{"pageNumber":"177","pageRowStart":"4400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11370,"records":[{"id":70027442,"text":"70027442 - 2004 - Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027442","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The permanent and dynamic (transient) stress changes inferred to trigger earthquakes are usually orders of magnitude smaller than the stresses relaxed by the earthquakes themselves, implying that triggering occurs on critically stressed faults. Triggered seismicity rate increases may therefore be most likely to occur in areas where loading rates are highest and elevated pore pressures, perhaps facilitated by high-temperature fluids, reduce frictional stresses and promote failure. Here we show that the 2002 magnitude M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake triggered wide-spread seismicity rate increases throughout British Columbia and into the western United States. Dynamic triggering by seismic waves should be enhanced in directions where rupture directivity focuses radiated energy, and we verify this using seismic and new high-sample GPS recordings of the Denali mainshock. These observations are comparable in scale only to the triggering caused by the 1992 M = 7.4 Landers, California, earthquake, and demonstrate that Landers triggering did not reflect some peculiarity of the region or the earthquake. However, the rate increases triggered by the Denali earthquake occurred in areas not obviously tectonically active, implying that even in areas of low ambient stressing rates, faults may still be critically stressed and that dynamic triggering may be ubiquitous and unpredictable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature02335","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Bodin, P., Larson, K., and Dragert, H., 2004, Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake: Nature, v. 427, no. 6975, p. 621-624, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02335.","startPage":"621","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211084,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02335"},{"id":238260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"427","issue":"6975","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04fae4b0c8380cd50bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, K.","contributorId":36355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dragert, H.","contributorId":8612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dragert","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027089,"text":"70027089 - 2004 - Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T14:08:46.50932","indexId":"70027089","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1239,"text":"Ciencias Marinas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Apparent threats to the spatial distribution of seagrass in San Quintín Bay prompted us to make a detailed assessment of habitats in the bay. Six coastal habitats and three seagrass subclasses were delineated using airborne digital multispectral videography (DMSV). Eelgrass, Zostera marina, was the predominant seagrass and covered 40% (1949 ha) of the areal extent of the bay in 1999. Eelgrass grew over a wide range of tidal depths from about –3.0 m mean lower low water (MLLW) to about 1.0 m MLLW, but greatest spatial extent occurred in intertidal areas –0.6 m to 1.0 m MLLW. Exposed-continuous (i.e., high density) eelgrass was the most abundant habitat in the bay. Widgeongrass, <i>Ruppia maritima</i>, was the only other seagrass present and covered 3% (136 ha) of the areal extent of the entire bay. Widgeongrass grew in single species stands in the upper intertidal (≥ 0.4 MLLW) and intermixed with eelgrass at lower tidal depths. Overall accuracy of the six habitat classes and three subclasses in the DMSV map was relatively high at 84%. Our detailed map of San Quintín Bay can be used in future change detection analyses to monitor the health of seagrasses in the bay.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Institute of Oceanographic Research, University of Baja California","doi":"10.7773/cm.v30i11.121","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Tibbitts, T.L., Morton, A., Carrera-Gonzalez, E., and Kempka, R., 2004, Use of digital multispectral videography to assess seagrass distribution in San Quintin Bay, Baja California, Mexico: Ciencias Marinas, v. 30, no. 1A, p. 47-60, https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v30i11.121.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v30i11.121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Baja California, San Quintin Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.05133056640625,\n              30.36695095297672\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.92361450195311,\n              30.36695095297672\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.92361450195311,\n              30.501934231542496\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.05133056640625,\n              30.501934231542496\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.05133056640625,\n              30.36695095297672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee5e4b08c986b329845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Alexandra","contributorId":42323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carrera-Gonzalez, Eduardo","contributorId":65638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrera-Gonzalez","given":"Eduardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kempka, R.","contributorId":59315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempka","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027143,"text":"70027143 - 2004 - Structural complexity and land-surface energy exchange along a gradient from arctic tundra to boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T16:50:17.407006","indexId":"70027143","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural complexity and land-surface energy exchange along a gradient from arctic tundra to boreal forest","docAbstract":"Question: Current climate changes in the Alaskan Arctic, which are characterized by increases in temperature and length of growing season, could alter vegetation structure, especially through increases in shrub cover or the movement of treeline. These changes in vegetation structure have consequences for the climate system. What is the relationship between structural complexity and partitioning of surface energy along a gradient from tundra through shrub tundra to closed canopy forest? Location: Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in the Alaskan Arctic. Methods: Along this gradient of increasing canopy complexity, we measured key vegetation characteristics, including community composition, biomass, cover, height, leaf area index and stem area index. We relate these vegetation characteristics to albedo and the partitioning of net radiation into ground, latent, and sensible heating fluxes. Results: Canopy complexity increased along the sequence from tundra to forest due to the addition of new plant functional types. This led to non-linear changes in biomass, cover, and height in the understory. The increased canopy complexity resulted in reduced ground heat fluxes, relatively conserved latent heat fluxes and increased sensible heat fluxes. The localized warming associated with increased sensible heating over more complex canopies may amplify regional warming, causing further vegetation change in the Alaskan Arctic.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02277.x","usgsCitation":"Thompson, C., Beringer, J., Chapin, F.S., and McGuire, A., 2004, Structural complexity and land-surface energy exchange along a gradient from arctic tundra to boreal forest: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 15, no. 3, p. 397-406, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02277.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027146,"text":"70027146 - 2004 - Bryophytes from Simeonof Island in the Shumagin Islands, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T17:15:10.638814","indexId":"70027146","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2548,"text":"Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bryophytes from Simeonof Island in the Shumagin Islands, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Simeonof Island is located south of the Alaska Peninsula in the hyperoceanic sector of the middle boreal subzone. We examined the bryoflora of Simeonof Island to determine species composition in an area where no previous collections had been reported. This field study was conducted in sites selected to represent the spectrum of environmental variation within Simeonof Island. Data were analyzed using published reports to compare bryophyte distribution patterns at three levels, the Northern Hemisphere, North America, and Alaska. A total of 271 bryophytes were identified: 202 mosses and 69 liverworts. The annotated list of species for Simeonof Island expands the known range for many species and fills distribution gaps within <span>Hultén's</span> Western Pacific Coast district. Maps and notes on the distribution of 14 significant distribution records are presented. Compared with bryophyte distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, the bryoflora of Simeonof Island primarily includes taxa of boreal (55%), temperate (20%), arctic (10%), and cosmopolitan (8%) distribution; 6% of the moss flora are western North America endemics. A description of the bryophytes present in the vegetation and habitat types is provided as is a quantitative analysis of the most frequently occurring bryophytes in crowberry heath.