{"pageNumber":"1769","pageRowStart":"44200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70174865,"text":"70174865 - 2011 - Mitigating amphibian disease: strategies to maintain wild populations and control chytridiomycosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:10:40","indexId":"70174865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5144,"text":"Frontiers in Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitigating amphibian disease: strategies to maintain wild populations and control chytridiomycosis","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Background</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">Rescuing amphibian diversity is an achievable conservation challenge. Disease mitigation is one essential component of population management. Here we assess existing disease mitigation strategies, some in early experimental stages, which focus on the globally emerging chytrid fungus&nbsp;<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>. We discuss the precedent for each strategy in systems ranging from agriculture to human medicine, and the outlook for each strategy in terms of research needs and long-term potential.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Results</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">We find that the effects of exposure to&nbsp;<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>&nbsp;occur on a spectrum from transient commensal to lethal pathogen. Management priorities are divided between (1) halting pathogen spread and developing survival assurance colonies, and (2) prophylactic or remedial disease treatment. Epidemiological models of chytridiomycosis suggest that mitigation strategies can control disease without eliminating the pathogen. Ecological ethics guide wildlife disease research, but several ethical questions remain for managing disease in the field.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Conclusions</h3>\n<p class=\"Para\">Because sustainable conservation of amphibians in nature is dependent on long-term population persistence and co-evolution with potentially lethal pathogens, we suggest that disease mitigation not focus exclusively on the elimination or containment of the pathogen, or on the captive breeding of amphibian hosts. Rather, successful disease mitigation must be context specific with epidemiologically informed strategies to manage already infected populations by decreasing pathogenicity and host susceptibility. We propose population level treatments based on three steps: first, identify mechanisms of disease suppression; second, parameterize epizootiological models of disease and population dynamics for testing under semi-natural conditions; and third, begin a process of adaptive management in field trials with natural populations.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1742-9994-8-8","usgsCitation":"Woodhams, D.C., Bosch, J., Briggs, C.J., Cashins, S., Davis, L.R., Lauer, A., Muths, E.L., Puschendorf, R., Schmidt, B.R., Sheafor, B., and Voyles, J., 2011, Mitigating amphibian disease: strategies to maintain wild populations and control chytridiomycosis: Frontiers in Zoology, v. 8, no. 8, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-8-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023875","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-8-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578f4f2ee4b0ad6235cf002b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhams, Douglas C.","contributorId":151242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhams","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, Jaime","contributorId":167060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bosch","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Cheryl J.","contributorId":127721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cashins, Scott","contributorId":172986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashins","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Leyla R.","contributorId":172987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Leyla","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lauer, Antje","contributorId":172988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauer","given":"Antje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Puschendorf, Robert","contributorId":127715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puschendorf","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7119,"text":"Plymouth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, Benedikt R.","contributorId":151239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Benedikt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sheafor, Brandon","contributorId":172989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheafor","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Voyles, Jamie","contributorId":127709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voyles","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":99187,"text":"sir20115026 - 2011 - River-aquifer exchanges in the Yakima River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115026","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5026","title":"River-aquifer exchanges in the Yakima River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Five categories of data are analyzed to enhance understanding of river-aquifer exchanges-the processes by which water moves between stream channels and the adjacent groundwater system-in the Yakima River basin. The five datasets include (1) results of chemical analyses of water for tritium (3H, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen) and the ratios of the stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H/1H) and oxygen (18O/16O), (2) series of stream discharge measurements within specified reaches (seepage investigations or 'runs'), (3) vertical hydraulic gradients (between stream stage and hydraulic heads the underlying aquifer) measured using mini-piezometers, (4) groundwater levels and water temperature in shallow wells near stream channels, and (5) thermal profiles (continuous records of water temperature along river reaches). Exchanges are described in terms of streamflow, vertical hydraulic gradients, groundwater temperature and levels, and streamflow temperature, and where appropriate, the exchanges are discussed in terms of their relevance to and influence on salmonid habitat.\r\n\r\nThe isotope data shows that the ultimate source of surface and groundwater is meteoric water derived from atmospheric precipitation. Water from deep wells has a different isotopic composition than either shallow groundwater or surface water, indicating that the deep groundwater system contributes, at most, only a small component of the surface-water discharge. The isotope data confirms that river-aquifer exchanges involve primarily modern streamflow and modern, shallow groundwater.\r\n\r\nNet exchanges of water for 46 stream sections investigated with seepage runs ranged from nearly zero to 1,071 ft3/s for 28 gaining sections, and -3 to -242 ft3/s for 18 losing sections. The magnitude of the upper 50 percent of the net gains is an order of magnitude larger than those for net losses. The sections have a normalized net exchange (as absolute value) that fully ranged from near 0 to 65.6 (ft3/s)/mi. Gaining-section values ranged from about 0.1 to 65.6 (ft3/s)/mi, and losing section values ranged from about -0.1 to -35.4 (ft3/s)/mi. Gains are much more vigorous than the losses with 55 percent being larger than 3.0 (ft3/s)/ mi, whereas, only 6 percent of the negative net exchanges were larger than 3.0 (ft3/s)/mi. Gains and losses for 167 measured reaches within the 46 sections ranged from about 70 to -75 (ft3/s)/mi, and ranged more than 5 orders of magnitude. The median values for the gains and losses were 5.1 and -4.4 (ft3/s)/mi, respectively. The magnitude of the gains was larger than the losses; more than 40 percent of the gains were greater than 10 (ft3/s)/mi, and only about 25 percent of the losses were greater than 10 (ft3/s)/mi. Reaches with large gains are identified and these reaches represent potentially important areas for various life stages of salmonids and possibly for preservation or restoration of that habitat.