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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111098","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F.D., and Skrobialowski, S.C., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for sample collection in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, 2010: Sampling methods for water, sediment, benthic invertebrates, and microorganisms in coastal environments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1098, viii, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111098.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1098.gif"},{"id":392465,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95210.htm"},{"id":204779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61221a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrobialowski, Stanley C. 0000-0001-8627-0279 sski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0279","contributorId":1402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrobialowski","given":"Stanley","email":"sski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99278,"text":"fs20113056 - 2011 - Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:41:15","indexId":"fs20113056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3056","title":"Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin","docAbstract":"Amphibians are a diverse group of animals that includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. They are adapted to living in a variety of habitats, but most require water for at least one life stage. Amphibians have recently become a worldwide conservation concern because of declines and extinctions even in remote protected areas previously thought to be safe from the pressures of habitat loss and degradation. Amphibians are an important part of ecosystem dynamics because they can be quite abundant and serve both as a predator of smaller organisms and as prey to a suite of vertebrate predators. Their permeable skin and aquatic life history also make them useful as indicators of ecosystem health. Since 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey has been studying the frog and toad species inhabiting the Atchafalaya Basin to monitor for population declines and to better understand how the species are potentially affected by disease, environmental contaminants, and climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113056","usgsCitation":"Waddle, H., 2011, Amphibian monitoring in the Atchafalaya Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3056, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113056.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3056.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20231628417969,\n 29.45095858783464\n ],\n [\n -91.03477478027344,\n 29.76020487319709\n ],\n [\n -91.07803344726562,\n 29.91744738134912\n ],\n [\n -91.13365173339844,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -91.23184204101562,\n 30.141564433484245\n ],\n [\n -91.52091979980469,\n 30.49838443460377\n ],\n [\n -91.72416687011719,\n 30.873350889341463\n ],\n [\n -91.65138244628906,\n 31.047639650542493\n ],\n [\n -91.72691345214844,\n 31.058816234869845\n ],\n [\n -91.72142028808594,\n 31.07234402771503\n ],\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 31.087045967727317\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 31.10174563355067\n ],\n [\n -91.70768737792969,\n 31.11232798442006\n ],\n [\n -91.71455383300781,\n 31.117030872885582\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 31.139366410772183\n ],\n [\n -91.71043395996094,\n 31.156408414557\n ],\n [\n -91.86149597167969,\n 31.144067959181374\n ],\n [\n -91.90406799316406,\n 31.12996261467074\n ],\n [\n -91.94114685058594,\n 30.97231057216355\n ],\n [\n -91.94526672363281,\n 30.888083515609047\n ],\n [\n -91.93702697753906,\n 30.743016025803318\n ],\n [\n -91.92878723144531,\n 30.56758209727092\n ],\n [\n -91.87934875488281,\n 30.24839093066276\n ],\n [\n -91.83540344238281,\n 30.170062829919026\n ],\n [\n -91.75712585449219,\n 29.935300175389155\n ],\n [\n -91.70631408691406,\n 29.885899621696247\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n 29.83230508134241\n ],\n [\n -91.73652648925781,\n 29.75305160846185\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 29.736358672141947\n ],\n [\n -91.63421630859374,\n 29.742916942840562\n ],\n [\n -91.61911010742188,\n 29.73397374010606\n ],\n [\n -91.65000915527342,\n 29.635545914466675\n ],\n [\n -91.56829833984375,\n 29.6385299915468\n ],\n [\n -91.55731201171875,\n 29.634949088440198\n ],\n [\n -91.53053283691406,\n 29.554942428835226\n ],\n [\n -91.54289245605469,\n 29.527462833135317\n ],\n [\n -91.47010803222655,\n 29.540606180339232\n ],\n [\n -91.48727416992188,\n 29.5232805008286\n ],\n [\n -91.47560119628906,\n 29.50236624615108\n ],\n [\n -91.4234161376953,\n 29.48622944038446\n ],\n [\n -91.37397766113281,\n 29.501171015368538\n ],\n [\n -91.35337829589842,\n 29.42823527382008\n ],\n [\n -91.33071899414062,\n 29.385166630602114\n ],\n [\n -91.27029418945312,\n 29.411488525318664\n ],\n [\n -91.20231628417969,\n 29.45095858783464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133 waddleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":2911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Hardin","email":"waddleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99281,"text":"sir20115039 - 2011 - Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"sir20115039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5039","title":"Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Debris flows resulting from rainfall on recently burned, rugged, forested areas create potential hazards to life, property, infrastructure, and water resources. The location, extent, and severity of wildfire and the subsequent rainfall intensity and duration cannot be known in advance. However, hypothetical scenarios based on empirical debris-flow models are useful planning tools for conceptualizing potential postwildfire effects. A prewildfire study to determine the potential for postwildfire debris flows in the upper Blue River watershed in Summit County, Colorado, was conducted in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, to provide Breckenridge with a relative measure of which subwatersheds might constitute the most serious debris-flow hazards. \nPotential postwildfire debris-flow probabilities and volumes for nine primary watersheds tributary to the upper Blue River and 50 subwatersheds located within and adjacent to the primary watersheds were estimated by using empirical debris-flow models. An assumption in the debris-flow models was that a moderate to severe wildfire affected 100 percent of the forest and shrub stands within the area. Three postwildfire precipitation scenarios were used to represent a range of likely precipitation scenarios that could occur shortly after a wildfire: a 2-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; a 10-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall; and a 25-year recurrence, 1-hour-duration rainfall. All of these precipitation scenarios resulted in debris flows from the hypothetically burned watersheds. \nSubwatersheds with the lowest postwildfire debris-flow probabilities tended to have large areas of alpine and subalpine vegetation or sparse forest cover that would be minimally affected by wildfire. Subwatersheds with the highest probabilities tended to be steep, heavily forested, and relatively small in drainage area. Subwatersheds with the smallest estimated postwildfire debris-flow volumes tended to have small drainage areas, relatively little forest cover, less rugged topography, or were located in alpine and subalpine areas. Subwatersheds with the highest estimated debris-flow volumes were those with the largest drainage areas.