The water quality in estuaries and bays and the health of these coastal ecosystems are affected by sediment and nutrient loads transported by streams. Large sediment loads delivered to an estuary or bay can degrade water quality. Concentrations of suspended sediment are affected by natural conditions (such as soil erosion and streambed resuspension) and can also be affected by human activities (such as development, timber harvesting, certain agricultural practices, and hydraulic alteration). An increased sediment load delivered to an estuary or bay can reduce water clarity and light penetration (Senus and others, 2005) in the water column. Senus and others (2005, p. 1) also note that nutrients are needed to sustain life, but excess nutrient loads from human activities may cause unbalanced and unhealthy changes in water quality that are harmful to aquatic organisms. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two known nutrients of concern. Poor water quality caused by an abundance of these nutrients can stimulate the excessive growth of phytoplankton, promote algal blooms, reduce dissolved oxygen levels, and cause fish kills.
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The Columbia River population is in the millions, yet few investigations have been conducted to better understand their life history, population dynamics, or potential impacts on other species. In 2007 and 2008 we captured American shad from the Columbia River to assess levels of thiaminase activity and to characterize some aspects of American shad life history. Thiaminase levels in age-0 and adult fish were high and ranged from 4,113-20,874 pmol/g/min. Ages of spawning American shad ranged from 3-7 years and iteroparity was approximately 33-36% in the spawning population. 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Microstructure analysis can be used to construct the size-at-age growth trajectory of fish, determine daily growth rates, and estimate hatch date and other ecologically important life history events (Campana and Jones 1992, Tonkin et al. 2008). This kind of information can be incorporated into bioenergetics modeling, providing necessary data for estimating prey consumption, and guiding the development of empirically-based modeling scenarios for hypothesis testing. For example, age-0 American shad co-occur with emigrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon originating from Hanford Reach and the Snake River in the lower Columbia River reservoirs during the summer and early fall. The diet of age-0 American shad appears to overlap with that of juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Chapter 1, this report), but juvenile fall Chinook salmon are also known to feed on age-0 American shad in the reservoirs (USGS unpublished data). Abundant, energy-dense age-0 American shad may provide juvenile fall Chinook salmon opportunities for rapid growth during the time period when large numbers of age-0 American shad are available. Otolith analysis of hatch dates and the growth curve of age-0 American shad could be used to identify when eggs, larvae, and juveniles of specific size classes are temporally available as food for fall Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River reservoirs. This kind of temporally and spatially explicit life history information is important to include in bioenergetics modeling scenarios. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Society of the Sigma Xi","doi":"10.1511/2011.90.228","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., 2011, Pliocene climate lessons: American Scientist, v. 99, no. 3, p. 228-235, https://doi.org/10.1511/2011.90.228.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-028790","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583ff352e4b04fc80e437270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160547,"text":"70160547 - 2011 - Effects of dams in river networks on fish assemblages in non-impoundment sections of rivers in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-22T15:42:46","indexId":"70160547","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dams in river networks on fish assemblages in non-impoundment sections of rivers in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Regional assessment of cumulative impacts of dams on riverine fish assemblages provides resource managers essential information for dam operation, potential dam removal, river health assessment and overall ecosystem management. Such an assessment is challenging because characteristics of fish assemblages are not only affected by dams, but also influenced by natural variation and human-induced modification (in addition to dams) in thermal and flow regimes, physicochemical habitats and biological assemblages. This study evaluated the impacts of dams on river fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers in the states of Michigan and Wisconsin using multiple fish assemblage indicators and multiple approaches to distinguish the influences of dams from those of other natural and human-induced factors. We found that environmental factors that influence fish assemblages in addition to dams should be incorporated when evaluating regional effects of dams on fish assemblages. Without considering such co-influential factors, the evaluation is inadequate and potentially misleading. The role of dams alone in determining fish assemblages at a regional spatial scale is relatively small (explained less than 20% of variance) compared with the other environmental factors, such as river size, flow and thermal regimes and land uses jointly. However, our results do demonstrate that downstream and upstream dams can substantially modify fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers. After excluding river size and land-use influences, our results clearly demonstrate that dams have significant impacts on fish biotic-integrity and habitat-and-social-preference indicators. The influences of the upstream dams, downstream dams, distance to dams, and dam density differ among the fish indicators, which have different implications for maintaining river biotic integrity, protecting biodiversity and managing fisheries.
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The team met in Mesa so that they could receive briefings and tours of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) spacecraft that is being developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation in nearby Gilbert, AZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Maiersperger, T., Irons, J.R., and Woodcock, C.E., 2011, Landsat science team meeting summary: The Earth Observer, v. 23, no. 3, p. 32-35.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029157","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eospso.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/eo_pdfs/Nov_Dec_2011_col_508.pdf"},{"id":307700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18635e4b05561fa206ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maiersperger, Tom 0000-0003-3132-6997 tmaiersperger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-6997","contributorId":3693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maiersperger","given":"Tom","email":"tmaiersperger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, James R.","contributorId":59284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodcock, C. E.","contributorId":93696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodcock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156586,"text":"70156586 - 2011 - Diet of juvenile and adult American shad in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:13:33.043938","indexId":"70156586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Diet of juvenile and adult American shad in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"The diet of juvenile and adult American shad Alosa sapidissima captured from various locations in the Columbia River was investigated during 2007 and 2008. Collection efforts in 2007 were restricted to fish collected from existing adult and juvenile fish collection facilities located at Bonneville Dam and to adult shad captured by angling downstream from Bonneville Dam. In 2008, we used gillnets, electrofishing, beach seining, or cast nets to collect juvenile and adult shad from the saline estuary near Astoria (approximately river km 24) to just upstream from McNary Dam (approximately river km 472). We examined the stomach contents of 436 American shad captured in 2007 and 1,272 captured in 2008. Fish caught within the river were much more likely to contain food items than fish removed from fish collection facilities.