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hattori Botanical Laboratory","doi":"10.18968/jhbl.95.0_155","usgsCitation":"Schofield, W., Talbot, S., and Talbot, S.L., 2004, Bryophytes from Simeonof Island in the Shumagin Islands, southwestern Alaska: Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, v. 95, p. 155-198, https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.95.0_155.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Simeonof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.3511962890625,\n              54.838663612975104\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.136962890625,\n              54.838663612975104\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.136962890625,\n              54.97446103959508\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.3511962890625,\n              54.97446103959508\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.3511962890625,\n              54.838663612975104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2a0e4b0c8380cd4b269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Wilfred B.","contributorId":97827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Wilfred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027147,"text":"70027147 - 2004 - Emplacement, rapid burial, and exhumation of 90-Ma plutons in southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T17:02:34","indexId":"70027147","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement, rapid burial, and exhumation of 90-Ma plutons in southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"In southeastern Alaska, granodiorite-tonalite plutons of the Admiralty-Revillagigedo belt intruded the Jurassic-Cretaceous Gravina belt along the eastern side of the Alexander terrane around 90 Ma. These plutons postdate some deformation related to a major contractional event between the previously amalgamated Wrangellia and Alexander terranes and the previously accreted terranes of the North American margin. We studied the aureole mineral assemblages of these plutons near Petersburg, Alaska, determined pressure and temperature of equilibration, and examined structures that developed within and adjacent to these plutons. Parallelism of magmatic and submagmatic fabrics with fabrics in the country rock indicates synchroneity of pluton emplacement with regional deformation and suggests that magma transport to higher crustal levels was assisted by regional deformation. Replacement of andalusite by kyanite or sillimanite indicates crustal thickening soon after pluton emplacement. Regional structural analysis indicates the crustal thickening was accomplished by thrust burial. Thermobarometric analyses indicate the aureoles reached near-peak temperatures of 525 to 635 ??C at pressures of 570 to 630 MPa. Consideration of the rate of thermal decay of the aureoles suggests that burial was rapid and occurred at rates around 5 to 8 mm/year. Structural observations indicate there was contractional deformation before, during, and after emplacement of the 90-Ma plutons. Initial exhumation of the Admiralty-Revillagedo belt in the Petersburg area may have occurred along a thrust west of the pluton belt within the Gravina belt. ?? 2004 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e03-087","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Himmelberg, G.R., Haeussler, P.J., and Brew, D.A., 2004, Emplacement, rapid burial, and exhumation of 90-Ma plutons in southeastern Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 41, no. 1, p. 87-102, https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-087.","startPage":"87","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-087"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0916e4b0c8380cd51dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186262,"text":"70186262 - 2004 - Population demographics, survival, and reporduction: Alaska sea otter research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:46:41","indexId":"70186262","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Population demographics, survival, and reporduction: Alaska sea otter research","docAbstract":"<p>The fundamental force behind population change is the balance between age-specific survival and reproductive rates. Thus, understanding population demographics is crucial when trying to interpret trends in population change over time. For many species, demographic rates change as the population’s status (i.e., relative to prey resources) varies. Indices of body condition indicative of individual energy reserves can be a useful gauge of population status. Integrated studies designed to measure (1) population trends; (2) current population status; and (3) demographic rates will provide the most complete picture of the factors driving observed population changes. In particular, estimates of age specific survival and reproduction in conjunction with measures of population change can be integrated into population matrix models useful in explaining observed trends. We focus here on the methods used to measure demographic rates in sea otters, and note the importance of comparable methods between studies. Next, we review the current knowledge of the influence of population status on demographic parameters. We end with examples of the power of matrix modeling as a tool to integrate various types of demographic information for detecting otherwise hard to detect changes in demographic parameters.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska sea otter research workshop: Addressing the decline of the southwestern Alaska sea otter population","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Alaska Sea Otter Research Workshop","conferenceDate":"5-7 April 2004","conferenceLocation":"Seward, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.4027/asorw.2004","isbn":"1-56612-088-8","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Bodkin, J.L., Doak, D., Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., and Siniff, D., 2004, Population demographics, survival, and reporduction: Alaska sea otter research, <i>in</i> Alaska sea otter research workshop: Addressing the decline of the southwestern Alaska sea otter population, Seward, AK, 5-7 April 2004, p. 60-70, https://doi.org/10.4027/asorw.2004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40641","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f82e4b09da67997ecbd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Maldini, Daniela","contributorId":190288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maldini","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, Donald","contributorId":190289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calkins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Shannon","contributorId":190290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meehan, Rosa","contributorId":190291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meehan","given":"Rosa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Siniff, D.B.","contributorId":32869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siniff","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185286,"text":"70185286 - 2004 - Spatial variation in shorebird nest success: Implications for inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T15:09:06","indexId":"70185286","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in shorebird nest success: Implications for inference","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of nest success are widely applied in order to evaluate a multitude of theoretical and practical issues. Frequently, however, researchers fail to limit their inferences to the appropriate spatial scale. We evaluated small-scale variation in nest success of Western Sandpipers <i>Calidris mauri</i> during a four-year study on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. We use these data to demonstrate that small-scale variation in nest success can significantly alter a researcher's interpretation of the factors affecting that reproductive parameter. In the absence of a statistically valid sampling design, researchers must be very careful about making inferences for areas beyond their actual study site. Properly designed studies allow for broader inferential power, but the logistical and financial hurdles involved in designing and implementing such a study are daunting. Metareplication can enhance one's confidence in the interpretation of local results, but should not be seen as a substitute for well-designed sampling schemes implemented across broad geographic scales. