{"pageNumber":"1762","pageRowStart":"44025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70014928,"text":"70014928 - 1991 - Structure of the collision zone between Bougainville guyot and the accretionary wedge of the New Hebrides Island arc, southwest Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T15:52:00.362836","indexId":"70014928","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the collision zone between Bougainville guyot and the accretionary wedge of the New Hebrides Island arc, southwest Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multichannel seismic reflection data show the structure that develops within an island arc-guyot collision zone. The Bougainville guyot fills the New Hebrides trench, stands about 3 km above the abyssal ocean plain, and is capped by a broad platform that is underlain by a parallel bedded sequence, probably lagoon and reef rocks. A thick debris apron made up of unconsolidated sediment underlies the unsubducted part of the lower guyot flank and possibly the subducted flank as well. The contact zone between the arc and the north and east sides of the guyot is marked by discontinuous antiforms that include reflective, thrust faulted rocks that may have been derived from the guyot. The extent of collision deformation to the arc and guyot depends in part on the contrast in compressibility and viscosity between these features. We propose that the high-drag, subcircular guyot evolves during collision into a more streamlined shape. Streamlining may be achieved by processes like: (1) bulk deformation of the guyot by thrust faulting and sediment compaction; (2) ripping away of projecting parts of the guyot and blunting sharp edges (tectonic erosion), like that formed by the limestone cap; and (3) formation of a boundary layer, between the guyot and the arc, that is made up of water-rich, mobilized units of soft sediment. We draw an analogy between some features of glacial origin and the subducted part of a guyot. If the bulk of the guyot is low strength, especially in view of the thick debris apron, then the guyot may behave like till that was overridden by a glacier and forms a drumlin, an elongated, blunt-faced, streamlined feature. Thrust faults evident in the guyot may indicate deformation that leads toward a streamlined shape and not necessarily to accretion of guyot rocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91TC00860","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Collot, J., and Geist, E., 1991, Structure of the collision zone between Bougainville guyot and the accretionary wedge of the New Hebrides Island arc, southwest Pacific: Tectonics, v. 10, no. 5, p. 887-903, https://doi.org/10.1029/91TC00860.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"903","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"southwest Pacific","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              162.42275276154066,\n              -12.021856630949301\n            ],\n            [\n              162.42275276154066,\n              -23.23794487949482\n            ],\n            [\n              174.9885822828984,\n              -23.23794487949482\n            ],\n            [\n              174.9885822828984,\n              -12.021856630949301\n            ],\n            [\n              162.42275276154066,\n              -12.021856630949301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c62e4b08c986b31d3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collot, J.-Y.","contributorId":39130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collot","given":"J.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222875,"text":"5222875 - 1991 - Flight performance, energetics and water turnover of tippler pigeons with a harness and dorsal load","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:16:14.204477","indexId":"5222875","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:13","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flight performance, energetics and water turnover of tippler pigeons with a harness and dorsal load","docAbstract":"We measured carbon dioxide production and water efflux of 12 tippler pigeons (Columba spp.) during seven experimental flights using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Prior to the experiment birds were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group flew as controls (no load or harness) on all seven flights. The other group wore a harness on two flights, a dorsal load/harness package (weighing about 5% of a bird's mass) on two flights, and they were without a load in three flights. Flight duration of pigeons with only a harness and with a dorsal load/harness package was 21 and 26% less, respectively, than the controls. Pigeons wearing a harness, or wearing a dorsal load/harness package lost water 50-90%, and 57-100% faster, respectively, than control pigeons. The mean CO2 production of pigeons wearing a harness or a load/harness package was not significantly different than pigeons without a harness or load. The small sample sizes and large variability in DLW measuremets precluded a good test of the energetic cost of flying with a harness and dorsal load.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368186","usgsCitation":"Gessaman, J., Workman, G., and Fuller, M., 1991, Flight performance, energetics and water turnover of tippler pigeons with a harness and dorsal load: Condor, v. 93, no. 3, p. 546-554, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368186.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol93/iss3/8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":194101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gessaman, J.A.","contributorId":14910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gessaman","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Workman, G.W.","contributorId":29529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223042,"text":"5223042 - 1991 - Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T09:51:11","indexId":"5223042","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction","docAbstract":"Five-hundred nineteen mammals were reported dead at cyanide-extraction gold mines in Arizona [USA], California, and Nevada from 1984 through 1989. Most numerous were rodents (34.9%) and bats (33.7%); 'bat' was the most often reported category among 24 species or species groups. There are an estimated 160 cyanide-extraction gold mines in these three states, and the number is increasing. Ten mammal species listed as endangered, threatened, rare, protected, or species of special concern are known to have cyanide-extraction gold mines within their geographic ranges.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Hothem, R.L., 1991, Mammal mortality at Arizona, California, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction: California Fish and Game, v. 77, no. 2, p. 61-69.","productDescription":"61-69","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222704,"text":"5222704 - 1991 - Green coloration of recently laid black-crowned night-heron eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T15:51:22.645037","indexId":"5222704","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Green coloration of recently laid black-crowned night-heron eggs","docAbstract":"Color of Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs of known laying order was quantified in a Wisconsin (USA) colony. Eggs  were of greener intensity on the day of laying and one day thereafter than earlier laid eggs within a clutch. Egg color can be used to identify clutches  within one day after clutch completion and to assign laying order within clutches during this period.