The diet of age-0 American shad varied spatially and temporally, but was comprised primarily of crustaceans and insects. Prey diversity of age-0 American shad, as assessed by the Shannon Diversity Index, increased with decreasing distance to the estuary. Pre- and partial-spawn American shad primarily consumed Corophium spp. throughout the Columbia River; however, post-spawn adults primarily consumed gastropods upstream of McNary Dam
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Timothy","contributorId":121430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blubaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156592,"text":"70156592 - 2011 - Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:07:48.559307","indexId":"70156592","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad","docAbstract":"Bioenergetics modeling can be used as a tool to investigate the impact of non-native age-0 American shad (Alosa sapidissima) on reservoir and estuary food webs. The model can increase our understanding of how these fish influence lower trophic levels as well as predatory fish populations that feed on juvenile salmonids. Bioenergetics modeling can be used to investigate ecological processes, evaluate alternative research hypotheses, provide decision support, and quantitative prediction. Bioenergetics modeling has proven to be extremely useful in fisheries research (Ney et al. 1993,Chips and Wahl 2008, Petersen et al. 2008). If growth and diet parameters are known, the bioenergetics model can be used to quantify the relative amount of zooplankton or insects consumed by age-0 American shad. When linked with spatial and temporal information on fish abundance, model output can guide inferential hypothesis development to demonstrate where the greatest impacts of age-0 American shad might occur.
Bioenergetics modeling is particularly useful when research questions involve multiple species and trophic levels (e.g. plankton communities). Bioenergetics models are mass-balance equations where the energy acquired from food is partitioned between maintenance costs, waste products, and growth (Winberg 1956). Specifically, the Wisconsin bioenergetics model (Hanson et al. 1997) is widely used in fisheries science. Researchers have extensively tested, reviewed, and improved on this modeling approach for over 30 years (Petersen et al. 2008). Development of a bioenergetics model for any species requires three key components: 1) determine physiological parameters for the model through laboratory experiments or incorporate data from a closely related species, 2) corroboration of the model with growth and consumption estimates from independent research, and 3) error analysis of model parameters.
Wisconsin bioenergetics models have been parameterized for many of the salmonids and predatory fishes encountered in the lower Columbia River (Petersen and Ward 1999). The Wisconsin bioenergetics model has not been developed for American shad, however Limburg (1996) parameterized a simplified bioenergetics growth model for this species. A common application for the Wisconsin bioenergetics model is to estimate the consumption or growth of a fish population under different temperature and feeding scenarios (Ney 1993). One advantage of the bioenergetics approach is that consumption can be estimated without direct field measurements of predation rate (prey·predator-1· day-1; Petersen and Ward 1999). Field estimates of fish consumption are time consuming and costly to determine, and estimates may show wide variance due to environmental and sampling variability. However, the consumption parameters used in a newly developed bioenergetics model must be verified with field and laboratory estimates of consumption (Ney 1993).
The objective of this research was to parameterize a Wisconsin bioenergetics model for age-0 American shad using published physiological data on American shad and closely related alosine species. The American shad bioenergetics model will be used as a tool to explore various hypotheses about how age-0 American shad directly and indirectly affect Columbia River salmon through ecological interactions in lower Columbia River food webs. One over-arching focus of the larger research project was to identify potential interactions between age-0 American shad and juvenile salmonids, addressing potential outcomes through bioenergetics modeling scenarios. This report contains two bioenergetics modeling applications to demonstrate how these models can be used to address management questions and direct research effort. The first modeling application uses the American shad bioenergetics model described in this report to explore prey consumption by age-0 American shad (Chapter 1, this report). Dietary data on age-0 American shad and previously published reports on the diet of juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Rondorf et al. 1990, USGS unpublished data) suggested there might be considerable dietary overlap between these species in the lower Columbia River. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was interested in using the American shad bioenergetics model to explore hypotheses concerning dietary overlap between age-0 American shad and emigrating fall Chinook salmon. The second modeling application uses the fall Chinook salmon bioenergetics model (Koehler et al. 2006) to explore the growth potential of juvenile fall Chinook salmon predating on age-0 American shad in the lower Columbia River. This modeling was based dietary information on a small number of age-0 fall Chinook salmon (n = 13) collected in John Day Reservoir in 1994 - 1996 (unpublished USGS data). Analysis of this dietary data found that these salmonids were feeding primarily on age-0 American shad (> 75% by weight).