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"McCaffery, B.J., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2004, Spatial variation in shorebird nest success: Implications for inference: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 103, p. 67-70.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/publications/bulletin/bulletin-vol-volume-106-and-earlier/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59de4b0849ce97f0ce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186594,"text":"70186594 - 2004 - Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T12:03:34","indexId":"70186594","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>Since the advent of satellite passive microwave radiometry (1978), variations in sea ice extent and concentration have been carefully monitored from space. An estimated 7.4% decrease in sea ice extent has occurred in the last 25 yr (Johannessen et al. 2004), with recent record minima (e.g., Maslanik et al. 1999; Serreze et al. 2003) accounting for much of the decline. Comparisons between the time series of Arctic sea ice melt dynamics and snowmelt dates at the NOAA–CMDL Barrow Observatory (BRW) reveal intriguing correlations.</p><p>Melt-onset dates over sea ice (Drobot and Anderson 2001) were cross correlated with the melt-date time series from BRW, and a prominent region of high correlation between snowmelt onset over sea ice and the BRW record of melt dates was approximately aligned with the climatological center of the Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (BSA). The BSA induces anticyclonic ice motion in the region, effectively forcing the&nbsp;Beaufort gyre. A weak gyre caused by a breakdown of the BSA diminishes transport of multiyear ice into this region (Drobot and Maslanik 2003). Similarly, the annual snow cycle at BRW varies with the position and intensity of the BSA (Stone et al. 2002, their Fig. 6). Thus, variations in the BSA appear to have far-reaching effects on the annual accumulation and subsequent melt of snow over a large region of the western Arctic.</p><p>A dramatic increase in melt season duration (Belchansky et al. 2004) was also observed within the same region of high correlation between onset of melt over the ice pack and snowmelt at BRW (Fig. 5.7). By inference, this suggests linkages between factors that modulate the annual cycle of snow on land and processes that influence melting of snow and ice in the western Arctic Ocean.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-85-6-Levinson","usgsCitation":"Stone, R.S., Belchansky, G., Drobot, S., and Douglas, D., 2004, Diminishing sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 85, no. 6 - Special Section, p. S32-S33, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-6-Levinson.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"S32","endPage":"S33","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"6 - Special Section","publicComments":"This publication is a section of the Special Section (titled \"State of the Climate in 2003\") of volume 85, no.6 of this journal.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60274e4b09da6799ac695","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Levinson, D.H.","contributorId":190585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levinson","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waple, A.M.","contributorId":190586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waple","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, R. S.","contributorId":47021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drobot, Sheldon","contributorId":174038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobot","given":"Sheldon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185287,"text":"70185287 - 2004 - Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers <i>Calidris bairdii</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:33:10","indexId":"70185287","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers <i>Calidris bairdii</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Baird's Sandpipers<i> Calidris bairdii</i> were found nesting in alpine habitat in southwestern Alaska (60°48'N, 154°00'W), almost 250 km from the nearest known breeding site, and studied over three consecutive seasons, 1997-1999. The first birds arrived during the second week of May each spring with peak numbers recorded the third week of May. Most nests and newly hatched broods were found on sparsely vegetated dwarf shrub-lichen mat tundra on level or gently sloping areas throughout the alpine zone between 980 and 1400 m above sea level. Most eggs hatched during the third week of June and independent young were noted during the second and third weeks of July. Both parents initially tended broods, but only the male remained after chicks were about four days of age. During early brood-rearing, adults began to move chicks, often to higher elevations and over distances of several hundred metres. Throughout the area the density of nesting birds was about 0.2 pairs/km 2 with up to 0.9 pairs/km 2 found on southerly exposures of the north study slope. A summary of available information revealed the global nesting distribution of bairdii to be strongly associated with disturbed landscapes, especially montane areas affected by glaciation, suggesting the breeding range is likely to be much more extensive than currently known, especially in areas of Alaska, the Yukon, and possibly Chukotka. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Tomkovich, P.S., 2004, Subarctic, alpine nesting by Bairds Sandpipers <i>Calidris bairdii</i>: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 104, p. 39-50.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waderstudygroup.org/publications/bulletin/bulletin-vol-volume-106-and-earlier/","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Turquoise Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.2755126953125,\n              60.65703151551042\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.59161376953125,\n              60.65703151551042\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.59161376953125,\n              60.95044319087129\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2755126953125,\n              60.95044319087129\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.2755126953125,\n              60.65703151551042\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59de4b0849ce97f0ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomkovich, Pavel S.","contributorId":55333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomkovich","given":"Pavel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6930,"text":"Zoological Museum of Moscow, MV Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026565,"text":"70026565 - 2004 - Textural, compositional, and sulfur isotope variations of sulfide minerals in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for Ore Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70026565","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Textural, compositional, and sulfur isotope variations of sulfide minerals in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for Ore Formation","docAbstract":"The Red Dog Zn-Pb deposits are hosted in organic-rich mudstone and shale of the Mississippian Kuna Formation. A complex mineralization history is defined by four sphalerite types or stages: (1) early brown sphalerite, (2) yellow-brown sphalerite, (3) red-brown sphalerite, and (4) late tan sphalerite. Stages 2 and 3 constitute the main ore-forming event and are volumetrically the most important. Sulfides in stages 1 and 2 were deposited with barite, whereas stage 3 largely replaces barite. Distinct chemical differences exist among the different stages of sphalerite. From early brown sphalerite to later yellow-brown sphalerite and red-brown sphalerite, Fe and Co content generally increase and Mn and Tl content generally decrease. Early brown sphalerite contains no more than 1.9 wt percent Fe and 63 ppm Co, with high Mn (up to 37 ppm) and Tl (126 ppm), whereas yellow-brown sphalerite and red-brown sphalerite contain high Fe (up to 7.3 wt %) and Co (up to 382 ppm), and low Mn (<27 ppm) and Tl (<37 ppm). Late tan sphalerite has distinctly lower Fe (< 0.9 wt %) and higher Tl (up to 355 ppm), Mn (up to 177 ppm), and Ge (426 ppm), relative to earlier sphalerite. Wide ranges in concentrations of