\r\n\r\nNinety-nine measurements of vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) were made using mini-piezometers. The median for the measurements was -0.35 ft/ft (negative values indicate downward flow), and in terms of absolute values, the median was 0.05 ft/ft. The VHGs tended to be small. Seventy VHG values were negative (indicating streamflow losses), and 29 were positive (indicating streamflow gains). VHGs vary more than 4 orders of magnitude, and in terms of magnitudes, 65 percent were less than 0.1 ft/ft. The negative VHG values are not only more prevalent but are larger than the positive values. The magnitudes of almost 50 percent of the negative VHGs are greater than 0.05 ft/ft and only 33 percent of the positive VHGs are greater than 0.05 ft/ft. The percentile distribution of the VHG data, which is similar to the shape of the seepage data distribution, shows that beyond the 80th percentile, the positive values become much larger, indicating that the largest VHGs have a different controlling mechanism. The VHGs were formulated in terms of fluxes per unit are","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Washington State Department of Ecology, and the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 2011, River-aquifer exchanges in the Yakima River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5026, x, 94 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115026.","productDescription":"x, 94 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5026.jpg"},{"id":14602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,46 ], [ -121.5,47.666666666666664 ], [ -119,47.666666666666664 ], [ -119,46 ], [ -121.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99190,"text":"ofr20111038 - 2011 - Vegetation communities at Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T12:21:59","indexId":"ofr20111038","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1038","title":"Vegetation communities at Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Missouri","docAbstract":"New and existing data were used to describe and map vegetation communities at Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge. Existing data had been gathered during the growing seasons of 2002, 2003, and 2004. New data were collected in 2007 to describe previously unsampled communities and communities within which insufficient data had been collected. Plot data and field observations were used to describe 17 natural and semi-natural communities at the Association level of the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS). Four ruderal communities not included in the NVCS are also described. Data were used to inform delineation of communities using aerial photos from 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007. During this process, eleven additional land cover classes including cultural features, managed vegetation communities, and water features were identified. These features were mapped, some were described, but no vegetation data were collected. In 2009, nearly all community polygons were field visited and classified to the Association level. When necessary, polygon boundaries were adjusted based on field observations. The final map includes 482 polygons of 27 land cover classes encompassing 3,174 hectares on 5 units of the refuge. Data and information will inform the development of the refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111038","usgsCitation":"Struckhoff, M.A., Grabner, K.W., and Stroh, E.D., 2011, Vegetation communities at Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1038, viii, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111038.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1038.jpg"},{"id":14604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big Muddy National Fish and 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mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabner, Keith W. kgrabner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabner","given":"Keith","email":"kgrabner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 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,{"id":99188,"text":"ds581 - 2011 - Time-domain electromagnetic soundings collected in Dawson County, Nebraska, 2007-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:22:10.704398","indexId":"ds581","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"581","title":"Time-domain electromagnetic soundings collected in Dawson County, Nebraska, 2007-09","docAbstract":"Between April 2007 and November 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District, collected time-domain electro-magnetic (TDEM) soundings at 14 locations in Dawson County, Nebraska. The TDEM soundings provide information pertaining to the hydrogeology at each of 23 sites at the 14 locations; 30 TDEM surface geophysical soundings were collected at the 14 locations to develop smooth and layered-earth resistivity models of the subsurface at each site. The soundings yield estimates of subsurface electrical resistivity; variations in subsurface electrical resistivity can be correlated with hydrogeologic and stratigraphic units. Results from each sounding were used to calculate resistivity to depths of approximately 90-130 meters (depending on loop size) below the land surface. Geonics Protem 47 and 57 systems, as well as the Alpha Geoscience TerraTEM, were used to collect the TDEM soundings (voltage data from which resistivity is calculated). For each sounding, voltage data were averaged and evaluated statistically before inversion (inverse modeling). Inverse modeling is the process of creating an estimate of the true distribution of subsurface resistivity from the mea-sured apparent resistivity obtained from TDEM soundings. Smooth and layered-earth models were generated for each sounding. A smooth model is a vertical delineation of calculated apparent resistivity that represents a non-unique estimate of the true resistivity. Ridge regression (Interpex Limited, 1996) was used by the inversion software in a series of iterations to create a smooth model consisting of 24-30 layers for each sounding site. Layered-earth models were then generated based on results of smooth modeling. The layered-earth models are simplified (generally 1 to 6 layers) to represent geologic units with depth. Throughout the area, the layered-earth models range from 2 to 4 layers, depending on observed inflections in the raw data and smooth model inversions. The TDEM data collected were considered good results on the basis of root mean square errors calculated after inversion modeling, comparisons with borehole geophysical logging, and repeatability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds581","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Payne, J., and Teeple, A., 2011, Time-domain electromagnetic soundings collected in Dawson County, Nebraska, 2007-09: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 581, Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds581.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_581.gif"},{"id":385248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/581/ds581_appendix1","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":14603,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/581/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Dawson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.4247,41.0466],[-99.4248,40.9599],[-99.4249,40.8732],[-99.4269,40.7],[-99.4166,40.6995],[-99.4168,40.6686],[-99.4241,40.6718],[-99.4338,40.6728],[-99.4544,40.6752],[-99.4877,40.6757],[-99.518,40.6768],[-99.5446,40.6805],[-99.5555,40.6805],[-99.5834,40.6779],[-99.5986,40.6771],[-99.6228,40.683],[-99.6434,40.6849],[-99.6622,40.6886],[-99.6791,40.6927],[-99.7021,40.7],[-99.77,40.6997],[-99.83,40.7002],[-99.9174,40.6981],[-99.9816,40.6999],[-99.9949,40.7004],[-100.1083,40.7012],[-100.2102,40.702],[-100.2217,40.7015],[-100.224,40.8721],[-100.2243,40.9583],[-100.2215,41.0481],[-100.1984,41.0477],[-100.1064,41.0478],[-99.9955,41.0479],[-99.8926,41.0474],[-99.8804,41.0473],[-99.778,41.0477],[-99.7665,41.0467],[-99.5356,41.0461],[-99.4247,41.0466]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dawson\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f85f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Jason  0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew   0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew  ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9001446,"text":"sir20115030 - 2011 - Estimated loads of suspended sediment and selected trace elements transported through the Clark Fork basin, Montana, in selected periods before and after the breach of Milltown Dam (water years 1985-2009)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20115030","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5030","title":"Estimated loads of suspended sediment and selected trace elements transported through the Clark Fork basin, Montana, in selected periods before and after the breach of Milltown Dam (water years 1985-2009)","docAbstract":"Milltown Reservoir is a National Priorities List Superfund site in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana where sediments enriched in trace elements from historical mining and ore processing have been deposited since the completion of Milltown Dam in 1908. Milltown Dam was breached on March 28, 2008, as part of Superfund remediation activities to remove the dam and excavate contaminated sediment that had accumulated in Milltown Reservoir. In preparation for the breach of Milltown Dam, permanent drawdown of Milltown Reservoir began on June 1, 2006, and lowered the water-surface elevation by about 10 to 12 feet. After the breach of Milltown Dam, the water-surface elevation was lowered an additional 17 feet. Hydrologic data-collection activities were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to estimate loads of suspended sediment and trace elements transported through the Clark Fork basin before and after the breach of Milltown Dam. This report presents selected results of the data-collection activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115030","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Lambing, J.H., 2011, Estimated loads of suspended sediment and selected trace elements transported through the Clark Fork basin, Montana, in selected periods before and after the breach of Milltown Dam (water years 1985-2009): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5030, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115030.