\nThe subwatersheds with the greatest potential postwildfire and postprecipitation hazards are those with both high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence and large estimated volumes of debris-flow material. The high probabilities of postwildfire debris flows, the associated large estimated debris-flow volumes, and the densely populated areas along the creeks and near the outlets of the primary watersheds indicate that Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Spruce Creeks are associated with a relatively high combined debris-flow hazard.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Breckenridge, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Flynn, J.L., Bossong, C.R., and Char, S.J., 2011, Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows, a prewildfire evaluation for the upper Blue River watershed, Summit County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5039, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115039.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5039.bmp"},{"id":14681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.11777777777777,39.38333333333333 ], [ -106.11777777777777,39.35 ], [ -105.5,39.35 ], [ -105.5,39.38333333333333 ], [ -106.11777777777777,39.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bossong, Clifford R.","contributorId":83183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118917,"text":"70118917 - 2011 - Widespread plant species: natives vs. aliens in our changing world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T10:14:13","indexId":"70118917","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-21T10:12:54","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread plant species: natives vs. aliens in our changing world","docAbstract":"Estimates of the level of invasion for a region are traditionally based on relative numbers of native and alien species. However, alien species differ dramatically in the size of their invasive ranges. Here we present the first study to quantify the level of invasion for several regions of the world in terms of the most widely distributed plant species (natives vs. aliens). Aliens accounted for 51.3% of the 120 most widely distributed plant species in North America, 43.3% in New South Wales (Australia), 34.2% in Chile, 29.7% in Argentina, and 22.5% in the Republic of South Africa. However, Europe had only 1% of alien species among the most widespread species of the flora. Across regions, alien species relative to native species were either as well-distributed (10 comparisons) or more widely distributed (5 comparisons). These striking patterns highlight the profound contribution that widespread invasive alien plants make to floristic dominance patterns across different regions. Many of the most widespread species are alien plants, and, in particular, Europe and Asia appear as major contributors to the homogenization of the floras in the Americas. We recommend that spatial extent of invasion should be explicitly incorporated in assessments of invasibility, globalization, and risk assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishersd","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10530-011-0024-9","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Pyšek, P., Kartesz, J., Nishino, M., Pauchard, A., Winter, M., Pino, J., Richardson, D.M., Wilson, J.R., Murray, B.R., Phillips, M.L., Ming-yang, L., Celesti-Grapow, L., and Font, X., 2011, Widespread plant species: natives vs. aliens in our changing world: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1931-1944, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0024-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1931","endPage":"1944","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/112404","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291467,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0024-9"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db584ce4b0fba533fa35c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyšek, Petr","contributorId":92592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyšek","given":"Petr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kartesz, John","contributorId":11132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishino, Misako","contributorId":51224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishino","given":"Misako","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pauchard, Anibal","contributorId":61354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pauchard","given":"Anibal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winter, Marten","contributorId":57780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Marten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pino, Joan","contributorId":18692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pino","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richardson, David M.","contributorId":14565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, John R.U. 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":20063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murray, Brad R.","contributorId":89464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Phillips, Megan L.","contributorId":105652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ming-yang, Li","contributorId":102002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming-yang","given":"Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Celesti-Grapow, Laura","contributorId":28735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celesti-Grapow","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Font, Xavier","contributorId":88660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Font","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":99271,"text":"ofr20111073 - 2011 - Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20111073","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1073","title":"Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010)","docAbstract":"In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a global topographic elevation model designated as GTOPO30 at a horizontal resolution of 30 arc-seconds for the entire Earth. Because no single source of topographic information covered the entire land surface, GTOPO30 was derived from eight raster and vector sources that included a substantial amount of U.S. Defense Mapping Agency data. The quality of the elevation data in GTOPO30 varies widely; there are no spatially-referenced metadata, and the major topographic features such as ridgelines and valleys are not well represented. Despite its coarse resolution and limited attributes, GTOPO30 has been widely used for a variety of hydrological, climatological, and geomorphological applications as well as military applications, where a regional, continental, or global scale topographic model is required. These applications have ranged from delineating drainage networks and watersheds to using digital elevation data for the extraction of topographic structure and three-dimensional (3D) visualization exercises (Jenson and Domingue, 1988; Verdin and Greenlee, 1996; Lehner and others, 2008). Many of the fundamental geophysical processes active at the Earth's surface are controlled or strongly influenced by topography, thus the critical need for high-quality terrain data (Gesch, 1994). U.S. Department of Defense requirements for mission planning, geographic registration of remotely sensed imagery, terrain visualization, and map production are similarly dependent on global topographic data.