A water, energy, and biogeochemical model (WEBMOD) was constructed to simulate hydrology and pyrite oxidation for the period October 1992 through September 1997. The hydrologic model simulates processes in Loch Vale, a 6.6-km² granitic watershed that drains the east side of the Continental Divide. Parameters describing pyrite oxidation were derived sulfate concentrations measured in pore water and stream water in Handcart Gulch, a naturally acidic watershed in the Colorado Mineral Belt. Average monthly differences in precipitation and temperature between current and future climates, as predicted by using six global circulation models and three carbondioxide emission scenarios, were input into WEBMOD to identify possible shifts in the quantity and quality of the water flowing from the watershed for the period 2005 through 2100. Initial results suggest that increased air temperatures will result in earlier snowmelt compared to current conditions. Average sulfate concentrations and acidity in streams draining hydrothermally altered terrain may decrease as water tables rise in response to greater overall precipitation and earlier snowmelt, although a net increase of sulfate load was simulated as a result of greater overall discharge. Evapotranspiration is expected to increase but not enough to offset the increase in precipitation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"The Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 26-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Mast, M.A., Manning, A.H., Clow, D.W., and Campbell, D.H., 2011, Potential climate change effects on water tables and pyrite oxidation in headwater catchments in Colorado, in Observing, studying, and managing for change - Proceedings of the Fourth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5169, Fairbanks, AK, September 26-30, 2011, p. 23-33.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032633","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/SIR11-5169_508_Session-1B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":321311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5169/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Handcart Gulch, Loch Vale","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -105.0677490234375,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -105.0677490234375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65fde4b07e28b6684a21","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Medley, C. 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The kestrel was captured on 9 March 2006, at 08:45, approximately 0.25 km south of the intersection of Wiest and Lindsey roads (33° 08' 42' N, 115° 26' 59' W) and 6 km east-northeast of Calipatria. It was caught on a bal-chatri trap baited with a domestic mouse (Berger and Mueller 1959), as were all the 208 kestrels captured during this study. The bird was initially perched on a high transmission line running along Wiest Road and was caught within 10 minutes of our setting the trap. In examining the bird, we observed that the maxilla beyond the cere was missing. The upper bill structure from the palatine process, which included part of the maxilla, the entire premaxilla, and the external rhamphotheca (the hardened keratin layer cover ing the premaxilla) was missing rostral to the bird's cere and nares (Threlfall 1968, Lucas and Stettenheim 1972, Proctor and Lynch 1993). The epidermal layer of the cere appeared to have fused over the remaining area between the nares where the upper bill normally would have been. The deformation did not appear to be recent or related to our trapping, as there were no obvious abrasions or open wounds in the region surrounding the nares and oropharynx or signs of recent trauma surrounding the oropharynx area. Both nares were clearly defined, and the tongue protruded from the open oropharynx area. After completing the physical examination, measurements, and obtaining a blood sample for testing for West Nile virus, we released the kestrel at the location of capture. After its release, we monitored the kestrel's behavior for approximately 30 minutes but did not observe any additional hunting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Iko, W.M., and Dusek, R., 2011, Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California: Western Birds, v. 42, no. 4, p. 251-254.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d82e4b08c986b318452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iko, William M. ikob@usgs.gov","contributorId":2289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iko","given":"William","email":"ikob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037739,"text":"70037739 - 2011 - Notes on the distribution of eastern woodrats and hispid cotton rats in south-central Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:49:48","indexId":"70037739","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the distribution of eastern woodrats and hispid cotton rats in south-central Nebraska","docAbstract":"The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) and hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) reach distributional limits in southern Nebraska (Jones 1964, Farney 1975). In the last half century, both species have expanded their distributional ranges in the region (Kugler and Geluso 2009, Wright et al. 2010). Herein, we report new localities of occurrence for both species that extend known distributional boundaries in south-central Nebraska beyond those reported by Kugler and Geluso (2009) and Wright et al. (2010).","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Wills, H., Geluso, K., Smits, E., Springer, J., and Newton, W., 2011, Notes on the distribution of eastern woodrats and hispid cotton rats in south-central Nebraska: Prairie Naturalist, v. 43, no. 3/4, p. 127-129.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"43","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6885e4b0c8380cd73868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wills, H.D.","contributorId":44028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geluso, Keith","contributorId":94637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geluso","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smits, E.J.","contributorId":39225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smits","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Springer, J.T.","contributorId":73869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, W.E.","contributorId":13567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003947,"text":"70003947 - 2011 - Nesting success and resource selection of greater sage grouse in South Dakota: Chapter 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:29:33","indexId":"70003947","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:43:37","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3490,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology; Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Grouse","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting success and resource selection of greater sage grouse in South Dakota: Chapter 8","docAbstract":"Declines of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in South Dakota are a concern because further population declines may lead to isolation from populations in Wyoming and Montana. Furthermore, little information exists about reproductive ecology and resource selection of sage grouse on the eastern edge of their distribution. We investigated Greater Sage-Grouse nesting success and resource selection in South Dakota during 2006-2007. Radiomarked females were tracked to estimate nesting rates, nest success, and habitat resources selected for nesting. Nest initiation was 98.0%, with a maximum likelihood estimate of nest success of 45.6 ± 5.3%. Females selected nest sites that had greater sagebrush canopy cover and visual obstruction of the nest bowl compared to random sites. Nest survival models indicated that taller grass surrounding nests increased nest survival. Tall grass may supplement the low sagebrush cover in this area in providing suitable nest sites for Greater Sage-Grouse. Land managers on the eastern edge of Greater Sage-Grouse range could focus on increasing sagebrush density while maintaining tall grass by developing range management practices that accomplish this goal. To achieve nest survival rates similar to other populations, predictions from our models suggest 26 cm grass height would result in approximately 50% nest survival. Optimal conditions could be accomplished by adjusting livestock grazing systems and stocking rates.