Ag, Cu, Pb, and Sb characterize all sphalerite types, particularly yellow-brown sphalerite and red-brown sphalerite, and most likely reflect submicroscopic inclusions of galena, chalcopyrite and/or tetrahedrite in the sphalerite. In situ ion microprobe sulfur isotope analyses show a progression from extremely low ??34S values for stage 1 (as low as -37.20???) to much higher values for yellow-brown sphalerite (mean of 3.3???; n = 30) and red-brown sphalerite (mean of 3.4; n = 20). Late tan sphalerite is isotopically light (-16.4 to -27.2???). The textural, chem ical, and isotopic data indicate the following paragenesis: (1) deposition of early brown sphalerite with abundant barite, minor pyrite, and trace galena immediately beneath the sea floor in unconsolidated mud; (2) deposition of yellow-brown sphalerite during subsea-floor hydrothermal recrystallization and coarsening of preexisting barite; (3) open-space deposition of barite, red-brown sphalerite and other sulfides in veins and coeval replacement of barite; and (4) postore sulfide deposition, including the formation of late tan sphalerite breccias. Stage 1 mineralization took place in a low-temperature environment where fluids rich in Ba mixed with pore water or water-column sulfate to form barite, and metals combined with H2S derived from bacterial sulfate reduction to form sulfides. Higher temperatures and salinities and relatively oxidized ore-stage fluids (stages 2 and 3) compared with stage 1 were probably important controls on the abundances and relative amounts of metals in the fluids and the resulting sulfide chemistry. Textural observations and isotopic data show that preexisting barite was reductively dissolved, providing a source of H2S for sulfide mineral formation. In stage 3, the continued flow of hydrothermal fluids caused thermal alteration of organic-rich mudstones and a build-up of methane that led to fluid overpressuring, hydrofracturing, and vein formation. Barite, red-brown sphalerite, and other sulfides were deposited in the veins, and preexisting barite was pervasively replaced by red-brown sphalerite. Hydrothermal activity ceased until Jurassic time when thrusting and large-scale fluid flow related to the Brookian orogeny remobilized and formed late tan sphalerite in tectonic breccias. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1509","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Leach, D.L., Johnson, C.A., Clark, J., Fayek, M., Slack, J.F., Anderson, V., Ayuso, R., and Ridley, W., 2004, Textural, compositional, and sulfur isotope variations of sulfide minerals in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for Ore Formation: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1509-1532, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1509.","startPage":"1509","endPage":"1532","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1509"},{"id":234056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba601e4b08c986b320e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, J.L.","contributorId":32708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fayek, M.","contributorId":58061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fayek","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, V.M.","contributorId":36334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026543,"text":"70026543 - 2004 - Sulfur and oxygen isotopes in barite deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for the origin of the Red Dog massive sulfide deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026543","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur and oxygen isotopes in barite deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for the origin of the Red Dog massive sulfide deposits","docAbstract":"Sulfur and oxygen isotope analyses have been obtained for barite samples from the giant stratiform sulfide barite deposits at Red Dog in the western Brooks Range of Alaska, from stratiform barite deposits elsewhere in the Red Dog district, and from stratiform and vein and breccia barite occurrences in the central Brooks Range. Twelve of the 15 deposits studied lie within middle to Upper Mississippian black shale and chert units. The data reveal two different patterns on ?? 34S versus ??18O plots. The first, which is best illustrated by the barite deposit at Anarraaq, shows linear trends with slopes that vary with barite texture. For most samples, ??34S and ??18O values are both higher than the values characteristic of Mississippian marine sulfate. The second pattern, which is evident at the Red Dog deposits, shows no correlation between ??34S and ??18. In most samples, ??18O is below the value for Mississippian marine sulfate. Comparisons with sulfate in modern marine environments suggest a possible model for the mineralizing process. Anarraaq-type barite formed at sea-floor vents where ascending fluids carrying barium and methane encountered sulfate-bearing pore waters or bottom waters. Barite deposition was accompanied by the reduction of sulfate to H2S by means of microbially mediated anaerobic methane oxidation. Red Dog-type barite was formed in a manner similar to Anarraaq-type barite but was over-printed by a massive sulfide-forming event. Red Dog sulfides precipitated where metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids encountered pore waters that had been charged with H2S by anaerobic methane oxidation. Textural and isotopic evidence indicates that the sulfide bodies grew by consuming the available H2S and then by reductively dissolving barite. Dissolution of barite caused barium to be released to higher stratigraphic levels where it was reprecipitated on encountering sulfate. Isotopic evidence is pre sented for a link between methane venting and barite formation and raises the possibility that the coexistence of barite and sulfide at Red Dog, and the occurrence elsewhere in the district of barite-only and sulfide-only deposits, can be explained by a spectrum of vent types in the Mississippian basin analogous to the spectrum that is observed today along the modern continental margins. Authigenic barite formed at some but not all methane seeps, perhaps owing to differences in the barium content of vent fluids, differences in the relative proportion of aqueous fluid and gas emanating from vents, or differences in sulfate availability in local bottom waters. Some barite-forming seeps were later replaced by sulfides (Red Dog deposits) whereas others were not (e.g., Anarraaq barite horizon, Gull Creek, Moil). At sulfide occurrences where there is little evidence of preexisting barite (e.g., Anarraaq, Wulik, Suds), methane venting is indicated by fossils suggestive of chemosynthetic fauna. Mammiform sedimentary structures that are widespread in black chert at the top of the Kuna Formation may represent seeps that supported neither authigenic mineral formation nor chemosynthetic megafauna. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1435","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Kelley, K., and Leach, D.L., 2004, Sulfur and oxygen isotopes in barite deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for the origin of the Red Dog massive sulfide deposits: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1435-1448, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1435.","startPage":"1435","endPage":"1448","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1435"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dcfe4b08c986b31dac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188801,"text":"70188801 - 2004 - A molecular comparison of Alaskan and North East Atlantic Halicondria panicea (Pallas 1766) (Porifera: Demospongiae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:18:03","indexId":"70188801","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"A molecular comparison of Alaskan and North East Atlantic <i>Halicondria panicea</i> (Pallas 1766) (Porifera: Demospongiae)","title":"A molecular comparison of Alaskan and North East Atlantic Halicondria panicea (Pallas 1766) (Porifera: Demospongiae)","docAbstract":"<p>The intraspecific relationships between populations of Alaskan <i>Halichondria</i> cf. <i>panicea</i> are the subjects of ongoing research. In this study we compare CO1 sequences of Alaskan <i>Halichondria</i> cf. <i>panicea</i> with North East Atlantic <i>Halichondria panicea</i> and its sister species <i>Halichondria bowerbanki</i>. Alaskan <i>Halichondria</i> cf. <i>panicea</i> form a well-supported sister group to the European <i>Halichondria panicea</i>/ <i>H. bowerbanki</i> species complex in the resulting gene tree and cluster distantly from their European conspecifics.