\r\n\r\nSince the time GTOPO30 was completed, the availability of higher-quality elevation data over large geographic areas has improved markedly. New data sources include global Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTEDRegistered) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Canadian elevation data, and data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). Given the widespread use of GTOPO30 and the equivalent 30-arc-second DTEDRegistered level 0, the USGS and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) have collaborated to produce an enhanced replacement for GTOPO30, the Global Land One-km Base Elevation (GLOBE) model and other comparable 30-arc-second-resolution global models, using the best available data. The new model is called the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010, or GMTED2010 for short. This suite of products at three different resolutions (approximately 1,000, 500, and 250 meters) is designed to support many applications directly by providing users with generic products (for example, maximum, minimum, and median elevations) that have been derived directly from the raw input data that would not be available to the general user or would be very costly and time-consuming to produce for individual applications. The source of all the elevation data is captured in metadata for reference purposes. It is also hoped that as better data become available in the future, the GMTED2010 model will be updated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111073","usgsCitation":"Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011, Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1073, iv, 23 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111073.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1073.jpg"},{"id":204774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":3996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"daniels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99275,"text":"ofr20111123 - 2011 - Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:18:54","indexId":"ofr20111123","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1123","title":"Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010","docAbstract":"This assessment of bed-material transport uses methods developed in a previous study (Wallick and others, 2010) to estimate bed-material flux at the USGS Chetco River streamflow gaging station located at flood-plain kilometer 15 (14400000). On the basis of regressions between daily mean flow and transport capacity, daily bed-material flux was calculated for the period October 1, 2008 to March 30, 2011. The daily flux estimates were then aggregated by water year (WY) for WY 2009 and WY 2010 and the period April 1-March 31 during 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11. The main findings were: \n\n*Estimated bed-material flux for WY 2009 (October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009) was 87,300 metric tons as calculated by the Parker (1990a, b) equation (hereinafter \\'the Parker equation\\') and 116,900 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock and Crowe (2003) equation (hereinafter \\'the Wilcock-Crowe equation\\'). \n*Estimated bed-material flux for water year 2010 (October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009) was 56,800 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 96,700 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009, was 84,700 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 111,700 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. Flux values from April 1 to September 30, 2008, are from Wallick and others (2010). \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2009, to March 31, 2010, was 45,500 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 79,100 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. \n*Estimated bed-material flux for April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, was 67,100 metric tons as calculated by the Parker equation and 134,300 metric tons as calculated by the Wilcock-Crowe equation. These calculations used provisional flow data for December 29, 2010, to March 31, 2011, and may be subject to revision. \n*Water years 2009 and 2010 both had less bed-material transport than the average annual transport values of 105,300 and 152,300 metric tons for the period 1970-2010 as calculated by the Parker and Wilcock-Crowe equations, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Department of State Lands\r\n","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., and O'Connor, J., 2011, Estimation of bed-material transport in the lower Chetco River, Oregon, water years 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1123, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111123.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"21","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1123.gif"},{"id":204777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Chetco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.03679931146698\n ],\n [\n -124.1513442993164,\n 42.03679931146698\n ],\n [\n -124.1513442993164,\n 42.14125958838083\n ],\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.14125958838083\n ],\n [\n -124.30240631103514,\n 42.03679931146698\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99274,"text":"ofr20111116 - 2011 - Rapid estimation of the economic consequences of global earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T20:24:57.519343","indexId":"ofr20111116","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1116","title":"Rapid estimation of the economic consequences of global earthquakes","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, operational since mid 2007, rapidly estimates the most affected locations and the population exposure at different levels of shaking intensities. The PAGER system has significantly improved the way aid agencies determine the scale of response needed in the aftermath of an earthquake. For example, the PAGER exposure estimates provided reasonably accurate assessments of the scale and spatial extent of the damage and losses following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) in China, the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (Mw 6.3) in Italy, the 2010 Haiti earthquake (Mw 7.0), and the 2010 Chile earthquake (Mw 8.8).\r\n\r\nNevertheless, some engineering and seismological expertise is often required to digest PAGER's exposure estimate and turn it into estimated fatalities and economic losses. This has been the focus of PAGER's most recent development.\r\n\r\nWith the new loss-estimation component of the PAGER system it is now possible to produce rapid estimation of expected fatalities for global earthquakes (Jaiswal and others, 2009). While an estimate of earthquake fatalities is a fundamental indicator of potential human consequences in developing countries (for example, Iran, Pakistan, Haiti, Peru, and many others), economic consequences often drive the responses in much of the developed world (for example, New Zealand, the United States, and Chile), where the improved structural behavior of seismically resistant buildings significantly reduces earthquake casualties.\r\n\r\nRapid availability of estimates of both fatalities and economic losses can be a valuable resource. The total time needed to determine the actual scope of an earthquake disaster and to respond effectively varies from country to country. It can take days or sometimes weeks before the damage and consequences of a disaster can be understood both socially and economically. The objective of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system is to reduce this time gap to more rapidly and effectively mobilize response.