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Kaczor, N., Jensen, K.C., Klaver, R.W., Rumble, M.A., Herman-Brunson, K.M., and Swanson, C., 2011, Nesting success and resource selection of greater sage grouse in South Dakota: Chapter 8: Studies in Avian Biology; Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Grouse, v. 39, p. 107-118.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257326,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39755","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64d9e4b0c8380cd72a7f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sandercock, Brett K.","contributorId":95816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandercock","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Kathy","contributorId":13478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742747,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segelbacher, Gernot","contributorId":206584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segelbacher","given":"Gernot","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37345,"text":"University of Freiburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742748,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kaczor, Nicholas W.","contributorId":43217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczor","given":"Nicholas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rumble, Mark A.","contributorId":84615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumble","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herman-Brunson, Katie M.","contributorId":66109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman-Brunson","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, Christopher C.","contributorId":58505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Christopher C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003958,"text":"70003958 - 2011 - Timing of seasonal migration in mule deer: effects of climate, plant phenology, and life-history characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-08T17:03:14","indexId":"70003958","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:03:36","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of seasonal migration in mule deer: effects of climate, plant phenology, and life-history characteristics","docAbstract":"Phenological events of plants and animals are sensitive to climatic processes. Migration is a life-history event exhibited by most large herbivores living in seasonal environments, and is thought to occur in response to dynamics of forage and weather. Decisions regarding when to migrate, however, may be affected by differences in life-history characteristics of individuals. Long-term and intensive study of a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, allowed us to document patterns of migration during 11 years that encompassed a wide array of environmental conditions. We used two new techniques to properly account for interval-censored data and disentangle effects of broad-scale climate, local weather patterns, and plant phenology on seasonal patterns of migration, while incorporating effects of individual life-history characteristics. Timing of autumn migration varied substantially among individual deer, but was associated with the severity of winter weather, and in particular, snow depth and cold temperatures. Migratory responses to winter weather, however, were affected by age, nutritional condition, and summer residency of individual females. Old females and those in good nutritional condition risked encountering severe weather by delaying autumn migration, and were thus risk-prone with respect to the potential loss of foraging opportunities in deep snow compared with young females and those in poor nutritional condition. Females that summered on the west side of the crest of the Sierra Nevada delayed autumn migration relative to east-side females, which supports the influence of the local environment on timing of migration. In contrast, timing of spring migration was unrelated to individual life-history characteristics, was nearly twice as synchronous as autumn migration, differed among years, was related to the southern oscillation index, and was influenced by absolute snow depth and advancing phenology of plants. Plasticity in timing of migration in response to climatic conditions and plant phenology may be an adaptive behavioral strategy, which should reduce the detrimental effects of trophic mismatches between resources and other life-history events of large herbivores. Failure to consider effects of nutrition and other life-history traits may cloud interpretation of phenological patterns of mammals and conceal relationships associated with climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES10-00096.1","usgsCitation":"Monteith, K.L., Bleich, V.C., Stephenson, T.R., Pierce, B.M., Conner, M.M., Klaver, R.W., and Bowyer, R., 2011, Timing of seasonal migration in mule deer: effects of climate, plant phenology, and life-history characteristics: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 4, 34 p.; art47, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00096.1.","productDescription":"34 p.; art47","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474803,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es10-00096.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00096.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3f5e4b08c986b3260c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bleich, Vernon C.","contributorId":10293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleich","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, Thomas R.","contributorId":64114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierce, Beck M.","contributorId":87038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Beck","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conner, Mary M.","contributorId":95342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowyer, R. 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The date of publication is found to be 1861, rather than 1863. Only one of the three original cotypes exists, and it is designated as the lectotype of the species. Another cotype is found to have been destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire. The third is lost. The lectotype is genetically confirmed to be from California, and not Arizona, USA as sometimes reported. Maternally, the holotype of G. lepidocephalus Ottley et Velázques Solis, 1989 from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico is also from the Mojavian population of the desert tortoise, and not from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico as previously proposed. A suite of characters serve to diagnose tortoises west and north of the Colorado River, the Mojavian population, from those east and south of the river in Arizona, USA and Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sonoran population. Species recognition is warranted and because G. lepidocephalus is from the Mojavian population no names are available for the Sonoran species. Thus, a new species, Gopherus morafkai sp. n., is named and this action reduces the distribution of G. agassizii to only 30% of its former range. This reduction has important implications for the conservation and protection of G. agassizii, which may deserve a higher level of protection.","language":"English","publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","publisherLocation":"Sofia, Bulgaria","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.113.1353","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Berry, K., Edwards, T., Leviton, A.E., Lathrop, A., and Riedle, J., 2011, The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation: ZooKeys, v. 113, p. 39-71, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.113.1353.