not translate into a demographic Allee effect, and generally, the high fitness of founders contributed substantially to successful population establishment. Laysan teal abundance increased linearly until 2009, but showed evidence of population regulation afterwards. The population estimate was 473 (95% confidence interval 439–508) in 2010. On the much larger main Hawaiian Islands, we expect greater post-release movement, a stronger component Allee effect, lower survival and lower reproductive rates because of predation to preclude successful reintroductions of this species to sites without predator management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M., Hatfield, J., Laniawe, L., Vekasy, M., Klavitter, J., Berkowitz, P., Crampton, L., and Walters, J.R., 2012, Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 3, p. 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Laysan Island;Midway Atoll","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df2883e4b0dfbe79e69bc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laniawe, L.P.","contributorId":15420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laniawe","given":"L.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vekasy, M.S.","contributorId":70345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vekasy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klavitter, J.L.","contributorId":8677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klavitter","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berkowitz, P.","contributorId":64501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crampton, L.H.","contributorId":6256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crampton","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70040375,"text":"70040375 - 2012 - The genome of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 harbors atypical genes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:05:00","indexId":"70040375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The genome of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 harbors atypical genes","docAbstract":"The Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV; ChHV5) is believed to be the causative agent of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease of marine turtles. While clinical signs and pathology of FP are well known, research on ChHV5 has been impeded because no cell culture system for its propagation exists. We have cloned a BAC containing ChHV5 in pTARBAC2.1 and determined its nucleotide sequence. Accordingly, ChHV5 has a type D genome and its predominant gene order is typical for the varicellovirus genus within thealphaherpesvirinae. However, at least four genes that are atypical for an alphaherpesvirus genome were also detected, i.e. two members of the C-type lectin-like domain superfamily (F-lec1, F-lec2), an orthologue to the mouse cytomegalovirus M04 (F-M04) and a viral sialyltransferase (F-sial). Four lines of evidence suggest that these atypical genes are truly part of the ChHV5 genome: (1) the pTARBAC insertion interrupted the UL52 ORF, leaving parts of the gene to either side of the insertion and suggesting that an intact molecule had been cloned. (2) Using FP-associated UL52 (F-UL52) as an anchor and the BAC-derived sequences as a means to generate primers, overlapping PCR was performed with tumor-derived DNA as template, which confirmed the presence of the same stretch of “atypical” DNA in independent FP cases. (3) Pyrosequencing of DNA from independent tumors did not reveal previously undetected viral sequences, suggesting that no apparent loss of viral sequence had happened due to the cloning strategy. (4) The simultaneous presence of previously known ChHV5 sequences and F-sial as well as F-M04 sequences was also confirmed in geographically distinct Australian cases of FP. Finally, transcripts of F-sial and F-M04 but not transcripts of lytic viral genes were detected in tumors from Hawaiian FP-cases. Therefore, we suggest that F-sial and F-M04 may play a role in FP pathogenesis
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0046623","usgsCitation":"Ackermann, M., Koriabine, M., Hartmann-Fritsch, F., de Jong, P.J., Lewis, T.D., Schetle, N., Work, T.M., Dagenais, J., Balazs, G.H., and Leong, J.C., 2012, The genome of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 harbors atypical genes: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 10, e46623; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046623.","productDescription":"e46623; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", 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Fabienne","contributorId":84614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann-Fritsch","given":"Fabienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"de Jong, Pieter J.","contributorId":86211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Jong","given":"Pieter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, Teresa D.","contributorId":38407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schetle, Nelli","contributorId":48805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schetle","given":"Nelli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dagenais, Julie 0000-0001-5560-9946 jdagenais@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-9946","contributorId":5955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dagenais","given":"Julie","email":"jdagenais@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":88195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Leong, Jo-Ann C.","contributorId":96135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leong","given":"Jo-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70040378,"text":"70040378 - 2012 - Extinction rates in North American freshwater fishes, 1900-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040378","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extinction rates in North American freshwater fishes, 1900-2010","docAbstract":"Widespread evidence shows that the modern rates of extinction in many plants and animals exceed background rates in the fossil record. In the \npresent article, I investigate this issue with regard to North American freshwater fishes. From 1898 to 2006, 57 taxa became extinct, and three \ndistinct populations were extirpated from the continent. Since 1989, the numbers of extinct North American fishes have increased by 25%. From \nthe end of the nineteenth century to the present, modern extinctions varied by decade but significantly increased after 1950 (post-1950s mean = 7.5 extinct taxa per decade). In the twentieth century, freshwater fishes had the highest extinction rate worldwide among vertebrates. The modern \nextinction rate for North American freshwater fishes is conservatively estimated to be 877 times greater than the background extinction rate for \nfreshwater fishes (one extinction every 3 million years). Reasonable estimates project that future increases in extinctions will range from 53 to 86 \nspecies by 2050.