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1985-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5030.gif"},{"id":19248,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.25,45.833333333333336 ], [ -115.25,48 ], [ -112,48 ], [ -112,45.833333333333336 ], [ -115.25,45.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, John H.","contributorId":64272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9001439,"text":"ds578 - 2011 - EAARL Coastal Topography-Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009: Bare Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ds578","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"578","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography-Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009: Bare Earth","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived bare-earth (BE) topography datasets were produced collaboratively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, and the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Kingston, RI. This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the National Park Service Southeast Coast Network's Cape Hatteras National Seashore in North Carolina, acquired post-Nor'Ida (November 2009 nor'easter) on November 27 and 29 and December 1, 2009. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine aircraft, but the instrument was deployed on a Pilatus PC-6. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the 'bare earth' under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds578","usgsCitation":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J., Nayegandhi, A., Fredericks, X., Brock, J.C., Wright, C.W., Nagle, D., and Stevens, S., 2011, EAARL Coastal Topography-Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009: Bare Earth: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 578, HTML Page-DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds578.","productDescription":"HTML Page-DVD","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_578.bmp"},{"id":21889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/578/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,35.06666666666667 ], [ -76,36 ], [ -75.46666666666667,36 ], [ -75.46666666666667,35.06666666666667 ], [ -76,35.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6971ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M.","contributorId":8060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":35704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagle, D.B.","contributorId":40568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stevens, Sara","contributorId":104015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":9001441,"text":"sir20115048 - 2011 - Groundwater conditions and studies in Georgia, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:56:24","indexId":"sir20115048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5048","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in Georgia, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collects groundwater data and conducts studies to monitor hydrologic conditions, better define groundwater resources, and address problems related to water supply, water use, and water quality. In Georgia, water levels were monitored continuously at 179 wells during 2008 and 181 wells during 2009. Because of missing data or short periods of record (less than 3 years) for several of these wells, a total of 161 wells are discussed in this report. These wells include 17 in the surficial aquifer system, 19 in the Brunswick aquifer and equivalent sediments, 66 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 16 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 11 in the Clayton aquifer, 12 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 7 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the well network indicate that water levels generally rose during the 2008-2009 period, with water levels rising in 135 wells and declining in 26. In contrast, water levels declined over the period of record at 100 wells, increased at 56 wells, and remained relatively constant at 5 wells. In addition to continuous water-level data, periodic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in Camden, Charlton, and Ware Counties, Georgia, and adjacent counties in Florida during September 2008 and May 2009; in the Brunswick, Georgia area during July 2008 and July-August 2009; and in the City of Albany-Dougherty County, Georgia area during November 2008 and November 2009. In general, water levels in these areas were higher during 2009 than during 2008; however, the configuration of the potentiometric surfaces in each of the areas showed little change. Groundwater quality in the Floridan aquifer system is monitored in the Albany, Savannah, Brunswick, and Camden County areas of Georgia. In the Albany area, nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during 2008-2009 generally increased, with concentrations in two wells above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10-milligrams-per-liter (mg/L) drinking-water standard. In the Savannah area, measurement of specific conductance and chloride concentration in water samples from discrete depths in three wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer indicate that chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer showed little change and remained below the 250 mg/L USEPA secondary drinking-water standard. Chloride concentrations in the Lower Floridan aquifer increased slightly at Tybee Island and Skidaway Island, remaining above the drinking-water standard. In the Brunswick area, maps showing the chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer were constructed using data collected from 28 wells during July 2008 and from 29 wells during July-August 2009, indicate that chloride concentrations remained above the USEPA secondary drinking-water standard in an approximately 2-square-mile area. During 2008-2009, chloride concentrations decreased, with a maximum decrease of 160 mg/L, in a well located in the northern part of the Brunswick area. In the Camden County area, chloride concentration during 2008-2009 was analyzed in water samples collected from eight wells, six of which were completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer and two in the Lower Floridan aquifer. In most of the wells sampled during this period, chloride concentrations did not appreciably change; however, since the closure of the Durango Paper Company in October 2002, chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer near the paper mill decreased from a high of 184 mg/L in May 2002 to 41 mg/L in September 2009. Groundwater studies conducted in Georgia during 2008-2009 include the following: * evaluation of groundwater flow, water-quality, and water-level monitoring in the Augusta-Richmond County area; * evaluation of groundwater flow, water-quality, and water","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115048","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Leeth, D.C., and Painter, J.A., 2011, Groundwater conditions and studies in Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5048, iv, 78 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115048.