{"pageNumber":"1760","pageRowStart":"43975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70017130,"text":"70017130 - 1992 - Use of forecasting signatures to help distinguish periodicity, randomness, and chaos in ripples and other spatial patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T21:55:39","indexId":"70017130","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1206,"text":"Chaos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of forecasting signatures to help distinguish periodicity, randomness, and chaos in ripples and other spatial patterns","docAbstract":"Forecasting of one-dimensional time series previously has been used to help distinguish periodicity, chaos, and noise. This paper presents two-dimensional generalizations for making such distinctions for spatial patterns. The techniques are evaluated using synthetic spatial patterns and then are applied to a natural example: ripples formed in sand by blowing wind. Tests with the synthetic patterns demonstrate that the forecasting techniques can be applied to two-dimensional spatial patterns, with the same utility and limitations as when applied to one-dimensional time series. One limitation is that some combinations of periodicity and randomness exhibit forecasting signatures that mimic those of chaos. For example, sine waves distorted with correlated phase noise have forecasting errors that increase with forecasting distance, errors that, are minimized using nonlinear models at moderate embedding dimensions, and forecasting properties that differ significantly between the original and surrogates. Ripples formed in sand by flowing air or water typically vary in geometry from one to another, even when formed in a flow that is uniform on a large scale; each ripple modifies the local flow or sand-transport field, thereby influencing the geometry of the next ripple downcurrent. Spatial forecasting was used to evaluate the hypothesis that such a deterministic process - rather than randomness or quasiperiodicity - is responsible for the variation between successive ripples. This hypothesis is supported by a forecasting error that increases with forecasting distance, a greater accuracy of nonlinear relative to linear models, and significant differences between forecasts made with the original ripples and those made with surrogate patterns. Forecasting signatures cannot be used to distinguish ripple geometry from sine waves with correlated phase noise, but this kind of structure can be ruled out by two geometric properties of the ripples: Successive ripples are highly correlated in wavelength, and ripple crests display dislocations such as branchings and mergers. ?? 1992 American Institute of Physics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chaos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.165894","issn":"10541500","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., 1992, Use of forecasting signatures to help distinguish periodicity, randomness, and chaos in ripples and other spatial patterns: Chaos, v. 2, no. 4, p. 525-536, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.165894.","startPage":"525","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265846,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.165894"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf11e4b08c986b329937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186580,"text":"70186580 - 1992 - A method for estimat­ing regional drawdowns in local areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T14:28:00","indexId":"70186580","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A method for estimat­ing regional drawdowns in local areas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the national symposium on the future availability of ground water resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"National symposium on the future availability of ground water resources","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Re­sources Association","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., and Speiran, G., 1992, A method for estimat­ing regional drawdowns in local areas, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the national symposium on the future availability of ground water resources, p. 347-361.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"347","endPage":"361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e6027ae4b09da6799ac6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017131,"text":"70017131 - 1992 - Floodplain storage of mine tailings in the Belle Fourche river system: a sediment budget approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T07:25:13","indexId":"70017131","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodplain storage of mine tailings in the Belle Fourche river system: a sediment budget approach","docAbstract":"<p>Arsenic‐contaminated mine tailings that were discharged into Whitewood Creek at Lead, South Dakota, from 1876 to 1978, were deposited along the floodplains of Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River. The resulting arsenic‐contaminated floodplain deposit consists mostly of overbank sediments and filled abandoned meanders along White‐wood Creek, and overbank and point‐bar sediments along the Belle Fourche River. Arsenic concentrations of the contaminated sediments indicate the degree of dilution of mine tailings by uncontaminated alluvium.</p><p>About 13 per cent of the 110 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Mg of mine tailings that were discharged at Lead were deposited along the Whitewood Creek floodplain. Deposition of mine tailings near the mouth of Whitewood Creek was augmented by an engineered structure. About 29 per cent of the mine tailings delivered by Whitewood Creek were deposited along the Belle Fourche River floodplain. About 60 per cent of that sediment is contained in overbank deposits. Deposition along a segment of the Belle Fourche River was augmented by rapid channel migration. The proportions of contaminated sediment stored along Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River are consistent with sediment storage along the floodplains of perennial streams in other, similar sized watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290170704","usgsCitation":"Marron, D., 1992, Floodplain storage of mine tailings in the Belle Fourche river system: a sediment budget approach: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 17, no. 7, p. 675-685, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290170704.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"685","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269248,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290170704"}],"volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a118be4b0c8380cd54024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marron, D. C.","contributorId":16031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016634,"text":"70016634 - 1992 - Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:12:41","indexId":"70016634","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The flushing of Boston Harbor, a shallow, tidally dominated embayment with little fresh water input, is investigated using a depth-averaged model. The modeled tidal currents exhibit strong spatial variability and ebb/flood asymmetry due to complex topography and coastline geometry and were verified by shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements. At the inlets to the harbor, the asymmetry between flood and ebb gives rise to a net exchange of water, which acts over successive tidal cycles to flush the harbor. The flushing is examined by tracking water that starts out in Boston Harbor for 40 M2 