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521510","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., 1991, Green coloration of recently laid black-crowned night-heron eggs: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 14, no. 2, p. 184-185, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521510.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223033,"text":"5223033 - 1991 - The characterization of axenic culture systems suitable for plant propagation and experimental studies of the submersed aquatic angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus (Sago pondweed)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T15:13:39.008246","indexId":"5223033","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The characterization of axenic culture systems suitable for plant propagation and experimental studies of the submersed aquatic angiosperm <i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i> (Sago pondweed)","title":"The characterization of axenic culture systems suitable for plant propagation and experimental studies of the submersed aquatic angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus (Sago pondweed)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Clonal lines of the submersed aquatic angiosperm</span><i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i><span>&nbsp;were grown in three culture systems. The first, which used sucrose as a carbon source in a liquid medium, supported vigorous vegetative growth and can be used to propagate large numbers of plants in axenic conditions. In this culture system, plants were responsive to increasings photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) photon flux density (PFD) and were photosynthetically competent. However, their growth was heterotrophic and root development was poor. When these plants were transferred to a second nonaxenic culture system, which used 16-1 buckets containing artificial sediments and tap water, growth was autotrophic and plants were morphologically identical to field-harvested</span><i>P. pectinatus</i><span>. The last culture system which consisted of a sand substrate and inorganic nutrient bathing solution aerated with 135 ml min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;ambient air enhanced to 3.0% CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;was axenic and supported autotrophic growth by plants that were also morphologically normal.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351982","usgsCitation":"Ailstock, M., Fleming, W.J., and Cooke, T., 1991, The characterization of axenic culture systems suitable for plant propagation and experimental studies of the submersed aquatic angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus (Sago pondweed): Estuaries, v. 14, no. 1, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351982.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ailstock, M.S.","contributorId":71288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ailstock","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, T.J.","contributorId":38251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222595,"text":"5222595 - 1991 - Growth rates of great egret, snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-19T13:34:54.531805","indexId":"5222595","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rates of great egret, snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron chicks","docAbstract":"Growth rates of Great Erget (Casmerodius albus), Snowy Erget (Egretta thula), and Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)  chicks to 18 days-of-age were estimated from repeated measurements of chicks in broods of three young.  Weight gain (g/day) or increase in length  (mm/day) of forearm, tarsus, or culmen did not between Black-crowned Night-Heron chicks at a colony in Rhode Island and a colony in Texas  (USA).  In Black-crowned night-Herons and Great Egrets, the last chick (C-chick) to hatch had lower growth rates than the first (A-) or second (B-)  hatched chick.  Black-crowned Night-Heron and Great Egret A-chicks gained weight faster than Snowy Egret A-chicks; however growth rates of the  forearm, tarsus, or culmen each were not different among the three species.  Equations based on the growth rate of culmen, forearm, or tarsus for  repeatedly measured A-chicks estimated age of Great Egret, Snowy Egret, and Black-crowned Night-Heron chicks collected elsewhere to within two days of known age.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521278","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Peterson, D., 1991, Growth rates of great egret, snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron chicks: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 14, no. 1, p. 46-50, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521278.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D.W. Jr.","contributorId":19662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223368,"text":"5223368 - 1991 - A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:15:04","indexId":"5223368","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments","docAbstract":"A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments was developed and constructed from a fused-glass air stone attached with aquarium airline tubing to a 30 or 60 cc polypropylene syringe. Pore water is extracted by inserting the air stone into the sediment and creating a vacuum by retracting and bracing the syringe plunger. A hand-operated vacuum pump attached to a filtration flask was also evaluated as an alternative vacuum source. The volume and time to extract pore water varies with the number of devices and the sediment particle size. Extraction time is longer for fine sediments than for sandy sediments. Four liters of sediment generally yield between 500 and 1,500 mL of pore water. The sediment that surrounds and accumulates on the air stone acts as a filter, and, except for the first few milliliters, the collected pore water is clear. Because there is no exposure to air or avenue for escape, volatile compounds andin situ characteristics are retained in the extracted pore water.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055353","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., and Lasier, P.J., 1991, A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 321-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055353.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winger, Parley V.","contributorId":27983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"Parley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasier, Peter J.","contributorId":6178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222774,"text":"5222774 - 1991 - Effects of dietary boron and arsenic on the behavior of mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T17:56:37.388549","indexId":"5222774","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary boron and arsenic on the behavior of mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"<p><span>High concentrations of boron and arsenic have been associated with irrigation drain water and aquatic plants consumed by waterfowl. Both compounds affect the central nervous system and cause generalized physiological distress in mammals and waterfowl. We examined sublethal effects of boron and arsenic on the behavior of developing mallard ducklings&nbsp;</span><i>(Anas platyrhynchos).