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5","usgsCitation":"Burkhead, N.M., 2012, Extinction rates in North American freshwater fishes, 1900-2010: BioScience, v. 62, no. 9, p. 798-808, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"798","endPage":"808","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474304,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"62","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee019e4b022001d87bb71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, Noel M. nburkhead@usgs.gov","contributorId":3030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"Noel","email":"nburkhead@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040380,"text":"70040380 - 2012 - Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:51:41","indexId":"70040380","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests","docAbstract":"Bird habitat on the island of Tinian, Mariana Islands, has been substantially altered, and only around 5% of the island has native forest today. The modern bird fauna is likely to be a subset of the original avifauna where only species tolerant to native forest loss and human disturbance have survived. Avian surveys were conducted on the island in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current densities and abundances of the remaining species, and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. During the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 11 species. Five of the nine native species and one alien bird have increased since 1982. Three native birds—Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopusroseicapilla), Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), and Tinian Monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)—have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two birds (one native and one alien) were considered relatively stable. Only five birds, including the Tinian Monarch, showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Increased development on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearing and expansion of human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would likely continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded development activities on Tinian would also mean increased cargo movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) to Tinian, which would lead to precipitous decreases and extinctions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","doi":"10.2984/66.3.3","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Amidon, F.A., Marshall, A., and Pratt, T.K., 2012, Bird populations on the Island of Tinian: persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests: Pacific Science, v. 66, no. 3, p. 283-298, https://doi.org/10.2984/66.3.3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023029","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Tinian","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfc5e4b022001d87bb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amidon, Frederick A.","contributorId":33967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amidon","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Ann P.","contributorId":104763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Ann P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040314,"text":"70040314 - 2012 - Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Ecotones represent locations where vegetation change is likely to occur as a result of climate and other environmental changes. Using a model of an ecotone vulnerable to such future changes, we estimated the resilience of the ecotone to disturbances. The specific ecotone is that between two different vegetation types, salinity-tolerant and salinity-intolerant, along a gradient in groundwater salinity. In the case studied, each vegetation type, through soil feedback loops, promoted local soil salinity levels that favor itself in competition with the other type. Bifurcation analysis was used to study the system of equations for the two vegetation types and soil salinity. Alternative stable equilibria, one for salinity-tolerant and one for salinity intolerant vegetation, were shown to exist over a region of the groundwater salinity gradient, bounded by two bifurcation points. This region was shown to depend sensitively on parameters such as the rate of upward infiltration of salinity from groundwater into the soil due to evaporation. We showed also that increasing diffusion rates of vegetation can lead to shrinkage of the range between the two bifurcation points. Sharp ecotones are typical of salt-tolerant vegetation (mangroves) near the coastline and salt-intolerant vegetation inland, even though the underlying elevation and groundwater salinity change very gradually. A disturbance such as an input of salinity to the soil from a storm surge could upset this stable boundary, leading to a regime shift of salinity-tolerant vegetation inland. We showed, however, that, for our model as least, a simple pulse disturbance would not be sufficient; the salinity would have to be held at a high level, as a 'press', for some time. The approach used here should be generalizable to study the resilience of a variety of ecotones to disturbances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Gao, D., and DeAngelis, D., 2012, Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee099e4b022001d87bba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gao, Daozhou","contributorId":31637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Daozhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040345,"text":"70040345 - 2012 - A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040345","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","docAbstract":"1. Occupancy estimation is a commonly used tool in ecological studies owing to the ease at which data can be collected and the large spatial extent that can be covered. One major obstacle to using an occupancy-based approach is the complications associated with designing and implementing an efficient survey. These logistical challenges become magnified when working with rare species when effort can be wasted in areas with none or very few individuals. 