tidal cycles. The tidal flushing is very efficient at mixing water in the vicinity of the inlets over several tidal cycles, but efficiency decreases with time as ``tidal mixing regions'' form on either side of the harbor inlets. When wind forcing is included, the wind-driven currents act to flush the tidal mixing regions, giving rise to more efficient flushing. The exception is when the wind is from the southwest, which confines the jet-like ebb flow from the harbor and therefore reduces the flushing efficiency. In general, flushing is shown to be a two-step process: (1) rapid exchange due to tides over a large region in the vicinity of the harbor inlets and (2) flushing of this region by wind-driven flow. The model also demonstrates that flushing is not uniform over the entire harbor but occurs rapidly in the deep tidal channels and slowly in the regions of weak tidal currents around the harbor periphery. Although the depth-averaged approach to flushing is appropriate over most of the harbor due to the harbor's shallow depth and broad depth distribution, the lack of bathymetric variability and the presence of locally important density driven currents in the Boston Inner Harbor indicates that flushing of this localized area must be approached with a three-dimensional model.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628612","usgsCitation":"Signell, R., 1992, Tide- and wind-driven flushing of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Tampa, FL, USA, 13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992, p. 594-606.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.158447265625,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              42.78733853171998\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.158447265625,\n              42.78733853171998\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.158447265625,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb383e4b08c986b325e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard","contributorId":73623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85333,"text":"85333 - 1992 - Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:54:03","indexId":"85333","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","docAbstract":"<p>The Pacific greater white-fronted goose (<i>Anser albifrons</i>) population has declined precipitously over the past 20 years. Loss of wetland habitat in California wintering areas has had a significant effect on the population, so recovery of the population may depend on innovative management of the few remaining wetlands. A computer simulation model, REFMOD, was applied to greater white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, northern California, to investigate the importance of food availability and hunting disturbance to migrating and wintering populations. Time spent flying and feeding was simulated during fall and early winter, and the resulting energy expenditure was compared with energy consumed to calculate an overall energy balance. This energy balance and the ease with which waterfowl acquired needed food affected emigration rate, and thus, the waterfowl population level was directly tied to availability and distribution of food. The model validly described distances moved by geese from their Tule Lake Refuge roosting site (core) to feeding sites within the surrounding Klamath Basin arena, and exhibited a capability to simulate observed time spent feeding. Based on 25 stochastic simulations, greater white-fronted goose population dynamics were validly simulated over the fall and early-winter (P&gt;0.8). When food was removed from the Tule Lake Refuge, simulated geese had to fly farther (P&lt;0.0001) to find food, hastening emigration and resulting in a decline (P&lt;0.05) in use of the Klamath Basin by geese. Although barley is normally abundant in the basin and is extensively used by geese, simulated elimination of barley in the arena did not cause a reduction in goose numbers (P&gt;0.05). The elimination did cause an increase in the distance traveled to feed (P&lt;0.05), but the availability of other foods in the basin (e.g., potatoes) was evidently sufficient to support the population. The elimination of hunting in the Klamath Basin, and the related decrease in disturbance of feeding birds, had little effect (P&gt;0.05) on the distance traveled to feed or on goose numbers. A 10-fold increase in disturbance hastened emigration and reduced population levels (P&lt;0.0001) during the season by about 30%; a 100-fold increase in disturbance reduced population levels (P&lt;0.0001) by 85%. When goose immigration was increased to simulate an average peak population of approximately 500 000 geese, population levels remained high throughout the fall, indicating the Klamath Basin can sustain a population much larger than currently exists. This suggests food availability and disturbance levels in the Klamath Basin are not responsible for observed population declines during the last 2 decades. REFMOD can easily be used to evaluate the effects of other scenarios related to hunting regimes and food distribution and availability.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-94-011-2868-1","usgsCitation":"Frederick, R., Clark, W.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1992, Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 696-706.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"706","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781851668762"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab45","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504401,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, R.B.","contributorId":104841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017038,"text":"70017038 - 1992 - A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:22:13.31971","indexId":"70017038","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p>This paper describes the development and application of a 3-dimensional model of the barotropic and baroclinic circulation on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A previous study with a 2D barotropic model and field data revealed that several tidal constituents have a significant baroclinic component (the K1 in particular). Thus we embarked on another study with a 3D model to study the baroclinic effects on the residual and several selected tidal constituents.</p><p>The 3D model uses a harmonic expansion in time and a finite element discretization in space. All nonlinear terms are retained, including quadratic bottom stress, advection and wave transport (continuity nonlinearity). The equations are solved as a global and a local problem, where the global problem is the solution of the wave equation formulation of the shallow water equations, and the local problem is the solution of the momentum equation for the vertical velocity profile. These equations are coupled to the advection-diffusion equation for density so that density gradient forcing is included in the momentum equations. However, the study presented here describes diagnostic calculations for the baroclinic residual circulation only.</p><p>The model is sufficiently efficient that it encourages sensitivity testing with a large number of model runs. In this sense, the model is akin to an extension of analytical solutions to the domain of irregular geometry and bottom topography where this parameter space can be explored in some detail.