</i><span>&nbsp;Day-old ducklings received an untreated diet (control) or a diet containing 100, 400, or 1,600 ppm boron, added as boric acid, or 30, 100, or 300 ppm arsenic, added as sodium arsenate. Activity schedules and behavior durations were analyzed for effects at the various treatment levels. Both boron and arsenic at the highest levels had significant effects on the activity schedules of developing ducklings, including increased time at rest and under the provided heat lamp. We also observed decreases in the amount of time treated ducklings spent in alert behaviors and in the water in comparison to control ducklings. High levels of boron (1,600 ppm) increased feeding time overall but did not increase the amount of food consumed. Arsenic had no effect on feeding behavior. There were no differences found in the durations of behaviors as a result of treatment. These findings, in combination with reported effects on the growth and physiology of ducklings under identical treatments, suggest that reported concentrations of these compounds in aquatic plants in the Central Valley of California could adversely affect normal duckling development and survival.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620100707","usgsCitation":"Whitworth, M., Pendleton, G., Hoffman, D.J., and Camardese, M., 1991, Effects of dietary boron and arsenic on the behavior of mallard ducklings: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 10, no. 7, p. 911-916, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620100707.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitworth, M.R.","contributorId":63119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222866,"text":"5222866 - 1991 - Extensive monitoring programmes viewed as long-term population studies: The case of North American waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:30:41.155686","indexId":"5222866","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensive monitoring programmes viewed as long-term population studies: The case of North American waterfowl","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several long-running and geographically extensive survey programmes provide information used to make annual management decisions for North American waterfowl populations. Data from these programmes can also be viewed as resulting from long-term population studies and have formed the basis for a number of retrospective analyses. Short-term studies have been used to investigate mechanisms underlying results of the retrospective analyses. Results of the long-term and short-term studies complement each other nicely and have led to many useful inferences about North American waterfowl population dynamics. However, important questions remain unanswered, and it is suggested that many of these could best be addressed using an experimental approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb07672.x","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 1991, Extensive monitoring programmes viewed as long-term population studies: The case of North American waterfowl: Ibis, v. 133, no. Supplement 1, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb07672.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222979,"text":"5222979 - 1991 - Postfledging survival and recruitment of known-origin roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-19T13:39:08.603457","indexId":"5222979","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postfledging survival and recruitment of known-origin roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut","docAbstract":"From 1981-1990, 166 (10.1%) of 1636 Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks banded from 1978-1985 at Falkner Island, Connecticut, [USA] and 68 (1.0%) of 6904 chicks banded during the same time period at all other colony sites in Connecticut, New York, and Massachusetts, were recaptured as breeding adults at Falkner Island. An analysis of the recapture data of the natal-site recruits resulted in an estimated average survival-and-return rate of 14.7% for the 3-yr period from fledging to first breeding. Assuming a 10% 'permanent' emigration rate of surviving young to other colony sites, the overall prebreeding survival or maturation rate to age 3 of all fledglings raised at Falkner Island from 1978-1985 was estimated to be about 16%. The 1636 chicks banded at Falkner Island comprised only 19.7% of the total of 8540 chicks banded in the three-state area, but the 166 adults that returned to their natal colony site accounted for 71.4% of the 234 known-age survivors from the 1978-1985 cohorts that had nested at Falkner Island through 1990. The recapture as adults of birds first banded as chicks provides an estimate of the maximum degree to which the breeding population at this site was sustained by natal-site recruitment. The capture of a large number of unbanded birds and birds banded as adults elsewhere indicates, however, that about two-thirds of the recent additions to the Roseate Tern breeding population at Falkner Island were immigrants recruited from other colony sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521498","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., 1991, Postfledging survival and recruitment of known-origin roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 14, no. 2, p. 108-115, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521498.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Falkner Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.65826536792147,\n              41.215560519131884\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.65826536792147,\n              41.20939427740953\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.64933897631953,\n              41.20939427740953\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.64933897631953,\n              41.215560519131884\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.65826536792147,\n              41.215560519131884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222708,"text":"5222708 - 1991 - Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T00:19:31.060261","indexId":"5222708","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas","docAbstract":"Organochlorine pesticides have been found in Arctic fish, marine mammals, birds, and plankton for some time.  The lack of local sources and remoteness of the region imply long-range transport and deposition of contaminants into the Arctic from sources to the south.  While on the third Soviet-American Joint Ecological Expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas (August 1988), high-volume air samples were taken and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides.  Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated camphenes, and chlordane (listed in order of abundance, highest to lowest) were quantified.  The air-sea gas exchange of HCH was estimated at 18 stations during the cruise.  Average alpha-HCH concentrations in concurrent atmosphere and surface water samples were 250 pg m-3 and 2.4 ng L-1, respectively, and average gamma-HCH concentrations were 68 pg m-3 in the atmosphere and 0.6 ng L-1 in surface water.  Calculations based on experimentally derived Henry's law constants showed that the surface water was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere at most stations (alpha-HCH, average 79% saturation; gamma-HCH, average 28% saturation).  The flux for alpha-HCH ranged from -47 ng m-2 day-1 (sea to air) to 122 ng m-2 d-1 (air to sea) and averaged 25 ng m-2 d-1 air to sea.  All fluxes of gamma-HCH were from air to sea, ranged from 17 to 54 ng m-2 d-1, and averaged 31 ng m-2 d-1.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90JC02642","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, D., Bidleman, T., and Rice, C., 1991, Atmospheric organochlorine pollutants and air-sea exchange of hexachlorocyclohexane in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. C4, p. 7201-7213, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JC02642.