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.113.1353","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico. United States","state":"Arizona, Baja California Sur, California, Sinaloa, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 22.857194700969636\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 23.140359987886118\n ],\n [\n -107.20458984375,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -108.80859375,\n 27.508271413876017\n ],\n [\n -108.83056640625,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 31.409912194070973\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 37.35269280367274\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 32.82421110161336\n ],\n [\n -115.99365234375,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 28.43971381702788\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 26.70635985763354\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -112.19238281249999,\n 24.587090339209634\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 22.735656852206496\n ],\n [\n -109.27001953125,\n 23.241346102386135\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 24.666986385216273\n ],\n [\n -110.80810546875,\n 25.383735254706867\n ],\n [\n -112.34619140625,\n 27.702983735525862\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -113.6865234375,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -112.87353515625,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -112.4560546875,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 28.323724553546015\n ],\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 27.078691552927534\n ],\n [\n -109.51171875,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -109.4677734375,\n 25.740529092773226\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 24.906367237907997\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 22.857194700969636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa81e4b08c986b32286c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":353004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin 0000-0003-1591-8394","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":87278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Taylor","contributorId":62337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leviton, Alan E.","contributorId":10541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leviton","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lathrop, Amy","contributorId":27179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riedle, J. Daren","contributorId":10919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedle","given":"J. Daren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037807,"text":"70037807 - 2011 - Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:40:11","indexId":"70037807","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:04:46","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","docAbstract":"Minnesota wolves (Canis sp.) sometimes are reported to have affinity to a small, narrow-skulled eastern form (Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775) and sometimes to a larger, broader western form (Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823). We found that pre-1950 Minnesota wolf skulls were similar in size to those of wolves from southeastern Ontario and smaller than those of western wolves. However, Minnesota wolf skulls during 1970–1976 showed a shift to the larger, western form. Although Minnesota skull measurements after 1976 were unavailable, rostral ratios from 1969 through 1999 were consistent with hybridization between the smaller eastern wolf and the western form. Our findings help resolve the different taxonomic interpretations of Minnesota skull morphology and are consistent with molecular evidence of recent hybridization or intergradation of the two forms of wolves in Minnesota. Together these data indicate that eastern- and western-type wolves historically mixed and hybridized in Minnesota and continue to do so. Our findings are relevant to a recent government proposal to delist wolves from the endangered species list in Minnesota and surrounding states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","doi":"10.1139/z11-097","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Nowak, R.M., and Weisberg, S., 2011, Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 89, no. 12, p. 1188-1194, https://doi.org/10.1139/z11-097.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-097","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedde4b08c986b32981a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Ronald M.","contributorId":25622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, Sanford","contributorId":36002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Sanford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042247,"text":"sir201151204 - 2011 - Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:31:43","indexId":"sir201151204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-4","title":"Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"After the removal of two large, long‑standing dams on the Elwha River, Washington, the additional load of sediment and wood is expected to affect the hydrology of the lower river, its estuary, and the alluvial aquifer underlying the surrounding flood plain. To better understand the surface-water and groundwater characteristics of the river and estuary before dam removal, several hydrologic data sets were collected and analyzed. An experiment using a dye tracer characterized transient storage, and it was determined that the low‑flow channel of the lower Elwha River was relatively simple; 1–6 percent of the median travel time of dye was attributed to transient‑storage processes. Water data from monitoring wells adjacent to the main‑stem river indicated a strong hydraulic connectivity between stage in the river and groundwater levels in the flood plain. Analysis of temperature data from the monitoring wells showed that changes in the groundwater temperature responded weeks or months after water temperature changed in the river. A seepage investigation indicated that water from the river was moving into the aquifer (losing\nreach) between 1.7 and 2.8 kilometers from the river mouth. Surface‑water measurements and temperature and salinity data collected throughout the estuary helped to characterize the magnitude and nature of water movement in and out of the estuary. Salinity and stage sensors positioned in the estuarine network showed a strong surface‑water connection between the river and estuary waters east of the river. In contrast, there was a weaker connection between the river and estuarine water bodies west of the river.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (Chapter 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151204","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 4 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal. For more information, see: Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Curran, C.A., Sheibley, R.W., Warrick, J., Czuba, J., Czuba, C.R., Gendaszek, A.S., Shafroth, P.B., Duda, J., and Foreman, J.R., 2011, Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-4, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151204.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch4.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70003815,"text":"70003815 - 2011 - Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T14:35:53","indexId":"70003815","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","docAbstract":"The USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps are updated about every six years by incorporating newly vetted science on earthquakes and ground motions. The 2008 hazard maps for the central and eastern United States region (CEUS) were updated by using revised New Madrid and Charleston source models, an updated seismicity catalog and an estimate of magnitude uncertainties, a distribution of maximum magnitudes, and several new ground-motion prediction equations. The new models resulted in significant ground-motion changes at 5 Hz and 1 Hz spectral acceleration with 5% damping compared to the 2002 version of the hazard maps. The 2008 maps have now been incorporated into the 2009 NEHRP Recommended Provisions, the 2010 ASCE-7 Standard, and the 2012 International Building Code. The USGS is now planning the next update of the seismic hazard maps, which will be provided to the code committees in December 2013. Science issues that will be considered for introduction into the CEUS maps include: 1) updated recurrence models for New Madrid sources, including new geodetic models and magnitude estimates; 2) new earthquake sources and techniques considered in the 2010 model developed by the nuclear industry; 3) new NGA-East ground-motion models (currently under development); and 4) updated earthquake catalogs. We will hold a regional workshop in late 2011 or early 2012 to discuss these and other issues that will affect the seismic hazard evaluation in the CEUS.","largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Society of America, 2011 Annual Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Peterson, M., and Mueller, C., 2011, Key science issues in the central and eastern United States for the next version of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps, in Seismological Society of America, 2011 Annual