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They are now more abundant in the Columbia River than are its native salmon. As in their native range, Columbia River American shad are anadromous and have been assumed to solely exhibit an ‘ocean-type’ life history, characterized by a short period of juvenile rearing in freshwater, followed by seaward migration and saltwater entry before age-1, with sexually mature individuals returning to freshwater to spawn beginning at age-3. During October 2007, emigrating juvenile American shad were captured in the juvenile fish monitoring facility at Bonneville Dam (river kilometer 235) on the Columbia River. Their length frequencies revealed the presence of two modes; the lower mode averaged 77 mm fork length (FL) and the upper mode averaged 184 mm FL. A subsample of fish from each mode was aged using otoliths. Otoliths from the lower mode (n=10) had no annuli, indicating that they were all age-0, while otoliths from the upper mode (n=25) had one or two annuli, indicating that they were either age-1 or age-2, respectively. Spawning adults collected in June 2007 averaged 393 mm FL (range 305-460 mm; n=21) and were estimated to range in age from 3-6. Elemental analyses of juvenile and adult otoliths provide evidence for deviations from the typical migration pattern expected for this species, including extensive freshwater rearing of up to two years. This evidence shows that a ‘freshwater-type’ of juvenile American shad exists as year-round or transient residents in the Columbia River basin. The ecological role of this life history variant within the fish community is unknown.","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70043650","usgsCitation":"Wetzel, L.A., Larsen, K.A., Parsley, M.J., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2011, Verification of a ‘freshwater-type’ life history variant of juvenile American shad in the Columbia River, 16 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70043650.","productDescription":"16 p. 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,{"id":70043647,"text":"70043647 - 2011 - Diet of juvenile and adult American Shad in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:39:47","indexId":"70043647","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Diet of juvenile and adult American Shad in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"The diet of juvenile and adult American shad Alosa sapidissima captured from various locations in the Columbia River was investigated during 2007 and 2008. Collection efforts in 2007 were restricted to fish collected from existing adult and juvenile fish collection facilities located at Bonneville Dam and to adult shad captured by angling downstream from Bonneville Dam. In 2008, we used gillnets, electrofishing, beach seining, or cast nets to collect juvenile and adult shad from the saline estuary near Astoria (approximately river km 24) to just upstream from McNary Dam (approximately river km 472). We examined the stomach contents of 436 American shad captured in 2007 and 1,272 captured in 2008. Fish caught within the river were much more likely to contain food items than fish removed from fish collection facilities.\nThe diet of age-0 American shad varied spatially and temporally, but was comprised primarily of crustaceans and insects. Prey diversity of age-0 American shad, as assessed by the Shannon Diversity Index, increased with decreasing distance to the estuary. Pre- and partial-spawn adult American shad primarily consumed Corophium spp. throughout the Columbia River; however, post-spawn adults primarily consumed gastropods upstream of McNary Dam.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impact of American shad in the Columbia River. Final Report Performance Period: May 1, 2007 – January 15, 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70043647","usgsCitation":"Sauter, S.T., Blubaugh, J.T., and Parsen, M.J., 2011, Diet of juvenile and adult American Shad in the Columbia River, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043647.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-029912","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P121252"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington ","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9540786743164,\n 45.66240680787629\n ],\n [\n -121.97896957397462,\n 45.65172832501543\n ],\n [\n -121.98343276977538,\n 45.64236798023579\n ],\n [\n -121.98652267456055,\n 45.6295249627289\n ],\n [\n -121.97948455810545,\n 45.619440531458615\n ],\n [\n -121.97467803955078,\n 45.61583850923298\n ],\n [\n -121.91820144653319,\n 45.637447171837756\n ],\n [\n -121.90120697021483,\n 45.653168239231164\n ],\n [\n -121.89228057861328,\n 45.66072718149737\n ],\n [\n -121.9094467163086,\n 45.66648569072974\n ],\n [\n -121.92781448364258,\n 45.67032436781697\n ],\n [\n -121.9540786743164,\n 45.66240680787629\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5859000ee4b03639a6025e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauter, Sally T. ssauter@usgs.gov","contributorId":2921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Sally","email":"ssauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsen, Michael J.","contributorId":176845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blubaugh, J. Timothy","contributorId":121430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blubaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043648,"text":"70043648 - 2011 - Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American Shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:53:06","indexId":"70043648","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American Shad","docAbstract":"Bioenergetics modeling can be used as a tool to investigate the impact of non-native age-0 American shad (Alosa sapidissima) on reservoir and estuary food webs. The model can increase our understanding of how these fish influence lower trophic levels as well as predatory fish populations that feed on juvenile salmonids. Bioenergetics modeling can be used to investigate ecological processes, evaluate alternative research hypotheses, provide decision support, and quantitative prediction. Bioenergetics modeling has proven to be extremely useful in fisheries research (Ney et al. 1993,Chips and Wahl 2008, Petersen et al. 2008). If growth and diet parameters are known, the bioenergetics model can be used to quantify the relative amount of zooplankton or insects consumed by age-0 American shad. When linked with spatial and temporal information on fish abundance, model output can guide inferential hypothesis development to demonstrate where the greatest impacts of age-0 American shad might occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impact of American Shad in the Columbia River","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Sauter, S.T., 2011, Development of a bioenergetics model for age-0 American Shad, 35 p. .","productDescription":"35 p. ","startPage":"54","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-029914","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5859000ee4b03639a6025e47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauter, Sally T. ssauter@usgs.gov","contributorId":2921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Sally","email":"ssauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156908,"text":"70156908 - 2011 - Timing, distribution, amount, and style of Cenozoic extension in the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T13:19:08.523688","indexId":"70156908","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing, distribution, amount, and style of Cenozoic extension in the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"This field trip examines contrasting lines of evidence bearing on the timing and structural style of Cenozoic (and perhaps late Mesozoic) extensional deformation in northeastern Nevada. Studies of metamorphic core complexes in this region report extension beginning in the early Cenozoic or even Late Cretaceous, peaking in the Eocene and Oligocene, and being largely over before the onset of “modern” Basin and Range extension in the middle Miocene. In contrast, studies based on low-temperature thermochronology and geologic mapping of Eocene and Miocene volcanic and sedimentary