Taconite tailings, a waste product from processing of iron ore, have been deposited in a 2.5-square-mile containment basin near Keewatin, Minnesota, The basin, which is bounded by earthen dikes of compacted drift and clayey bouldery till, contains saturated tailings consisting of chert and other silica-rich particles that range from clay to coarse-sand size.
\nRunoff from the tailings is slight and occurs only after heavy rains and snowmelt. Average discharge from the basin from April 1982 through June 1984 was about 0.6 cubic foot per second. Instantaneous discharge ranged from zero during much of the period to about 140 cubic feet per second following snowmelt in spring 1982. Daily mean discharge from the basin exceeded 20 cubic feet per second on two days during the period of study.
\nWater levels in wells range from 0 to 25 feet below the tailings surface; seasonal fluctuations range from 2 to 8 feet. Ground water flows radially from a mound in the north-central part of the basin under a hydraulic gradient of 4.7 x 10-3 feet per foot. Vertical flow also is downward to drift deposits beneath the tailings. Vertical gradients range from 7.0 x 10-3 to 6.0 x 10-1 feet per foot.
\nSaturated thickness of the tailings ranges from about 1 to 35 feet. Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 1 to 500 feet per day. Transmissivities range from about 25 feet squared per day in fine tailings to about 350 feet squared per day in coarse tailings. Ground-water recharge from precipitation was 11.8 inches from October 1982 through September 1983. Ground-water outflow as leakage to the underlying drift deposits was 9.9 inches for the same period.
\nWater collected from wells completed in the tailings and from the drainage ditch at the basin outlet is of a mixed type in which the magnesium concentration only slightly exceeds concentrations of calcium and sodium plus potassium, expressed in milliequivalents, and concentrations of sulfate and bicarbonate, expressed in milliequivalents, are equal. Concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, and nitrite plus nitrate in water from the tailings were notably greater than in water from adjacent aquifers. However, only fluoride, manganese, and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations equalled or exceeded State drinking-water standards. Suspended-sediment concentrations in streamflow ranged from less than 1 milligram per liter during low-flow periods to about 4,600 milligrams per liter following snowmelt in the spring of 1982.
\nNumerical-model simulations of ground-water flow near the vicinity of the tailings basin indicate that, if areal recharge were doubled during spring and fall, water levels in wells could average about 4 feet above 1983 levels during these periods. Model results indicate that water levels in the tailings could possibly remain about 5 feet above 1983 levels at the end of the year. Water levels in the tailings at the outlet of the basin could be about 1 foot above 1983 levels during the spring stress period and could be nearly 1.5 feet above 1983 levels during the fall stress period. Under these hypothetical climatic conditions, ground-water contribution to discharge at the outlet could be about 50 cubic feet per second during spring and about 80 cubic feet per second during fall.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1991, Hydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at a taconite-tailings basin near Keewatin, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4230, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884230.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4230/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.083333,\n 47.404167\n ],\n [\n -93.083333,\n 47.358333\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 47.358333\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 47.404167\n ],\n [\n -93.083333,\n 47.404167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myette, C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20194,"text":"ofr91477 - 1991 - Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr91477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-477","title":"Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1987","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr91477","usgsCitation":"Morris, F., 1991, Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-477, 1 v., 221 p., :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91477.","productDescription":"1 v., 221 p., :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0477/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0477/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6066d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Fred III","contributorId":103693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Fred","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20193,"text":"ofr91521 - 1991 - Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr91521","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-521","title":"Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1990","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91521","usgsCitation":"Morris, F., 1991, Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-521, v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91521.","productDescription":"v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0521/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0521/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6067f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Fred III","contributorId":103693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Fred","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20192,"text":"ofr91520 - 1991 - Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr91520","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-520","title":"Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91520","usgsCitation":"Morris, F., 1991, Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-520, v, 142 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91520.","productDescription":"v, 142 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0520/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0520/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6066dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Fred III","contributorId":103693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Fred","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28715,"text":"wri904139 - 1991 - Surficial geology of the Cane Creek basin, Lauderdale County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri904139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4139","title":"Surficial geology of the Cane Creek basin, Lauderdale County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The surficial geology of the Cane Creek basin, in Lauderdale County, West Tennessee, was studied from 1985-88. Peoria Loess is the parent material from which soils in the Cane Creek drainage basin were derived. In general, a brown silt grades into a gray silt from 5 to I7 feet below ground surface. This color change probably represents depth to water table prior to the channelization of Cane Creek. Only at river mile 11.9 does rock outcrop near the main channel.