\r\n\r\nWe present here a procedure to rapidly and approximately ascertain the economic impact immediately following a large earthquake anywhere in the world. In principle, the approach presented is similar to the empirical fatality estimation methodology proposed and implemented by Jaiswal and others (2009). In order to estimate economic losses, we need an assessment of the economic exposure at various levels of shaking intensity. The economic value of all the physical assets exposed at different locations in a given area is generally not known and extremely difficult to compile at a global scale. In the absence of such a dataset, we first estimate the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) exposed at each shaking intensity by multiplying the per-capita GDP of the country by the total population exposed at that shaking intensity level. We then scale the total GDP estimated at each intensity by an exposure correction factor, which is a multiplying factor to account for the disparity between wealth and/or economic assets to the annual GDP. The economic exposure obtained using this procedure is thus a proxy estimate for the economic value of the actual inventory that is exposed to the earthquake. The economic loss ratio, defined in terms of a country-specific lognormal cumulative distribution function of shaking intensity, is derived and calibrated against the losses from past earthquakes. This report describes the development of a country or region-specific economic loss ratio model using economic loss data available for global earthquakes from 1980 to 2007. The proposed model is a potential candidate for directly estimating economic losses within the currently-operating PAGER system. PAGER's other loss models use indirect methods that require substantially more data (such as building/asset inventories, vulnerabilities, and the asset values exposed at the time of earthquake) to implement on a global basis and will thus take more time to develop and implement within the PAGER system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111116","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K., and Wald, D.J., 2011, Rapid estimation of the economic consequences of global earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1116, iv, 47 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111116.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.; 2 Appendixes","costCenters":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1116.png"},{"id":204776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409813,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99273,"text":"ti2H1 - 2011 - Computational considerations for collecting and using data in the equidistant cylindrical map projection and the bounds of sampling geographic data at progressively higher resolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"ti2H1","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-H1","title":"Computational considerations for collecting and using data in the equidistant cylindrical map projection and the bounds of sampling geographic data at progressively higher resolution","docAbstract":"The Equidistant Cylindrical Map projection is popular with digital modelers and others for storing and processing worldwide data sets because of the simple association of latitude and longitude to cell values or pixels in the resulting grid. This projection does not accurately display area, and the diminished geographic area represented by cells at high latitudes is not often carefully considered. A simple mathematical analysis quantifies the discrepancy in area sampled by cells at different latitudes. The presence of this discrepancy indicates that the use of this projection can induce bias in data sets when both sampling and reporting data. It is demonstrated that as the resolution requirements of input data for models increase, the necessity of providing data to accurately describe smaller cells, particularly at high latitude, will be a challenge. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ti2H1","usgsCitation":"Foley, K.M., 2011, Computational considerations for collecting and using data in the equidistant cylindrical map projection and the bounds of sampling geographic data at progressively higher resolution: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-H1, iii, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ti2H1.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_h1.gif"},{"id":204775,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2h1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99276,"text":"ofr20101077 - 2011 - Geochemical and stable isotopic data on barren and mineralized drill core in the Devonian Popovich Formation, Screamer sector of the Betze-Post gold deposit, northern Carlin trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T21:11:15.454446","indexId":"ofr20101077","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1077","title":"Geochemical and stable isotopic data on barren and mineralized drill core in the Devonian Popovich Formation, Screamer sector of the Betze-Post gold deposit, northern Carlin trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Devonian Popovich Formation is the major host for Carlin-type gold deposits in the northern Carlin trend of Nevada. The Popovich is composed of gray to black, thin-bedded, calcareous to dolomitic mudstone and limestone deposited near the carbonate platform margin. Carlin-type gold deposits are Eocene, disseminated, auriferous pyrite deposits characterized by acid leaching, sulfidation, and silicification that are typically hosted in Paleozoic calcareous sedimentary rocks exposed in windows through siliceous sedimentary rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. The Carlin trend currently is the largest gold producer in the United States. The Screamer ore zone is a tabular body on the periphery of the huge Betze-Post gold deposit. Screamer is a good place to study both the original lithogeochemistry of the Popovich Formation and the effects of subsequent alteration and mineralization because it is below the level of supergene oxidation, mostly outside the contact metamorphic aureole of the Jurassic Goldstrike stock, has small, high-grade ore zones along fractures and Jurassic dikes, and has intervening areas with lower grade mineralization and barren rock. In 1997, prior to mining at Screamer, drill core intervals from barren and mineralized Popovich Formation were selected for geochemical and stable isotope analysis. The 332, five-foot core samples analyzed are from five holes separated by as much as 2000 feet (600 meters). The samples extend from the base of the Wispy unit up through the Planar and Soft sediment deformation units into the lower part of the upper Mud unit of the Popovich Formation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101077","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, W., Hofstra, A.H., Zohar, P.B., and Tousignant, G., 2011, Geochemical and stable isotopic data on barren and mineralized drill core in the Devonian Popovich Formation, Screamer sector of the Betze-Post gold deposit, northern Carlin trend, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1077, Report: iii, 11 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101077.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; 2 Tables","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407658,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95203.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1077.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"northern Carlin trend","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4458,\n 40.5744\n ],\n [\n -115.8958,\n 40.5744\n ],\n [\n -115.8958,\n 41.1833\n ],\n [\n -116.4458,\n 41.1833\n ],\n [\n -116.4458,\n 40.5744\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae69d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, William D.","contributorId":69688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zohar, Pamela B.","contributorId":24070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohar","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tousignant, Gilles","contributorId":24071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tousignant","given":"Gilles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157170,"text":"70157170 - 2011 - Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:41:33.343365","indexId":"70157170","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates","docAbstract":"In the last 25 years we have seen significant advancements in the use of downhole well logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrate in nature: From an early start of using wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs to identify gas hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments to today where wireline and advanced logging-while-drilling tools are routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. The most established and well known use of downhole log data in gas hydrate research is the use of electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity data (both compressional- and