deposits report only minor, localized extension in the Eocene, no extension at all in the Oligocene and early Miocene, and major, regional extension in the middle Miocene. A wealth of thermochronologic and thermobarometric data indicate that the Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range metamorphic core complex (RMEH) underwent ~170 °C of cooling and 4 kbar of decompression between ca. 85 and ca. 50 Ma, and another 450 °C cooling and 4–5 kbar decompression between ca. 50 and ca. 21 Ma. These data require ~30 km of exhumation in at least two episodes, accommodated at least in part by Eocene to early Miocene displacement on the major west-dipping mylonitic zone and detachment fault bounding the RMEH on the west (the mylonitic zone may also have been active during an earlier phase of crustal extension). Meanwhile, Eocene paleovalleys containing 45–40 Ma ash-flow tuffs drained eastward from northern Nevada to the Uinta Basin in Utah, and continuity of these paleovalleys and infilling tuffs across the region indicate little, if any deformation by faults during their deposition. Pre–45 Ma deformation is less constrained, but the absence of Cenozoic sedimentary deposits and mappable normal faults older than 45 Ma is also consistent with only minor (if any) brittle deformation. The presence of ≤1 km of late Eocene sedimentary—especially lacustrine—deposits and a low-angle angular unconformity between ca. 40 and 38 Ma rocks attest to an episode of normal faulting at ca. 40 Ma. Arguably the greatest conundrum is how much extension occurred between ca. 35 and 17 Ma. Major exhumation of the RMEH is interpreted to have taken place in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, but rocks of any kind deposited during this interval are scarce in northeastern Nevada and absent in the vicinity of the RMEH itself. In most places, no angular unconformity is present between late Eocene and middle Miocene rocks, indicating little or no tilting between the late Eocene and middle Miocene. Opinions among authors of this report differ, however, as to whether this indicates no extension during the same time interval. The one locality where Oligocene deposits have been documented is Copper Basin, where Oligocene (32.5–29.5 Ma) conglomerates are ~500 m thick. The contact between Oligocene and Eocene rocks in Copper Basin is conformable, and the rocks are uniformly tilted ~25° NW, opposite to a normal fault system dipping ~35° SE. Middle Miocene rhyolite (ca. 16 Ma) rests nonconformably on the metamorphosed lower plate of this fault system and appears to rest on the tilted upper-plate rocks with angular unconformity, but the contact is not physically exposed. Different authors of this report interpret geologic relations in Copper Basin to indicate either (1) significant episodes of extension in the Eocene, Oligocene, and middle Miocene or (2) minor extension in the Eocene, uncertainty about the Oligocene, and major extension in the middle Miocene. An episode of major middle Miocene extension beginning at ca. 16–17 Ma is indicated by thick (up to 5 km) accumulations of sedimentary deposits in half-graben basins over most of northern Nevada, tilting and fanning of dips in the synextensional sedimentary deposits, and apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He data from the southern Ruby Mountains and other ranges that indicate rapid middle Miocene cooling through near-surface temperatures (~120–40 °C). Opinions among authors of this report differ as to whether this period of extension was merely the last step in a long history of extensional faulting dating back at least to the Eocene, or whether it accounts for most of the Cenozoic deformation in northeastern Nevada. Since 10–12 Ma, extension appears to have slowed greatly and been accommodated by high-angle, relatively wide-spaced normal faults that give topographic form to the modern ranges. Despite the low present-day rate of extension, normal faults are active and have generated damaging earthquakes as recently as 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2011.0021(02)","usgsCitation":"Henry, C., McGrew, A.J., Colgan, J.P., Snoke, A.W., and Brueseke, M.E., 2011, Timing, distribution, amount, and style of Cenozoic extension in the northern Great Basin: GSA Field Guides, v. 21, p. 27-66, https://doi.org/10.1130/2011.0021(02).","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029038","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 38.06539235133249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb70de4b058f706e53f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGrew, Allen J.","contributorId":147302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGrew","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snoke, Arthur W.","contributorId":23667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brueseke, Matthew E.","contributorId":147303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brueseke","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157175,"text":"70157175 - 2011 - Thiaminase activity and life history investigations in American shad in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:49:38.496056","indexId":"70157175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Thiaminase activity and life history investigations in American shad in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"American shad Alosa sapidissima fry were successfully transplanted from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast in 1871 and have subsequently proliferated. The Columbia River population is in the millions, yet few investigations have been conducted to better understand their life history, population dynamics, or potential impacts on other species. In 2007 and 2008 we captured American shad from the Columbia River to assess levels of thiaminase activity and to characterize some aspects of American shad life history. Thiaminase levels in age-0 and adult fish were high and ranged from 4,113-20,874 pmol/g/min. Ages of spawning American shad ranged from 3-7 years and iteroparity was approximately 33-36% in the spawning population. Males were typically younger and smaller and had a higher degree of iteroparity than females.
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chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Growth characteristics and otolith analysis on age-0 American shad","docAbstract":"Otolith microstructure analysis provides useful information on the growth history of fish (Campana and Jones 1992, Bang and Gronkjaer 2005). Microstructure analysis can be used to construct the size-at-age growth trajectory of fish, determine daily growth rates, and estimate hatch date and other ecologically important life history events (Campana and Jones 1992, Tonkin et al. 2008). This kind of information can be incorporated into bioenergetics modeling, providing necessary data for estimating prey consumption, and guiding the development of empirically-based modeling scenarios for hypothesis testing. For example, age-0 American shad co-occur with emigrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon originating from Hanford Reach and the Snake River in the lower Columbia River reservoirs during the summer and early fall. The diet of age-0 American shad appears to overlap with that of juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Chapter 1, this reoprt), but juvenile fall Chinook salmon are also known to feed on age-0 American shad in the reservoirs (USGS unpublished data). Abundant, energy-dense age-0 American shad may provide juvenile fall Chinook salmon opportunities for rapid growth during the time period when large number of age-0 American shad are available. Otolith analysis of hatch dates and the growth curve of age-0 American shad could be used to identify when eggs, larvae, and juveniles of specific size classes are temporally available as food for fall Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River reservoirs. This kind of temporally and spatially explicit life history information is important to include in bioenergetics modeling scenarios. Quantitive estimates of prey consumption could be used with spatially-explicit estimates of prey abundance to construct a quantitative assessment of the age-0 American shad impact on a reservoir food web.