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"7201","endPage":"7213","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agu.org/journals/jc/v096/iC04/90JC02642/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66912e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, D.A.","contributorId":29084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bidleman, T.F.","contributorId":84021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidleman","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, C.P.","contributorId":81065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016680,"text":"70016680 - 1991 - Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:26:21.714894","indexId":"70016680","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>At ocean margins where two plates converge, the oceanic plate sinks or is subducted beneath an upper one topped by a layer of terrestrial crust. This crust is constructed of continental or island arc material. The subduction process either builds juvenile masses of terrestrial crust through arc volcanism or new areas of crust through the piling up of accretionary masses (prisms) of sedimentary deposits and fragments of thicker crustal bodies scraped off the subducting lower plate. At convergent margins, terrestrial material can also bypass the accretionary prism as a result of sediment subduction, and terrestrial matter can be removed from the upper plate by processes of subduction erosion. Sediment subduction occurs where sediment remains attached to the subducting oceanic plate and underthrusts the seaward position of the upper plate's resistive buttress (backstop) of consolidated sediment and rock. Sediment subduction occurs at two types of convergent margins: type 1 margins where accretionary prisms form and type 2 margins where little net accretion takes place. At type 2 margins (∼19,000 km in global length), effectively all incoming sediment is subducted beneath the massif of basement or framework rocks forming the landward trench slope. At accreting or type 1 margins, sediment subduction begins at the seaward position of an active buttress of consolidated accretionary material that accumulated in front of a starting or core buttress of framework rocks. Where small-to-medium-sized prisms have formed (∼16,300 km), approximately 20% of the incoming sediment is skimmed off a detachment surface or decollement and frontally accreted to the active buttress. The remaining 80% subducts beneath the buttress and may either underplate older parts of the frontal body or bypass the prism entirely and underthrust the leading edge of the margin's rock framework. At margins bordered by large prisms (∼8,200 km), roughly 70% of the incoming trench floor section is subducted beneath the frontal accretionary body and its active buttress. In rounded figures the contemporary rate of solid-volume sediment subduction at convergent ocean margins (∼43,500 km) is calculated to be 1.5 km³/yr. Correcting type 1 margins for high rates of terrigenous seafloor sedimentation during the past 30 m.y. or so sets the long-term rate of sediment subduction at 1.0 km³/yr. The bulk of the subducted material is derived directly or indirectly from continental denudation. Interstitial water currently expulsed from accreted and deeply subducted sediment and recycled to the ocean basins is estimated at 0.9 km³/yr. The thinning and truncation caused by subduction erosion of the margin's framework rock and overlying sedimentary deposits have been demonstrated at many convergent margins but only off northern Japan, central Peru, and northern Chile has sufficient information been collected to determine average or long-term rates, which range from 25 to 50 km³/m.y. per kilometer of margin. A conservative long-term rate applicable to many sectors of convergent margins is 30 km³/km/m.y. If applied to the length of type 2 margins, subduction erosion removes and transports approximately 0.6 km³/yr of upper plate material to greater depths. At various places, subduction erosion also affects sectors of type 1 margins bordered by small- to medium-sized accretionary prisms (for example, Japan and Peru), thus increasing the global rate by possibly 0.5 km³/yr to a total of 1.1 km³/yr. Little information is available to assess subduction erosion at margins bordered by large accretionary prisms. Mass balance calculations allow assessments to be made of the amount of subducted sediment that bypasses the prism and underthrusts the margin's rock framework. This subcrustally subducted sediment is estimated at 0.7 km³/yr. Combined with the range of terrestrial matter removed from the margin's rock framework by subduction erosion, the global volume of subcrustally subducted material is estimated to range from 1.3 to 1.8 km³/yr. Subcrustally subducted material is either returned to the terrestrial crust by arc-related igneous processes or crustal underplating or is lost from the crust by mantle absorption. Geochemical and isotopic data support the notion that upper mantle melting returns only a small percent of the subducted material to the terrestrial crust as arc igneous rocks. Limited areal exposures of terrestrial rocks metamorphosed at deep (&gt;20–30 km) subcrustal pressures and temperatures imply that only a small fraction of subducted material is reattached via deep crustal underplating. Possibly, therefore much of the subducted terrestrial material is recycled to the mantle at a rate near 1.6 km³/yr, which is effectively equivalent to the commonly estimated rate at which the mantle adds juvenile igneous material to the Earth's layer of terrestrial rock.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91RG00969","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., and Scholl, D., 1991, Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 29, no. 3, p. 279-316, https://doi.org/10.1029/91RG00969.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, Shumagin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.0551905132251,\n              55.6277837301117\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.5116239712764,\n              54.13525573677265\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.57834311210746,\n              55.40375253480332\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.29611269478102,\n              57.13479856490234\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.64404848361454,\n              58.94375713478402\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0551905132251,\n              55.6277837301117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a70e4b0c8380cd7417d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5230225,"text":"5230225 - 1991 - Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5230225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 9","title":"Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","docAbstract":"We examined the use of 87 palustrine and lacustrine wetlands by nongame water birds in central and eastern Maine using 3,527 h of observation (1,501 visits) made during April-August, 1977-85. Wetlands used by 15 species of water birds were distinguished from those not used, according to 20 habitat features. The species were the common loon (Gavia immer) , pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), green-backed heron (Butorides striatus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), Virgima rail (Rallus limicola), sora (Porzana carolina), spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), herring gull (Larus argentatus), and belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon). Predictive models of habitat use were developed for each species. Water birds were classified by similarity of habitats used, and species use was contrasted by wetland type.  