</p><p>In particular, the consequences of the sigma coordinate system used by the model are explored. Test cases using an idealized representation of the continental shelf, shelf break and shelf slope, lead to an estimation of the velocity errors caused by interpolation errors inherent in the sigma coordinate system. On the basis of these estimates, the computational grid used in the 2D model is found to have inadequate resolution. Thus a new grid is generated with increased accuracy in the region of the shelf break. However, even with increased resolution, spurious baroclinic circulation seaward of the shelf break and in the vicinity of Juan de Fuca canyon remained a significant problem when the pressure gradient terms were evaluated using the σ coordinate system and using a realistic density profile.</p><p>With the new grid, diagnostic calculations of the barotropic and baroclinic residual circulation are performed using forcing from the observed σ<sub>t</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(density) field and from the gradient of this field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0924-7963(92)90021-Y","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Foreman, M., 1992, A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 3, no. 6, p. 507-518, https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(92)90021-Y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c5e4b0c8380cd45c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, M.G.G.","contributorId":69846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"M.G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017036,"text":"70017036 - 1992 - Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:42:32","indexId":"70017036","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>A method has been developed for the isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from aquatic environments using Amberlite<a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bFN1\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014663809290119I?via%3Dihub#FN1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014663809290119I?via%3Dihub#FN1\"><sup>∗</sup></a><span>&nbsp;</span>XAD-4 resin. The method uses a two column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins in series. The hydrophobic organic acids, composed primarily of aquatic fulvic acid, are removed from the sample on XAD-8, followed by the isolation of the more hydrophilic organic acids on XAD-4. For samples from a number of diverse environments, more of the dissolved organic carbon was isolated on the XAD-8 resin (23–58%) than on the XAD-4 resin (7–25%). For these samples, the hydrophilic acids have lower carbon and hydrogen contents, higher oxygen and nitrogen contents, and are lower in molecular weight than the corresponding fulvic acids.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C NMR analyses indicate that the hydrophilic acids have a lower concentration of aromatic carbon and greater heteroaliphatic, ketone and carboxyl content than the fulvic acid.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(92)90119-I","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., McKnight, D.M., Thorn, K.A., and Thurman, E., 1992, Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins: Organic Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 4, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(92)90119-I.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f52e4b0c8380cd6443f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":375211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017311,"text":"70017311 - 1992 - Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017311","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Cores of lake sediment to a depth of 334 m in the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, northern California, document the late Cenozoic paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic history of the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The cores have been dated by radiometric, tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic analyses. Lacustrine diatoms are abundant throughout the record and document a nearly continuous paleolimnologic history of the Tule Lake basin for the last 3 Myr. During most of this time, this basin (Tule Lake) was a relatively deep, extensive lake. Except for a drier (and cooler?) interval recorded by Fragilaria species about 2.4 Ma, the Pliocene is characterized by a dominance of planktonic Aulacoseira solida implying a warm monomictic lake under a climatic regime of low seasonality. Much of the Pleistocene is dominated by Stephanodiscus and Fragilaria species suggesting a cooler, often drier, and highly variable climate. Benthic diatoms typical of alkaline-enriched saline waters commonly appear after 1.0 Ma, and tephrochronology indicates slow deposition and possible hiatuses between about 0.6 and 0.2 Ma. The chronology of even-numbered oxygen isotope stages approximately matches fluctuations in the abundance of Fragilaria since 800 ka indicating that glacial periods were expressed as drier environments at Tule Lake. Glacial and interglacial environments since 150 ka were distinct from, and more variable than, those occurring earlier. The last full glacial period was very dry, but shortly thereafter Tule Lake became a deep, cool lacustrine system indicating a substantial increase in precipitation. Aulacoseira ambigua characterized the latest glacial and Holocene record of Tule Lake. Its distribution indicates that warmer and wetter climates began about 15 ka in this part of the Great Basin. Diatom concentration fluctuates at 41 000 year intervals between 3.0 and 2.5 Ma and at approximately 100 000 year intervals after 1.0 Ma. In the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, Aulacoseira solida percentages wax and wane in an approximately 400 000 year cycle. The possible response of Tule Lake diatom communities to orbitally-induced insolation cycles underscores the importance of this record for the study of late Cenozoic paleoclimate change. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00193541","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1992, Late Cenozoic lacustrine and climatic environments at Tule Lake, northern Great Basin, USA: Climate Dynamics, v. 6, no. 3-4, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193541"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c5e4b0c8380cd66d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017025,"text":"70017025 - 1992 - The effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017025","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations","docAbstract":"Among environment scientists, the current and almost universally accepted definition of dissolved constituents is an operational one only those materials which pass through a 0.45-??m membrane filter are considered to be dissolved. Detailed laboratory and field studies on Fe and Al indicate that a number of factors associated with filtration, other than just pore size, can substantially alter 'dissolved' trace element concentrations; these include: filter type, filter diameter, filtration method, volume of sample processed, suspended sediment concentration, suspended sediment grain-size distribution, concentration of colloids and colloidally-associated trace elements and concentration of organic matter. As such, reported filtered-water concentrations employing the same pore size filter may not be equal. Filtration artifacts may lead to the production of chemical data that indicate seasonal or annual 'dissolved' chemical trends which do not reflect actual environmental conditions. Further, the development of worldwide averages for various dissolved chemical constituents, the quantification of geochemical cycles, and the determination of short- or long-term environmental chemical trends may be subject to substantial errors, due to filtration artifacts, when data from the same or multiple sources