Analysis of the age-0 American shad growth trajectory or individual growth records may show evidence of differential growth rates over time that may be linked to environmental conditions such as water temperature (Leach and Houde 1999, Meekan et al. 2003), size-selective mortality (Folkvord et al. 1997), developmental changes in metabolic rate (Bang and Gronkjaer 2005, Bochdanksy et al. 2005), feeding ability (Schmitt and Holbrook 1984, Luecke 1986, Johnson and Dropkin 1995, Johnson and Dropkin 1996), and intra- and inter-specific competition (Crecco and Savoy 1987, Marchand and Boisclair 1998, Gadomski and Wagner 2009). For example, environmental conditions associated with John Day reservoir may eliminate or reduce the availability of many aquatic and terrestrial insect prey types (Rondorf et al. 1990). Many juvenile fishes, including age-0 American shad and juvenile fall Chinook salmon may be foraging on limited insect prey in John Day Reservoir (Gadomski and Wagner 2009). Because larger insect prey has higher energy densities than most zooplankton prey, and insect availability may be limited in John Day reservoir, the growth of American shad may be constrained once fish grow to a size where they could exploit larger, more energy-dense insect prey (Mayer and Wahl 1997).
Similarly, as age-0 American shad grow, they are able to forage on larger zooplankton with higher energy densities than smaller individuals of the same species, or other smaller-bodied zooplankton species (Schael et al. 1991, Mayer and Wahl 1997). Intra- and inter-specific demand for larger-bodied and higher energy zooplankton prey may reduce the availability of these prey items (Tabor et al. 1996). Constrained growth increments on the otolith microstructure of juvenile American shad or other planktivorous fish could help identify important interactions between fishes that may be linked to the year class strength of age-0 American shad and prey partitioning in John Day reservoir.
The objective of this study was to determine time of hatch and size-at-age of age-0 American shad in lower Columbia River reservoirs for use with the American shad and fall Chinook salmon bioenergetic models. Size-at-age data on age-0 American shad can be used to generate quantitative estimates of prey consumption with the American shad bioenergetics model. Otolith microstructure analysis was used to provide reference points on the temporal availability of early life stages and sizes of American shad in the reservoir (Limburg 1996a,b, Limburg et al. 1999). Additional analyses on the age-0 American shad growth trajectory in John Day reservoir may reveal differential growth patterns during the early life history of these fish that are linked to developmental differences between individual fish, transient environmental conditions, or food web constraints (Limburg 1996a).
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However, little is known about the effects of climate change on alpine stream biota, especially invertebrates. Here, we show a strong linkage between regional climate change and the fundamental niche of a rare aquatic invertebrate—themeltwater stonefly Lednia tumana—endemic toWaterton- Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. L. tumana has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little is known on specifically how climate impacts may threaten this rare species and many other enigmatic alpine aquatic species worldwide. During 14 years of research, we documented that L. tumana inhabits a narrow distribution, restricted to short sections (∼500 m) of cold, alpine streams directly below glaciers, permanent snowfields, and springs. Our simulation models suggest that climate change threatens the potential future distribution of these sensitive habitats and persistence of L. tumana through the loss of glaciers and snowfields. Mountaintop aquatic invertebrates are ideal early warning indicators of climate warming in mountain ecosystems. Research on alpine invertebrates is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and ecosystem change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Giersch, J., Hauer, F.R., Pederson, G.T., Luikart, G., Peterson, D.P., Downs, C.C., and Fagre, D.B., 2011, Climate change links fate of glaciers and an endemic alpine invertebrate: Climatic Change, v. 106, no. 2, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025871","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 49.87339770318919\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 49.87339770318919\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ],\n [\n -115.697021484375,\n 48.28684818710906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572de4b0518e354694ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giersch, J. Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":4022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J. Joseph","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauer, F. Richard","contributorId":76892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas P.","contributorId":145877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Downs, Christopher C.","contributorId":105067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033850,"text":"70033850 - 2011 - Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T10:33:14","indexId":"70033850","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo","docAbstract":"Because of the extensive computational burden and perhaps a lack of awareness of existing methods, rigorous uncertainty analyses are rarely conducted for variable-density flow and transport models. For this reason, a recently developed null-space Monte Carlo (NSMC) method for quantifying prediction uncertainty was tested for a synthetic saltwater intrusion model patterned after the Henry problem. Saltwater intrusion caused by a reduction in fresh groundwater discharge was simulated for 1000 randomly generated hydraulic conductivity distributions, representing a mildly heterogeneous aquifer. From these 1000 simulations, the hydraulic conductivity distribution giving rise to the most extreme case of saltwater intrusion was selected and was assumed to represent the \"true\" system. Head and salinity values from this true model were then extracted and used as observations for subsequent model calibration. Random noise was added to the observations to approximate realistic field conditions. The NSMC method was used to calculate 1000 calibration-constrained parameter fields. If the dimensionality of the solution space was set appropriately, the estimated uncertainty range from the NSMC analysis encompassed the truth. Several variants of the method were implemented to investigate their effect on the efficiency of the NSMC method. Reducing the dimensionality of the null-space for the processing of the random parameter sets did not result in any significant gains in efficiency and compromised the ability of the NSMC method to encompass the true prediction value. The addition of intrapilot point heterogeneity to the NSMC process was also tested. According to a variogram comparison, this provided the same scale of heterogeneity that was used to generate the truth. However, incorporation of intrapilot point variability did not make a noticeable difference to the uncertainty of the prediction. With this higher level of heterogeneity, however, the computational burden of generating calibration-constrained parameter fields approximately doubled. Predictive uncertainty variance computed through the NSMC method was compared with that computed through linear analysis. The results were in good agreement, with the NSMC method estimate showing a slightly smaller range of prediction uncertainty than was calculated by the linear method. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009342","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Herckenrath, D., Langevin, C.D., and Doherty, J., 2011, Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using null-space Monte Carlo: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 5, W05504; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009342.","productDescription":"W05504; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475011,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009342"},{"id":242303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8206e4b0c8380cd7b867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herckenrath, Daan","contributorId":58854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herckenrath","given":"Daan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005440,"text":"70005440 - 2011 - Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T15:31:06.811692","indexId":"70005440","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"70","title":"Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel","docAbstract":"We conducted a series of toxicological treatments with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM:1% 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) mixture, two compounds used to control larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Great Lakes tributaries, to evaluate the acute toxicity of the lampricides to a number of nontarget species of concern. Treatments were conducted with yellow stage American eel (Anguilla rostrata), adult and larval haliplid water beetles (Haliplus spp.), a surrogate for the endangered Hungerford’s crawling water beetle (Brychius hungerfordi), and adults of three unionid species—giant floater (Pyganadon grandis), fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis), and pink heelsplitter (Potamilus alatus). Treatments were conducted using a serial dilution system consisting of nine test concentrations and an untreated control with 20% dilution between concentrations. Narcosis was evident among giant floaters exposed to the TFM and the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture and among pink heelsplitters exposed to the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture only but mostly at concentrations greater than 2-fold that required to kill 100% of larval sea lamprey (minimum lethal concentration (MLC)). Tests with the haliplid beetle suggest the risks to the Hungerford’s crawling water beetle associated with TFM applications are minimal. Concentrations over 2-fold the sea lamprey MLC did not kill adult or larval water beetles. Preliminary behavioral observations suggest water beetles may avoid treatment by crawling out of the water. Adult water beetles exposed to TFM at 3-fold the sea lamprey MLC were observed above the water line more often than controls. The lampricide TFM was not acutely toxic to American eel. Mortalities were rare among American eel exposed to TFM concentrations up to 7-fold the observed sea lamprey MLC. Similarly, for the TFM:1% niclosamide mixture, mortalities were rare among American eel exposed to nearly 5-fold the observed sea lamprey MLC. Overall, acute TFM toxicity was not evident among any of the species examined in this study at concentrations targeted to control larval sea lamprey. Results for the adult unionids should be viewed with caution due to the lack of replication in the treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Boogaard, M.A., and Rivera, J.E., 2011, Acute toxicity of two lampricides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a TFM: 1% niclosamide mixture, to sea lamprey, three species of unionids, haliplid water beetles, and American eel: Technical Report 70, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","ipdsId":"IP-019130","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/publication-media-search.php?type=Technical%20Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f563e4b0097a7158e583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivera, Jane E. jerivera@usgs.gov","contributorId":3338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Jane","email":"jerivera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043064,"text":"70043064 - 2011 - Paleoceanograpic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:10:32","indexId":"70043064","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoceanograpic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2011, Paleoceanograpic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years: Quaternary International, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 26-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005.","startPage":"26","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-018681","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267386,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005"},{"id":267387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"235","issue":"1-2","edition":"PACLIM: Proceedings of the 24th Pacific Climate Workshop, 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e1595e4b071e86a19a48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":2849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99238,"text":"ofr20111092 - 2011 - Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T12:15:49","indexId":"ofr20111092","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1092","title":"Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Schwartzwalder deposit is the largest known vein type uranium deposit in the United States. Located about eight miles northwest of Golden, Colorado it occurs in Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and was formed by hydrothermal fluid flow, mineralization, and deformation during the Laramide Orogeny. A complex brittle fault zone hosts the deposit comprising locally brecciated carbonate, oxide, and sulfide minerals. Mining of pitchblende, the primary ore mineral, began in 1953 and an extensive network of underground workings was developed. Mine dewatering, treatment of the effluent and its discharge into the adjacent Ralston Creek was done under State permit from about 1990 through about 2008. Mining and dewatering ceased in 2000 and natural groundwater rebound has filled the mine workings to a current elevation that is above Ralston Creek but that is still below the lowest ground level adit. Water in the 'mine pool' has concentrations of dissolved uranium in excess of 1,000 times the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 30 milligrams per liter. Other dissolved constituents such as molybdenum, radium, and sulfate are also present in anomalously high concentrations. \r\n\r\nRalston Creek flows in a narrow valley containing Quaternary alluvium predominantly derived from weathering of crystalline bedrock including local mineralized rock. Just upstream of the mine site, two capped and unsaturated waste rock piles with high radioactivity sit on an alluvial terrace. As Ralston Creek flows past the mine site, a host of dissolved metal concentrations increase. Ralston Creek eventually discharges into Ralston Reservoir about 2.5 miles downstream. Because of highly elevated uranium concentrations, the State of Colorado issued an enforcement action against the mine permit holder requiring renewed collection and treatment of alluvial groundwater.\r\n\r\nAs part of planned mine reclamation, abundant data were collected and compiled into a report by Wyman and Effner (2007), which was to be used as a basis for eventual mine site closure. In 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the State of Colorado to provide an objective and independent review of the Wyman and Effner (2007) report and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the hydrogeology of the mine site. \r\n\r\nKey findings from the U.S. Geological Survey assessment include geological structural analysis indicating that although the primary uranium-hosting fault likely does not cross under Ralston Creek, many complex subsidiary faults do cross under Ralston Creek. It is unknown if any of these faults act as conduits for mine pool water to enter Ralston Creek. Reported bedrock permeabilities are low, but local hydraulic gradients are sufficient to potentially drive groundwater flow from the mine pool to the creek. Estimated average linear velocities for the full range of reported hydraulic conductivities indicate groundwater transit times from the mine pool to the creek on the order of a few months to about 3,800 years or 11 to 65 years using mean reported input values. These estimates do not account for geochemical reactions along any given flow path that may differentially enhance or retard movement of individual dissolved constituents. New reconnaissance data including 34S isotope and 234U/238U isotopic activity ratios show potentially distinctive signatures for the mine pool compared to local groundwater and Ralston Creek water above the mine site.