shear-wave data) to make estimates of gas hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. New downhole logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation resistivity log measurements have provided the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly inter-bedded and fracture dominated gas hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing have also allowed for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids (i.e., free-water along with clay and capillary bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas hydrate production schemes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 14-18 2011","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2011, Well log characterization of natural gas hydrates, in SPWLA 52nd Annual Logging Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO, May 14-18 2011, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028902","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb720e4b058f706e53fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99265,"text":"sir20115018 - 2011 - Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:47:08","indexId":"sir20115018","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5018","title":"Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone","docAbstract":"During 2008–10, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Austin, the City of Dripping Springs, the Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, the Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County, collected and analyzed water samples from five streams (Barton, Williamson, Slaughter, Bear, and Onion Creeks), two groundwater wells (Marbridge well [YD–58–50–704] and Buda well [LR–58–58–403]), and the main orifice of Barton Springs in Austin, Texas, with the objective of characterizing concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone. The Barton Springs zone is in south-central Texas, an area undergoing rapid growth in population and in land area affected by development, with associated increases in wastewater generation. Over a period of 17 months, during which the hydrologic conditions transitioned from dry to wet, samples were collected routinely from the streams, wells, and spring and, in response to storms, from the streams and spring; some or all samples were analyzed for nitrate, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, and wastewater compounds. The median nitrate concentrations in routine samples from all sites were higher in samples collected during the wet period than in samples collected during the dry period, with the greatest difference for stream samples (0.05 milligram per liter during the dry period to 0.96 milligram per liter for the wet period). Nitrate concentrations in recent (2008–10) samples were elevated relative to concentrations in historical (1990–2008) samples from streams and from Barton Springs under medium- and high-flow conditions. Recent nitrate concentrations were higher than historical concentrations at the Marbridge well but the reverse was true at the Buda well. The elevated concentrations likely are related to the cessation of dry conditions coupled with increased nitrogen loading in the contributing watersheds. An isotopic composition of nitrate (delta nitrogen–15) greater than 8 per mil in many of the samples indicated there was a contribution of nitrate with a biogenic (human and or animal waste, or both) origin. Wastewater compounds measured in routine samples were detected infrequently (3 percent of cases), and concentrations were very low (less than the method reporting level in most cases). There was no correlation between nitrate concentrations and the frequency of detection of wastewater compounds, indicating that wastewater compounds might be undergoing removal during such processes as infiltration through soil. Three potential sources of biogenic nitrate to the contributing zone were considered: septic systems, land application of treated wastewater, and domesticated dogs and cats. During 2001–10, the estimated densities of septic systems and domesticated dogs and cats (number per acre) increased in the watersheds of all five creeks, and the rate of land application of treated wastewater (gallons per day per acre) increased in the watersheds of Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks. Considering the timing and location of the increases in the three sources, septic systems were considered a likely source of increased nitrate to Bear Creek; land application of treated wastewater a likely source to Barton, Bear, and Onion Creeks; and domestic dogs and cats a potential source principally to Williamson Creek. The results of this investigation indicate that baseline water quality, in terms of nitrate, has shifted upward between 2001 and 2010, even without any direct discharges of treated wastewater to the creeks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115018","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Austin, City of Dripping Springs, Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., Herrington, C., and Sample, T.L., 2011, Recent (2008-10) concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate and concentrations of wastewater compounds in the Barton Springs zone, south-central Texas, and their potential relation to urban development in the contributing zone: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5018, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115018.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5018.gif"},{"id":115731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -97.85385131835938,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.9266357421875,\n 30.322507751454424\n ],\n [\n -97.96783447265625,\n 30.31895142366329\n ],\n [\n -98.09074401855469,\n 30.30294635121175\n ],\n [\n -98.16215515136719,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -98.21090698242188,\n 30.234154095850688\n ],\n [\n -98.23219299316406,\n 30.17599895913958\n ],\n [\n -98.14224243164062,\n 30.073253543030656\n ],\n [\n -97.88200378417969,\n 30.023921574501376\n ],\n [\n -97.73574829101562,\n 30.248984087355694\n ],\n [\n -97.76458740234375,\n 30.267370168467806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sample, Thomas L.","contributorId":24902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99264,"text":"fs20113014 - 2011 - Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"fs20113014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3014","title":"Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring","docAbstract":"Hydrologists are often asked what kind of monitoring network can most effectively support science-based water-resources management decisions. Currently (2011), hydrologic monitoring locations often are selected by addressing observation gaps in the existing network or non-science issues such as site access. A model might then be calibrated to available data and applied to a prediction of interest (regardless of how well-suited that model is for the prediction). However, modeling tools are available that can inform which locations and types of data provide the most 'bang for the buck' for a specified prediction. Put another way, the hydrologist can determine which observation data most reduce the model uncertainty around a specified prediction.\r\n\r\nAn advantage of such an approach is the maximization of limited monitoring resources because it focuses on the difference in prediction uncertainty with or without additional collection of field data. Data worth can be calculated either through the addition of new data or subtraction of existing information by reducing monitoring efforts (Beven, 1993). The latter generally is not widely requested as there is explicit recognition that the worth calculated is fundamentally dependent on the prediction specified. If a water manager needs a new prediction, the benefits of reducing the scope of a monitoring effort, based on an old prediction, may be erased by the loss of information important for the new prediction.