\r\n\r\nLower reaches of major tributaries have surficial geology similar to the main channel. In upper reaches of Hyde Creek and Fain Spring Creek, the sequence from the St&ace is sand and gravels, red-brown sandstone, sand and clay layers, and then, an orange sand layer. \r\n\r\nCoarse-grained deposits are found most often along the northern boundary of the basin and only occasionally in areas to the west and south of the main channel. Depth to sand or gravel ranges from about 0 to 158 feet in the uplands, and generally deeper than 40 feet near the main channel.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904139","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., 1991, Surficial geology of the Cane Creek basin, Lauderdale County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4139, iii, 12 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904139.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2284,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6889de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.H.","contributorId":67554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18170,"text":"ofr91501 - 1991 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18169,"text":"ofr90141 - 1990 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr90141","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":18170,"text":"ofr91501 - 1991 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr91501","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":18170,"text":"ofr91501 - 1991 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr91501","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":18172,"text":"ofr93138 - 1993 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr93138","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":2}],"supersededBy":{"id":18172,"text":"ofr93138 - 1993 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr93138","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T15:44:16.486733","indexId":"ofr91501","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-501","title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","docAbstract":"The National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) is a national confederation of water-oriented organizations working together to improve access to water data. It consists of member organizations from all sectors of the water-data community. This Directory provides the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all NAWDEX member organizations and thier designated NAWDEX representatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91501","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, C.D., 1991, Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-501, xi, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91501.","productDescription":"xi, 103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0501/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0501/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Cassandra D.","contributorId":25562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29480,"text":"wri904098 - 1991 - An Axisymmetric finite-difference flow model to simulate drawdown in and around a pumped well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri904098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4098","title":"An Axisymmetric finite-difference flow model to simulate drawdown in and around a pumped well","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904098","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1991, An Axisymmetric finite-difference flow model to simulate drawdown in and around a pumped well: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4098, vi, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904098.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29460,"text":"wri914097 - 1991 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri914097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4097","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics were determined for 136 continuous-record and 212 low-flow partial-record streamflow gaging stations in Kentucky. Low-flow frequency curves were developed for the continuous-record gaging stations from daily mean streamflows for unregulated periods of 10 years or more. Through graphical correlation with data from one or more of the continuous-record stations, estimates of selected low-flow frequency values were also made at each of the partial-record stations. \r\n\r\nTechniques are presented to estimate the 7-day 2-year and 7-day 10-year low-flow frequency values for ungaged, unregulated streams in Kentucky. These frequency values were determined at each of the continuous-record gaging stations and were related to basin characteristics and streamflow indices using multiple linear regression. The most significant variables for estimating the 7-day 2-and 10-year low-flow values from the analysis were drainage area and streamflow-variability index. The equations developed to estimate the 7-day 2-year and the 7-day 10-year low flows have a standard error of estimate of 71 and 90 percent, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914097","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, K., and Martin, G.R., 1991, Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4097, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS 51 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914097.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS 51 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4097.jpg"},{"id":58305,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58306,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4097/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, K.J.","contributorId":35322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, G. R.","contributorId":14004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29326,"text":"wri924011 - 1991 - Sedimentation in Versailles Lake, Ripley County, southeastern Indiana, 1956-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:16:51","indexId":"wri924011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4011","title":"Sedimentation in Versailles Lake, Ripley County, southeastern Indiana, 1956-88","docAbstract":"Sedimentation has affected the storage capacity and surface area of Versailles Lake. The lake was constructed by damming Laughery Creek in 1956. At the dam, the drainage area of Laughery Creek is 168 square miles. Locations where the largest amount of sediment has accumulated for the 32-year period 1956-88, are in the upper end of the lake where Laughery Creek enters and in the middle part of the lake; however, sediment has also accumulated in the rest of the lake. The surface area of the lake for 1956 was 10,400,000 square feet (239 acres) and for 1988 was 9,700,000 square feet (223 acres).