2. Here, we develop a two-phase sampling approach that mitigates these problems by using a design that places more effort in areas with higher predicted probability of occurrence. We compare our new sampling design to traditional single-season occupancy estimation under a range of conditions and population characteristics. We develop an intuitive measure of predictive error to compare the two approaches and use simulations to assess the relative accuracy of each approach. 3. Our two-phase approach exhibited lower predictive error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach in highly spatially correlated environments. The difference was greatest when detection probability was high (0·75) regardless of the habitat or sample size. When the true occupancy rate was below 0·4 (0·05-0·4), we found that allocating 25% of the sample to the first phase resulted in the lowest error rates. 4. In the majority of scenarios, the two-phase approach showed lower error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach suggesting our new approach is fairly robust to a broad range of conditions and design factors and merits use under a wide variety of settings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Conservation and management of rare species are a challenging task facing natural resource managers. It is critical for studies involving rare species to efficiently allocate effort and resources as they are usually of a finite nature. We believe our approach provides a framework for optimal allocation of effort while maximizing the information content of the data in an attempt to provide the highest conservation value per unit of effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x","usgsCitation":"Pacifici, K., Dorazio, R.M., and Dorazio, M.J., 2012, A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 4, p. 721-730, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474315,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00201.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf98e4b022001d87bb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pacifici, Krishna","contributorId":26564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacifici","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Michael J.","contributorId":73052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157551,"text":"70157551 - 2012 - Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:07:25","indexId":"70157551","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","docAbstract":"Soil cores provide valuable data on historical changes in vegetation and hydrologic conditions. Empirical models were developed to quantify the effect of meteorological and hydrologic forcing on plant species distributions over a 110-year period in Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1) in the Florida Everglades, also known as the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Empirical models that predict plant species distributions at sites within WCA1 were developed by linking temporally sparse seed bank data from soil cores with continuous multi-decadal daily meteorological and hydrologic time series data. The meteorological data included rainfall and maximum daily temperatures that spanned the entire study period of 110 years. The hydrologic data included stage data from two gages in WCA1 established in 1954. These stage data were hindcasted to be concurrent with the meteorological data by using correlation models that fit measured stages as a function of the meteorological parameters. The historical plant species data came from seven peat cores from WCA1. Different depths from each core were carbon-dated and assayed for relative percentages of 83 plant species using pollen counts. The oldest dates were more than 1,000 years old; however, only core data that overlapped the study period were used, for a total of 67 assays among the seven cores. Twenty-three of the species had ratios of at least 5 percent for one or more of the 67 assays, hereafter referred to as the \"top23\". Using the assays as input vectors, the top23 were grouped using the k-means clustering into four plant classes that represented the extent to which the various species have historically appeared together. This reduced the modeling problem to one of predicting the relative ratios of the four plant classes from the hindcasted stage time-series data. A separate empirical model was developed for each class using a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, which provides multivariate, nonlinear curve fitting. The models predicted the relative ratios of the classes, and the sums of the predictions are near 1. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the models varied from 0.87 to 0.96, indicating that the relative ratios of the plant classes are predictable, and therefore controllable, from stage forcing. Similar soil cores are available for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and are planned for the Congaree National Park in South Carolina.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11 2012","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., and Bernhardt, C., 2012, Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data, in Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 10-11 2012, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Arthur R. 