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet focuses on the worth or value of new data collection by quantifying the reduction in prediction uncertainty achieved be adding a monitoring observation. This calculation of worth can be performed for multiple potential locations (and types) of observations, which then can be ranked for their effectiveness for reducing uncertainty around the specified prediction. This is implemented using a Bayesian approach with the PREDUNC utility in the parameter estimation software suite PEST (Doherty, 2010).\r\n\r\nThe techniques briefly described earlier are described in detail in a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report available on the Internet (Fienen and others, 2010; http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5159/). This fact sheet presents a synopsis of the techniques as applied to a synthetic model based on a model constructed using properties from the Lake Michigan Basin (Hoard, 2010).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113014","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R.J., Doherty, J.E., and Reeves, H.W., 2011, Using models for the optimization of hydrologic monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3014, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113014.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3014.jpg"},{"id":204768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99266,"text":"fs20113035 - 2011 - Nitrate concentrations and potential sources in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, Central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:44:44","indexId":"fs20113035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3035","title":"Nitrate concentrations and potential sources in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, Central Texas","docAbstract":"The area contributing recharge to Barton Springs is undergoing rapid growth, accompanied by increased generation of wastewater. This study found that nitrate, a major component of wastewater and a nutrient that can degrade water quality, has increased in Barton Springs and the creeks that provide its recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113035","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Austin, City of Dripping Springs, Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, Lower Colorado River Authority, Hays County, and Travis County","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Musgrove, M., and Herrington, C., 2011, Nitrate concentrations and potential sources in the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards aquifer and its contributing zone, Central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3035, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113035.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3035.gif"},{"id":204770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.76664733886719,\n 30.27092836721901\n ],\n [\n -97.93418884277344,\n 30.317765952378565\n ],\n [\n -98.08731079101562,\n 30.29168195585223\n ],\n [\n -98.27407836914062,\n 30.26559102073103\n ],\n [\n -98.40385437011719,\n 30.217541849095714\n ],\n [\n -98.44505310058594,\n 30.052453901811464\n ],\n [\n -98.08731079101562,\n 29.94482035606411\n ],\n [\n -97.94792175292969,\n 29.97040132622359\n ],\n [\n -97.74124145507812,\n 30.246018268082192\n ],\n [\n -97.75222778320312,\n 30.261439550638762\n ],\n [\n -97.76664733886719,\n 30.27092836721901\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99270,"text":"sir20115046 - 2011 - Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:51:26.939831","indexId":"sir20115046","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5046","title":"Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001","docAbstract":"The measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances for 1997-2001 in the Gulkana Glacier basin are determined at specific points and over the entire glacier area using the meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data. We provide descriptions of glacier geometry to aid in estimation of conventional and reference surface mass balances and descriptions of ice motion to aid in the understanding of the glacier's response to its changing geometry. These data provide annual estimates for area altitude distribution, equilibrium line altitude, and accumulation area ratio during the study interval. New determinations of historical area altitude distributions are given for 1900 and annually from 1966 to 2001. As original weather instrumentation is nearing the end of its deployment lifespan, we provide new estimates of overlap comparisons and precipitation catch efficiency.\n\nDuring 1997-2001, Gulkana Glacier showed a continued and accelerated negative mass balance trend, especially below the equilibrium line altitude where thinning was pronounced. Ice motion also slowed, which combined with the negative mass balance, resulted in glacier retreat under a warming climate. Average annual runoff augmentation by glacier shrinkage for 1997-2001 was 25 percent compared to the previous average of 13 percent, in accordance with the measured glacier volume reductions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115046","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., and O’Neel, S., 2011, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska-Mass balance, meteorology, and water measurements-1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5046, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115046.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5046.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.2999444760608\n ],\n [\n -145.5156977043993,\n 63.2999444760608\n ],\n [\n -145.5156977043993,\n 63.25130158823154\n ],\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.25130158823154\n ],\n [\n -145.33928137695307,\n 63.2999444760608\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99269,"text":"ofr20111093 - 2011 - Digital geologic map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi, Quetta, and Khuzar Divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr20111093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1093","title":"Digital geologic map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi, Quetta, and Khuzar Divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan","docAbstract":"This generalized digital geologic map of west-central Pakistan is a product of the Balochistan Coal-Basin Synthesis Study, which was part of a cooperative program of the Geological Survey of Pakistan and the United States Geological Survey. The original nondigital map was published by Maldonado and others (1998). Funding was provided by the Government of Pakistan and the United States Agency for International Development. The sources of geologic map data are primarily 1:253,440-scale geologic maps obtained from Hunting Survey Corporation (1961) and the geologic map of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex and Bagh Complex area. The geology was modified based on reconnaissance field work and photo interpretation of 1:250,000-scale Landsat Thematic Mapper photo image. The descriptions and thicknesses of map units were based on published and unpublished reports and converted to U.S. Geological Survey format. In the nomenclature of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, there is both an Urak Group and an Urak Formation. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111093","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, F., Menga, J.M., Khan, S.H., and Thomas, J., 2011, Digital geologic map and Landsat image map of parts of Loralai, Sibi, Quetta, and Khuzar Divisions, Balochistan Province, west-central Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1093, 2 Map Sheets; Map Sheet 1:63.11 inches x 49.46 inches; Map Sheet 2: 32.49 inches x 32.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111093.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets; Map Sheet 1:63.11 inches x 49.46 inches; Map Sheet 2: 32.49 inches x 32.56 inches","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1093.png"},{"id":204772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.5,29.5 ], [ 66.5,31 ], [ 68.5,31 ], [ 68.5,29.5 ], [ 66.