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9001442,"text":"sir20115042 - 2011 - Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Urban and Small Rural Streams in Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:55:24","indexId":"sir20115042","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5042","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Urban and Small Rural Streams in Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"A study was conducted that updated methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in ungaged urban basins in Georgia that are not substantially affected by regulation or tidal fluctuations. Annual peak-flow data for urban streams from September 2008 were analyzed for 50 streamgaging stations (streamgages) in Georgia and 6 streamgages on adjacent urban streams in Florida and South Carolina having 10 or more years of data. Flood-frequency estimates were computed for the 56 urban streamgages by fitting logarithms of annual peak flows for each streamgage to a Pearson Type III distribution. Additionally, basin characteristics for the streamgages were computed by using a geographical information system and computer algorithms. Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of equations for estimating flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities for ungaged urban basins in Georgia. In addition to the 56 urban streamgages, 171 rural streamgages were included in the regression analysis to maintain continuity between flood estimates for urban and rural basins as the basin characteristics pertaining to urbanization approach zero. Because 21 of the rural streamgages have drainage areas less than 1 square mile, the set of equations developed for this study can also be used for estimating small ungaged rural streams in Georgia. Flood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 227 streamgages were combined to form the final database used in the regional regression analysis. Four hydrologic regions were developed for Georgia. The final equations are functions of drainage area and percentage of impervious area for three of the regions and drainage area, percentage of developed land, and mean basin slope for the fourth region. Average standard errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 20.0 to 74.5 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation, Preconstruction Division, Office of Bridge Design\r\n\r\n","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., and Knaak, A.E., 2011, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Urban and Small Rural Streams in Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5042, v, 39 p. ; spreadsheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115042.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. ; spreadsheet","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":99186,"text":"ofr20111082 - 2011 - The chronology for the d18O record from Devils Hole, Nevada,  extended into the Mid-Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"ofr20111082","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1082","title":"The chronology for the d18O record from Devils Hole, Nevada,  extended into the Mid-Holocene","docAbstract":"This report presents the numeric values for the chronology of the paleoclimatically relevant mid-to-late Pleistocene record of the ratios of stable oxygen isotope (delta18O) in vein calcite from Devils Hole, Nev., which recently had been extended into the mid-Holocene. Dating was obtained using 230Th-234U-238U thermal ionization mass spectrometry.\r\n\r\nDevils Hole is a subaqueous cave of tectonic origin, which developed in the discharge zone of a regional aquifer in south-central Nevada. The primary groundwater recharge source area is the Spring Mountains, the highest mountain range in southern Nevada [altitude 3,630 meters (m)], approximately 80 kilometers to the east of the cavern. The walls of the open fault zone comprising the cave system are coated with dense vein calcite precipitated from the through-flowing groundwater. The calcite, up to 40 centimeters (cm) thick, contains a continuous record of the sequential variation of the composition of stable oxygen isotopes in the ground water over time. The vein calcite has also proven to be a suitable material for precise uranium-series dating via thermal ionization mass spectrometry utilizing the 230Th-234U-238U decay clock.\r\n\r\nEarlier work has presented data from the Devils Hole core DH-11, a 36-cm-long core of vein calcite recovered from a depth of about 30 m below the water table (about 45 m beneath the ground surface). The DH-11 core provided a continuous record of isotopic oxygen variation from 567,700 to 59,800 years before present. Recent work has extended this record up to 4,500 years before  \r\npresent, into the mid-Holocene epoch. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111082","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., Sharp, W., Coplen, T., Ludwig, K., and Winograd, I., 2011, The chronology for the d18O record from Devils Hole, Nevada,  extended into the Mid-Holocene: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1082, iii, 5 p.; Download of Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111082.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.; Download of Table","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":624,"text":"Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1082.gif"},{"id":14601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668d35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, W.D.","contributorId":88467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":9001445,"text":"ofr20111085 - 2011 - Conceptual ecological models to support detection of ecological change on Alaska National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T12:53:29","indexId":"ofr20111085","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1085","title":"Conceptual ecological models to support detection of ecological change on Alaska National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"More than 31 million hectares of land are protected and managed in 16 refuges by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in Alaska. The vastness and isolation of Alaskan refuges give rise to relatively intact and complete ecosystems. The potential for these lands to provide habitat for trust species is likely to be altered, however, due to global climate change, which is having dramatic effects at high latitudes. The ability of USFWS to effectively manage these lands in the future will be enhanced by a regional inventory and monitoring program that integrates and supplements monitoring currently being implemented by individual refuges. Conceptual models inform monitoring programs in a number of ways, including summarizing important ecosystem components and processes as well as facilitating communication, discussion and debate about the nature of the system and important management issues. This process can lead to hypotheses regarding future changes, likely results of alternative management actions, identification of monitoring indicators, and ultimately, interpretation of monitoring results. As a first step towards developing a monitoring program, the 16 refuges in Alaska each created a conceptual model of their refuge and the landscape context. Models include prominent ecosystem components, drivers, and processes by which components are linked or altered. The Alaska refuge system also recognizes that designing and implementing monitoring at regional and ecoregional extents has numerous scientific, fiscal, logistical, and political advantages over monitoring conducted exclusively at refuge-specific scales. Broad-scale monitoring is particularly advantageous for examining phenomena such as climate change because effects are best interpreted at broader spatial extents. To enable an ecoregional perspective, a rationale was developed for deriving ecoregional boundaries for four ecoregions (Polar, Interior Alaska, Bering Coast, and North Pacific Coast) from the Unified Ecoregions of Alaska. Ecoregional models were then developed to illustrate resources and processes that operate at spatial scales larger than individual refuges within each ecoregion. Conceptual models also were developed for adjacent marine areas, designated as the North Pacific, Bering Sea, and Beaufort-Chukchi Sea Marine Ecoregions. Although many more conceptual models will be required to support development of a regional monitoring program, these definitions of ecoregions and associated conceptual models are an important foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111085","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., and Beever, E.A., 2011, Conceptual ecological models to support detection of ecological change on Alaska National Wildlife Refuges: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1085, vii, 36 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111085.