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sponge science in the new millennium: Papers contributed to the VI International Sponge Conference, Rapallo, Italy, 29th September - 5th October 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"VI International Sponge Conference","conferenceDate":"Rapallo, Italy","conferenceLocation":"September 29 - October 5, 2002","language":"English","publisher":"Università di Genova","publisherLocation":"Genova, Italy","usgsCitation":"Erpenbeck, D., Knowlton, A.L., Talbot, S.L., Highsmith, R.C., and van Soest, R.W., 2004, A molecular comparison of Alaskan and North East Atlantic Halicondria panicea (Pallas 1766) (Porifera: Demospongiae), <i>in</i> Sponge science in the new millennium: Papers contributed to the VI International Sponge Conference, Rapallo, Italy, 29th September - 5th October 2002, v. 68, September 29 - October 5, 2002, Rapallo, Italy, p. 319-325.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bmib.it/en/pubblicazioni.php?v=1"}],"volume":"68","publicComments":"These conference proceedings were published as volume 68 of the journal \"Bollettino dei Musei e Degli Istituti Biologici dell'Università di Genova.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5950cba7e4b062508e3b1cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erpenbeck, Dirk","contributorId":189457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erpenbeck","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24684,"text":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowlton, Anne L.","contributorId":73888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Highsmith, Ray C.","contributorId":92119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Highsmith","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Soest, Rob W.M.","contributorId":15168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Soest","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"W.M.","affiliations":[{"id":24684,"text":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027182,"text":"70027182 - 2004 - Variation in responses to spawning Pacific salmon among three south-eastern Alaska streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027182","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in responses to spawning Pacific salmon among three south-eastern Alaska streams","docAbstract":"1. Pacific salmon are thought to stimulate the productivity of the fresh waters in which they spawn by fertilising them with marine-derived nutrients (MDN). We compared the influence of salmon spawners on surface streamwater chemistry and benthic biota among three southeastern Alaska streams. Within each stream, reaches up- and downstream of barriers to salmon migration were sampled during or soon after spawners entered the streams. 2. Within streams, concentrations of dissolved ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), abundance of epilithon (chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass) and biomass of chironomids were significantly higher in reaches with salmon spawners. In contrast, biomass of the mayflies Epeorus spp. and Rhithrogena spp. was significantly higher in reaches lacking spawners. 3. Among streams, significant differences were found in concentrations of dissolved ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate and SRP, abundance of epilithon, and the biomass of chironomids and Rhithrogena. These differences did not appear to reflect differences among streams in spawner density, nor the changes in water chemistry resulting from salmon spawners. 4. Our results suggest that the 'enrichment' effect of salmon spawners (e.g. increased streamwater nutrient concentrations) was balanced by other concurrent effects of spawners on streams (e.g. sediment disturbance). Furthermore, the collective effect of spawners on lotic ecosystems is likely to be constrained by conditions unique to individual streams, such as temperature, background water chemistry and light attenuation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01213.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Chaloner, D.T., Lamberti, G.A., Merritt, R., Mitchell, N., Ostrom, P., and Wipfli, M., 2004, Variation in responses to spawning Pacific salmon among three south-eastern Alaska streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 587-599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01213.x.","startPage":"587","endPage":"599","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489834,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01213.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01213.x"},{"id":235413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc163e4b08c986b32a552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaloner, D. T.","contributorId":54388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaloner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamberti, G. A.","contributorId":44229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamberti","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merritt, R.W.","contributorId":30588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, N.L.","contributorId":46266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostrom, P.H.","contributorId":38753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrom","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wipfli, M.S.","contributorId":51963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026305,"text":"70026305 - 2004 - Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026305","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters","docAbstract":"Sea otters (Enhydra lutris (L.)) were hunted to extinction off the coast of Washington State early in the 20th century. A new population was established by translocations from Alaska in 1969 and 1970. The population, currently numbering at least 550 animals, A major threat to the population is the ongoing risk of majour oil spills in sea otter habitat. We apply population models to census and demographic data in order to evaluate the status of the population. We fit several density dependent models to test for density dependence and determine plausible values for the carrying capacity (K) by comparing model goodness of fit to an exponential model. Model fits were compared using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). A significant negative relationship was found between the population growth rate and population size (r2=0.27, F=5.57, df=16, p<0.05), suggesting density dependence in Washington state sea otters. Information criterion statistics suggest that the model is the most parsimonious, followed closely by the logistic Beverton-Holt model. Values of K ranged from 612 to 759 with best-fit parameter estimates for the Beverton-Holt model including 0.26 for r and 612 for K. The latest (2001) population index count (555) puts the population at 87-92% of the estimated carrying capacity, above the suggested range for optimum sustainable population (OSP). Elasticity analysis was conducted to examine the effects of proportional changes in vital rates on the population growth rate (??). The elasticity values indicate the population is most sensitive to changes in survival rates (particularly adult survival).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1","issn":"09603115","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L., Buenau, K., and VanBlaricom, G., 2004, Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 13, no. 14, p. 2741-2757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1.","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2757","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208550,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-2146-1"},{"id":234364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea5e4b0c8380cd4ee47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, L.R.","contributorId":33097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buenau, K.E.","contributorId":29176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buenau","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanBlaricom, G.","contributorId":17936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026311,"text":"70026311 - 2004 - An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026311","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Bering Glacier is the largest and longest glacier in continental North America, with an area of approximately 5,175 km2, and a length of 190 km. It is also the largest surging glacier in America, having surged at least five times during the twentieth century. The last surge of the Bering Glacier occurred in 1993-1995, since then, the glacier has undergone constant and significant retreat thereby expanding the boundaries of Vitus Lake and creating a highly dynamic system, both ecologically and hydrologically. This study utilized GIS to integrate remote sensing observations, with detailed bathymetric, hydrographic and in situ water quality measurements of the rapidly expanding Vitus Lake. Vitus Lake has nearly doubled in surface area from 58.4 km2 to 108.8 km2, with a corresponding increase in water volume from 6.1 km3 to 10.5 km3 over the same period. The remote sensing observations were used to direct a systematic bathymetric, hydrographic and water quality measurement survey in Vitus Lake which revealed a complex three dimensional structure that is the result of sea water inflow, convection generated by ice melting and the injection of fresh water from beneath the glacier.