Smaller, isolated wetlands were used by fewer (P < 0.05) species than larger wetlands in complexes; many species had large area-requirements (pied-billed grebe, common loon, herring gull, double-crested cormorant, bald eagle) or preferred to use wetlands near other wetlands (common loon, herring gull, great blue heron, spotted sandpiper, osprey, bald eagle). Wetland area contributed more to overall variation in species richness on wetlands than wetland isolation, although on small wetlands (<3.6 ha) isolation was a better predictor of species richness than wetland area. Wetlands with intermediate amounts (33-66%) of emergent vegetation supported more species (P< 0.05) than closed (>66%) or open (<33%) wetlands. Low pH typified wetlands used by large-bodied piscivores (common loon, cormorant, osprey). Other water birds were associated with more densely vegetated, chemically buffered wetlands. Habitat features associated with wetland use by each waterbird species are reported, as are numerical responses of waterbird populations to wetland features and estimates of annual variation in habitat occupancy. Lacustrine wetlands supported a distinct, low diversity community of water birds, including most fish-eating species. Waterbird diversity at forested palustrine wetlands was intermediate between lacustrine communities and more species-rich assemblages at palustrine emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands. Regional variation in wetland characteristics and water bird use was associated with surficial geology, soils, and management practices. Management for nongame water birds in Maine should consider providing emergent and aquatic-bed vegetation with variable cover-to-water ratios, accommodating species-specific habitat needs, focusing on species of restricted distribution and low abundance, and maintaining wetland complexes. Bird use and habitat information from 87 wetlands and models of habitat selection for each species are provided in appendixes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., and Ringelman, J., 1991, Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine: Fish and Wildlife Research No. 9, iii, 57.","productDescription":"iii, 57","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210499,"text":"5210499 - 1991 - Contaminants in drainage water and avian risk thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210499","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contaminants in drainage water and avian risk thresholds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston","usgsCitation":"Skorupa, J.P., and Ohlendorf, H.M., 1991, Contaminants in drainage water and avian risk thresholds, chap. <i>of</i> The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture, p. 345-368.","productDescription":"xvii, 946","startPage":"345","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a204","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dinar, A.","contributorId":111460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506552,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zilberman, D.","contributorId":111800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zilberman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506553,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Skorupa, J. P.","contributorId":93002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skorupa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210559,"text":"5210559 - 1991 - Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210559","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Moorhead, D., Hodges, J., and Reinecke, K.J., 1991, Silvicultural options for waterfowl management in bottomland hardwood stands and greentree reservoirs, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, p. 710-721.","productDescription":"xii, 868","startPage":"710","endPage":"721","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3ae6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coleman, S.S.","contributorId":112663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neary, D. G.","contributorId":112363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neary","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moorhead, D.J.","contributorId":20869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorhead","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, J.D.","contributorId":44643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200192,"text":"5200192 - 1991 - Colonial Waterbird Information Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T19:37:20.232675","indexId":"5200192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Colonial Waterbird Information Service","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colonial Waterbird Society in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Hanners, L.A., Kinkel, L.K., and Clapp, R.B., 1991, Colonial Waterbird Information Service, 124 p.","productDescription":"124 p","numberOfPages":"124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanners, L. A.","contributorId":12585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanners","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinkel, L. K.","contributorId":25260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039452,"text":"70039452 - 1991 - Earth Science Information Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T11:32:28","indexId":"70039452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Earth Science Information Center","docAbstract":"An ESIC? An Earth Science Information Center. Don't spell it. Say it. ESIC. It rhymes with seasick. You can find information in an information center, of course, and you'll find earth science information in an ESIC. That means information about the land that is the Earth, the land that is below the Earth, and in some instances, the space surrounding the Earth. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of Earth Science Information Centers that sell earth science products and data. There are more than 75 ESIC's. Some are operated by the USGS, but most are in other State or Federal agencies. Each ESIC responds to requests for information received by telephone, letter, or personal visit. Your personal visit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039452","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Earth Science Information Center, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039452.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261586,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039452/report.pdf"},{"id":261587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039452/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0496e4b0c8380cd50a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039498,"text":"70039498 - 1991 - FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039498","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T09:55:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":358,"text":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","docAbstract":"The FOLD data base lists all Landsat scenes held by participating agencies. Duplicate scene listings are maintained when more than one agency holds identical scenes; this permits the user to select the most convenient site to obtain a copy. Copies of the listing are distributed by EDC to contributing agencies and other selected offices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","doi":"10.3133/70039498","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991: FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, vii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039498.","productDescription":"vii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"279","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261628,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report.pdf"},{"id":261629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7be4b0c8380cd5349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015034,"text":"70015034 - 1991 - Remote estimation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient in a moderately turbid estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:25:06.941279","indexId":"70015034","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote estimation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient in a moderately turbid estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solutions of the radiative transfer equation are used to derive relationships of water reflectance to the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K) in moderately turbid water (K &gt; 0.5 m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Data sets collected from the NOAA AVHRR and&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;observations from five different dates confirm the appropriateness of these relationships, in particular the logistic equation. Values of K calculated from the reflectance data agree to within 60% of the observed values, although the reflectance derived using a more comprehensive aerosol correction is sensitive to chlorophyll concentrations greater than 50 μg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Agreement between&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;and remote observations improves as the time interval between samples is narrowed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(91)90088-N","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Stumpf, R.P., and Pennock, J., 1991, Remote estimation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient in a moderately turbid estuary: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 38, no. 3, p. 183-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(91)90088-N.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"191","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6eae4b0c8380cd850f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennock, J.R.","contributorId":92433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennock","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016482,"text":"70016482 - 1991 - Pliocene-Pleistocene coastal events and history along the western margin of Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T16:35:16.076486","indexId":"70016482","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene-Pleistocene coastal events and history along the western margin of Australia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal deposits along the western coastal margin of Australia, a region of relative tectonic stability, record Plio-Pleistocene events and processes affecting the inner shelf and adjacent hinterland. Tectonic deformation of these deposits is more apparent in the Carnarvon Basin, and rather less so in the Perth Basin. The most complete record comes from the Perth Basin, where units of Pliocene and Pleistocene ages are well represented. In the Perth Basin, the predominantly siliciclastic Yoganup Formation, Ascot Formation and Bassendean Sand represent a complex of shoreline, inner shelf and regressive-dune facies equivalents, the deposition of which began at an undetermined stage of the Pliocene, through to the Early Pleistocene. The deposition of this sequence closed with a major regression and significant faunal extinction. Bioclastic carbonates characterize the Middle and Late Pleistocene of the Perth and Carnarvon basins. Fossil assemblages include a distinct subtropical element, unknown from the Ascot Formation and suggesting a strengthening of the Leeuwin Current. The estuarine arcoid bivalve&nbsp;</span><i>Anadara trapezia</i><span>&nbsp;characterizes assemblages of Oxygen Isotope Stages 5 and 7 in the Perth and Carnarvon basins, where it is now extinct. Deposits of Substage 5e (Perth Basin) also record a southerly expansion of warm-water corals and other fauna consistent with shelf temperatures warmer than present. New uranium-series ages on corals from marine sequences of the Tantabiddi Member, of the Bundera Calcarenite of the western Cape Range are consistent with the ‘double peak’ hypothesis for levels of Substage 5e but the evidence remains less than conclusive. Initial uranium-series dates from the Bibra and Dampier formations of Shark Bay indicate that both derive from the Late Pleistocene. These numerical ages contradict previous interpretations of relative ages obtained from field studies. The age relationship of the units requires further investigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(91)90005-F","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kendrick, G., Wyrwoll, K., and Szabo, B.J., 1991, Pliocene-Pleistocene coastal events and history along the western margin of Australia: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, no. 5, p. 419-439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90005-F.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              112.54916381403763,\n              -21.52574114049912\n            ],\n            [\n              112.54916381403763,\n              -27.70568117374588\n            ],\n            [\n              118.38505899393272,\n              -27.70568117374588\n            ],\n            [\n              118.38505899393272,\n              -21.52574114049912\n            ],\n            [\n              112.54916381403763,\n              -21.52574114049912\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c83e4b0c8380cd79a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendrick, G.W.","contributorId":53240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyrwoll, K.-H.","contributorId":6725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyrwoll","given":"K.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016451,"text":"70016451 - 1991 - Geohydrologic, geochemical, and geologic controls on the occurrence of radon in ground water near Conifer, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T17:51:38.032857","indexId":"70016451","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic, geochemical, and geologic controls on the occurrence of radon in ground water near Conifer, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Integrated studies of geohydrology, geochemistry, and geology of crystalline rocks in the vicinity of Conifer, Colorado, reveal that radon concentrations do not correlate with variations in concentrations of other dissolved species. Concentrations of major ions show systematic variations along selected groundwater flowpaths, whereas radon concentrations are dependent on local geochemical and geologic phenomena (such as localized uranium concentration in the rock or the presence of faults or folds). When radon enters the flow system, concentrations do not increase along flowpaths because its decay rate is fast relative to groundwater flow rates. Radon-222 is not in secular equilibrium with&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U and&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra in the water. Therefore, most of the&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U and&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra necessary to support the waterborne&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn must be present locally in the rock. High concentrations of dissolved radon are not found in zones of high transmissivity, and transmissivity is not correlated with rock type in the study area. A higher transmissivity can be indicative of higher water-volume to rock-surface-area ratios, which could effectively dilute&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn entering the water and/or may indicate that emanated radon is carried away more rapidly. Water samples collected from individual wells over periods of several months showed significant fluctuations in the dissolved&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn content. This fluctuation may be controlled by changes in the contributions of water-producing zones within the well resulting from seasonal fluctuations of the water table and/or pumping stresses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90123-Y","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, E., Poeter, E., and Wanty, R., 1991, Geohydrologic, geochemical, and geologic controls on the occurrence of radon in ground water near Conifer, Colorado, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 127, no. 1-4, p. 367-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90123-Y.