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Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher","contributorId":148001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038496,"text":"70038496 - 2012 - Digging behaviors of radio-tagged black-footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 1981-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70038496","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digging behaviors of radio-tagged black-footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 1981-1984","docAbstract":"Intensive radio-tracking during August–December enabled us to collect detailed information on digging behaviors of a small sample of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) occupying colonies of white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus). A sample of 33 prairie dogs, also radio-tagged, progressively ceased aboveground activity during late summer and fall, presumably as they descended into burrows to hibernate. Most of the time ferrets spent digging was in November–December when >95% of the radio-tagged prairie dogs were inactive, suggesting that digging was primarily to excavate hibernating prey. Although 43.9% of the burrow openings were estimated to be in large mounds, which are common on colonies of white-tailed prairie dogs, all of a sample of 17 deposits of soil (diggings) made by ferrets were excavated at small mounds or nonmounded openings. The average duration of 23 nocturnal sessions of digging by ferrets was 112.2 minutes. A digging session consisted of multiple bouts of soil movement typically lasting about 5 min, and sessions were separated by pauses above- or belowground lasting several minutes. Bouts of moving soil from a burrow involved round-trips of 12.5–30.3 s to remove an average of 35 cm3 of soil per trip. These digging bouts are energetically costly for ferrets. One female moved 16.8 kg of soil an estimated 3.3 m during bouts having a cumulative duration of 178 minutes, removing a soil plug estimated to be 178 cm long. Increasing evidence suggests that some behaviors of ferrets and prairie dogs are coevolutionary responses between this highly specialized predator and its prairie dog prey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0204","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Hanebury, L., and Fagerstone, K.A., 2012, Digging behaviors of radio-tagged black-footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 1981-1984: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 148-157, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0204.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488013,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0204"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Meeteetse","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788ce2e4b0cfc2d59f5a58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanebury, Louis R.","contributorId":105580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"Louis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagerstone, Kathleen A.","contributorId":86619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagerstone","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040201,"text":"70040201 - 2012 - Arthropod prey for riparian associated birds in headwater forests of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"70040201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arthropod prey for riparian associated birds in headwater forests of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Headwater riparian areas occupy a large proportion of the land base in Pacific Northwest forests, and thus are ecologically and economically important. Although a primary goal of management along small headwater streams is the protection of aquatic resources, streamside habitat also is important for many terrestrial wildlife species. However, mechanisms underlying the riparian associations of some terrestrial species have not been well studied, particularly for headwater drainages. We investigated the diets of and food availability for four bird species associated with riparian habitats in montane coastal forests of western Oregon, USA. We examined variation in the availability of arthropod prey as a function of distance from stream. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (1) emergent aquatic insects were a food source for insectivorous birds in headwater riparian areas, and (2) the abundances of aquatic and terrestrial arthropod prey did not differ between streamside and upland areas during the bird breeding season. We found that although adult aquatic insects were available for consumption throughout the study period, they represented a relatively small proportion of available prey abundance and biomass and were present in only 1% of the diet samples from only one of the four riparian-associated bird species. Nonetheless, arthropod prey, comprised primarily of insects of terrestrial origin, was more abundant in streamside than upland samples. We conclude that food resources for birds in headwater riparian areas are primarily associated with terrestrial vegetation, and that bird distributions along the gradient from streamside to upland may be related to variation in arthropod prey availability. Because distinct vegetation may distinguish riparian from upland habitats for riparian-associated birds and their terrestrial arthropod prey, we suggest that understory communities be considered when defining management zones for riparian habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.026","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J.C., Li, J., Sobota, J., and Jenkins, S., 2012, Arthropod prey for riparian associated birds in headwater forests of the Oregon Coast Range: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 285, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.026.