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., Payne, J., Savage, S., Shuchman, R., and Meadows, G., 2004, An integrated geospatial approach to monitoring the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 1140-1143.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1143","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea80e4b0c8380cd488e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, J.","contributorId":37126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, S.","contributorId":103049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shuchman, R.","contributorId":44719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, G.","contributorId":38439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026343,"text":"70026343 - 2004 - Remote sensing of frozen lakes on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026343","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing of frozen lakes on the North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"We used synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the ERS-2 remote sensing satellite to map the freeze condition of lakes on Alaska's North Slope, the geographic region to the north of the Brooks Range. An mage from March 1997, to coincide with the period of maximum freeze depth, was used for the frozen lake mapping. Emphasis was placed on distinguishing between lakes frozen to the lakebed and lakes with some portion unfrozen to the bed (a binary classification). The result of the analysis is a map identifying lakes as frozen to the lakebed and lakes not frozen to the lakebed. This analysis of one SAR image has shown the feasibility of a simple technique for mapping frozen lake condition for supporting decision making and understanding impacts of climate change on the North Slope.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004","conferenceDate":"20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"French, N., Savage, S., Shuchman, R., Edson, R., Payne, J., and Josberger, E., 2004, Remote sensing of frozen lakes on the North Slope of Alaska, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 5, Anchorage, AK, 20 September 2004 through 24 September 2004, p. 3008-3011.","startPage":"3008","endPage":"3011","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa701e4b0c8380cd85186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, N.","contributorId":92022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, S.","contributorId":103049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shuchman, R.","contributorId":44719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edson, R.","contributorId":92023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, J.","contributorId":37126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Josberger, E.","contributorId":106653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026371,"text":"70026371 - 2004 - Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:59:47.056133","indexId":"70026371","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964","docAbstract":"<p>Stress transfer from the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake is modeled on the Denali fault, including the Denali-Totschunda fault segments that ruptured in 2002, and on other regional fault systems where M 7.5 and larger earthquakes have occurred since 1900. The results indicate that analysis of Coulomb stress transfer from the dominant earthquake in a region is a potentially powerful tool in assessing time-varying earthquake hazard. Modeled Coulomb stress increases on the northern Denali and Totschunda faults from the great 1964 earthquake coincide with zones that ruptured in the 2002 Denali fault earthquake, although stress on the Susitna Glacier thrust plane, where the 2002 event initiated, was decreased. A southeasterlytrending Coulomb stress transect along the right-lateral Totschunda-Fairweather-Queen Charlotte trend shows stress transfer from the 1964 event advancing slip on the Totschunda, Fairweather, and Queen Charlotte segments, including the southern Fairweather segment that ruptured in 1972. Stress transfer retarding right-lateral strike slip was observed from the southern part of the Totschunda fault to the northern end of the Fairweather fault (1958 rupture). This region encompasses a gap with shallow thrust faulting but with little evidence of strike-slip faulting connecting the segments to the northwest and southeast. Stress transfer toward failure was computed on the north-south trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in the Gulf of Alaska that ruptured in 1987 and 1988, with inhibitory stress changes at the northern end of the northernmost (1987) rupture. The northern Denali and Totschunda faults, including the zones that ruptured in the 2002 earthquakes, follow very closely (within 3%), for about <span>90°</span>, an arc of a circle of radius 375 km. The center of this circle is within a few kilometers of the intersection at depth of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust. This inferred asperity edge may be the pole of counterclockwise rotation of the block south of the Denali fault. These observations suggest that the asperity and its recurrent rupture in great earthquakes as in 1964 may have influenced the tectonics of the region during the later stages of evolution of the Denali strike-slip fault system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120040622","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2004, Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 6B, p. S145-S155, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040622.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"S145","endPage":"S155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026402,"text":"70026402 - 2004 - Multistage hydrothermal silicification and Fe-Tl-As-Sb-Ge-REE enrichment in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district, northern Alaska: Geochemistry, origin, and exploration applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026402","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multistage hydrothermal silicification and Fe-Tl-As-Sb-Ge-REE enrichment in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district, northern Alaska: Geochemistry, origin, and exploration applications","docAbstract":"Geochemical analyses of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in more than 200 samples of variably silicified and altered wall rocks, massive and banded sulfide, silica rock, and sulfide-rich and unmineralized barite were obtained from the Main, Aqqaluk, and Anarraaq deposits in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district of northern Alaska. Detailed lithogeochemical profiles for two drill cores at Aqqaluk display an antithetic relationship between SiO2/Al2O3 and TiO2/Zr which, together with textural information, suggest preferential silicification of carbonate-bearing sediments. Data for both drill cores also show generally high Tl, Sb, As, and Ge and uniformly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* > 1.0). Similar high Tl, Sb, As, Ge, and Eu/Eu* values are present in the footwall and shallow hanging wall of Zn-Pb-Ag sulfide intervals at Anarraaq but are not as widely dispersed. Net chemical changes for altered wall rocks in the district, on the basis of average Al-normalized data relative to unaltered black shales of the host Kuna Formation, include large enrichments (>50%) of Fe, Ba, Eu, V, S, Co, Zn, Pb, Tl, As, Sb, and Ge at both Red Dog and Anarraaq, Si at Red Dog, and Sr, U, and Se at Anarraaq. Large depletions (>50%) are evident for Ca at both Red Dog and Anarraaq, for Mg, P, and Y at Red Dog, and for Na at Anarraaq. At both Red Dog and Anarraaq, wall-rock alteration removed calcite and minor dolomite during hydrothermal decarbonation reactions and introduced Si, Eu, and Ge during silicification. Sulfidation reactions deposited Fe, S, Co, Zn, Pb, Tl, As, and Sb; barite mineralization introduced Ba, S, and Sr. Light REE and U were mobilized locally. This alteration and mineralization occurred during Mississippi an hydrothermal events that predated the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous Brookian orogeny. Early hydrothermal silicification at Red Dog took place prior to or during massive sulfide mineralization, on the basis of the dominantly planar nature of Zn-Pb veins, which suggests filling of fractures that developed in previously lithified rock. Uniformly low Ca and Mg and uniformly