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"136","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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,{"id":9001443,"text":"ofr20111086 - 2011 - Natural gas production and anomalous geothermal gradients of the deep Tuscaloosa Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"ofr20111086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1086","title":"Natural gas production and anomalous geothermal gradients of the deep Tuscaloosa Formation","docAbstract":"For the largest producing natural gas fields in the onshore Gulf of Mexico Basin, the relation between temperature versus depth was investigated. Prolific natural gas reservoirs with the highest temperatures were found in the Upper Cretaceous downdip Tuscaloosa trend in Louisiana. Temperature and production trends from the deepest field, Judge Digby field, in Pointe Coupe Parish, Louisiana, were investigated to characterize the environment of natural gas in the downdip Tuscaloosa trend. The average production depth in the Judge Digby field is approximately 22,000 ft. Temperatures as high as 400 degrees F are typically found at depth in Judge Digby field and are anomalously low when compared to temperature trends extrapolated to similar depths regionally.\r\nAt 22,000 ft, the minimum and maximum temperatures for all reservoirs in Gulf Coast producing gas fields are 330 and 550 degrees F, respectively; the average temperature is 430 degrees F. The relatively depressed geothermal gradients in the Judge Digby field may be due to high rates of sediment preservation, which may have delayed the thermal equilibration of the sediment package with respect to the surrounding rock.\r\nAnalyzing burial history and thermal maturation indicates that the deep Tuscaloosa trend in the Judge Digby field is currently in the gas generation window. Using temperature trends as an exploration tool may have important implications for undiscovered hydrocarbons at greater depths in currently producing reservoirs, and for settings that are geologically analogous to the Judge Digby fiel","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111086","usgsCitation":"Burke, L., 2011, Natural gas production and anomalous geothermal gradients of the deep Tuscaloosa Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1086, 2 Sheets: Sheet 1: 69.99 inches x 36.00 inches; Sheet 2: 70.04 inches x 32.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111086.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: Sheet 1: 69.99 inches x 36.00 inches; Sheet 2: 70.04 inches x 32.02 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1086.jpg"},{"id":14600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri 0000-0002-2035-8048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":44891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99182,"text":"fs20113033 - 2011 - Condition of streams in Independence, Missouri: What is being done to protect stream health and how citizens can help","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T21:39:47.835267","indexId":"fs20113033","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3033","title":"Condition of streams in Independence, Missouri: What is being done to protect stream health and how citizens can help","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Niesen, S.L., Bender, D.L., Champion, R., Christensen, E.D., and Harris, T.E., 2011, Condition of streams in Independence, Missouri: What is being done to protect stream health and how citizens can help: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3033, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113033.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3033.jpg"},{"id":407188,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95111.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.54696655273438,\n              39.005311873985306\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.22836303710938,\n              39.005311873985306\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.22836303710938,\n              39.15881700964971\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.54696655273438,\n              39.15881700964971\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.54696655273438,\n              39.005311873985306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a479e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Dorris L.","contributorId":73887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Dorris","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, Richard H. Jr.","contributorId":73469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Richard H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, Thomas E. tharris@usgs.gov","contributorId":3882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Thomas","email":"tharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":99181,"text":"tm3B9 - 2011 - WTAQ version 2-A computer program for analysis of aquifer tests in confined and water-table aquifers with alternative representations of drainage from the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"tm3B9","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-B9","title":"WTAQ version 2-A computer program for analysis of aquifer tests in confined and water-table aquifers with alternative representations of drainage from the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"The computer program WTAQ simulates axial-symmetric flow to a well pumping from a confined or unconfined (water-table) aquifer. WTAQ calculates dimensionless or dimensional drawdowns that can be used with measured drawdown data from aquifer tests to estimate aquifer hydraulic properties. Version 2 of the program, which is described in this report, provides an alternative analytical representation of drainage to water-table aquifers from the unsaturated zone than that which was available in the initial versions of the code. The revised drainage model explicitly accounts for hydraulic characteristics of the unsaturated zone, specifically, the moisture retention and relative hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The revised program also retains the original conceptualizations of drainage from the unsaturated zone that were available with version 1 of the program to provide alternative approaches to simulate the drainage process. Version 2 of the program includes all other simulation capabilities of the first versions, including partial penetration of the pumped well and of observation wells and piezometers, well-bore storage and skin effects at the pumped well, and delayed drawdown response of observation wells and piezometers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm3B9","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Moench, A.F., 2011, WTAQ version 2-A computer program for analysis of aquifer tests in confined and water-table aquifers with alternative representations of drainage from the unsaturated zone: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 3-B9, v, 13 p.; Appendix; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3B9.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.; Appendix; Figures","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_3_b9.jpg"},{"id":14596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm3b9/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bde5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99184,"text":"ofr20101100 - 2011 - Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20101100","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1100","title":"Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP) are working cooperatively to map and interpret features of the sea floor along the northeastern coast of the United States. This report presents multibeam bathymetry and sidescan-sonar data obtained during NOAA survey H11446, which was conducted in a 12-km2 area in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, NY. In addition, sediment and photographic data from 26 stations obtained during a USGS verification cruise are presented. Overall, the sea floor slopes gently seaward, but topography is more complex in sand-wave and boulder areas, which are evident in the multibeam and sidescan-sonar data from the study area. Sand waves generally have north-south-oriented crests with 10- to 20-m wavelengths. Sand-wave asymmetry indicates eastward net sediment transport in the east and westward net sediment transport in the northern and western parts of the study area. Areas with boulders on the sea floor are typically hummocky and are part of a glacial moraine system. Boulders are typically encrusted with seaweed, sponges, and anemones as shown in the bottom photography.