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.026","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d83d88e4b0064e695a0809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Judith","contributorId":74622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sobota, Janel","contributorId":102734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobota","given":"Janel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Stephanie","contributorId":7553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040183,"text":"70040183 - 2012 - Temperature-dependent growth of Geomyces destructans, the fungus that causes bat white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:21:40","indexId":"70040183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature-dependent growth of Geomyces destructans, the fungus that causes bat white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emergent disease estimated to have killed over five million North American bats. Caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans, WNS specifically affects bats during hibernation. We describe temperature-dependent growth performance and morphology for six independent isolates of G. destructans from North America and Europe. Thermal performance curves for all isolates displayed an intermediate peak with rapid decline in performance above the peak. Optimal temperatures for growth were between 12.5 and 15.8°C, and the upper critical temperature for growth was between 19.0 and 19.8°C. Growth rates varied across isolates, irrespective of geographic origin, and above 12°C all isolates displayed atypical morphology that may have implications for proliferation of the fungus. This study demonstrates that small variations in temperature, consistent with those inherent of bat hibernacula, affect growth performance and physiology of G. destructans, which may influence temperature-dependent progression and severity of WNS in wild bats.
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and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:41:40.146832","indexId":"70043964","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Effect of developmental stage of unfed fry on survival and growth of steelhead released in a stream and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996)","docAbstract":"We tested whether differences in developmental stage of unfed fry at release affected subsequent survival and growth of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in a stream and hatchery ponds. Differences in development were created by artificially spawning hatchery steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho, and incubating their progeny at three different temperatures (means=10.9, 11.3, and 11.7°C). Time between fertilization and maximum alevin wet weight (MAWW) was predicted from incubation temperature using a model. MAWW is equivalent to the button - up fry stage of development. Developmental stages at release were “underdeveloped” (97.7% of model - predicted time to MAWW, mean weight=0.177 g, proportion yolk=0.087), “intermediate” (102.5%, 0.179 g, 0.044), and “overdeveloped” (107.9%, 0.156 g, 0.030). Neither survival nor growth in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period differed among groups. In the stream, frequency of overdeveloped fish relative to the other two groups decreased fro m release in May to September, probably indicating lower survival for the overdeveloped fish during that interval since emigration of sub - yearlings is typically negligible. Length in September was less for overdeveloped than for intermediate fish and was in between for underdeveloped fish, suggesting that growth between May and September was less for overdeveloped fish than for intermediate fish. Although changes in relative frequency and size occurred among fry development groups from September to one ye ar later, those changes may have reflected differences in emigration rate during the interval rather than differential survival or growth. Our results show a cost to survival and growth in a stream, but not in a hatchery, from overdevelopment characterize d by loss of weight and yolk reserves relative to fry closer to MAWW at release. We didn’t find any cost from underdevelopment; however, our underdeveloped fry were closer to MAWW than the overdeveloped fry, and they may have been no farther from MAWW than the intermediate fry based on percentage of model - predicted time to MAWW at release.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L.A., and Stenberg, K.D., 2012, Effect of developmental stage of unfed fry on survival and growth of steelhead released in a stream and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996), chap. 6 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 202-210.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026896","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","city":"Ahsahka","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Palouse River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.49573342735796\n ],\n [\n -116.31723403930664,\n 46.49573342735796\n ],\n [\n -116.31723403930664,\n 46.51133004806836\n ],\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.51133004806836\n ],\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.49573342735796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -117.14996337890625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -117.14996337890625,\n 47.2288945564232\n ],\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 47.2288945564232\n ],\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 46.68336307047754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d30e4b0b13d391b447c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628738,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628740,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628741,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043946,"text":"70043946 - 2012 - Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:25:47.834681","indexId":"70043946","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"We tested whether varying incubation temperatures to match development between embryos from different spawning dates affected survival and growth of unfed steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fry released in a stream and in hatchery ponds. Hatchery steelhead returning to the Clearwater River, Idaho were artificially spawned on two dates separated by a four week interval. Progeny from the early date (ExE, from early males and early females) were incubated in chilled (7°C) water and those from the late date (LxL) in ambient (12°C) water until developmental stage matched. A third group, created by fertilizing eggs from late females with cryopreserved milt from early males (ExL), was included to control for any genetic differences between early and late returning adults. Survival in the stream to 3 and 15 months after release was similar among crosses. Survival in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period was similar among crosses for one of two year - classes but different for the other; however, it was difficult to ascribe the differences (ExL>ExE; LxL intermediate but closer to ExE) to incubation temperature differences. We conclude that there was little if any effect of incubation temperature on survival. Length of juveniles of one year - class differed among crosses in the stream and in the hatchery. Length of the other year - class differed among crosses in one pond at the hatchery but not in the other pond or in the stream. When length differed the pattern was always the same: ExE>LxL; ExL intermediate but closer to LxL. We speculate that incubation temperature may have affected growth of juveniles, and in particular that a longer period of incubation in chilled water may have caused fast juvenile growth relative to a shorter incubation period in ambient water.