are combined. Finally, filtration effects could have a substantial impact on various regulatory requirements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-P","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Colberg, M., 1992, The effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations: Water Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 753-763, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-P.","startPage":"753","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205562,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-P"},{"id":224863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab33e4b08c986b322cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colberg, M.R.","contributorId":88497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colberg","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017162,"text":"70017162 - 1992 - Effects of climatic change and climatic variability on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017162","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic change and climatic variability on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"The Thornthwaite moisture index is useful as an indicator of the supply of water in an area relative to the demand under prevailing climatic conditions. This study examines the effects of long-term changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin. Temperature and precipitation estimates for doubled-CO2 conditions derived from three general circulation models (GCMs) are used to study the response of the moisture index for steady-state doubled-CO2 conditions and for gradual changes from present to doubled-CO2 conditions. Results of the study indicate that temperature and precipitation under doubled-CO2 conditions will cause the Thornthwaite moisture index to decrease, implying significantly drier conditions in the Delaware River basin than currently exist. The amount of decrease depends, however, on the GCM climatic-change scenario used. The results also indicate that future changes in the moisture index will be partly masked by natural year-to-year variability in temperature and precipitation. ?? 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00154172","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Wolock, D., 1992, Effects of climatic change and climatic variability on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin: Climatic Change, v. 20, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00154172.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154172"},{"id":225007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b0e4b0c8380cd51390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017146,"text":"70017146 - 1992 - Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:50:55.501777","indexId":"70017146","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers","docAbstract":"<div id=\"SP0005\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The depth-integration method of measuring water discharge makes a continuous measurement of the water velocity from the water surface to the bottom at 20 to 40 locations or verticals across a river. It is especially practical for large rivers where river traffic makes it impractical to use boats attached to taglines strung across the river or to use current meters suspended from bridges. This method has the additional advantage over the standard two- and eight-tenths method in that a discharge-weighted suspended-sediment sample can be collected at the same time. When this method is used in large rivers such as the Missouri, Mississippi and Ohio, a microwave navigation system is used to determine the ship's position at each vertical sampling location across the river, and to make accurate velocity corrections to compensate for shift drift. An essential feature is a hydraulic winch that can lower and raise the current meter at a constant transit velocity so that the velocities at all depths are measured for equal lengths of time.</div><div id=\"SP0010\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Field calibration measurements show that: (1) the mean velocity measured on the upcast (bottom to surface) is within 1% of the standard mean velocity determined by 9–11 point measurements; (2) if the transit velocity is less than 25% of the mean velocity, then average error in the mean velocity is 4% or less.</div><div id=\"SP0015\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The major source of bias error is a result of mounting the current meter above a sounding weight and sometimes above a suspended-sediment sampling bottle, which prevents measurement of the velocity all the way to the bottom. The measured mean velocity is slightly larger than the true mean velocity. This bias error in the discharge is largest in shallow water (approximately 8% for the Missouri River at Hermann, MO, where the mean depth was 4.3 m) and smallest in deeper water (approximately 3% for the Mississippi River at Vickbsurg, MS, where the mean depth was 14.5 m). The major source of random error in the discharge is the natural variability of river velocities, which we assumed to be independent and random at each vertical. The standard error of the estimated mean velocity, at an individual vertical sampling location, may be as large as 9%, for large sand-bed alluvial rivers. The computed discharge, however, is a weighted mean of these random velocities. Consequently the standard error of computed discharge is divided by the square root of the number of verticals, producing typical values between 1 and 2%.</div><div id=\"SP0020\" class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The discharges measured by the depth-integrated method agreed within ±5% of those measured simultaneously by the standard two- and eight-tenths, six-tenth and moving boat methods.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(92)90089-E","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 1992, Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 201-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90089-E.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cdee4b0c8380cd52d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017161,"text":"70017161 - 1992 - Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70017161","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Partial equilibrium conditions occur between fluids and secondary minerals in the Valles hydrothermal system, contained principally in the Tertiary rhyolitic Bandelier Tuff. The mass transfer processes are governed by reactive phase compositions, surface areas, water-rock ratios, reaction rates, and fluid residence times. Experimental dissolution of the vitric phase of the tuff was congruent with respect to Cl in the solid and produced reaction rates which obeyed a general Arrhenius release rate between 250 and 300??C. The 18O differences between reacted and unreacted rock and fluids, and mass balances calculations involving Cl in the glass phase, produced comparable water-rock ratios of unity, confirming the importance of irreversible reaction of the vitric tuff. A fluid residence time of approximately 2 ?? 103 years, determined from fluid reservoir volume and discharge rates, is less than 0.2% of the total age of the hydrothermal system and denotes a geochemically and isotopically open system. Mass transfer calculations generally replicated observed reservoir pH, Pco2, and PO2 conditions, cation concentrations, and the secondary mineral assemblage between 250 and 300??C. The only extraneous component required to maintain observed calcite saturation and high Pco2 pressures was carbon presumably derived from underlying Paleozoic limestones. Phase rule constraints indicate that Cl was the only incompatible aqueous component not controlled by mineral equilibrium. Concentrations of Cl in the reservoir directly reflect mass transport rates as evidenced by correlations between anomalously high Cl concentrations in the fluids and tuff in the Valles caldera relative to other hydrothermal systems in rhyolitic rocks. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Chuma, N., and Goff, F., 1992, Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 49, no. 3-4, p. 233-253.","startPage":"233","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5259e4b0c8380cd6c347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chuma, N.J.","contributorId":48319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuma","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017170,"text":"70017170 - 1992 - Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70017170","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"More than 3,200 indoor radon-222 (222Rn) measurements were made seasonally in an area of about 1,000 square kilometers of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic provinces in Virginia, U.S.A. Results of these measurements indicate that some geological units are associated, on the average, with twice as much indoor222Rn as other geological units, and that indoor222Rn varies seasonally. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test whether indoor222Rn concentrations for data gathered over the winter and summer seasons differ significantly by rock unit. The tests concluded that indoor222Rn concentrations for different rock units were not equal at the 5-percent significance level. The rocks associated with the highest median indoor222Rn concentration are specific rocks in the Mesozoic Culpeper basin, including shale and siltstone units with Jurassic diabase intrusives, and mica schists in the Piedmont physiographic province. The pre-Triassic Peters Creek Schist has the highest ranking in terms of indoor222Rn concentration. The rocks associated with the lowest indoor222Rn concentrations include coastal plain sediments, the Occoquan Granite, Falls Church Tonalite, Piney Branch Mafic and Ultramafic complex, and unnamed mafic and ultramafic inclusions, respectively. The rocks have been ranked according to observed222Rn concentration by transforming the average rank of indoor222Rn concentrations to z scores. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704086","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., Mose, D., Mushrush, G., and Chrosniak, C., 1992, Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 19, no. 3, p. 193-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704086.","startPage":"193","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704086"},{"id":225104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9715e4b08c986b31b887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mose, D.G.","contributorId":33461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mose","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushrush, G.W.","contributorId":92811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushrush","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chrosniak, C.E.","contributorId":67226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrosniak","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007930,"text":"1007930 - 1992 - Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:30:58.296361","indexId":"1007930","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Walking of the shore crab <i>Pachygrapsis crassipes</i> in its two natural environments","title":"Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Video analyses of crabs walking on smooth and rocky terrains when in air and when submerged in water were conducted. Modifications of walking in the two environments, between which the animal’s weight changes sixfold, are consistent with the goals of maximizing ease of walking and minimizing risk of injury. The duty factor (fraction of step cycle in which the dactylus is in contact with the substratum) was greater than 50 % when in air compared to less than 46&nbsp;</span><i>%</i><span>&nbsp;when submerged, indicating a need for greater stability against the destabilizing vertical force of gravity when in air. The duty factors of the trailing and leading leg rows were the same for the two terrains in air but the trailing leg row had a larger duty factor when submerged, indicating a greater pushing effort to overcome drag forces. Width of stance differed among the four conditions and was narrowest in animals walking over rocky terrain in air, the condition which has the greatest potential for injury. The mean phase difference (percentage of a step cycle by which ipsilateral legs differ) between leading and trailing rows did not differ under any condition except for submerged smooth terrain, meeting the unique requirements of that condition. The observed walking speed range had no effect on stance, duty factor or phase difference.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.165.1.213","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1992, Walking of the shore crab Pachygrapsis crassipes in its two natural environments: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 165, p. 213-227, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.165.1.213.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd4f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017002,"text":"70017002 - 1992 - Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T22:28:32.89559","indexId":"70017002","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., and Modica, E., 1992, Patterns and rates of ground-water flow on Long Island, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 6, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75bae4b0c8380cd77ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modica, Edward","contributorId":59431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017158,"text":"70017158 - 1992 - Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:23:57","indexId":"70017158","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods","docAbstract":"<p><span>To investigate whether mechanical mixing during harvesting could account for losses observed from forest floor, we measured surface disturbance on a 22 ha watershed that was whole-tree harvested. Surface soil on each 10 cm interval along 81, randomly placed transects was classified immediately after harvesting as mineral or organic, and as undisturbed, depressed, rutted, mounded, scarified, or scalped (forest floor scraped away). We quantitatively sampled these surface categories to collect soil in which preharvest forest floor might reside after harvest. Mechanically mixed mineral and organic soil horizons were readily identified. Buried forest floor under mixed mineral soil occurred in 57% of mounds with mineral surface soil. Harvesting disturbed 65% of the watershed surface and removed forest floor from 25% of the area. Mechanically mixed soil under ruts with organic or mineral surface soil, and mounds with mineral surface soil contained organic carbon and nitrogen pools significantly greater than undisturbed forest floor. Mechanical mixing into underlying mineral soil could account for the loss of forest floor observed between the preharvest condition and the second growing season after whole-tree harvesting.