\r\n\r\nAlthough the mine pool may be near an equilibrium elevation, evidence for groundwater recharge transients indicates inflow to the workings that are greater than outflow. There is not enough hydraulic head data adjacent to the mine workings to adequately constrain a final equilibrium elevation or to predict how several wet years in succession might affect variations in mine pool elevation. Although ground level adits are sealed with bulkheads, if the mine pool elevation were to rise slightly to the elevation of or abo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety\r\n","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., Johnson, R.H., and Wild, E.C., 2011, Review and interpretation of previous work and new data on the hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1092, vi, 44 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111092.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1092.png"},{"id":14652,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99237,"text":"ofr20111089 - 2011 - Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"ofr20111089","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1089","title":"Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada","docAbstract":"Future groundwater development and its effect on future municipal, irrigation, and alternative energy uses in the Diamond Valley flow system are of concern for officials in Eureka County, Nevada. To provide a better understanding of the groundwater resources, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Eureka County, commenced a multi-phase study of the Diamond Valley flow system in 2005. Groundwater development primarily in southern Diamond Valley has resulted in water-level declines since the 1960s ranging from less than 5 to 100 feet. Groundwater resources in the Diamond Valley flow system outside of southern Diamond Valley have been relatively undeveloped.\r\n\r\nData collected during phase 2 of the study (2006-09) included micrometeorological data at 4 evapotranspiration stations, 3 located in natural vegetation and 1 located in an agricultural field; groundwater levels in 95 wells; water-quality constituents in aquifers and springs at 21 locations; lithologic information from 7 recently drilled wells; and geophysical logs from 3 well sites. This report describes what was accomplished during phase 2 of the study, provides the data collected, and presents the approaches to strengthen relations between evapotranspiration rates measured at micrometeorological stations and spatially distributed groundwater discharge. This report also presents the approach to improve delineation of areas of groundwater discharge and describes the current methodology used to improve the accuracy of spatially distributed groundwater discharge rates in the Diamond Valley flow system.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Eureka County, Nevada\r\n","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., Berger, D.L., Moreo, M.T., and Smith, J.L., 2011, Data network, collection, and analysis in the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1089, vi, 22 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111089.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1089.jpg"},{"id":14651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, Lari A. lari@usgs.gov","contributorId":301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"Lari","email":"lari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99236,"text":"sir20115043 - 2011 - Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:17:27.004349","indexId":"sir20115043","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5043","title":"Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah","docAbstract":"The Jordan River in Midvale and West Jordan, Utah, flows adjacent to two U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund sites: Midvale Slag and Sharon Steel. At both sites, geotechnical caps extend to the east bank of the river. The final remediation tasks for these sites included the replacement of a historic sheet-pile dam and the stabilization of the river banks adjacent to the Superfund sites. To assist with these tasks, two hydraulic modeling codes contained in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS), System for Transport and River Modeling (SToRM) and Flow and Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH), were used to provide predicted water-surface elevations, velocities, and boundary shear-stress values throughout the study reach of the Jordan River. A SToRM model of a 0.7 mile subreach containing the sheet-pile dam was used to compare water-surface elevations and velocities associated with the sheet-pile dam and a proposed replacement structure. Maps showing water-surface elevation and velocity differences computed from simulations of the historic sheet-pile dam and the proposed replacement structure topographies for streamflows of 500 and 1,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) were created. These difference maps indicated that the velocities associated with the proposed replacement structure topographies were less than or equal to those associated with the historic sheet-pile dam. Similarly, water-surface elevations associated with the proposed replacement structure topographies were all either greater than or equal to water-surface elevations associated with the sheet-pile dam. A FaSTMECH model was developed for the 2.5-mile study reach to aid engineers in bank stabilization designs. Predicted water-surface elevations, velocities and shear-stress values were mapped on an aerial photograph of the study reach to place these parameters in a spatial context. Profile plots of predicted cross-stream average water-surface elevations and cross-stream maximum and average velocities showed how these parameters change along the study reach for two simulated discharges of 1,040 ft3/s and 2,790 ft3/s. The profile plots for the simulated streamflow of 1,040 ft3/s show that the highest velocities are associated with the constructed sheet-pile replacement structure. Results for the simulated streamflow of 2,790 ft3/s indicate that the geometry of the 7800 South Bridge causes more backwater and higher velocities than the constructed sheet-pile replacement structure.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T.A., and Freeman, M.L., 2011, Two-dimensional streamflow simulations of the Jordan River, Midvale and West Jordan, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5043, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115043.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5043.jpg"},{"id":415282,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95165.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5043/pdf/sir20115043.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Midvale, West Jordan","otherGeospatial":"Jordan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.62646944830334\n ],\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.58951771050738\n ],\n [\n -111.90132213164156,\n 40.58951771050738\n ],\n [\n -111.90132213164156,\n 40.62646944830334\n ],\n [\n -111.9351143484441,\n 40.62646944830334\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db61a04e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9001481,"text":"ds591 - 2011 - Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T08:49:48","indexId":"ds591","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"591","title":"Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"The Washington Department of Ecology annually determines the quality of recently deposited sediments in Puget Sound as a part of Ecology's Urban Waters Initiative. The annual sediment quality studies use the Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) approach, thus relying on measures of chemical contamination, toxicity, and benthic in-faunal effects (Chapman, 1990). Since 2002, the studies followed a rotating sampling scheme, each year sampling a different region of the greater Puget Sound Basin. During the annual studies, samples are collected in locations selected with a stratified-random design, patterned after the designs previously used in baseline surveys completed during 1997-1999 (Long and others, 2003; Wilson and Partridge, 2007).