\nIn 1956, the volume of water in Versailles Lake was 115,000,000 cubic feet; in 1988, the volume was 73,400,000 cubic feet. The amount of sediment accumulation in the lake during 1956-88 was 41,600,000 cubic feet. In 1988, the volume of water remaining in the lake was 63.8 percent of the 1956 volume; 36.2 percent of the 1956 lake volume had filled with sediment. The annual rate of sediment accumulation in the lake during 1956-88 was 1,300,000 cubic feet per year.
\nPotential decreases in the storage capacity of Versailles Lake for the 32-year period 1989-2020 were estimated. The percentage volume of water in the lake in 2020 is expected to be 28 percent of the 1956 volume; 72 percent of the lake is expected to be filled with sediment.
\nPhysiographic data indicate no distinct source areas in the drainage basin of Laughery Creek that are contributing unusually large amounts of sediment to Versailles Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924011","usgsCitation":"Renn, D., and Arihood, L.D., 1991, Sedimentation in Versailles Lake, Ripley County, southeastern Indiana, 1956-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4011, v, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924011.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4011/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Ripley County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.0652,39.3082],[-85.0732,39.2675],[-85.0824,39.2195],[-85.0903,39.1788],[-85.0983,39.1327],[-85.1057,39.0906],[-85.1222,39.0006],[-85.1305,38.9707],[-85.1324,38.9617],[-85.135,38.9481],[-85.1389,38.9296],[-85.2034,38.9294],[-85.203,38.9167],[-85.2397,38.9157],[-85.3515,38.9145],[-85.3722,38.9147],[-85.387,38.9144],[-85.445,38.914],[-85.4436,39.0522],[-85.4435,39.0577],[-85.4403,39.1954],[-85.2966,39.268],[-85.2204,39.3072],[-85.2186,39.308],[-85.0652,39.3082]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ripley\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, D.E.","contributorId":36941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29561,"text":"wri914040 - 1991 - The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri914040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4040","title":"The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","docAbstract":"Computerized statistical and graphical procedures were developed for use in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigations of trend in stream water-quality data. These procedures, identified as EStimate TREND (ESTREND), are described in this paper to assist USGS investigators involved in multiple-station studies of water-quality trends. Additional discussion focuses on certain statistical and operational decisions required in multiple-station analysis of trends. The statistical methods used in ESTREND overcome common statistical problems encountered by conventional statistical trend techniques in the analysis of water-quality data. The problems include data that are non-normal and seasonally varying and water-quality records with missing values, 'less-than' (censored) values, and outliers, all of which adversely affect the performance of conventional statistical techniques. Parametric and nonparametric statistical trend tests are used in ESTREND. A nonparametric method, the Seasonal Kendall test, is used for data that have few less-than values or data that have been censored at only one reporting limit. A parametric test for trend involving a maximum likelihood estimation method is used for data that have been censored at multiple reporting limits. The Seasonal Kendall test for uncensored data allows for the removal of flow variability in water-quality data which improves the performance of the statistical trend tests. Menu-driven procedures in ESTREND allow the user to easily retrieve water-quality data, analyze data for trend, and view tabular and graphical results of analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914040","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., Alexander, R.B., and Ohe, D.J., 1991, The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4040, v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914040.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohe, Dane J. djohe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohe","given":"Dane","email":"djohe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29215,"text":"wri904121 - 1991 - Estimates of hydraulic conductivity from aquifer-test analyses and specific-capacity data, Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer Systems, south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:21:58","indexId":"wri904121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4121","title":"Estimates of hydraulic conductivity from aquifer-test analyses and specific-capacity data, Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer Systems, south-central United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904121","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., 1991, Estimates of hydraulic conductivity from aquifer-test analyses and specific-capacity data, Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer Systems, south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4121, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904121.