Meeting.","ipdsId":"IP-026828","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e158de4b071e86a19a45f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, M.D.","contributorId":90614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, C.S.","contributorId":45310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042248,"text":"sir201151205 - 2011 - Coastal processes of the Elwha River delta: Chapter 5 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-29T20:11:21","indexId":"sir201151205","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-5","title":"Coastal processes of the Elwha River delta: Chapter 5 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"To understand the effects of increased sediment supply from dam removal on marine habitats around the Elwha River delta, a basic understanding of the region’s coastal processes is necessary. This chapter provides a summary of the physical setting of the coast near the Elwha River delta, for the purpose of synthesizing the processes that move and disperse sediment discharged by the river. One fundamental property of this coastal setting is the difference between currents in the surfzone with those in the coastal waters offshore of the surfzone. Surfzone currents are largely dictated by the direction and size of waves, and the waves that attack the Elwha River delta predominantly come from Pacific Ocean swell from the west. This establishes surfzone currents and littoral sediment transport that are eastward along much of the delta. Offshore of the surfzone the currents are largely influenced by tidal circulation and the physical constraint to flow provided by the delta’s headland. During both ebbing and flooding tides, the flow separates from the coast at the tip of the delta’s headland, and this produces eddies on the downstream side of the headland. Immediately offshore of the Elwha River mouth, this creates a situation in which the coastal currents are directed toward the east much more frequently than toward the west. This suggests that Elwha River sediment will be more likely to move toward the east in the coastal system.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (SIR 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151205","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5 in in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal. For more information, see: Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Stevens, A., Miller, I.M., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2011, Coastal processes of the Elwha River delta: Chapter 5 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-5, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151205.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264926,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch5.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5832,46.794 ], [ -123.5832,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,47.9652 ], [ -123.448,46.794 ], [ -123.5832,46.794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d0fce4b0a4aa5bb0b0bd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509133,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509132,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":48255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173434,"text":"70173434 - 2011 - Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T16:39:41","indexId":"70173434","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia","docAbstract":"Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Greenbrier River basin in the Valley and Ridge province of West Virginia. Within the Greenbrier system it occurs primarily in tributaries to the Greenbrier mainstem, with stable populations in the East and West Fork, and Thorny, Knapp, and Deer creeks. The new species is morphologically most similar to C. (P.) robustus, from which it can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: adult palm length comprising 73–76% of palm width as opposed to 63–70% in C. (P.)robustus; ventral surface of chela of cheliped with 0–2 subpalmar tubercles compared to 3–6 subpalmar tubercles in C. (P.) robustus; lack of tubercles on the dorsal surface of chela; longer, more tapering, less rectangular rostrum (47–52% rostrum width/length ratio) compared to C. (P.) robustusshorter, less tapering rectangular rostrum (54–63% rostrum width/length ratio); and the central projection of the form-I male gonopod curved ≤90 degrees to the shaft.
","language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","doi":"10.2988/10-09.1","usgsCitation":"Loughman, Z.J., Simon, T.P., and Welsh, S., 2011, Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 124, no. 2, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.2988/10-09.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023052","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Greenbrier River basin, Valley and Ridge province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9310302734375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -79.85412597656249,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 38.646908247760706\n ],\n [\n -79.6563720703125,\n 38.61257832462118\n ],\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 38.50519140240356\n ],\n [\n -79.7882080078125,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -79.837646484375,\n 38.25112269630296\n ],\n [\n -79.91455078125,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -79.9420166015625,\n 38.108627664321276\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -80.1727294921875,\n 37.86618078529668\n ],\n [\n -80.22766113281249,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -80.28259277343749,\n 37.73162487017297\n ],\n [\n -80.2935791015625,\n 37.688167468408025\n ],\n [\n -80.233154296875,\n 37.66208079655377\n ],\n [\n -80.22766113281249,\n 37.622933594900864\n ],\n [\n -80.3155517578125,\n 37.58811876638322\n ],\n [\n -80.3045654296875,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -80.3155517578125,\n 37.514083168101116\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -80.5023193359375,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -80.562744140625,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -80.6781005859375,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -80.7220458984375,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -80.7879638671875,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -80.9307861328125,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -80.9747314453125,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -81.05712890625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -81.1614990234375,\n 37.62728430268013\n ],\n [\n -81.15600585937499,\n 37.688167468408025\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -81.068115234375,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n -80.9857177734375,\n 37.900865092570065\n ],\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 37.974514992024616\n ],\n [\n -80.7220458984375,\n 38.05674222065293\n ],\n [\n -80.3485107421875,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -80.28259277343749,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -80.1177978515625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -79.9310302734375,\n 38.736946065676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ade4b07657d19fef7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154900,"text":"70154900 - 2011 - Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:40:05","indexId":"70154900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The longnose darter Percina nasuta (Bailey) is one of Oklahoma’s rarest fish species (1) and is listed by the state as endangered. Throughout the rest of its range, which includes Missouri, Arkansas and the far eastern portion of Oklahoma, the longnose darter is classified as “rare” or “threatened” (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1). This species inhabits both slow- and fast-water habitats with cobble and gravel substrates in medium to large streams (7, 8, 1). Oklahoma populations of longnose darter are known to occur only in the Poteau River and Lee Creek drainages in Le Flore and Sequoyah counties, respectively (9, 10). Cross and Moore (9) collected longnose darters from the Poteau River in 1947. The species was not collected in a subsequent survey of the Poteau River in 1974 (11), possibly because of the effects from the Wister Dam, which was completed in 1949. Darters are especially susceptible to flow alterations from dams (2, 12). This, together with the 1992 completion of Lee Creek Reservoir in Arkansas, has raised concern for the Lee Creek population of longnose darters (13).