\nThis study was initiated in the early 1990s to provide managers with data comparing genetic fitness for natural rearing, as measured by survival of juveniles in freshwater, between steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho. We artificially spawned hatchery steelhead and wild steelhead from the Selway River, a Clearwater River tributary, released the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) as unfed fry in a second order tributary of the South Fork Clearwater River, and monitored fish residing in the stream or emigrating from it for five years. Barrier falls prevented access to the stream by naturally produced steelhead. Over 90% of the emigrants were one or two years of age and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 103 mm). Per fry released, the HxH cross produced 0.64-0.83 times as many emigrants as the WxW cross (P<0.05). The HxH cross produced 0.63 times as many age-4 residuals as the WxW cross for one year-class (P=0.051) and 0.68 times as many for the other (ns). Survival from age-1 to age-4 was lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of one year-class (P<0.05) and survival from age-2 to age-4 may have been lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of the other (P=0.062). Collectively, these results indicate lower survival for HxH than for WxW fish. Size was often greater for HxH than for WxW fish indicating faster growth for the former, and condition factor was also usually greater for HxH than for WxW fish. Dispersal of fry from release sites and emigration of one- and two-year olds from the study stream were greater for WxW than for HxH fish, and apparently neither was from competitive displacement of small by larger fish. Incidence of flowing milt was higher for HxH than for WxW fish at age-2. Peak incidence of flowing milt for older residuals was similar among crosses (about 50%), but the peak occurred at greater size and age for WxW than for HxH residuals. HxW fish were intermediate between HxH and WxW fish, not similar to HxH fish, in survival, growth, condition, dispersal, and maturation, so differences among crosses likely resulted from additive genetic differences between the hatchery and wild populations rather than from maternal differences between hatchery and wild females. During our study, local managers decided against supplementing most wild steelhead populations in the Clearwater basin. Our study indicates that supplementing with Dworshak Hatchery fish is likely to reduce the fitness of wild populations through interbreeding and therefore supports that decision.
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bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leonetti, Frank Frank","contributorId":119970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonetti","given":"Frank","suffix":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slatton, Stacey L.","contributorId":169151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043950,"text":"70043950 - 2012 - Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T14:50:41.888721","indexId":"70043950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"Various studies suggest that sea ranching of anadromous salmonids can result in domestication (increased fitness in the hatchery program) and a loss of fitness for natural production; however, the mechanism has not been characterized adequately. We artificially spawned hatchery and wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Clearwater River, Idaho, reared the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) in hatcheries, and tested for differences in survival, growth, early maturation, downstream migration, and adult returns. Rearing treatments were mixed (crosses reared together) and separate (crosses reared separately from each other) at the hatchery of origin for the hatchery population where smolts are produced in one year, and at a nearby hatchery employing lower rations, lower winter temperatures, and two years of rearing to more closely mimic the natural life history (natural smolt age = 2-4 years). The hatchery population had been artificially propagated for six generations at the onset of our study. We found little or no difference in survival in the hatchery but substantially higher rates of growth and subsequent downstream migration for HxH than for WxW fish. Faster growth for HxH fish resulted in greater size at release which contributed to their higher migration rate, but other as yet uncharacterized traits also affected migration since the migration difference between crosses was apparent even within size classes. Growth of WxW fish was slower in the mixed than in the separate treatment indicating that WxW fish were competitively inferior to HxH fish in the hatchery environment. Incidence of precocious males was higher for WxW than for HxH fish in the separate but not in the mixed treatment. Incidence of HxH precocious males was similar between treatments. Apparently, the presence of HxH fish suppressed high incidence of early maturation by WxW males. A direct effect beyond the suppression of WxW growth by HxH fish was involved because the effect persisted within size categories. In-hatchery survival and growth of WxW relative to HxH fish may have been better with two-year rearing than in the standard one-year program (differences were consistent but small and non-significant); however, performance remained substantially worse for progeny of wild fish. Greater downstream migration for HxH than for WxW fish was primarily due to greater residualization for WxW than for HxH fish near the smolt release site rather than to immediate differential mortality. By August the residuals had lost condition compared to their condition in the hatchery the previous March, a month before release, and the residuals produced almost no smolts the following spring. Adult return rate was higher for HxH than for WxW fish for one year-class, consistent with the difference in downstream migration; only three adults (all WxW) returned from the other. Intermediate performance by HxW fish on growth, early maturation, downstream migration, and adult returns corroborated the genetic basis of the stock differences. Natural selection after release from the hatchery favored fish that performed well in the hatchery (grew fast, didn’t mature early, and excelled in other as yet uncharacterized traits) and genetically changed (domesticated) the wild population to resemble the hatchery population.