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101100","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D., Schaer, J., Guberski, M., Wood, D., and Doran, E.F., 2011, Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1100, HTML Page, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101100.","productDescription":"HTML Page","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1100.gif"},{"id":14599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.32391277974938, 41.15994651814542], [-72.24257446605856, 41.17740616512514], [-72.23004519372205, 41.17953692347197], [-72.2292997146489, 41.17604494255067], [-72.23059449409168, 41.17549564218102], [-72.23071220131379, 41.172097827037135], [-72.22859347131646, 41.16325016751158], [-72.23171589900682, 41.16156406661179], [-72.23534201871524, 41.16018977973761], [-72.2486207468807, 41.16164046485613], [-72.25802460084611, 41.158964950617694], [-72.26292805444848, 41.155757800045414], [-72.2682461410941, 41.15503752319677], [-72.27249172557528, 41.15568487444863], [-72.27756179087841, 41.15893874512608], [-72.2852780135521, 41.15887623747152], [-72.29990480468717, 41.15294842824391], [-72.3049158349833, 41.148961828950725], [-72.31269456531152, 41.148229100335016], [-72.31937941168735, 41.141207407154674], [-72.32210708330757, 41.141132530297035], [-72.32391277974938, 41.15994651814542]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.32391277974938, 41.141132530297035, -72.22852313624901, 41.17953692347197], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091918\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68888b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guberski, M.R.","contributorId":22077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guberski","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wood, D.A.","contributorId":70099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doran, E. 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,{"id":99183,"text":"ofr20101150 - 2011 - Sea-floor geology and topography offshore in Eastern Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20101150","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1150","title":"Sea-floor geology and topography offshore in Eastern Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"A gridded multibeam bathymetric dataset covers approximately 133.7 square kilometers of sea floor offshore in eastern Long Island Sound. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey H11997, these acoustic data, and the sea-floor sampling and photography stations subsequently occupied to verify them during USGS cruise 2010-015-FA, are part of an expanding series of studies that provide a fundamental framework for research and resource management (for example, cables, pipelines, and dredging) activities in this major East Coast estuary. Results show the composition and terrain of the seabed and provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. Bedrock outcrops, erosional outliers, lag deposits of boulders, scour depressions, and extensive gravel pavements are common in the eastern part of the study area. These features, which result from the near-constant exposure to strong tidal currents, indicate sedimentary environments dominated by processes associated with erosion. Large fields of transverse and barchanoid sand waves in the western part of the study area reflect slightly lower energy levels and sedimentary environments where processes associated with coarse bedload transport prevail. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101150","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Ackerman, S., Blackwood, D., Schaer, J., Forrest, M., Ostapenko, A., and Doran, E.F., 2011, Sea-floor geology and topography offshore in Eastern Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1150, HTML Page, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101150.","productDescription":"HTML Page","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1150.gif"},{"id":14598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.83333333333333,40.833333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,41.5 ], [ -72,41.5 ], [ -72,40.833333333333336 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S.D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forrest, M.R.","contributorId":79216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forrest","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostapenko, A.J.","contributorId":90009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostapenko","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doran, E. 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,{"id":70156407,"text":"70156407 - 2011 - Analysis of long-term trends in flow from a large spring complex in northern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T15:05:50.263492","indexId":"70156407","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of long-term trends in flow from a large spring complex in northern Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nonparametric regression analysis of historic flow and rainfall data was used to estimate declining flows in a river draining a large spring complex in northern Florida, USA. The analysis indicated that flow declined by an estimated 23 percent from 1900 to 2009. The rate of decline appeared to increase over time, from about 0.8 cubic foot per second per year during the period from 1930-1970, to about 1.1 cubic feet per second per year over the period from 1970-2009. The estimated decline for the period prior to 1980 is consistent with evidence indicating groundwater withdrawals to the east of the study area have diverted groundwater that formerly flowed toward the Ichetucknee River under predevelopment conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group proceedings","conferenceDate":"April 26-29 2011","conferenceLocation":"Fayetteville, Arkansas","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Grubbs, J.W., 2011, Analysis of long-term trends in flow from a large spring complex in northern Florida, <i>in</i> U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group proceedings, v. 2011-5031, Fayetteville, Arkansas, April 26-29 2011, p. 160-167.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028516","costCenters":[{"id":5052,"text":"FLWSC-Tallahassee","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5031/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ichetucknee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.155517578125,\n              28.969700808694157\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.573486328125,\n              28.969700808694157\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.573486328125,\n              30.211608223816906\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.155517578125,\n              30.211608223816906\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.155517578125,\n              28.969700808694157\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2011-5031","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa30e4b0518e3546bc2a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569047,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Grubbs, Jack W.","contributorId":93142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99180,"text":"gip121 - 2011 - Water Science Programs in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"gip121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"121","title":"Water Science Programs in Kansas","docAbstract":"The USGS has collected hydrologic information in Kansas since 1895 with the first USGS Cooperative Water Program funding agreement for 6 streamflow gages with the Kansas Water Board. USGS collects streamflow and gage-height data; reservoir content; water-quality and water-quantity data; suspended-sediment data; and groundwater levels. Hydrologic studies are conducted on national, regional, statewide, and local levels. The USGS in Kansas works cooperatively with 31 Federal, State, and local agencies, such as the Kansas Water Office, the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, and the City of Wichita.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip121","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, A., 2011, Water Science Programs in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 121, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip121.