\nLee Creek is one of Oklahoma’s six rivers designated as \"scenic\" by the Oklahoma Legislature. Lee Creek is located on the Oklahoma-Arkansas border in far eastern Oklahoma. The headwaters originate in northwestern Arkansas and flow south towards the Arkansas River. While the majority of the stream is in Arkansas, a portion flows into Oklahoma northwest of Uniontown, AR and continues for 28.2 river-km before crossing back into Arkansas near Van Buren, AR. The hydrology of lower Lee Creek has been altered by Lee Creek Reservoir near Van Buren, AR. It was believed that pre-impounded Lee Creek had the largest existing population of longnose darters (8). However, the most recent fish surveys in Lee Creek were conducted approximately twenty years ago. Robinson (8) surveyed Lee Creek in Arkansas, upstream of the Oklahoma border, and found longnose darters upstream of Natural Dam, AR. Wagner et al. (10) were the last to document longnose darter presence in the Oklahoma segment of Lee Creek. No efforts to collect this species in Oklahoma have occurred since the completion of Lee Creek Reservoir. Our objective was to determine whether the species persist in this segment of its historic range since impoundment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Weatherford, OK","usgsCitation":"Gatlin, M.R., and Long, J.M., 2011, Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 11-14.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026882","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.okstate.edu/OAS/oas_htm_files/v91/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Lee Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -94.54833984375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -99.42626953125,\n 34.32529192442733\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c7e4b05d6c4e501ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatlin, Michael R.","contributorId":141324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatlin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046493,"text":"70046493 - 2011 - Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T14:46:51","indexId":"70046493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T15:40:24","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses","docAbstract":"Increased health concerns about perchlorate (ClO4-) during the past decade and subsequent regulatory considerations have generated appreciable interest in source identification. The key objective of the isotopic techniques described in this guidance manual is to provide evidence concerning the origin of ClO4- in soils and groundwater and, more specifically, whether that ClO4- is synthetic or natural. Chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses of ClO4- provide the primary direct approach whereby different sources of ClO4- can be distinguished from each other. These techniques measure the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of chlorine (37Cl and 35Cl) and oxygen (18O, 17O, and 16O) in ClO4- using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, the relative abundance of the radioactive chlorine isotope 36Cl is measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Taken together, these measurements provide four independent quantities that can be used to distinguish natural and synthetic ClO4- sources, to discriminate different types of natural ClO4-, and to detect ClO4- biodegradation in the environment. Other isotopic, chemical, and geochemical techniques that can be applied in conjunction with isotopic analyses of ClO4- to provide supporting data in forensic studies are also described. This guidance manual is intended to provide details of the methodology used to (1) collect ClO4- samples from the environment, particularly from groundwater, which is the main medium of interest for ClO4- source identification; (2) purify the collected ClO4- samples; (3) conduct oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl) isotopic analyses on the purified samples; and (4) determine probable sources using the resulting isotope data. Current practices for groundwater sampling and quality assurance for sample collection, purification, and measurement of Cl and O isotopes in ClO4- are provided. A detailed case study of source evaluation in groundwater on Long Island is given along with the current literature on the subject of ClO4- source discrimination. ClO4- in the environment is derived from both synthetic and natural sources. Synthetic ClO4- salts, including ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4), have been widely used as oxidants by the military and aerospace industry. A variety of commercial products also contain synthetic ClO4-,including fireworks, matches, air bags, chlorine bleach, safety flares, perchloric acid, and chlorate herbicides. Historical disposal practices by the military, aerospace industry, and chemical manufacturers have resulted in groundwater and drinking water contamination with ClO4- in the United States. Isolated contamination from\nfireworks, road flares, explosives, and perchloric acid has also been reported. However, ClO4- is also a naturally occurring anion. It is present with sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in surficial deposits in the Atacama Desert of Chile at an average concentration of around 0.1% (by mass) of the total soluble salt, and these deposits (sometimes referred to as “Chilean caliche”) were widely used in the United States during the first half of the 20th century as a source of inorganic nitrogen\nfertilizer. Natural ClO4- that is not associated with Chilean fertilizers has also recently been detected in the vadose zone, groundwaters, and mineral deposits collected from the arid southwestern United States, including 155,000 km2 of groundwater in the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas and New Mexico. In addition to synthetic sources, natural ClO4- from both Chilean fertilizers and indigenous sources represents a potentially large source of ClO4- in groundwater and drinking water in the United States.","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses.","ipdsId":"IP-033887","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70209241,"text":"70209241 - 2011 - The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:31:57","indexId":"70209241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T11:35:31","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems","docAbstract":"Barrier islands develop through a variety of processes, including spit accretion, barrier elongation, and inlet filling. New geophysical and sedimentological data provide a means of documenting the presence of a paleoinlet within a barrier lithosome in the western Gulf of Maine, illuminating the process of backbarrier infilling and its effect on barrier and tidal inlet morphodynamics. The transport of sediment into the backbarrier through tidal inlets as well as sediment contribution from nearby rivers led to bay infilling, formation of tidal flats and marshes, and a vast reduction in the bay tidal prism. Using existing marsh stratigraphy and high resolution imaging of a paleo inlet, this study investigates the effects of this diminishing tidal prism and inlet closure process. Chronostratigraphic reconstructions and digital backstripping of the backbarrier explain rates and timing of infilling and eventual conversion of an open water lagoon to the modern high marsh and tidal creek system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2011","conferenceDate":"May 2-6, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814355537_0091","usgsCitation":"Hein, C.J., FitzGerald, D.M., Carruthers, E.A., Stone, B.D., and Gontz, A.M., 2011, The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems, in The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011, v. 2011, Miami, FL, May 2-6, 2011, p. 1203-1216, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0091.