negative Ce anomalies in highly siliceous Red Dog wall rocks reflect hydrothermal decarbonation reactions and pervasive silicification owing to conductive cooling of oxidized metalliferous fluids. Similar Ca and Mg depletions are evident at Anarraaq but generally lack associated silicification, possibly because temperatures of the hydrothermal fluids were too low (<180??C) or because the thermal contrast between the fluids and wall rocks was smaller owing to the greater depth of alteration and mineralization there, compared with Red Dog. Chalcophile element anomalies (Fe, Zn, Pb, Tl, As, Sb) in wall rocks at both Red Dog and Anarraq are attributed to sulfidation reactions, coeval with subsurface Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization, during the mixing of oxidized metalliferous fluids with H2S-rich fluids derived locally within the Kuna Formation. Sedimentary wall rocks in the Red Dog district are characterized by a distinctive suite of geochemical anomalies, especially for Zn, Pb, Tl, As, Sb, Ge, and Eu/Eu*. At the Aqqaluk deposit, wall rocks without visible sphalerite or galena (<300 ppm Zn + Pb) have anomalous Eu/Eu*, Tl, Sb, and As for up to ???100 m stratigraphically below Zn-rich silica rock. At Anarraaq, the Tl anomaly is most extensively developed, and enrichment relative to unaltered black shale of the Kuna Formation is present up to 62 m above the highest Zn-Pb sulfide zones. The magnitude of the enrichment and systematic behavior of Tl in the district make Tl a promising geochemical exploration guide for Red Dog-type Zn-Pb-Ag deposits elsewhere. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1481","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Kelley, K., Anderson, V., Clark, J., and Ayuso, R., 2004, Multistage hydrothermal silicification and Fe-Tl-As-Sb-Ge-REE enrichment in the Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag district, northern Alaska: Geochemistry, origin, and exploration applications: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1481-1508, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1481.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1508","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1481"},{"id":234264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a9e4b0c8380cd715ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, V.M.","contributorId":36334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, J.L.","contributorId":32708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026438,"text":"70026438 - 2004 - Geochronology of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for the geologic evolution of the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026438","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for the geologic evolution of the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits","docAbstract":"A compilation of published geochronology of rocks and minerals from the western and central Brooks Range provides a framework for understanding the complex history of the Brooks Range and northern Alaska. A simplified timeline of events comprises (1) Devonian extension, (2) Mississippian extension and Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization, (3) a passive interval, (4) pre-Brooks Range orogeny rock-formation and thermal event, (5) inception of Brooks Range orogeny, (6) exhumation and the end of main-stage deformation, and (7) subsequent episodic deformation. This compilation is supplemented by new 40Ar/39Ar dates of white mica from the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag (+ barite) deposits from the western Brooks Range. The deposits are hosted in black shale and carbonate rocks of the Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian Kuna Formation. Quartz-pyrite-white mica grains in sedimentary rocks above the Anarraaq deposit yield an age of 195.0 ?? 2.0 Ma, and paragenetically late quartz-pyrite-white mica from the Main orebody at the Red Dog deposit has an age of 126.1 ?? 0.7 Ma. These white micas are much younger than the age of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization at Red Dog (338 ?? 5.8 Ma Re-Os age of pyrite). The date for white mica from Anarraaq (???195 Ma) appears to be related to a large-scale thermal event in the region immediately before the inception of the Brooks Range orogeny. The white mica from the Red Dog deposit (???126 Ma) correlates with the later stages of the orogeny, a period of blueschist metamorphism, extension, and rapid exhumation, which varied with geographic location. These dates suggest that the Red Dog deposits underwent significant hydrothermal overprinting during multiple episodes of the Brooks Range orogeny. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1307","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rombach, C., and Layer, P., 2004, Geochronology of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for the geologic evolution of the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1307-1322, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1307.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1322","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1307"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1736e4b0c8380cd55425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rombach, C.S.","contributorId":52228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rombach","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layer, P.W.","contributorId":42398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026447,"text":"70026447 - 2004 - A special issue devoted to barite and Zn-Pb-Ag deposits in the Red Dog district, Western Brooks Range, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026447","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue devoted to barite and Zn-Pb-Ag deposits in the Red Dog district, Western Brooks Range, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1267","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., and Jennings, S., 2004, A special issue devoted to barite and Zn-Pb-Ag deposits in the Red Dog district, Western Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1267-1280, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1267.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1280","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1267"},{"id":234408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a3e4b0c8380cd46ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, S.","contributorId":25325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026520,"text":"70026520 - 2004 - Re-Os sulfide geochronology of the Red Dog sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026520","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-Os sulfide geochronology of the Red Dog sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Red Dog sediment-hosted deposit in the De Long Mountains of northern Alaska is the largest Zn producer in the world. Main stage mineralization is characterized by massive sulfide ore and crosscutting subvertical veins. Although the vein mineralization is clearly younger than the massive ore, the exact temporal relationship between the two is unclear. Re-Os geochronology of pyrite is used to determine the absolute age of main stage ore at Red Dog. A 10-point isochron on both massive and vein pyrite yields an age of 338.3 ?? 5.8 Ma and is interpreted to represent the age of main stage ore. The Re-Os data indicate that both massive and vein ore types are coeval within the resolution of the technique. Formation of the Red Dog deposit was associated with extension along a passive continental margin, and therefore the Re-Os age of main stage ore constrains the timing of rifting as well as the age of the host sedimentary rocks. Sphalerite from both massive and vein ore yields imprecise ages and shows a high degree of scatter compared to pyrite. We suggest that the Re-Os systematics of sphalerite can be disturbed and that this mineral is not reliable for Re-Os geochronology. ?? 2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.7.1569","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Morelli, R., Creaser, R., Selby, D., Kelley, K., Leach, D.L., and King, A., 2004, Re-Os sulfide geochronology of the Red Dog sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 7, p. 1569-1576, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1569.