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_121.jpg"},{"id":14595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Andy","contributorId":64732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9001437,"text":"fs20113039 - 2011 - Hurricane impact and recovery shoreline change analysis of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA: 1855 to 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"fs20113039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3039","title":"Hurricane impact and recovery shoreline change analysis of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA: 1855 to 2005","docAbstract":"Results from historical (1855-2005) shoreline change analysis of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, demonstrate that tropical cyclone frequency dominates the long-term evolution of this barrier-island arc. The detailed results of this study were published in December 2009 as part of a special issue of Geo-Marine Letters that documents early results from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113039","collaboration":"Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project","usgsCitation":"Fearnley, S.M., Miner, M., and Brock, J., 2011, Hurricane impact and recovery shoreline change analysis of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA: 1855 to 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3039, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113039.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3039.jpg"},{"id":19242,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a5a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fearnley, Sarah M.","contributorId":64207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fearnley","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miner, Michael","contributorId":79434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99179,"text":"sir20105243 - 2011 - 2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:54:22.912447","indexId":"sir20105243","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5243","title":"2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest or suspected unrest at seven separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2008. Significant explosive eruptions at Okmok and Kasatochi Volcanoes in July and August dominated Observatory operations in the summer and autumn. AVO maintained 24-hour staffing at the Anchorage facility from July 12 through August 28. Minor eruptive activity continued at Veniaminof and Cleveland Volcanoes. Observed volcanic unrest at Cook Inlet's Redoubt Volcano presaged a significant eruption in the spring of 2009. AVO staff also participated in hazard communication regarding eruptions or unrest at nine volcanoes in Russia as part of a collaborative role in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Teams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105243","collaboration":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., McGimsey, R.G., Dixon, J.P., Cameron, C., Nuzhdaev, A.A., and Chibisova, M., 2011, 2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5243, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105243.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5243.jpg"},{"id":14593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95112.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Kamchatka","otherGeospatial":"Kurile Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              51.2278\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              51.2278\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              51.2278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              179.9,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              155,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              155,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              50\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              62.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4924e4b0b290850eeea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E.","contributorId":37421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nuzhdaev, Anton A.","contributorId":84014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuzhdaev","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chibisova, Marina","contributorId":35016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chibisova","given":"Marina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":99178,"text":"sir20115024 - 2011 - Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T20:32:46.090399","indexId":"sir20115024","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5024","title":"Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio","docAbstract":"The USGS, in cooperation with the Chippewa Subdistrict of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, performed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for selected reaches of three streams in Medina, Wayne, Stark, and Summit Counties in northeast Ohio: Chippewa Creek, Little Chippewa Creek, and River Styx. This study was done to facilitate assessment of various alternatives for mitigating flood hazards in the Chippewa Creek basin.\r\nStreamStats regional regression equations were used to estimate instantaneous peak discharges approximately corresponding to bankfull flows. Explanatory variables used in the regression equations were drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area. Hydraulic models were developed to determine water-surface profiles along the three stream reaches studied for the bankfull discharges established in the hydrologic analyses. The HEC-RAS step-backwater hydraulic analysis model was used to determine water-surface profiles for the three streams. Starting water-surface elevations for all streams were established using normal depth computations in the HEC-RAS models. Cross-sectional elevation data, hydraulic-structure geometries, and roughness coefficients were collected in the field and (along with peak-discharge estimates) used as input for the models. Reach-averaged reductions in water-surface elevations ranged from 0.11 to 1.29 feet over the four roughness coefficient reduction scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115024","usgsCitation":"Straub, D.E., and Ebner, A.D., 2011, Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5024, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115024.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5024.gif"},{"id":14592,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95113.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Medina County, Summitt County, Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,40.8167 ], [ -82,41.1333 ], [ -81.6406,41.1333 ], [ -81.6406,40.8167 ], [ -82,40.8167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70137871,"text":"70137871 - 2011 - Mysid and fish zooplanktivory in Lake Ontario: quantification of direct and indirect effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T16:56:35","indexId":"70137871","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mysid and fish zooplanktivory in Lake Ontario: quantification of direct and indirect effects","docAbstract":"<p>Mysis relicta and planktivorous fish feed on zooplankton in Lake Ontario and form a trophic triangle that includes intraguild predation by fish on mysids. Thus, fish affect zooplankton both directly and indirectly. To evaluate the importance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and mysids as zooplanktivores in Lake Ontario, we measured abundances and distributions, assessed diets, and computed mysid and fish consumption rates based on bioenergetics models. We further estimated indirect effects by comparing clearance rates given observed and potential mysid distributions. Estimated consumption rates varied widely with season and water depth and ranged between 2.6 x 10-3 and 1.3 gm-2day-1 for mysids and between 1.4 x 10-3 and 0.5 gm-2day-1 for fish, representing a daily removal of zooplankton of up to 10.2%-day-1 and 2.0%-day-1 by mysids and fish, respectively. Mysid planktivory exceeded fish planktivory in May and August, but fish planktivory dominated in October. Estimated mysid planktivory rates were 2- to 90-fold lower than the potential rate if mysids moved to temperatures that maximized their predation rates, suggesting an indirect positive effect of fish on zooplankton.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Fisheries and Oceans","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/f06-156","usgsCitation":"Gal, G., Rudstam, L.G., Mills, E.L., Lantry, J.R., Johannsson, O.E., and Greene, C., 2011, Mysid and fish zooplanktivory in Lake Ontario: quantification of direct and indirect effects: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 12, p. 2734-2747, https://doi.org/10.1139/f06-156.