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1216","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -66.70898437499999,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -64.6875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -64.8193359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -67.3681640625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -71.05957031249999,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 41.77131167976407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, Christopher J.","contributorId":39893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"FitzGerald, Duncan M.","contributorId":48077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carruthers, Emily A.","contributorId":59709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruthers","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gontz, Allen M.","contributorId":79784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gontz","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242023,"text":"70242023 - 2011 - Traverse of the major fault systems of the Taconian deformational front, the Vermont Valley and core of the Green Mountain massif, southern Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T13:58:52.268584","indexId":"70242023","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T08:53:49","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Traverse of the major fault systems of the Taconian deformational front, the Vermont Valley and core of the Green Mountain massif, southern Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for field trips in Vermont and adjacent New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 103rd Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Sep 30-Oct 2, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Middlebury, VT","language":"English","publisher":"Middlebury College","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., Kunk, M.J., Burton, W.C., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Traverse of the major fault systems of the Taconian deformational front, the Vermont Valley and core of the Green Mountain massif, southern Vermont, in Guidebook for field trips in Vermont and adjacent New York, v. 103, Middlebury, VT, Sep 30-Oct 2, 2011, p. A3-1-A3-35.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"A3-1","endPage":"A3-35","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.34635266089448,\n 43.852053468058216\n ],\n [\n -73.27663927311744,\n 43.852053468058216\n ],\n [\n -73.27663927311744,\n 42.73631457537158\n ],\n [\n -72.34635266089448,\n 42.73631457537158\n ],\n [\n -72.34635266089448,\n 43.852053468058216\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192431,"text":"70192431 - 2011 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T14:45:15","indexId":"70192431","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"The Energy Minerals Division (EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) is a membership-based, technical interest group having the primary goal of advancing the science of geology, especially as it relates to exploration, discovery, and production of unconventional energy resources. Current research on unconventional energy resources is rapidly changing and exploration and development efforts for these resources are constantly expanding. Nine summaries derived from 2011 committee reports presented at the EMD Annual Meeting in Houston, Texas in April, 2011, are contained in this review. The complete set of committee reports is available to AAPG members at http://emd.aapg.org/members_only/ annual2011/index.cfm. This report updates the 2006 and 2009 EMD unconventional energy review published in this journal (American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division 2007, 2009).
","language":"English","publisher":"springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9157-x","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., 2011, Introduction: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 279-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9157-x.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-029172","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"4","publicComments":"This publication is a section in a larger report, Unconventional Energy Resources: 2011 Review, which occupies pages 279-328 of volume 20, issue 4 of Natural Resources Research journal.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107a3e4b06e28e9c255e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174126,"text":"70174126 - 2011 - Managing white-tailed deer: Eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T15:01:46.14178","indexId":"70174126","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Managing white-tailed deer: Eastern North America","docAbstract":"The ability of the white-tailed deer to adapt to and thrive in a wide variety of habitats requires different approaches to managing this species. Variation in both the population dynamics of the species and in the social and political factors that inuence how humans value white-tailed deer also necessitate different approaches. Consequently, providing an overview of the management of white-tailed deer in eastern North America runs the gamut from a species limited by snow depths in the remote boreal forests of Canada to a species inhabiting metropolitan areas. In this chapter, we address issues that inuence deer management among ecoregions that have similar deer population characteristics and related management concerns.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and management of white-tailed deer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D.R., and Shea, S.M., 2011, Managing white-tailed deer: Eastern North America, chap. 16 of Biology and management of white-tailed deer, p. 481-500.","productDescription":"20 p,","startPage":"481","endPage":"500","ipdsId":"IP-024298","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -51.67968749999999,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -62.57812500000001,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 63.074865690586634\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 53.54030739150022\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba44e4b0e2663625f2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shea, Stephen M.","contributorId":257543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006368,"text":"ofr20111308 - 2011 - Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr20111308","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1308","title":"Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Las Conchas Fire during the summer of 2011 was the largest in recorded history for the state of New Mexico, burning 634 square kilometers in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from 321 basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows at the outlets of selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of burn severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire.
In response to a design storm of 28.0 millimeters of rain in 30 minutes (10-year recurrence interval), the probabilities of debris flows estimated for basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire were greater than 80 percent for two-thirds (67 percent) of the modeled basins. Basins with a high (greater than 80 percent) probability of debris-flow occurrence were concentrated in tributaries to Santa Clara and Rio del Oso Canyons in the northeastern part of the burned area; some steep areas in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, Los Alamos, and Guaje Canyons in the east-central part of the burned area; tributaries to Peralta, Colle, Bland, and Cochiti canyons in the southwestern part of the burned area; and tributaries to Frijoles, Alamo, and Capulin Canyons in the southeastern part of the burned area (within Bandelier National Monument). Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from 400 cubic meters to greater than 72,000 cubic meters. The largest volumes (greater than 40,000 cubic meters) were estimated for basins in Santa Clara, Los Alamos, and Water Canyons, and for two basins at the northeast edge of the burned area tributary to Rio del Oso and Vallecitos Creek.
The Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings identify the areas of highest probability of the largest debris flows. Basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings include upper Santa Clara Canyon in the northern section of the burn scar, and portions of Peralta, Colle, Bland, Cochiti, Capulin, Alamo, and Frijoles Canyons in the southern section of the burn scar. Three basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings also occur in areas upstream from the city of Los Alamos—the city is home to and surrounded by numerous technical sites for the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Potential debris flows in the burned area could affect the water supply for Santa Clara Pueblo and several recreational lakes, as well as recreational and archeological resources in Bandelier National Monument. Debris flows could damage bridges and culverts along State Highway 501 and other roadways. Additional assessment is necessary to determine if the estimated volume of material is sufficient to travel into areas downstream from the modeled basins along the valley floors, where they could affect human life, property, agriculture, and infrastructure in those areas. Additionally, further investigation is needed to assess the potential for debris flows to affect structures at or downstream from basin outlets and to increase the threat of flooding downstream by damaging or blocking flood mitigation structures. The maps presented here may be used to prioritize areas where erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year window of vulnerability following the Las Conchas Fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111308","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Darr, M.J., Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1308, v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111308.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1308.png"},{"id":112410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ea0e4b0c8380cd7a65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, Michael J. mjdarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"Michael","email":"mjdarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007063,"text":"sim3181 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle and part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:26:47.202701","indexId":"sim3181","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3181","title":"Geologic map of the Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle and part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle is in the center of the Puget Lowland, Washington. The quadrangle contains the northern two-thirds of Bainbridge Island and adjacent parts of the Kitsap Peninsula. Puget Sound and contiguous waterways form 35 percent of the map area. Maximum elevation is 137 m in the northwest corner of the quadrangle, west of Suquamish; the modal elevation is 44 m. The center of the quadrangle is 20 km west-northwest of downtown Seattle. Winslow, in the southeast corner of the quadrangle, is a 35-minute ferry ride from Seattle.\nThe Suquamish quadrangle lies within the Salish Lowland physiographic province (Haugerud, 2004), a broad region in the forearc of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that extends from south of Olympia, Washington, to north of Campbell River, British Columbia, and includes both the Puget Lowland of western Washington and the Georgia Depression of northwestern Washington and southwestern British Columbia. To the east are the Cascade Range and Coast Mountains; to the west is the outer-arc high of the Coast Ranges. The Salish Lowland is the locus of late Cenozoic subsidence: Jones (1996) indicates as much as 1 km of unconsolidated fill beneath some areas. The Lowland is crossed by east-west topographic highs formed by bedrock uplifts. A northern San Juan high divides the Lowland into Georgia Depression and Puget Lowland subprovinces. A southern high, which lies athwart the south end of Bainbridge Island immediately south of the map area, coincides with the Seattle Fault Zone along which uplift has brought Eocene rocks to elevations of 800-1,200 m, 8-10 km higher than equivalent strata in the floor of the Seattle structural basin that underlies central and northern Bainbridge Island and areas to the east (Brocher and others, 2001; Blakely and others, 2002). Deformation along the Seattle Fault appears to be driven by north-south shortening of the Cascade forearc (Wells and others, 1998).\nPleistocene glacial deposits underlie most of the map area. Most extensive are the various members of the Vashon Drift, deposited in the Vashon stade of the Fraser Glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) between about about 17,000 years ago.\nThis study was undertaken in response to (1) awareness of the hazard posed by future earthquakes in the Seattle Fault Zone, at the south edge of the quadrangle, and the need to marshal geologic evidence for the rate and style of deformation; (2) increasing population on Bainbridge Island and consequent pressure on groundwater resources; (3) concern about landslide hazards; and (4) awareness of the role that the nearshore zone plays in supporting marine resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3181","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R.A., and Troost, K.G., 2011, Geologic map of the Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle and part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3181, Pamphlet: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 48 x 31 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Databases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3181.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 48 x 31 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Databases","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3181.gif"},{"id":398860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96385.htm"},{"id":112413,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County","otherGeospatial":"Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -122.4583,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -122.4583,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1eade4b0c8380cd566ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troost, Kathy Goetz","contributorId":35023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troost","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"Goetz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136237,"text":"70136237 - 2011 - Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:24:53","indexId":"70136237","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer system, commonly called the High Plains aquifer in many publications, is a nationally important water resource that underlies a 111-million-acre area (173,000 square miles) in parts of eight States including Wyoming. Through irrigation of crops with groundwater from the High Plains aquifer system, the area that overlies the aquifer system has become one of the major agricultural regions in the world. In addition, the aquifer system also serves as the primary source of drinking water for most residents of the region. The High Plains aquifer system is one of the largest aquifers or aquifer systems in the world.
The High Plains aquifer system underlies an area of 8,190 square miles in southeastern Wyoming. Including Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is present in parts of five counties in southeastern Wyoming. The High Plains aquifer system underlies 8 percent of Wyoming, and 5 percent of the aquifer system is located within the State. Based on withdrawals for irrigation, public supply, and industrial use in 2000, the High Plains aquifer system is the most utilized source of groundwater in Wyoming.
With the exception of the Laramie Mountains in western Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is present throughout Laramie County. In Laramie County, the High Plains aquifer system is the predominant groundwater resource for agricultural (irrigation), municipal, industrial, and domestic uses. Withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation (primarily in the eastern part of the county) is the largest use of water from the High Plains aquifer system in Laramie County and southeastern Wyoming.