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4121/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29100,"text":"wri914017 - 1991 - Observed and simulated distribution of selected herbicides in silty loam, sandy loam, and clay soil profiles near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:23:57.811394","indexId":"wri914017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4017","title":"Observed and simulated distribution of selected herbicides in silty loam, sandy loam, and clay soil profiles near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914017","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., 1991, Observed and simulated distribution of selected herbicides in silty loam, sandy loam, and clay soil profiles near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4017, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914017.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415893,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47456.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Topeka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.9167,\n 39.1167\n ],\n [\n -95.9167,\n 39.0583\n ],\n [\n -95.5833,\n 39.0583\n ],\n [\n -95.5833,\n 39.1167\n ],\n [\n -95.9167,\n 39.1167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29456,"text":"wri904163 - 1991 - Water resources of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:20:34","indexId":"wri904163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4163","title":"Water resources of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Red Lake Indian Reservation Tribal Council, to evaluate the water resources of the contiguous Red Lake Indian Reservation. Water resources of the contiguous Red Lake Indian Reservation meet the present (1989) needs for potable supply and other household uses. In addition, they provide ecological, recreational, and aesthetic benefits.
\nMean annual precipitation in the study area is 22.7 inches. Approximately 90 percent of this precipitation returns to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration; the remainder becomes runoff. Some of the precipitation that contributes to evapotranspiration and runoff initially infiltrates the land surface and recharges the ground-water reservoir. The net recharge to ground water generally ranges from roughly 0.5 to 1.35 inches per year. Assuming negligible long-term changes in the amount of ground water in storage, the recharge to and discharge from the ground-water reservoir balance each other over time.
\nGlacial-drift aquifers are the source of ground water in the Red Lake Indian Reservation. The most significant sources of ground-water supply are confined glacial-drift aquifers, which are discontinuous lenses of sand and gravel 50 to 150 feet below land surface. Estimated yields of wells completed in these aquifers range from approximately 20 to 240 gallons per minute.
\nLower and Upper Red Lakes, which extend over one fourth of the study area, are the largest surface-water bodies. The study area also includes streams and many smaller lakes. Most of the streams drain into Lower and Upper Red Lakes, and the lakes discharge into the Red Lake River. Spring snowmelt generally causes peak flows in the streams. Low-flow conditions commonly occur during midsummer to early fall and winter.
\nThe quality of ground water is suitable for drinking and other household uses, and the quality of the surface water generally meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criteria necessary for the maintenance of aquatic life. The major ions in both ground and surface water are calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Lower and Upper Red Lakes are eutrophic to mesotrophic on the basis of their summer Secchi disk-transparency readings, which ranged from 2.6 to 8.2 feet. The concentration of total organic carbon in samples from Lower and Upper Red Lakes and four streams were below or, in the case of one stream, about equal to 30 milligrams per liter, which is indicative of water little affected by human activities. The sample with the highest organic carbon content was collected from a stream that drained peatlands, which were probably sources of organic matter in the runoff. The concentration of nitrite plus nitrate in samples collected from Lower and Upper Red Lakes in late summer was below 0.01 milligrams per liter, which is characteristic of water uncontaminated by animal wastes. Total phosphorus in these samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams per liter. Most of this phosphorus was in the particulate organic fraction because of the abundance of phytoplankton.