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Ryan, D., Huntington, T.G., and Wayne, M.C., 1992, Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 49, no. 1-2, p. 87-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":" Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest","volume":"49","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3bae4b0e8fec6cdb948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, D.F.","contributorId":43626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":375586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wayne, Martin C.","contributorId":84634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayne","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017147,"text":"70017147 - 1992 - Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T12:04:03.193128","indexId":"70017147","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Before urban development, most ground-water recharge on Long Island, New York, occurred during the dormant season, when evapotranspiration is low. The use of recharge basins for collection and disposal of urban storm runoff in Nassau County has enabled ground-water recharge to occur also during the growing season. In contrast, the use of storm sewers to route storm runoff to streams and coastal waters has resulted in a decrease in ground-water recharge during the dormant season. The net result of these two forms of urban storm-runoff control has been an increase in annual recharge of about 12 percent in areas served by recharge basins and a decrease of about 10 percent in areas where storm runoff is routed to streams and tidewater. On a countywide basis, annual ground-water recharge has remained nearly the same as under predevelopment conditions, but its distribution pattern has changed. Redistribution resulted in increased recharge in the eastern and central parts of the county, and decreased recharge in the western and nearshore areas. Model simulation of recharge indicates that the water-table altitude has increased by as much as 5 ft above predevelopment levels in areas served by recharge basins and declined by as much as 3 feet in areas where stormwater is discharged to streams and tidewater.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01526.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Ku, H., Hagelin, N., and Buxton, H., 1992, Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York: Groundwater, v. 30, no. 4, p. 507-514, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01526.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0824e4b0c8380cd519c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Henry","contributorId":26454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagelin, Nathan","contributorId":58403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagelin","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert","contributorId":26081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017196,"text":"70017196 - 1992 - Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T10:59:41","indexId":"70017196","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine were measured in a homogeneous population of high-salinity hydrothermal fluid inclusions from the Tertiary-age Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico to establish new types of evidence for the history of both the fluid and the major dissolved salts. Noble gases and halogens in fluid inclusions containing 10<sup>−10</sup>–10<sup>−9</sup> L of brine (<i>Cl= 3</i> molal) were analyzed by laser microprobe noble-gas mass spectrometry (<span class=\"small-caps\">lmngms</span>) on neutron-irradiated samples.</p><p>The concentrations of<sup>36</sup>Ar (<i>4.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup></i> molal) and<sup>84</sup>Kr<i>1.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup></i> molal) in the fluid inclusions are equal to those of fresh surface waters in equilibrium with air at approximately<i>20 ± 5</i>°. The mole ratios of<i>Br/Cl</i> (<i>1.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup></i>) and<i>I/Cl</i> (<i>1–2 × 10<sup>−6</sup></i>) are among the lowest measured in any natural waters, similar to those of modern brines formed by dissolution of Permian NaCl-bearing evaporites in southeast New Mexico.<i><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar</i> ratios (600) are twice that of air, and indicate that the fluid inclusions had excess radiogenic<sup>40</sup>Ar (<i>1.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup></i> molal) when trapped. The amount of excess<sup>40</sup>Ar appears to be too large to have been acquired with Cl by congruent dissolution of halite-bearing evaporites, and possibly too small to have been acquired with Pb by congruent dissolution of granitic basement rocks with Proterozoic K<img src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\">Ar ages.</p><p>From the<span class=\"small-caps\">lmngms</span> data, combined with published Pb and S isotope data, we infer the following sequence of events in the history of the Hansonburg MVT hydrothermal brine: (1) the brine originated as relatively dilute meteoric water, and it did not gain or lose atmospheric Ar or Kr after recharge; (2) the originally dilute fluid acquired the bulk of its Cl and sulfate in the subsurface after recharge by dissolving halite-bearing Permian? marine evaporites; (3) the high salinity brine then acquired most of its Pb and excess radiogenic<sup>40</sup>Ar from interactions with aquifer rocks other than evaporites, possibly clastic sedimentary rocks or basement rocks with Phanerozoic K<img src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\">Ar “ages”; and (4) the brine deposited fluorite without having boiled or degassed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(92)90038-W","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Irwin, J., 1992, Brine history indicated by argon, krypton, chlorine, bromine, and iodine analyses of fluid inclusions from the Mississippi Valley type lead-fluorite-barite deposits at Hansonburg, New Mexico: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 110, no. 1-4, p. 51-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90038-W.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f282e4b0c8380cd4b1f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, J.J.","contributorId":76889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017290,"text":"70017290 - 1992 - Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T12:00:14.50575","indexId":"70017290","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reduction of uranium by <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i>","title":"Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans","docAbstract":"<p>The possibility that sulfate-reducing microorganisms contribute to U(VI) reduction in sedimentary environments was investigated. U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) when washed cells of sulfate-grown <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> were suspended in a bicarbonate buffer with lactate or H2 as the electron donor. There was no U(VI) reduction in the absence of an electron donor or when the cells were killed by heat prior to the incubation. The rates of U(VI) reduction were comparable to those in respiratory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. Azide or prior exposure of the cells to air did not affect the ability of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> to reduce U(VI). Attempts to grow <i>D. desulfuricans</i> with U(VI) as the electron acceptor were unsuccessful. U(VI) reduction resulted in the extracellular precipitation of the U(IV) mineral uraninite. The presence of sulfate had no effect on the rate of U(VI) reduction. Sulfate and U(VI) were reduced simultaneously. Enzymatic reduction of U(VI) by <i>D. desulfuricans</i> was much faster than nonenzymatic reduction of U(VI) by sulfide, even when cells of <i>D. desulfuricans</i> were added to provide a potential catalytic surface for the nonenzymatic reaction. The results indicate that enzymatic U(VI) reduction by sulfate-reducing microorganisms may be responsible for the accumulation of U(IV) in sulfidogenic environments. Furthermore, since the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) precipitates uranium from solution, <i>D. desulfuricans</i> might be a useful organisms for recovering uranium from contaminated waters and waste streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Phillips, E.J., 1992, Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 850-856, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"850","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.850-856.