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b419d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, Florian fmaldona@usgs.gov","contributorId":805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Florian","email":"fmaldona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menga, Jan Mohammad","contributorId":65886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menga","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mohammad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khan, Shabid Hasan","contributorId":106939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Shabid","email":"","middleInitial":"Hasan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Jean-Claude","contributorId":58307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jean-Claude","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99268,"text":"ds593 - 2011 - Suspended-sediment and suspended-sand concentrations and loads for selected streams in the Mississippi River Basin, 1940-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ds593","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"593","title":"Suspended-sediment and suspended-sand concentrations and loads for selected streams in the Mississippi River Basin, 1940-2009","docAbstract":"This report presents suspended-sediment concentration and streamflow data, describes load-estimation techniques used in the computation of annual suspended-sediment loads, and presents annual suspended-sediment loads for 48 streamgaging stations within the Mississippi River Basin. Available published, unpublished, and computed annual total suspended-sediment and suspended-sand loads are presented for water years 1940 through 2009. When previously published annual loads were not available, total suspended-sediment and sand loads were computed using available data for water years 1949 through 2009. A table of suspended-sediment concentration and daily mean streamflow data used in the computation of annual loads is presented along with a table of compiled and computed annual suspended-sediment and suspended-sand loads, annual streamflows, and flow-weighted concentrations for the 48 stations.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds593","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Cline, T.L., and Glaspie, L.M., 2011, Suspended-sediment and suspended-sand concentrations and loads for selected streams in the Mississippi River Basin, 1940-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 593, vi, 6 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds593.","productDescription":"vi, 6 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_593.jpg"},{"id":204771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/593/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,25 ], [ -120,48 ], [ -70,48 ], [ -70,25 ], [ -120,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cline, Teri L.","contributorId":80220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Teri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaspie, Lori M.","contributorId":98256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaspie","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99267,"text":"sir20115037 - 2011 - Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20115037","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5037","title":"Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009","docAbstract":"A combination of available bathymetric-survey information and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sedimentation and the occurrence of selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, cyanobacterial akinetes, and the radionuclide cesium-137 in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas. The total estimated volume and mass of bottom sediment deposited from 1977 through 2009 in the conservation (multi-purpose) pool of the reservoir was 438 million cubic feet and 18 billion pounds, respectively. The estimated sediment volume occupied about 8 percent of the conservation-pool, water-storage capacity of the reservoir. Sedimentation in the conservation pool has occurred about 70 percent faster than originally projected at the time the reservoir was completed. Water-storage capacity in the conservation pool has been lost to sedimentation at a rate of about 0.25 percent annually. Mean annual net sediment deposition since 1977 in the conservation pool of the reservoir was estimated to be 563 million pounds per year. Mean annual net sediment yield from the Clinton Lake Basin was estimated to be 1.5 million pounds per square mile per year. Typically, the bottom sediment sampled in Clinton Lake was at least 99 percent silt and clay.\n\nThe mean annual net loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus deposited in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake were estimated to be 1.29 million pounds per year and 556,000 pounds per year, respectively. The estimated mean annual net yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from the Clinton Lake Basin were 3,510 pounds per square mile per year and 1,510 pounds per square mile per year, respectively. Throughout the history of Clinton Lake, total nitrogen concentrations in the deposited sediment generally were uniform and indicated consistent inputs to the reservoir over time. Likewise, total phosphorus concentrations in the deposited sediment generally were uniform. Although, for two of three coring sites, a possible positive trend in phosphorus deposition was indicated. The Wakarusa River possibly was a larger contributor of nitrogen and phosphorus to Clinton Lake than was Rock Creek. As a principal limiting factor for primary production in most freshwater environments, phosphorus is of particular importance because increased inputs can contribute to accelerated reservoir eutrophication and the production of algal toxins and taste-and-odor compounds.\n\nTrace-element concentrations in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake generally were uniform over time. As is typical for eastern Kansas reservoirs, arsenic, chromium, and nickel concentrations typically exceeded the threshold-effects guidelines, which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects occasionally occur. Zinc concentrations frequently exceeded the threshold-effects guideline. Trace-element concentrations did not exceed the probable-effects guidelines (available for eight trace elements), which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur.\n\nCyanobacterial akinetes (cyanobacteria resting stage) in the bottom sediment of Clinton Lake, combined with historical water-quality data on chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus concentrations, indicated that the reservoir likely has been eutrophic throughout most of its history. A statistically significant increase in cyanobacterial akinetes in the bottom sediment indicated that Clinton Lake may have become more eutrophic over the life of the reservoir. The increase in cyanobacterial akinetes may, in part, be related to a possible increase in total phosphorus concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2011, Sedimentation and occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Clinton Lake, northeast Kansas, 1977-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5037, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115037.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5037.jpg"},{"id":115730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118809,"text":"70118809 - 2011 - Seeing the forest and the trees: USGS scientist links local changes to global scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:00:17","indexId":"70118809","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-16T13:29:11","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Seeing the forest and the trees: USGS scientist links local changes to global scale","docAbstract":"The recent recipient of two major awards, Craig D. Allen, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, has loved trees since childhood. He is now considered an expert of world renown on the twin phenomena of forest changes and tree mortality resulting from climate warming and drought, and in 2010 was twice recognized for his scientific contributions.