Continued interest in groundwater levels in the High Plains aquifer system in Laramie County prompted a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office to update the potentiometric-surface map of the aquifer system in Laramie County. Groundwater levels were measured in wells completed in the High Plains aquifer system from March to June 2009. The groundwater levels were used to construct a map of the potentiometric surface of the High Plains aquifer system. In addition, depth to water and estimated saturated-thickness maps of the aquifer system were constructed using the potentiometric-surface map.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3180","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., and Hallberg, L.L., 2011, Generalized potentiometric surface, estimated depth to water, and estimated saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer system, March–June 2009, Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3180, 1 Sheet: 54 x 42 inches; Metadata Download; GIS Database Dowload, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3180.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 54 x 42 inches; Metadata Download; GIS Database Dowload","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3180.png"},{"id":112399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.23333333333333,41 ], [ -105.23333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -104.05,41.666666666666664 ], [ -104.05,41 ], [ -105.23333333333333,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a153fe4b0c8380cd54d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, Laura L. 0000-0001-9983-8003 lhallber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8003","contributorId":1825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"Laura","email":"lhallber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006351,"text":"sim3192 - 2011 - Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sim3192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3192","title":"Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County was developed to supply water to the city of Wichita and for irrigation in south-central Kansas. Water-level and storage-volume decreases that began with the development of the aquifer in the 1940s reached record to near-record lows in January 1993. Since 1993, the aquifer has been experiencing higher water levels and a partial recovery of storage volume. Potentiometric maps of the shallow and deep layers of the map show flow in both aquifer layers is generally from west to east. Water-level altitudes in the shallow aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,470 feet in the northwest corner of the study area to low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area; water-level altitudes in the deep aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,440 feet on the west edge of the study area to a low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area. In the northwest part of the study area, water-levels can be up to 50 feet higher in the shallow layer than in the deep layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. Measured water-level changes for August 1940 to January 2011 ranged from a decline of 16.52 feet to a rise of 2.22 feet. The change in storage volume from August 1940 to January 2011 was a decrease of about 104,000 acre-feet. This volume represents a recovery of about 151,000 acre-feet, or about 59 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993. It also represents a recovery of about 63,000 acre-feet, or about 38 percent of the storage volume lost between August 1940 and January 2007. Major factors in these storage-volume recoveries are increased recharge from greater-than-normal precipitation and planned decreases in city pumpage that are part of Wichita's Integrated Local Water Supply Plan; however, part of the recovery may be because city and irrigation pumpage probably decreased in response to greater-than-normal precipitation in the study area. Storage volume from July 2010 to January 2011 did not increase as it commonly does from July to January. The change in storage volume from July 2010 to January 2011 was a decrease of 10,300 acre-feet, probably because average precipitation in the study area during August 2010 through January 2011 was about 3.01 inches less than the August through January normal of 12.63 inches for the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2011, Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, January 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3192, 1 map sheet: 45.5 x 34.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3192.","productDescription":"1 map sheet: 45.5 x 34.5 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3192.png"},{"id":112391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey;Sedgwick","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Auquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,37.75 ], [ -97.75,38.25 ], [ -97.25,38.25 ], [ -97.25,37.75 ], [ -97.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97c9e4b08c986b31bc6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171509,"text":"70171509 - 2011 - The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:55:24","indexId":"70171509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-23T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"Chapter 5","title":"The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the occurrence, storage, and flow of groundwater in mountainous regions is limited by the lack of integrated data from wells, streams, springs, and climate. In his comprehensive treatment of the hydrogeology of the San Luis Valley, Huntley (1979) hypothesized that the underlying, fractured volcanic bedrock of the San Juan Mountains has relatively high bulk permeability and a regional-scale water table with a low hydraulic gradient. Other (some more recent) studies of fractured crystalline bedrock in mountainous terrain indicate that these rock units can act as aquifers (Kahn et al. 2008; Manning and Caine 2007; Robinson 1978; Stober and Bucher 2005). The body of recent work also suggests that the conception that fractured crystalline bedrock is of such low permeability that it constitutes a “no-flow zone” may be inappropriate. In addition to establishing a new baseline, the data presented here are used to test Huntley’s (1979) hypotheses that suggest that the San Juan Mountains may be underlain by a substantial groundwater system. With the advent of computers and digital databases, many types of publicly available data can be used to test hypotheses and provide new insights into mountain hydrogeology at the regional scale in the San Juan Mountains. Plate 16 illustrates processes that suggest several fundamental questions arising from our lack of knowledge of mountain hydrogeology. These questions include: What are the dynamic interrelationships among the tectonics of mountain building, climate, and groundwater, and what are the time scales over which associated processes operate? How does extreme topographic relief allow for groundwater recharge along steep surfaces rather than simply causing precipitation to run off ? How does extreme relief translate into hydraulic gradients that drive groundwater flow? Can extreme gradients drive large volumes of meteoric water deep into the Earth’s upper crust? Once in the subsurface, what are the residence times of these waters? Finally, how does complex geology, commonly associated with mountainous terrain, influence these processes and control potentially heterogeneous and tortuous flow pathways? This chapter presents a synthesis of hydrogeological data, in a reconnaissance style, at the regional scale for the San Juan Mountains. Analyses of these data shed some light on the questions posed earlier for the San Juan Mountains and on mountain hydrogeologic processes in general. These analyses are based on public digital data from geologic and topographic maps, precipitation networks, stream gauges, groundwater wells, and springs. These data can be integrated using the hydrologic cycle expressed as a mass balance between inputs and outputs. The data types noted earlier form the basic set of measurements used to explore, characterize, and quantify elements of the hydrologic cycle. This exploration at a variety of scales yields insight into the relationships among the physical geological framework, climatological and hydrological budgets, and the hydraulic properties of the major aquifers in the San Juan Mountains. Each of these factors has been broken down and investigated separately and then integrated at the end of the chapter, using a conceptual model. Although the San Juan Mountains contain extensive precious- and base-metal deposits that have led to natural and mining-related groundwater contamination, this topic is not addressed here. Interested readers should refer to the extensive body of US Geological Survey work in Gray et al. (1994), Plumlee et al. (1995), Wirt et al. (1999), Johnson and Yager (2006), Johnson et al. (2007), and Church, von Guerard, and Finger (2007). Huntley (1979) also provided a large database for regional hydro-geochemistry of the San Juan Mountains (SJM).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Eastern San Juan Mountains Their Ecology, Geology, and Human History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","isbn":"978-1-60732-084-5","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., and Wilson, A.B., 2011, The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5, chap. Chapter 5 of The Eastern San Juan Mountains Their Ecology, Geology, and Human History, p. 79-98.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-003416","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322070,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/1923-the-eastern-san-juan-mountains","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.91276550292969,\n 37.421980615353675\n ],\n [\n -106.91276550292969,\n 37.496652341233364\n ],\n [\n -106.75758361816406,\n 37.496652341233364\n ],\n [\n -106.75758361816406,\n 37.421980615353675\n ],\n [\n -106.91276550292969,\n 37.421980615353675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"