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"386","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Conifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.33132774321649,\n              39.53934781770843\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.33132774321649,\n              39.51702083170514\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.29488025665746,\n              39.51702083170514\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.29488025665746,\n              39.53934781770843\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.33132774321649,\n              39.53934781770843\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17c8e4b0c8380cd555d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, E.","contributorId":80425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E.","contributorId":48708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":99300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016790,"text":"70016790 - 1991 - Detectability of the effects of a hypothetical temperature increase on the Thornthwaite moisture index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T17:40:26.33029","indexId":"70016790","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability of the effects of a hypothetical temperature increase on the Thornthwaite moisture index","docAbstract":"<p><span>Climatic changes that result from increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide may affect the availability of water for vegetation, groundwater recharge, runoff, and human consumption. Most studies of the effects of climatic change on water resources focus on changes in mean characteristics of hydrologic variables and do not consider the effects of these changes amid natural climatic variability. In this study, the Thornthwaite moisture index, an index of the supply of water in an area (precipitation) relative to the climatic demand for water (potential evapotranspiration), was used to examine the effects of a hypothetical increase in air temperature on moisture conditions in the United States. The effects of a gradual increase in air temperature at the rate of 4°C per 100 years, with no accompanying change in precipitation, was used to induce a change in Thornthwaite moisture index values for the United States in order to: (i) determine the relation between natural variability in climate and the time needed for significant trends in the moisture index to occur in response to hypothetical warming; (ii) identify the characteristics of areas (e.g. wet/cool, hot/dry etc.) that are most likely to be the first to experience significant changes in the moisture index given the hypothetical temperature increase.</span></p><p><span>The increased temperature resulted in increased potential evapotranspiration and a decrease in the moisture index across the United States. Decreases in the moisture index were greatest in cool/wet regions and least in hot/dry regions. The time required to detect significant trends in the moisture index was a function of both the magnitude of change in the moisture index and the natural year-to-year variability of the moisture index. In general, when the ratio of the magnitude of change in the moisture index to the magnitude of variability was large, the time required to detect significant trends was short. This ratio was largest in cool/wet regions resulting in the shortest detection times.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90081-R","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Wolock, D., 1991, Detectability of the effects of a hypothetical temperature increase on the Thornthwaite moisture index: Journal of Hydrology, v. 125, no. 1-2, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90081-R.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              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J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016830,"text":"70016830 - 1991 - Hydrogeologic inferences from drillers' logs and from gravity and resistivity surveys in the Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T17:25:38.892387","indexId":"70016830","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic inferences from drillers' logs and from gravity and resistivity surveys in the Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada, in the Basin and Range province, is hydraulically downgradient from Yucca Mountain, the potential site of a repository for high-level nuclear waste. Groundwater flow paths and flow rates beneath the Amargosa Desert are controlled in part by the total saturated thickness and the hydraulic properties of basin-fill alluvial sediments. Drillers' logs of water wells completed in alluvium were analyzed to help characterize the hydrogeologic framework underlying the Amargosa Desert. Fractions of coarse-grained sediments, calculated from each of these logs, were contoured using a universal-kriging routine to interpolate values. Results from a previous electrical sounding survey also were contoured, including the estimated depth to Paleozoic (?) basement rocks. The vertical electric sounding results were obtained from individual depth-to-resistivity profiles, from which the average resistivity of the total profile and the resistivity of the upper 75 m were calculated. The distribution and variations in average resistivity of the total depth correlated reasonably well with the distribution of variations in regional gravity. Patterns of contours of the resistivity of the upper 75 m of alluvium were similar to patterns of regional contours of the predominant cation (sodium) in ground water. Gravity lows correspond in some places to the presence of lacustrine, eolian, or marsh surface deposits, which may function as barriers to groundwater flow. Gravity lows also correspond to areas with thick basin-fill sediments, which was corroborated by depth-to-basement data determined from vertical electric soundings. Depths to Paleozoic (?) basement rocks may be as much as 1600 m based on data from the resistivity survey, which were corroborated in part by seismic-refraction survey data. Small variations exist in the percentage of the basin fill that is saturated. The unsaturated zone is always &lt; 15% of the alluvial column. Analysis of depth-to-water and hydrochemical data, in conjunction with average resistivity data for the upper 75 m of alluvium, suggest a hydrologic barrier near the center of the Amargosa Desert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90010-F","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Oatfield, W.J., and Czarnecki, J., 1991, Hydrogeologic inferences from drillers' logs and from gravity and resistivity surveys in the Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada: Journal of Hydrology, v. 124, no. 1-2, p. 131-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90010-F.