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e7e4b0e8fec6cdba10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017150,"text":"70017150 - 1992 - Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T16:53:42.972072","indexId":"70017150","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Partitioning available energy between plants and bare soil in sparsely vegetated rangelands will allow hydrologists and others to gain a greater understanding of water use by native vegetation, especially phreatophytes. Standard methods of conducting energy budget studies result in measurements of latent and sensible heat fluxes above the plant canopy which therefore include the energy fluxes from both the canopy and the soil. One-dimensional theoretical numerical models have been proposed recently for the partitioning of energy in sparse crops. Bowen ratio and other micrometeorological data collected over phreatophytes growing in areas of shallow ground water in central Nevada were used to evaluate the feasibility of using these models, which are based on surface and within-canopy aerodynamic resistances, to determine heat and water vapor transport in sparsely vegetated rangelands. The models appear to provide reasonably good estimates of sensible heat flux from the soil and latent heat flux from the canopy. Estimates of latent heat flux from the soil were less satisfactory. Sensible heat flux from the canopy was not well predicted by the present resistance formulations. Also, estimates of total above-canopy fluxes were not satisfactory when using a single value for above-canopy bulk aerodynamic resistance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1992, Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 60, no. 3-4, p. 221-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90039-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0946e4b0c8380cd51e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70201439,"text":"wdrOK911 - 1992 - Water Resources Data, Oklahoma, Water Year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:47:36.870839","indexId":"wdrOK911","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T10:50:08","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-91-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Oklahoma, Water Year 1991","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water resources data for the 1991 water year for Oklahoma consists of records of </span><span>stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; </span><span>stage, contents, and water quality </span><span>of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. </span><span>This report </span><span>contains discharge records for 131 gaging stations; stage and contents for 30 lakes </span><span>or reservoirs; water quality for 46 gaging stations and 2 lakes. </span><span>Also included are </span><span>11 partial-record stations and 27 ground-water sites. </span><span>These data represent that </span><span>part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and </span><span>cooperating State and Federal agencies in Oklahoma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Oklahoma and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Blazs, R., Walters, D., Coffey, T., White, D., Boyle, D., and Kerestes, J., 1992, Water Resources Data, Oklahoma, Water Year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OK-91-1, xiv, 449 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOK911.","productDescription":"xiv, 449 p.","numberOfPages":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/ok-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382627,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/ok-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazs, R.L.","contributorId":27067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazs","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffey, T.E.","contributorId":51368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, D.K.","contributorId":30279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyle, D.L.","contributorId":55505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerestes, J.F.","contributorId":19219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerestes","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":27105,"text":"wri904108 - 1991 - Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:09:26.947959","indexId":"wri904108","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4108","title":"Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"An investigation of the surficial aquifer system in Dade County, begun in 1983, is part of a regional study of the aquifer system in southeastern Florida. Test drilling for lithologic samples, flow measurements during drilling, aquifer testing, and analyses of earlier data permitted delineation of the hydraulic conductivity distribution (on hydrogeologic sections), the aquifers in the system, the generalized transmissivity distribution, and interpretation of the ground-water flow system. \r\n\r\nThe surficial aquifer system, in which an unconfined ground-water flow system exists, is composed of the sediments from land surface downward to the top of a regionally extensive zone of sediments of low permeability called the intermediate confining unit. The aquifer system units, which vary in composition from clay-size sediments to cavernous limestone, are hydro stratigraphically divided into the Biscayne aquifer at the top; an intervening semiconfining unit that consists principally of clayey sand; a predominantly gray limestone aquifer in the Tamiami Formation in western and west-central Dade County; and sand or clayey sand near the base of the surficial aquifer system. The base of the surficial aquifer system ranges from a depth of about 175 to 210 feet below land surface in westernmost Dade County to greater than 270 feet in northeastern Dade County. Test drilling and aquifer-test data indicate a complex hydraulic conductivity distribution. Hydraulic conductivities of the very highly permeable zone of the Biscayne aquifer commonly exceed 10,000 feet per day; in the gray limestone aquifer, they range from 210 to 780 feet per day. \r\n\r\nTransmissivities of the surficial aquifer system vary locally but have a recognizable areal trend. Estimated values generally are about 300,000 feet squared per day or greater in nearly all of central and eastern Dade County. Transmissivity is lower to the west, decreasing to less than 75,000 feet squared per day in western Dade County. High transmissivity usually is associated with thick sections of the Fort Thompson Formation within the Biscayne aquifer. The gray limestone aquifer of the Tamiami Formation has transmissivities that range from 5,800 to 39,000 feet squared per day in western Dade County. The transition from high transmissivity to relatively low transmissivity is often only a few miles wide and coincides with the decrease in thickness of the very highly permeable Fort Thompson Formation, which marks the western boundary of the Biscayne aquifer. \r\n\r\nMore