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Hensleigh, J.E., Wetzel, L.A., and Baker, B.M., 2012, Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995), chap. 2 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 80-124.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-029632","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -115.2740478515625,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -115.2740478515625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d34e4b0b13d391b4495","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628704,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":517000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hensleigh, Jay E.","contributorId":118799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baker, Bruce M. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043945,"text":"70043945 - 2012 - Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:01:37.181412","indexId":"70043945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993)","docAbstract":"Freshwater survival in hatchery and natural rearing environments was compared between progeny of hatchery (H) and wild (W) steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Clearwater River drainage in Idaho. Adults from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild adults from Fish Creek fish were artificially spawned, and their progeny were genetically marked at the PEPA allozyme locus and released together as unfed fry in production facilities at the hatchery and in Brushy Fork Creek, also in the Clearwater River drainage, in a common garden design. Survival was higher for H than for W progeny at the hatchery but lower for H than for W progeny in Brushy Fork, indicating reduced fitness of the hatchery population for natural rearing and suggesting domestication as the cause. Survival at the hatchery was lower than is typical due to disease outbreaks. Survival of the first year-class of experimental fish to smolt release was only 18%. Survival of H fish was 3.8 times that of W fish under these poor survival conditions. All fish from the second year-class died halfway through the scheduled 10 month rearing period. Survival of H fish was 5.2 times that of W fish to when 1% of the initial fry were still alive indicating that W fish succumbed to the epizootic sooner than did H fish. Emigrants from the Brushy Fork study reach were sampled for three years and fish residing in the study reach were sampled for six years following fry release. Most emigrants were one or two years old and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 93 mm). Survival in Brushy Fork was lower for H than for W fish of the first year-class. Survival of the second year-class was higher for H than for W fish during the first two months in the stream but was lower for H than for W fish thereafter, and net survival from release to ages 3 and older was also lower for H than for W fish if our emigrant samples were representative (periods of inoperative emigrant traps prevented certainty about this). Differences between progeny groups were also found for growth (H>W) and condition (H>W) in the hatchery and downstream migration success of hatchery-reared fish after release (H>W), and for growth (H<W for one year-class; H>W for the other), condition (H>W), downstream dispersal (H>W for one year-class; H=W for the other), and maturation of residuals (ovaries weight was greater for H than for W females at ages 4 and 5; testes weight was less for H than for W age-3 males of one year-class) in Brushy Fork. A thunderstorm-induced power outage interrupted flow to the incubation trays at the hatchery and compromised a major tenet of the common garden design for the second year-class, possibly contributing to the inconsistency in relative survivals in Brushy Fork between year-classes. The storm caused the incubation environment to differ between the stocks as a result of reduced oxygen levels and substantially higher densities for H alevins. This difference was illustrated by a 55% loss for H fish during the event, about twice that for W fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L., Hensleigh, J.E., Leonetti, F., Baker, B.M., Slatton, S.L., and Stenberg, K.D., 2012, Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993), chap. 1 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 17-79.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030564","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Brushy Fork Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -114.44183349609375,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -114.44183349609375,\n 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Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Slatton, Stacey L.","contributorId":169151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":814540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70040106,"text":"70040106 - 2012 - Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-09T17:16:16","indexId":"70040106","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions","docAbstract":"Understanding the sources and processes that control groundwater compositions and the timing and magnitude of groundwater vulnerability to potential surface-water contamination under varying meteorologic conditions is critical to informing groundwater protection policies and practices. This is especially true in karst terrains, where infiltrating surface water can rapidly affect