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.66677406563883,\n              36.77913498918501\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.66677406563883,\n              36.35692916698059\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19501460556401,\n              36.35692916698059\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19501460556401,\n              36.77913498918501\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.66677406563883,\n              36.77913498918501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33e8e4b0c8380cd5f376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oatfield, W. J.","contributorId":34531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oatfield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czarnecki, J.B.","contributorId":51768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016390,"text":"70016390 - 1991 - Effects of wetlands creation on groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T17:46:31.681606","indexId":"70016390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wetlands creation on groundwater flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in groundwater flow were observed near four Experimental Wetland Areas (EWAs) constructed along a reach of the Des Plaines River in northeastern Illinois. These changes were observed during monthly monitoring of groundwater elevation in nested piezometers and shallow observation wells before and after the wetlands were filled with water. A numerical model was calibrated with observed data and used to estimate seepage from the wetlands into the Des Plaines River.</span></p><p><span>After the wetlands became operational, groundwater levels in adjacent wells increased by about 0.5m, while water levels in wells distant from the wetlands decreased. The increase in groundwater levels near the wetlands is a result of seepage from the wetlands. Numerical predictions of seepage from the wetlands are 60–150 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;day<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;for two wetlands situated over sand and gravel and less than 1 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;day<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;for two wetlands situated over clayey till. The difference in seepage rates is attributed to two factors. First, the hydraulic conductivity of the sand and gravel unit is greater than that of the till, and thus there is less mounding and a greater capacity for transmitting water beneath the wetlands overlying this deposit. Secondly, the wetlands located over till are groundwater flow-through ponds, whereas the wetlands over the sand and gravel are primarily groundwater recharge areas.</span></p><p><span>The model was used to estimate that seepage from the wetlands will double groundwater discharge into the Des Plaines River and a tributary relative to pre-operational discharge from the study area. Overall, the wetlands have acted as a constant head boundary, stabilizing groundwater flow patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90161-A","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hensel, B., and Miller, M., 1991, Effects of wetlands creation on groundwater flow: Journal of Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 293-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90161-A.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"314","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.40451297304003,\n              41.655774271771435\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.40451297304003,\n              41.286983415428296\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.03797076571307,\n              41.286983415428296\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.03797076571307,\n              41.655774271771435\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.40451297304003,\n              41.655774271771435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0841e4b0c8380cd51a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M.V.","contributorId":78474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016523,"text":"70016523 - 1991 - Stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Pliocene deposits of Karaginsky Island, eastern Kamchatka, U.S.S.R.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T16:29:06.157176","indexId":"70016523","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Pliocene deposits of Karaginsky Island, eastern Kamchatka, U.S.S.R.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lithology and paleontology of Pliocene deposits from Karaginsky Island, off eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, U.S.S.R., are described in order to provide a paleoceanographic reconstruction of this region of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The stratigraphic sequence is divided into three suites — the Limimtevayamian, the Ust-Limimtevayamian, and the Tusatuvayamian, which correspond to three standard Pacific diatom zones — the&nbsp;</span><i>Thalassiosira oestrupii, Neodenticula koizumi-N. kamtschatica</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>N. koizumi</i><span>. The entire sequence is further subdivided into six members and 18 distinct beds on the basis of molluscan assemblages and three members and seven beds on the basis of benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Marine ostracodes are described from the Limimtevayamian suite.</span></p><p><span>The marine invertebrate assemblages from Karaginsky Island provide evidence that: (1) ocean water temperatures were warmer than today about 4 Ma and again about 3.5-3.0 Ma; (2) several Arctic-Atlantic species of molluscs and ostracodes migrated to the eastern North Pacific between 4.2−3.0 Ma, presumably through the proto-Bering Strait; (3) many species found in the Karaginsky Island Pliocene represent Pacific taxa which migrated through the Arctic into the North Atlantic during the late Pliocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(91)90022-M","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Gladenkov, Y.B., Barinov, K., Basilian, A., and Cronin, T.M., 1991, Stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Pliocene deposits of Karaginsky Island, eastern Kamchatka, U.S.S.R.: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, no. 2-3, p. 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90022-M.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"eastern Kamchatka, Karaginsky Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              163.33566512832124,\n              59.41468623521689\n            ],\n            [\n              163.33566512832124,\n              58.39901776965269\n            ],\n            [\n              165.16166989627948,\n              58.39901776965269\n            ],\n            [\n              165.16166989627948,\n              59.41468623521689\n            ],\n            [\n              163.33566512832124,\n              59.41468623521689\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99ade4b08c986b31c548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladenkov, Yu. B.","contributorId":8619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladenkov","given":"Yu.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barinov, K.B.","contributorId":39527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barinov","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Basilian, A.E.","contributorId":55967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basilian","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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