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1576","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.7.1569"},{"id":234415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a956be4b0c8380cd819d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, R.M.","contributorId":89703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creaser, R.A.","contributorId":50319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creaser","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selby, D.","contributorId":57623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, A.R.","contributorId":94828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026582,"text":"70026582 - 2004 - Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T15:19:07","indexId":"70026582","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America","docAbstract":"We radio-marked 18 Dunlin, Calidris alpina (L., 1758), at San Francisco Bay, California, and 11 Dunlin at Grays Harbor, Washington, and relocated 90% of them along the 4200 km long coastline from north of San Francisco Bay to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The Copper River Delta, Alaska, was the single most important stopover site, with 79% of the marked birds detected there. Our second most important site was the Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor complex of wetlands in Washington. The mean length of stay past banding sites ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 days. Controlling for date of departure, birds banded at San Francisco Bay had higher rates of travel to the Copper River Delta than those banded at Grays Harbor. The later a bird left a capture site, the faster it traveled to the Copper River Delta. Length of stay at the Copper River Delta was inversely related to arrival date. We did not find any effect of sex on travel rate or length of stay. Combining the results of this study with our previous work on Western Sandpipers, Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1875), reveals variation of migration strategies used within and among shorebird species along the eastern Pacific Flyway. ?? 2004 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z04-154","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Takekawa, J.Y., and Bishop, M., 2004, Migration and stopover strategies of individual Dunlin along the Pacific coast of North America: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 82, no. 11, p. 1687-1697, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z04-154.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1697","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z04-154"}],"volume":"82","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f9e4b0c8380cd6d96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, N.","contributorId":80615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":410096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, M.A.","contributorId":95426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026662,"text":"70026662 - 2004 - Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026662","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase","docAbstract":"The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both Strombolian and Subplinian basaltic activity. The Subplinian phase was preceded by a signal of low amplitude and constant frequency (??? 2 Hz) lasting 13 h. This \"humming signal\" is interpreted as the coalescence of the very shallow part of a foam building up in the conduit, which produces large gas bubbles before bursting. The acoustic waveform of the hum event is modelled by a Helmholtz resonator: gas is trapped into a rigid cavity and can only escape through a tiny upper hole producing sound waves. At Shishaldin, the radius of the hole (??? 5 m) is close to that of the conduit (??? 6 m), the cavity has a length of ??? 60 m, and gas presents only a small overpressure between (??? 1.2 ?? 10-3 and 4.5 ?? 10-3 MPa). Such an overpressure is obtained by the partial coalescence of a foam formed by bubbles with a diameter from ??? 2.3 mm at the beginning of the episode towards ??? 0.64 mm very close to the end of the phase. The intermittency between hum events is explained by the ripening of the foam induced by the H2O diffusion through the liquid films. The two extreme values, from 600 to 10 s, correspond to a bubble diameter from 2.2 to 0.3 mm at the beginning and end of the pre-Subplinian phase, respectively. The extremely good agreement between two independent estimates of bubble diameters in the shallow foam reinforces the validity of such an interpretation. The total gas volume lost at the surface during the humming events is at most 5.9 ?? 106 m3. At the very end of the pre-Subplinian phase, there is a single large bubble with an overpressure of ???0.42 MPa. The large overpressure suggests that it comes from significant depth, unlike other bubbles in the pre-Subplinian phase. This deep bubble may be responsible for the entire foam collapse, resulting in the Subplinian phase. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2004, Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 2. Precursor to the Subplinian phase: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 137, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478202,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03280993/file/Vergniolle_etal_Shishaldin_Proofs_JVGR_2004.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.004"},{"id":234386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69ee4b0c8380cd47531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, S.","contributorId":74924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, J.","contributorId":7057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026732,"text":"70026732 - 2004 - Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026732","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills. Liquefaction damage, sparse surrounding the fault rupture in the western region, was abundant and severe on the eastern rivers: the Robertson, Slana, Tok, Chisana, Nabesna and Tanana Rivers. Synthetic seismograms from a kinematic source model suggest that the eastern region of the rupture zone had elevated strong-motion levels due to rupture directivity, supporting observations of elevated geotechnical damage. We use augered soil samples and shear-wave velocity profiles made with a portable apparatus for the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) to characterize soil properties and stiffness at liquefaction sites and three trans-Alaska pipeline pump station accelerometer locations. ?? 2004, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1778389","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R., Collins, B., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., and Carver, G., 2004, Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, no. 3, p. 639-667, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389.","startPage":"639","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1778389"},{"id":234426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c7e4b0c8380cd5a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, E.","contributorId":98087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, D.","contributorId":64000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, B.D.","contributorId":57632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sitar, N.","contributorId":105092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carver, G.","contributorId":97681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026888,"text":"70026888 - 2004 - Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T15:25:40.771357","indexId":"70026888","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese","docAbstract":"<p>We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (<i>Anser albifrons frontalis</i>) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 1998 indicated that nests were significantly clumped. We tested the hypothesis that females in the same nest cluster would be closely related using estimates of genetic relatedness based on six microsatellite DNA loci. There was no difference in the mean relatedness of females in the same cluster compared to females found in different clusters. However, relatedness among females was negatively correlated with distance between their nests, and geese nesting within 50 m of one another tended to be more closely related than those nesting farther apart. Randomization tests revealed that pairs of related individuals (R &gt; 0.45) were more likely to occur in the same cluster when analyzed at the scale of the entire study site. However, the pattern did not hold when restricted to pairs found within 500 m of each other. Our results indicate that nest clusters are not composed primarily of closely related females, but Greater White-fronted Geese appear to be sufficiently philopatric to promote nonrandom patterns of relatedness at a local scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1650/7446","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., Eadie, J., and Ely, C.R., 2004, Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese: Condor, v. 106, no. 3, p. 600-607, https://doi.org/10.1650/7446.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7446","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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