effective drainage as a result of extensive canal systems and large-scale pumping from municipal well fields has greatly altered the predevelopment flow system in eastern Dade County by: (1) eliminating or greatly reducing a seasonal and coastal ground-water ridge; (2) reducing deep circulation; (3) reducing or eliminating seasonal westward movement of ground water; (4) causing accelerated stormwater runoff and short ground-water flow paths; and (5) generally lowering the water table and inducing saltwater intrusion. Under predevelopment conditions in western Dade County, water entered the gray limestone aquifer by lateral movement from Broward and Collier Counties, and by downward seepage from The Everglades and the Biscayne aquifer, and moved southward and southeastward into Dade County to coastal discharge areas. Circulation in the Biscayne aquifer inland also was primarily to the south and southeast. In eastern Dade County, the seasonal ground-water ridge that formed under predevelopment conditions supported both easterly and westerly ground-water flow away from the ridge axis. This seasonal flow created a zone of lower dissolved solids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904108","usgsCitation":"Fish, J., and Stewart, M., 1991, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904108.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/wri904108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4108"},{"id":389208,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/wri904108_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1-11","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.79345703124999,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73876953124997,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72778320312499,\n              26.401710528707707\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              26.362342068998764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74951171874999,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703124999,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa69d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, J.E.","contributorId":101658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, M.T.","contributorId":6487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29248,"text":"wri914009 - 1991 - Major-ion and selected trace-metal chemistry of the Biscayne Aquifer, Southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:08:11.998557","indexId":"wri914009","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4009","displayTitle":"Major-Ion and Selected Trace-Metal Chemistry of the Biscayne Aquifer, Southeast Florida","title":"Major-ion and selected trace-metal chemistry of the Biscayne Aquifer, Southeast Florida","docAbstract":"The major-ion and selected trace-metal chemistry of the Biscayne aquifer was characterized as part of the Florida Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Network Program, a multiagency cooperative effort concerned with delineating baseline water quality for major aquifer systems in the State. The Biscayne aquifer is unconfined and serves as the sole source of drinking water for more than 3 million people in southeast Florida. The Biscayne aquifer consists of highly permeable interbedded limestone and sandstone of Pleistocene and Pliocene age underlying most of Dade and Broward Counties and parts of Palm Beach and Monroe Counties. The high permeability is largely caused by extensive carbonate dissolution.\r\n\r\nWater sampled from 189 wells tapping the Biscayne aquifer was predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type with some mixed types occurring in coastal areas and near major canals. Major - ion is areally uniform throughout the aquifer. According to nonparametric statistical tests of major ions and dissolved solids, the concentrations of calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, and dissolved solids increased significantly with well depth ( 0.05 significance level ), probably a result of less circulation at depth. Potassium and nitrate concentrations decreased significantly with depth. Although the source of recharge to the aquifer varies seasonally, there was no statistical difference in the concentration of major ions in pared water samples from 27 shallow wells collected during wet and dry seasons.\r\n\r\nMedian concentrations for barium, chromium, copper, lead, and manganese were below maximum or secondary maximum contaminant levels set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The median iron concentration only slightly exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level. The concentration of barium was significantly related (0.05 significance level) to calcium and bicarbonate concentration. No distinct areal pattern or vertical distribution of the selected trace metals was evident in water from the Biscayne aquifer. Sources for trace metals found in water from the Biscayne aquifer may include local contamination, well-construction techniques, canal - aquifer interactions, and natural occurrence in area soils and rock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Radell, M., and Katz, B., 1991, Major-ion and selected trace-metal chemistry of the Biscayne Aquifer, Southeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4009, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914009.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58101,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4009/wri914009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 91-4009"},{"id":124411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              25.0258840632448\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              25.0258840632448\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8046875,\n              27.916766641249065\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              27.916766641249065\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              25.0258840632448\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radell, M.J.","contributorId":95104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54658,"text":"wdrMDDE912 - 1991 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 2: Ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:40:07.5763","indexId":"wdrMDDE912","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-91-2","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1991, Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 2: Ground-water data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE912","usgsCitation":"James, R., and Smigaj, M., 1991, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 2: Ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-91-2, 566 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDE912.","productDescription":"566 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/md-de-91-2/wdrMDDE912.pdf","text":"Report","size":"122 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Water Data Report MD-DE-91-2"},{"id":181616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/md-de-91-2/wdrMDDE912_coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, 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,{"id":54657,"text":"wdrMDDE911 - 1991 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:39:39.320594","indexId":"wdrMDDE911","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-91-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-water data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE911","usgsCitation":"James, R., Hornlein, J., Simmons, R., and Strain, B., 1991, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1991, Volume 1. 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