In December 2010, Dr. Allen was named a 2010 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science “for outstanding leadership in the synthesis of global forest responses to climate change, built from worldwide collaboration and a deep understanding of the environmental history of the southwestern United States.”
In March 2010, he was honored with the Meritorious Service Award from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) in recognition of his outstanding vision, initiative, and scientific contributions to the USGS, DOI, and U.S. Department of Agriculture in establishing a model science program to support adaptive land management at the new Valles Caldera National Preserve in north-central New Mexico.
Dr. Allen has authored more than 85 publications on landscape ecology and landscape change, from fire history and ecology to ecosystem responses to climate change. He has appeared on NOVA discussing fire ecology and on The Discovery Channel and Discovery Canada explaining the links between drought-induced tree mortality and climate warming, in addition to being interviewed and quoted in innumerable newspaper articles on both topics.
But how did this unassuming scientist grow from nurturing maple saplings on 40 acres in Wisconsin to understanding forest system stress worldwide?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J., and Allen, C.D., 2011, Seeing the forest and the trees: USGS scientist links local changes to global scale, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f65e4b0824b2d1477b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Jim","contributorId":10503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99263,"text":"ofr20111091 - 2011 - Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria along the Malibu, California, Coastline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr20111091","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1091","title":"Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria along the Malibu, California, Coastline","docAbstract":"Each year, over 550 million people visit California's public beaches. To protect beach-goers from exposure to waterborne disease, California state law requires water-quality monitoring for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli), at beaches having more than 50,000 yearly visitors. FIB are used to assess the microbiological quality of water because, although not typically disease causing, they are correlated with the occurrence of certain waterborne diseases. Tests show that FIB concentrations occasionally exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) public health standards for recreational water in Malibu Lagoon and at several Malibu beaches (Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2009).\r\nScientists from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) California Water Science Center are doing a study to identify the distribution and sources of FIB in coastal Malibu waters (fig. 1). The study methods were similar to those used in a study of FIB contamination on beaches in the Santa Barbara, California, area (Izbicki and others, 2009). This report describes the study approach and presents preliminary results used to evaluate the distribution and source of FIB in the Malibu area. Results of this study will help decision-makers address human health issues associated with FIB contamination in Malibu, and the methods used in this study can be used in other coastal areas affected by FIB contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111091","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Malibu","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., 2011, Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria along the Malibu, California, Coastline: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1091, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111091.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1091.jpg"},{"id":14679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":91905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236059,"text":"70236059 - 2011 - Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T16:37:51.943805","indexId":"70236059","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-14T11:34:06","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5521,"text":"Trends in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits","docAbstract":"Traits, such as resprouting, serotiny and germination by heat and smoke, are adaptive in fire-prone environments. However, plants are not adapted to fire per se but to fire regimes. Species can be threatened when humans alter the regime, often by increasing or decreasing fire frequency. Fire-adaptive traits are potentially the result of different evolutionary pathways. Distinguishing between traits that are adaptations originating in response to fire or exaptations originating in response to other factors might not always be possible. However, fire has been a factor throughout the history of land-plant evolution and is not strictly a Neogene phenomenon. Mesozoic fossils show evidence of fire-adaptive traits and, in some lineages, these might have persisted to the present as fire adaptations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.002","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Pausas, J.G., Rundel, P.W., Bond, W.J., and Bradstock, R.A., 2011, Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits: Trends in Plant Science, v. 16, no. 8, p. 406-411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"411","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/43109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":405691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":197439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99261,"text":"ofr20111045 - 2011 - The dynamics of fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T20:32:23.510399","indexId":"ofr20111045","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1045","title":"The dynamics of fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor","docAbstract":"In the fall and early winter of 2009, a demonstration project was done at Santa Cruz Harbor, California, to determine if 450 m3/day of predominantly (71 percent) mud-sized sediment could be dredged from the inner portion of the harbor and discharged to the coastal ocean without significant impacts to the beach and inner shelf. During the project, more than 7600 m3 of sediment (~5400 m3 of fine-grain material) was dredged during 17 days and discharged approximately 60 m offshore of the harbor at a depth of 2 m on the inner shelf. The U.S. Geological Survey’s Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Santa Cruz Port District to do an integrated mapping and process study to investigate the fate of the mud-sized sediment dredged from the inner portion of Santa Cruz Harbor and to determine if any of the fine-grain material settled out on the shoreline and/or inner shelf during the fall and early winter of 2009. This was done by collecting high resolution oceanographic and sediment geochemical measurements along the shoreline and on the continental shelf of northern Monterey Bay to monitor the fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor and discharged onto the inner shelf. These in place measurements, in conjunction with beach, water column, and seabed surveys, were used as boundary and calibration information for a three-dimensional numerical circulation and sediment dynamics model to better understand the fate of the fine-grain sediment dredged from Santa Cruz Harbor and the potential consequences of disposing this type of material on the beach and on the northern Monterey Bay continental shelf.
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