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2734","endPage":"2747","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056083","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237175897_Mysid_and_fish_zooplanktivory_in_Lake_Ontario_quantification_of_direct_and_indirect_effects"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.25537109375,\n              43.94537239244209\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08032226562499,\n              43.52465500687188\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.18994140625,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.22241210937499,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              43.15710884095329\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c08e4b08de9379b35f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gal, Gideon","contributorId":138664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gal","given":"Gideon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, Edward L.","contributorId":61387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lantry, Jana R.","contributorId":28495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantry","given":"Jana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, C.","contributorId":96498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046816,"text":"70046816 - 2011 - Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T09:21:54","indexId":"70046816","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types","docAbstract":"Complex feature types are defined as integrated relations between basic features for a shared meaning or concept. The shared semantic concept is difficult to define in commonly used geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. The role of spatial relations between complex feature parts was recognized in early GIS literature, but had limited representation in the feature or coverage data models of GIS. Spatial relations are more explicitly specified in semantic technology. In this paper, semantics for topographic feature ontology design patterns (ODP) are developed as data models for the representation of complex features. In the context of topographic processes, component assemblages are supported by resource systems and are found on local landscapes. The topographic ontology is organized across six thematic modules that can account for basic feature types, resource systems, and landscape types. Types of complex feature attributes include location, generative processes and physical description. Node/edge networks model standard spatial relations and relations specific to topographic science to represent complex features. To demonstrate these concepts, data from The National Map of the U. S. Geological Survey was converted and assembled into ODP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","doi":"10.1559/15230406382126","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D.E., 2011, Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 2, p. 126-136, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382126.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-026646","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274722,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382126"}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbdf73e4b0f81004b77d95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70125778,"text":"70125778 - 2011 - Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T13:01:34","indexId":"70125778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T13:00:24","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","docAbstract":"How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (∼25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brooklyn Botanical Garden","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1354.1","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Wootton, J.T., Doak, D.F., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2011, Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 836-846, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"836","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-030612","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294079,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf44ae4b0e96537ddf806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wootton, J. Timothy","contributorId":84283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmerson, Mark","contributorId":93404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. Timothy","contributorId":82959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118311,"text":"70118311 - 2011 - Magnetostratigraphy and tectonic rotation of the Miocene Spanish Canyon Formation at Alvord Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:04:08.146718","indexId":"70118311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T12:57:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Magnetostratigraphy and tectonic rotation of the Miocene Spanish Canyon Formation at Alvord Mountain, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The incredible shrinking Pliocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Desert Symposium","conferenceDate":"2011-04-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fullerton, CA","language":"English","publisher":"California State University Desert Studies Consortium","publisherLocation":"Fullerton, CA","usgsCitation":"Hillhouse, J.W., and Miller, D., 2011, Magnetostratigraphy and tectonic rotation of the Miocene Spanish Canyon Formation at Alvord Mountain, California, <i>in</i> The incredible shrinking Pliocene, Fullerton, CA, 2011-04-01T00:00:00, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-028507","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Alvord Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.593333,35.063333 ], [ -116.593333,35.093333 ], [ -116.534722,35.093333 ], [ -116.534722,35.063333 ], [ -116.593333,35.063333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7f81e4b0824b2d14781d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Robert E.","contributorId":113220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509928,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70150342,"text":"70150342 - 2011 - Microhabitat use and seasonal movements of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon in the Savannah River, South Carolina--Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-29T11:45:27","indexId":"70150342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhabitat use and seasonal movements of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon in the Savannah River, South Carolina--Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>Radio and acoustic telemetry were used to monitor the seasonal movement of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon (622-927 mm total length) in the Savannah River. Diploid, and sterile hatchery-reared shortnose sturgeon, and wild shortnose sturgeon showed apparent similar seasonal patterns of movement within the river. We were unable to detect any significant differences in the seasonal mean river location, minimum daily distance moved, absolute distance moved, displacement or mean territory size among treatments. Fish moved throughout the brackish and freshwater interface area of the Savannah River during the summer months. Coinciding with decreasing fall temperatures, fish of all treatment groups moved downriver into brackish areas of the upper estuary, residing in the Front, Middle, and Back Rivers, where they remained through winter. Upriver movements of some hatchery-reared and wild groups began in early February as river temperatures began to increase. Shortnose sturgeon from each group selected apparent similar thermal, salinity and water depth conditions throughout the year. Hatchery-reared fish may be useful as surrogates for wild fish in behavioural studies. Triploid or surgically-sterilized fish may be used <i>in situ</i> behavioural studies where genetic contamination is a concern. It may be possible to monitor habitats used by released hatchery-reared fish to locate or verify remnant populations of rare or endangered species in systems where they are thought to be extirpated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01756.x","usgsCitation":"Trested, D., Ware, K., Bakal, R., and Isely, J.J., 2011, Microhabitat use and seasonal movements of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon in the Savannah River, South Carolina--Georgia: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 454-461, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01756.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020790","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01756.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55926ce9e4b0b6d21dd67887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trested, D.G.","contributorId":98093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trested","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ware, K.M.","contributorId":86603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ware","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bakal, R.","contributorId":145420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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