groundwater quality. We analyzed the evolution of groundwater compositions (major ions and Sr isotopes) during the transition from extreme drought to wetconditions, and used inverse geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) to constrain controls on groundwater compositions during this evolution. Spring water and groundwater from two wells dominantly receiving diffuse and conduit flow (termed diffuse site and conduit site, respectively) in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer (central Texas, USA) and surface water from losing streams that recharge the aquifer were sampled every 3–4 weeks during November 2008–March 2010. During this period, water compositions at the spring and conduit sites changed rapidly but there was no change at the diffuse site, illustrating the dual nature (i.e., diffuse vs. conduit) of flow in this karst system. Geochemical modeling demonstrated that, within a month of the onset of wetconditions, the majority of spring water and groundwater at the conduit site was composed of surface water, providing quantitative information on the timing and magnitude of the vulnerability of groundwater to potential surface-water contamination. The temporal pattern of increasing spring discharge and changing pattern of covariation between spring discharge and surface-water (steam) recharge indicates that that there were two modes of aquifer response—one with a small amount of storage and a second that accommodates more storage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.030","usgsCitation":"Wong, C., Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., and Banner, J., 2012, Changes in sources and storage in a karst aquifer during a transition from drought to wet conditions: Journal of Hydrology, v. 468-469, p. 159-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.030.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"468-469","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250ce4b053bff18e1be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, C.I.","contributorId":98574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, M.","contributorId":78933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banner, J.L.","contributorId":95683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040063,"text":"70040063 - 2012 - Using integrated research and interdisciplinary science: Potential benefits and challenges to managers of parks and protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:45:57","indexId":"70040063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using integrated research and interdisciplinary science: Potential benefits and challenges to managers of parks and protected areas","docAbstract":"Our purpose in this paper is to build a case for utilizing interdisciplinary science to enhance the management of parks and protected areas. We suggest that interdisciplinary science is necessary for dealing with the complex issues of contemporary resource management, and that using the best available integrated scientific information be embraced and supported at all levels of agencies that manage parks and protected areas. It will take the commitment of park managers, scientists, and agency leaders to achieve the goal of implementing the results of interdisciplinary science into park management. Although such calls go back at least several decades, today interdisciplinary science is sporadically being promoted as necessary for supporting effective protected area management(e.g., Machlis et al. 1981; Kelleher and Kenchington 1991). Despite this history, rarely has \"interdisciplinary science\" been defined, its importance explained, or guidance provided on how to translate and then implement the associated research results into management actions (Tress et al. 2006; Margles et al. 2010). With the extremely complex issues that now confront protected areas (e.g., climate change influences, extinctions and loss of biodiversity, human and wildlife demographic changes, and unprecedented human population growth) information from more than one scientific discipline will need to be brought to bear in order to achieve sustained management solutions that resonate with stakeholders (Ostrom 2009). Although interdisciplinary science is not the solution to all problems, we argue that interdisciplinary research is an evolving and widely supported best practice. In the case of park and protected area management, interdisciplinary science is being driven by the increasing recognition of the complexity and interconnectedness of human and natural systems, and the notion that addressing many problems can be more rapidly advanced through interdisciplinary study and analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The George Wright Forum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Powell, R.B., Machlis, G., van Wagtendonk, J., van Riper, C.J., von Ruschkowski, E., Schwarzbach, S.E., and Galipeau, R.E., 2012, Using integrated research and interdisciplinary science: Potential benefits and challenges to managers of parks and protected areas: The George Wright Forum, v. 29, no. 2, p. 216-226.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/7397","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50662516e4b053bff18e1c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Robert B.","contributorId":71428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machlis, Gary","contributorId":65318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machlis","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Jan W. 0000-0002-0788-2654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-2654","contributorId":98269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Riper, Carena J.","contributorId":42827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Riper","given":"Carena","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"von Ruschkowski, Eick","contributorId":25025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Ruschkowski","given":"Eick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven E. steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","email":"steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Galipeau, Russell E.","contributorId":93314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galipeau","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}