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri904163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Red Lake Indian Reservation Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1991, Water resources of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4163, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904163.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Red Lake Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.72824096679688,\n 48.20911695037711\n ],\n [\n -94.71176147460938,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -94.80789184570312,\n 47.87030156386572\n ],\n [\n -94.80514526367188,\n 47.80393135603966\n ],\n [\n -95.38604736328125,\n 47.80393135603966\n ],\n [\n -95.40115356445312,\n 47.821453962500016\n ],\n [\n -95.40939331054688,\n 47.8260641920274\n ],\n [\n -95.42724609375,\n 47.82975208084834\n ],\n [\n -95.4327392578125,\n 47.843579330145474\n ],\n [\n -95.44097900390625,\n 47.84910919811478\n ],\n [\n -95.45883178710938,\n 47.8527954492302\n ],\n [\n -95.46844482421875,\n 47.855559965615484\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 47.871222774564146\n ],\n [\n -95.48080444335938,\n 47.88043398091892\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 47.88780176702122\n ],\n [\n -95.50140380859374,\n 47.897930761804936\n ],\n [\n -95.50140380859374,\n 47.908978314728685\n ],\n [\n -95.52886962890625,\n 47.91542163178686\n ],\n [\n -95.55221557617188,\n 47.91634204016118\n ],\n [\n -95.5645751953125,\n 47.924624978768314\n ],\n [\n -95.57830810546875,\n 47.9264654516972\n ],\n [\n -95.57968139648438,\n 48.1789071002632\n ],\n [\n -94.86282348632812,\n 48.182569848918504\n ],\n [\n -94.79827880859375,\n 48.19721822655714\n ],\n [\n -94.77218627929688,\n 48.203625575146994\n ],\n [\n -94.72824096679688,\n 48.20911695037711\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49560,"text":"ofr91608A - 1991 - Earthquake data report, August 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:18","indexId":"ofr91608A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-608","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, August 1991","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr91608A","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Earthquake data report, August 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-608, 310 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91608A.","productDescription":"310 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0608a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0608a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aaf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30102,"text":"wri904084 - 1991 - Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:14:50","indexId":"wri904084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4084","title":"Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah","docAbstract":"Bydrologic data were collected for the proposed Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts in Sevier and Bnery Counties, Utah, in order to describe the hydrology and potential effects of mining on the hydrologic system. The Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts are near the Southern Utah Fuel Company coal mine in an area of the central Wasatch Plateau that is characterized by a relatively flat plateau deeply dissected by steep-sided canyons.
Surface water in the Quitchupah and Pines study area drains to two perennial streams, Muddy Creek to the north and Quitchupah Creek to the south. Peak streamflow is usually in May and June in response to snowmelt runoff; however, thunderstorms can cause short-term high flows in late summer and fall. The specific conductance of surface water in and near the study area measured during the 1987 water year ranged from 440 (iS/cm to 860 (iS/cm. Suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 17 to 10,900 mg/L in the Quitchupah Creek drainage and 34 to 312 mg/L in the Muddy Creek drainage.
Stable-isotope studies indicate that recharge to aquifers in the study area is by seepage of snowmelt into rock outcrops. Discharge from the aquifers is at springs, seeps, mines, and zones of seepage in streambeds. The chemical quality of ground water is related to the mineralogy of the formations with which the water has contact. Water from the upper part of the Cast legate Sandstone has the smallest concentration of dissolved solids, 61 mg/L, and water from the North Horn Formation has the largest concentration, 1,080 mg/L.