\r\nSediment samples were collected by personnel from the Washington Department of Ecology, in June of 2010 and shipped to the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) laboratory in Corpus Christi, Texas (not shown), where the tests were performed. Sediment pore water was extracted with a pneumatic apparatus and was stored frozen. Just before testing, water-quality measurements were made and salinity adjusted, if necessary. Tests were performed on a dilution series of each sample consisting of 100-, 50-, and 25-percent pore-water concentrations.\r\nThe specific objectives of this study were to:\r\n * Extract sediment pore water from a total of 30 sediment samples from the Bellingham Bay, Washington area within a day of receipt of the samples.\r\n * Measure water-quality parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, sulfide, and ammonia) of thawed pore-water samples before testing and adjust salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen, if necessary, to obtain optimal ranges for the test species.\r\n * Conduct the fertilization toxicity test with pore water using sea urchin (Stronylocentrotus purpuratus) (S. purpuratus) gametes.\r\n * Perform quality control assays with reference pore water, dilution blanks and a positive control dilution series with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in conjunction with each test.\r\n * Determine which samples caused a significant decrease in percent fertilization success relative to the negative control.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds591","usgsCitation":"Biedenbach, J.M., 2011, Sediment toxicity test results for the Urban Waters Study 2010, Bellingham Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 591, v, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds591.","productDescription":"v, 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-06-01","temporalEnd":"2010-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/591/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_591.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bellingham Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.43102300370144\n ],\n [\n -122.2943115234375,\n 48.43102300370144\n ],\n [\n -122.2943115234375,\n 48.83850916871952\n ],\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.83850916871952\n ],\n [\n -122.7886962890625,\n 48.43102300370144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biedenbach, James M.","contributorId":64353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9001477,"text":"sim3115 - 2011 - Geospatial characteristics of Florida's coastal and offshore environments: Administrative and political boundaries and offshore sand resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"sim3115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3115","title":"Geospatial characteristics of Florida's coastal and offshore environments: Administrative and political boundaries and offshore sand resources","docAbstract":"The Geospatial Characteristics Geopdf of Florida's Coastal and Offshore Environments is a comprehensive collection of geospatial data describing the political and natural resources of Florida. This interactive map provides spatial information on bathymetry, sand resources, military areas, marine protected areas, cultural resources, locations of submerged cables, and shipping routes. The map should be useful to coastal resource managers and others interested in the administrative and political boundaries of Florida's coastal and offshore region. In particular, as oil and gas explorations continue to expand, the map may be used to explore information regarding sensitive areas and resources in the State of Florida. Users of this geospatial database will find that they have access to synthesized information in a variety of scientific disciplines concerning Florida's coastal zone. This powerful tool provides a one-stop assembly of data that can be tailored to fit the needs of many natural resource managers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3115","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystem Program ","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Foster, A.M., Jones, M.L., and Gualtieri, D.J., 2011, Geospatial characteristics of Florida's coastal and offshore environments: Administrative and political boundaries and offshore sand resources: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3115, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3115.","productDescription":"10 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3115.jpg"},{"id":19268,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b15c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":28938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Ann M. amfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Ann","email":"amfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Michal L.","contributorId":11179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Michal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gualtieri, Daniel J.","contributorId":69518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gualtieri","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001479,"text":"ofr20111056 - 2011 - A comparison of mercury burdens between St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge and St. Andrew Bay, Florida: Evaluation of fish body burdens and physiological responses in largemouth bass, spotted seatrout, striped mullet, and sunfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"ofr20111056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1056","title":"A comparison of mercury burdens between St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge and St. Andrew Bay, Florida: Evaluation of fish body burdens and physiological responses in largemouth bass, spotted seatrout, striped mullet, and sunfish","docAbstract":"Musculature from the dorsal region of 130 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), 140 sunfish (Lepomis sp.), 41 spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and 67 striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) were collected from five estuarine and five freshwater sites within the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge and two estuarine and two freshwater sites from St. Andrew Bay, Florida, United States of America. Musculature was analyzed for total mercury content, sagittal otoliths were removed for age determination and physiological responses were measured. Largemouth bass and sunfish from the refuge had higher mercury concentrations in musculature than those from the bay. Male spotted seatrout, male striped mullet, male and female sunfish and female largemouth bass had mercury burdens positively correlated with length. The majority of all four species of fish from both study areas contained mercury levels below 1.5 part per million, the limit for safe consumption recommended the Florida Department of Health. In comparison, a significant percentage of largemouth bass and sunfish from several sampled sites, most notably Otter Lake and Lake Renfroe within St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, had mercury levels consistent with the health department's guidelines of 'limited consumption' or 'no consumption guidelines.'","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Huge, D., Rauschenberger, R., Wieser, F., and Hemming, J., 2011, A comparison of mercury burdens between St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge and St. Andrew Bay, Florida: Evaluation of fish body burdens and physiological responses in largemouth bass, spotted seatrout, striped mullet, and sunfish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1056, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111056.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1056.jpg"},{"id":19270,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huge, D.H.","contributorId":36664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huge","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rauschenberger, R.H.","contributorId":93442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauschenberger","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieser, F.M.","contributorId":76868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemming, J.M.","contributorId":82831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}