Observed effects of underground coal mining at the nearby active mine are considered indicative of the changes that can be expected in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts. Subsidence above the mined area could cause dewatering of the Blackhawk Formation and the Star Point Sandstone, changes in the natural drainage patterns, and alteration of both surface- and ground-water quality. Additional studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the hydrologic effects of underground mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","doi":"10.3133/wri904084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Cordy, G., 1991, Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4084, Report: vii, 63 p.; Plate: 26.82 x 24.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904084.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 63 p.; Plate: 26.82 x 24.37 inches","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58919,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4208,\n 39.03333\n ],\n [\n -111.2583,\n 39.03333\n ],\n [\n -111.2583,\n 38.95\n ],\n [\n -111.3208,\n 38.95\n ],\n [\n -111.3208,\n 38.88333\n ],\n [\n -111.425,\n 38.88333\n ],\n [\n -111.425,\n 38.93333\n ],\n [\n -111.4589,\n 38.93333\n ],\n [\n -111.4589,\n 38.9875\n ],\n [\n -111.4208,\n 38.9875\n ],\n [\n -111.4208,\n 39.03333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60517d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordy, G. E.","contributorId":59075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"G. 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L.","contributorId":83525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walgreen, J.D.","contributorId":62463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walgreen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":17099,"text":"ofr91427 - 1991 - Evaluation of metallic mineral resources and their geologic controls in the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:03:52.255795","indexId":"ofr91427","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-427","title":"Evaluation of metallic mineral resources and their geologic controls in the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91427","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, Evaluation of metallic mineral resources and their geologic controls in the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-427, Report: x, 278 p.; 6 Plates: 53.79 × 42.79 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91427.","productDescription":"Report: x, 278 p.; 6 Plates: 53.79 × 42.79 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46226,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46225,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46224,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108879,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18132.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18132"},{"id":46227,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46223,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46222,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0427/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"East Mojave National Scenic Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.167,\n 34.705\n ],\n [\n -114.916,\n 34.705\n ],\n [\n -114.916,\n 35.633\n ],\n [\n -116.167,\n 35.633\n ],\n [\n -116.167,\n 34.705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20798,"text":"ofr91464 - 1991 - Chemical analysis of water samples and geophysical logs from cored test holes drilled in the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T12:55:35","indexId":"ofr91464","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-464","title":"Chemical analysis of water samples and geophysical logs from cored test holes drilled in the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses of water from eight test holes and geophysical logs for nine test holes drilled in the Central Oklahoma aquifer are presented. The test holes were drilled to investigate local occurrences of potentially toxic, naturally occurring trace substances in ground water. These trace substances include arsenic, chromium, selenium, residual alpha-particle activities, and uranium. Eight of the nine test holes were drilled near wells known to contain large concentrations of one or more of the naturally occurring trace substances. One test hole was drilled in an area known to have only small concentrations of any of the naturally occurring trace substances.
Water samples were collected from one to eight individual sandstone layers within each test hole. A total of 28 water samples, including four duplicate samples, were collected. The temperature, pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations were measured at the sample site. Laboratory determinations included major ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and trace elements (aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, vanadium and zinc). Radionuclide activities and stable isotope (5 values also were determined, including: gross-alpha-particle activity, gross-beta-particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, radon-222, uranium-234, uranium-235, uranium-238, total uranium, carbon-13/carbon-12, deuterium/hydrogen-1, oxygen-18/oxygen-16, and sulfur-34/sulfur-32. Additional analyses of arsenic and selenium species are presented for selected samples as well as analyses of density and iodine for two samples, tritium for three samples, and carbon-14 for one sample.
Geophysical logs for most test holes include caliper, neutron, gamma-gamma, natural-gamma logs, spontaneous potential, long- and short-normal resistivity, and single-point resistance. Logs for test-hole NOTS 7 do not include long- and short-normal resistivity, spontaneous-potential, or single-point resistivity. Logs for test-hole NOTS 7A include only caliper and natural-gamma logs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Oklahoma City, OK","doi":"10.3133/ofr91464","usgsCitation":"Schlottmann, J.L., and Funkhouser, R.A., 1991, Chemical analysis of water samples and geophysical logs from cored test holes drilled in the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-464, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91464.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":349776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0464/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0464/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Central Oklahoma Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcceb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funkhouser, Ron A.","contributorId":58294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funkhouser","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44802,"text":"wri904157 - 1991 - Potentiometric-surface map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, August through December 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:52:11.91853","indexId":"wri904157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4157","title":"Potentiometric-surface map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, August through December 1987","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904157","usgsCitation":"Goldsmith, G.D., 1991, Potentiometric-surface map of the Eutaw-McShan aquifer in northeastern Mississippi, August through December 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4157, Report: 1 p.: 1 Plate: 44.15 × 32.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904157.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.: 1 Plate: 44.15 × 32.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47411.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4157/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Eutaw-McShan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.5,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 32.7292\n ],\n [\n -88.0958,\n 32.7292\n ],\n [\n -88.0958,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldsmith, Gala D. 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Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.E.","contributorId":76775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, K. 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